Menstruation
Menstruation
Menstruation
Ovarian cycle
Follicular phase
uterine cycle
luteal phase
Puberty:
FSH & LH from anterior pituitary gland begin secreted in significant
quantities
st
1 stage follicular growth:
moderate enlargement of ovum , which increases in diameter twofold to
threefold
FSH cause:
Accelerated growth of 6 12 primary follicles each month
Initial effect : rapid proliferation of granulosa cells rise of many more
layer of this cells give rise of second mass of cells called theca
F: Allows only one follicle to growth large enough each month
to ovulate
Ovulation:
Shortly before ovulation :
1. protruding outer wall of follicle swell rapidly
2. small area in center of follicular capsule [ stigma ] protrudes like nipple
another 30 mins :
1. fluid begins to ooze from follicle through stigma
2 min later :
stigma ruptures , allow more viscous fluid occupy the central portion
of follicle , to evaginate outward
at same time :
FSH increase 2 3 fold , FSH & LH cause rapid swelling of follicle
in last few days before ovulation
LH cause :
Converting granulosa and theca cells to progesterone secreting
cells
checkpoint :
because of :
1. large quantity LH secreted by anterior pituitary gland
2. lH cause rapid secretion of progesterone
2 events in ovulation :
theca externa
[capsule of follicle]
proteolytic enzymes
lysosomes
dissolution of follicular
wall weakened
follicular hyperemia
&prostaglandin secretion
plasma transudation
into follicle
release
from
follicle swelling
capsular
follicle wall
degeneration of stigma
follicle
rupture
discharge
evagination of ovum
luteal phase :
luteinization: depend mainly on LH secreted by pituitary gland
first few hours after expulsion of ovum
they enlarge in diameter two or more times & filled with lipid
inclusion cause yellowish appearance
called corpus luteum
checkpoint:
endometrial surface re-epithelialized within 4 7 days after begin
menstruation
at time ovulation:
1. endometrium 3 5 mm thick
2. endometrial gland in cervical region secrete thin , stringy , mucus
along the length of cervical canal ; f(x) = help guide sperm in proper
direction from vagina into uterus
Menstruation
Ovum not fertilized , 2 days before end of monthly cycle
Checkpoint
Cause of menstruation :
Reduction of estrogen & progesterone
Effects:
Anatomy :
Follicle growth :
Endometrium :