71 People V Latupan

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71 People v Latupan, G.R. No.

112453, 28 June 2001


Ceferino Dagulo he heard the shouts of a woman and a child coming from the north.
Moments later, Ceferino saw accused Gerardo Latupan y Sibal walking in his direction,
carrying a thin, bloodied knife. Accused Latupan entered the house of Ceferino and started
chasing Ceferinos wife, who was able to run to another house nearby. Accused Latupan
attempted to thrust the knife into Ceferino, who was able to parry it. Later on, accused Latupan
told Ceferino to bring him to the authorities and tried to give the knife to Ceferino. Ceferino
refused to touch the knife and told accused to go to the authorities by himself. Hearing this
advice, accused ran away.
The house of Emilio Asuncion (hereafter Emy) was 100 meters from Ceferinos house. At
around 4:00 in the afternoon of the same day, Emy Asuncion was returning to his house from a
store. He reached his house and found his wife, Lilia, dead on the ground with several stab
wounds on her body.

W/N the penalty for the crime committed should be of reclusion perpetua
YES. Under Article 248 of the Revised Penal Code, the penalty for murder at the time of the
commission of the crime in April 1991 was reclusion temporal maximum to death. The trial
court convicted accused-appellant of murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment. The proper
imposable penalty is reclusion perpetua, not life imprisonment. Obviously, the trial court
intended to impose reclusion perpetua.
However, the penalty of life imprisonment is not the same as reclusion perpetua. They are
distinct in nature, in duration and in accessory penalties.[18] First, life imprisonment is imposed for
serious offenses penalized by special laws, while reclusion perpetua is prescribed under the
Revised Penal Code. Second, life imprisonment does not carry with it any accessory
penalty. Reclusion perpetua has accessory penalties.
We likewise note that the trial court sentenced accused to ten days of imprisonment for each
count of slight physical injuries. We reiterate the rule that it is necessary for the courts to employ
the proper legal terminology in the imposition of penalties because of the substantial difference
in their corresponding legal effects and accessory penalties.[20]
Hence, the proper penalty for each murder committed in April 1991, considering the absence
of aggravating and mitigating circumstances, is reclusion perpetua, with its accessory penalties.

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