Second Order Example

(b)
d 2v t
dt
dv t
dt
6v t
3e
4t
. Try v f t
equation gives ( 4) 2 B 5( 4) B 6 B
(c)
d 2v t
2
dv t
6v t
2e
2t
. Try v f t
vf t
2t
Bte
dt
dt
Substituting into the differential equation gives
(4t 4) B 5 B (1 2t ) 6 Bt
. Substituting into the differential
3
.
2
4t
Be
3
e
2
4t
because 2 is a natural frequency.
vf t
2.
2t e
2t
Ex. 9.8-2
d 2i t
di t
20 i t 36 12 t . Try i f t
dt
dt
36 12t
equation gives 0 9 B 20( A Bt )
2
if t
A B t . Substituting into the differential

B
0.6 and A 1.53.
1.53 0.6 t A
Ex. 9.9-1
When the circuit reaches steady state after t = 0, the capacitor acts like an open circuit and the
inductor acts like a short circuit. Under these conditions
R2
vC
R1 R 2
Next, represent the circuit by a 2nd order differential equation:

vC t
KCL at the top node of R2 gives:

KVL around the outside loop gives:
Use the substitution method to get
R2
vs t
d
vC t
dt
d
iL t
dt
iL t
R1 iL t
vC t
9-6
vs t
d vC t
dt R 2
LC
d2
vC t
dt 2
vC t
d
vC t
dt
R1
L
R2
d
vC t
dt
R1 C
R2
d
vC t
dt
R1
R2
vC t
vC t
(a) C = 1 F, L = 0.25 H, R1 = R2 = 1.309

Use the steady state response as the forced response:
R2
1
v f vC
1
V
R1 R 2
2
The characteristic equation is
R1
1
R1
R2
1
s2
s
s 2 6s 8 s 2 s 4
R2 C L
LC
so the natural response is
vn
The complete response is
vc t
iL t
At t = 0+
vC t
1.309
d
vC t
dt
A1 e
1
2
2t
A1 e
2t
A1
4t
A2 e
1.236 A1 e
0 vc 0
0 iL 0
A2 e
2t
4t
3.236 A2 e
4t
0.3819
A2 0.5
1.236 A1 3.236 A2 0.3819
Solving these equations gives A1 = 1 and A2 = 0.5, so

vc t
1
2
2t
1
e
2
4t
(b) C = 1 F, L = 1 H, R1 = 3 , R2 = 1
R2
1
v f vC
1
V
R1 R 2
4
9-7
R1
s2
R2 C
R2
A1
1
4
vc t
A2 t e
A1
d
vC t
dt
vC t
At t = 0+
s 2 4s 4
LC
vn
iL t
R1
2t
0 vc 0
2t
A2
1
4
V
A1
A2 t e
2t
1
4
A1
0 iL 0
A2 t e
1
4
s 2
A2
A1
Solving these equations gives A1 = 0.25 and A2 = 0.5, so

1
4
vc t
1
4
1
t e
2
2t
(c) C = 0.125 F, L = 0.5 H, R1 = 1 , R2 = 4

R2
4
v f vC
1
V
R1 R 2
5
R1
1
R1
R2
1
s2
s
s 2 4 s 20 s 2
R2 C L
LC
iL t
vn
vc t
vC t
4
2t
A1 cos 4 t
0.8 e
1d
vC t
8 dt
2t
j4
A2 sin 4 t V
A1 cos 4 t
0.2
j4 s 2
A2
2
A2 sin 4 t V
e
2t
cos 4 t
A1
2
2t
sin 4 t
9-8
At t = 0+
0 vc 0
0.8 A1
0 iL 0
A2
0.2
Solving these equations gives A1 = -0.8 and A2 = -0.4, so

vc t
0.8 e
2t
0.8cos 4 t 0.4 sin 4 t V
Ex 9.9-2
When the circuit reaches steady state after t = 0, the capacitor acts like an open circuit and the
inductor acts like a short circuit. Under these conditions
R2
vC
R1 R 2
1, iL
and
R1 R 2
R2
vo
R1 R 2
Next, represent the circuit by a 2nd order differential equation:

d
iL t R 2 iL t
dt
vs t vC t
d
C vC t iL t
R1
dt
vC t
KVL around the right-hand mesh gives:

KCL at the top node of the capacitor gives:
Use the substitution method to get
R1 C
d
d
L iL t
dt
dt
R1 LC
d2
iL t
dt 2
vs t
Using iL t
vo t
R2
R 2 iL t
L R1 R 2 C
d
iL t
dt
d
iL t
dt
R 2 iL t
R 1 iL t
R1 R 2 iL t
gives
vs t
R1
R2
LC
d2
vo t
dt 2
L
R2
R1 C
d
vo t
dt
R1
R2
R2
vo t
9-9
(a) C = 1 F, L = 0.25 H, R1 = R2 = 1.309

