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    Assignment 2 Solutions

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    ይቴ ስንሻዉ
    1. The document provides calculations to determine: - The effective mass of a photon at visible wavelengths of 0.5 μm, which is approximately 10-36 kg. - The solid angle subtended by the sun (about 6 x 10-5 sr) using the small angle approximation. - That for isotropic radiation, the hemispheric flux can be described by F = πI. 2. It also includes questions to: - Calculate the average spectral flux within the wavelength interval of 0.3 to 1.0 μm given the total flux is 200 W/m2. - Determine the total flux contributed by wavelengths between 0.4 to 0.5 μm if the spectral

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    Assignment 2 Solutions

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    142 views3 pages
    1. The document provides calculations to determine: - The effective mass of a photon at visible wavelengths of 0.5 μm, which is approximately 10-36 kg. - The solid angle subtended by the sun (about 6 x 10-5 sr) using the small angle approximation. - That for isotropic radiation, the hemispheric flux can be described by F = πI. 2. It also includes questions to: - Calculate the average spectral flux within the wavelength interval of 0.3 to 1.0 μm given the total flux is 200 W/m2. - Determine the total flux contributed by wavelengths between 0.4 to 0.5 μm if the spectral

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    1. The document provides calculations to determine: - The effective mass of a photon at visible wavelengths of 0.5 μm, which is approximately 10-36 kg. - The solid angle subtended by the sun (about 6 x 10-5 sr) using the small angle approximation. - That for isotropic radiation, the hemispheric flux can be described by F = πI. 2. It also includes questions to: - Calculate the average spectral flux within the wavelength interval of 0.3 to 1.0 μm given the total flux is 200 W/m2. - Determine the total flux contributed by wavelengths between 0.4 to 0.5 μm if the spectral

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    142 views3 pages

    Assignment 2 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    ይቴ ስንሻዉ
    1. The document provides calculations to determine: - The effective mass of a photon at visible wavelengths of 0.5 μm, which is approximately 10-36 kg. - The solid angle subtended by the sun (about 6 x 10-5 sr) using the small angle approximation. - That for isotropic radiation, the hemispheric flux can be described by F = πI. 2. It also includes questions to: - Calculate the average spectral flux within the wavelength interval of 0.3 to 1.0 μm given the total flux is 200 W/m2. - Determine the total flux contributed by wavelengths between 0.4 to 0.5 μm if the spectral

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Assignment 2: Due March 24, 2016

    1. If Planck said that E = h, but Einstein argued that for an object at rest that E = mc2 ?
    Show that the effective mass of a photon at visible wavelengths of, say, 0.5 m (green) is
    order 10 36 kg?
    From the notes
    E = me c2 = h
    so
    me = h/c2
    But
    = c/
    So
    me = h/ (c ) =
    Not much!

    6.6 10 34
    3 108 0.5 10

    = 4.4 10

    36

    kg

    2. Based on the fact that the diameter of the suns disk is 0.5 , show that the solid angle subtended by the sun is 6 10 5 sr Hint: apply the small angle approximation sin when
    calculating !
    The trick here is to recognize that we are talking about small angles for the purpose of
    calculating solid angles. Therefore, from the Taylor series expansion of sin , taken to first
    order,
    ! = sindd ' dd
    1
    !'
    2

    where /2 is the angular radius, and


    !=

    !2

    = 2. Therefore

    2
    (0.5 /360)2 = 6 10
    2

    sr

    3. Show that for isotropic radiation (i.e., the intensity of radiation is constant in all directions)
    that the hemispheric flux can be described by
    F = I
    This can be a useful identity to remember. (Hint: use the transformation = cos so that
    R /2 R 2
    F = 0
    0 Id)
    R /2

    The trick here is to recognize that 0 I cos sin d is equivalent to 01 Id, where =
    cos . Or you can just look up the integral in a book, but in radiative transfer, this is the way
    things are usually done, by doing the transformation = cos .
    F =

    Z 2 Z 1
    0

    Idd = 2 1/22 |10 = I

    4. The total solar radiation flux incident on a surface due to wavelengths between 0.3 m and
    1.0 m is 200 W m 2
    (a) what is the average spectral flux within this interval? Give your answer in units of W
    m 2 m 1
    (b) If the spectral flux is constant with wavelength, then what is the total flux contributed
    by wavelengths just between 0.4 m and 0.5 m?
    (c) What is the total flux (in W m 2 ) contributed by radiation of exactly 0.5 m wavelength?
    Since the total flux is F = 200 W m 2 , then F = F/
    = 200/0.7 = 285.7 W m 2
    1
    m . The fraction contained in 0.1 m of this is then 285.70.1 = 28.6 W m 2 . At exactly
    0.5 m, there is no energy, because the wavelength window is infinitely narrow and
    = 0:
    2
    285.70 m = 0 W m .
    5. W&H 4.13. What you are doing here is calculating the Jacobian

    6. Building on the question above, prove to yourself that the peak in the blackbody spectrum
    for B is not the same as the peak for B . You do not need to calculate dB /d.
    From the prior question
    I =

    B =

    so
    implying that
    B (max ) 6= B (
    2

    max )

    7. Taking the equation for the Planck function


    B (T ) =

    2h 3
    c2 (eh/kT

    1)

    Prove to yourself that you obtain the classical Rayleigh-Jeans expression in the low frequency limit where h kT . You will want to make a Taylor series expansion of ex where
    x = h/kT
    To show this you need to invoke the Taylor series expansion of ex = 1+x +x2 /2! + x3 /3! +
    ... and truncate the expansion to the first order terms for which x is not negligibly small. x
    here is h/kT .

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