R2
1
v f vo
1
V
R1 R 2
2
R2
1
R2
R1
1
s2
s
s 2 6s 8 s 2 s 4
R1 C L
LC
vn
vo t
iL t
vC t
At t = 0+
vo t
1.309
1.309 iL t
A1 e
2t
0 vC 0
4t
1
A1 e 2 t A2 e 4 t V
2
A1
A2
1
e 2t
e
2.618 1.309
1.309
1 d
iL t
4 dt
0 iL 0
A2 e
1
0.6180 A1 e
2
2t
4t
0.2361 A2 e
4t
A1
A2
1
2.618 1.309 1.309
1
0.6180 A1 0.2361 A2
2
Solving these equations gives A1 = 1 and A2 = 0.5, so

vo t
1
2
2t
1
e
2
4t
(b) C = 1 F, L = 1 H, R1 = 1 , R2 = 3
Use the steady-state response as the forced response:
R2
3
v f vo
1
V
R1 R 2
4
R2
1
R2
R1
1
s2
s
s 2 4s 4
R1 C L
LC
s 2
9-10
vn
A1
3
4
vo t
vo t
iL t
vC t
At t = 0
A2 t e
A1
d
iL t
dt
3 iL t
0 vC 0
2t
A1
A2
3
4
0 iL 0
A2 t e
1
4
2t
t e
2t
A1
A2
A2
A1
3
3 A1
4 3
1
4
t e
2t
A2
3

3
4
vo t
3
4
3
t e
2
2t
(c) C = 0.125 F, L = 0.5 H, R1 = 4 , R2 = 1

R2
1
v f vo
1
V
R1 R 2
5
R2
1
R2
R1
1
s2
s
s 2 4 s 20 s 2
R1 C L
LC
vn
2t
A1 cos 4 t
j4 s 2
j4
A2 sin 4 t V

vo t
iL t
0.2 e
vo t
1
2t
0.2 e
A1 cos 4 t
2t
A2 sin 4 t V
A1 cos 4 t
A2 sin 4 t V
9-11
vC t
iL t
At t = 0+
1 d
iL t
2 dt
0.2 2 A2 e
0 iL 0
0 vC 0
2t
cos 4 t 2 A1 e
2t
sin 4 t
0.2 A1
0.2 2 A2

vc t
0.2 e
2t
0.2 cos 4 t 0.1sin 4 t V
Ex. 9.10-1
At t = 0+ no initial stored energy
3 di (0 )
0 0
10 dt
0
KCL at A :
i1 (0 ) 0
0
1
KVL :
KCL at B :
For t > 0:
0 i2 (0 ) 10 0
v1 (0 ) v2 (0 ) i(0 ) = 0
di (0 )
0
dt
dv1 (0 )
0
dt
5 dv2 (0 )
i2 (0 )
10
6
dt
dv2 (0 )
12 V s
dt
1 d v1
i
0
12 dt
5 d v2
KCL at B :
i
10
6 dt
3 di
KVL:
v1
v2 = 0
10 dt
Eliminating i yields
1 d v1 5 d v2
v1
10
0
12 dt 6 dt
3 5 d 2 v2
v1
v2
0
10 6 dt 2
KCL at A :
v1
1
Next
9-12

Second Order Example

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Second Order Example

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Second Order Example

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

(b)

. Substituting into the differential

because 2 is a natural frequency.

A B t . Substituting into the differential

0.6 and A 1.53.

Next, represent the circuit by a 2nd order differential equation:

KCL at the top node of R2 gives:

(a) C = 1 F, L = 0.25 H, R1 = R2 = 1.309

The complete response is

1.236 A1 3.236 A2 0.3819

Solving these equations gives A1 = 1 and A2 = 0.5, so

so the natural response is

The complete response is

Solving these equations gives A1 = 0.25 and A2 = 0.5, so

(c) C = 0.125 F, L = 0.5 H, R1 = 1 , R2 = 4

Solving these equations gives A1 = -0.8 and A2 = -0.4, so

0.8cos 4 t 0.4 sin 4 t V

Next, represent the circuit by a 2nd order differential equation:

KVL around the right-hand mesh gives:

(a) C = 1 F, L = 0.25 H, R1 = R2 = 1.309

The complete response is

Solving these equations gives A1 = 1 and A2 = 0.5, so

so the natural response is

The complete response is

Solving these equations gives A1 = -0.75 and A2 = -1.5, so

(c) C = 0.125 F, L = 0.5 H, R1 = 4 , R2 = 1

The complete response is

Solving these equations gives A1 = -0.8 and A2 = -0.4, so

0.2 cos 4 t 0.1sin 4 t V

You might also like