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    Reproductive System Development: Ob Notes

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    Lykee Padilla
    1. Puberty involves the development of secondary sexual characteristics through the release of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. 2. Male and female reproductive systems develop primary and secondary sex characteristics during puberty. For males this includes testicular growth, penis growth, and physical changes. For females this includes breast development, widening of the hips, and onset of menstruation. 3. The female menstrual cycle occurs approximately every 28 days and involves changes in hormone levels and thickening and shedding of the uterine lining. If fertilization does not occur a new cycle begins. Natural and artificial family planning methods can be used to avoid or achieve pregnancy.

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    Reproductive System Development: Ob Notes

    Uploaded by

    Lykee Padilla
    378 views2 pages
    1. Puberty involves the development of secondary sexual characteristics through the release of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. 2. Male and female reproductive systems develop primary and secondary sex characteristics during puberty. For males this includes testicular growth, penis growth, and physical changes. For females this includes breast development, widening of the hips, and onset of menstruation. 3. The female menstrual cycle occurs approximately every 28 days and involves changes in hormone levels and thickening and shedding of the uterine lining. If fertilization does not occur a new cycle begins. Natural and artificial family planning methods can be used to avoid or achieve pregnancy.

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    OB NURSING NOTES (SUMMARY)

    Original Title

    OB NURSING NOTES

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    1. Puberty involves the development of secondary sexual characteristics through the release of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. 2. Male and female reproductive systems develop primary and secondary sex characteristics during puberty. For males this includes testicular growth, penis growth, and physical changes. For females this includes breast development, widening of the hips, and onset of menstruation. 3. The female menstrual cycle occurs approximately every 28 days and involves changes in hormone levels and thickening and shedding of the uterine lining. If fertilization does not occur a new cycle begins. Natural and artificial family planning methods can be used to avoid or achieve pregnancy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    378 views2 pages

    Reproductive System Development: Ob Notes

    Uploaded by

    Lykee Padilla
    1. Puberty involves the development of secondary sexual characteristics through the release of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. 2. Male and female reproductive systems develop primary and secondary sex characteristics during puberty. For males this includes testicular growth, penis growth, and physical changes. For females this includes breast development, widening of the hips, and onset of menstruation. 3. The female menstrual cycle occurs approximately every 28 days and involves changes in hormone levels and thickening and shedding of the uterine lining. If fertilization does not occur a new cycle begins. Natural and artificial family planning methods can be used to avoid or achieve pregnancy.

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    of 2

    1 inch is 2.

    54 cm REMEMBER

    OB NOTES
    REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
    Puberty
    - development of secondary sexual characteristics
    - starts when the hypothalamus releases Gonadotrophin
    releasing hormone---Releasing FSH and LH---Production
    of estrogen and androgen---Secondary characteristics
    A. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
    DEVELOPMENT (12-14 y/o)
    - 6 months later than female and is completed in 5 years
    - Androgen: for muscular development, physical growth
    and increase in sebaceuos gland secretion
    - Secondary sexual characteristics
    1. Weight Gain
    2. Growth of testes
    - enlargement; includes the darkening, thinning
    and enlargement of the scrotum (rich in melanocyte)
    -GnRH---FSH and LH---FSH for androgen
    building protein and LH for testorterone release--sperm formation
    3. Adrenarche/Hair Growth (face, axilla, genital)
    - cephalocaudal (starts at base of penis)
    4. Voice changes
    5. Penile growth
    6. Height increase
    7. Spermatogenesis
    - Wet dreams are psychologic (during REM) and
    physiologic(increased oxygen to penis due to
    position) in nature
    - Male External structures include:
    1. Scrotum
    - rugates, skin covered, muscular pouch covering
    testicles; helps regulate temp of sperm
    - COLD-Closer to body (goes up)
    - HOT-Away from the body (goes down)
    2. Testes
    - has Leydig cells in the lobules which is for
    production of testosterone; Seminiferous tubule for
    production of spermatozoa
    - Right testicle is higher and smaller than the left
    to prevent friction
    3. Penis
    - has 3 erectile tissues: 2 corpus cavernosa and 1
    corpus spongiosum
    - Erection (PNS): Nitric oxide released from BV
    edothelium---dilation of BV (engorgement)---tissue
    contracts and traps blood in erectile tissue (erection)
    - Male Internal Structures
    1. Epididymis
    - over 20 feet long; produces alkaline fluid
    surrounding sperm (5%) ; takes 12-20 days for a
    sperm to travel in epididymis; sperm matures for 64
    days thus therapy for aspermia and oligospermia only
    takes effect after 2 months
    2. Vas or Ductus deferens

    - Where the sperm matures; carries sperm from


    epididymis to seminal vesicle and ejaculatory ducts;
    Not yet mobile
    3. Seminal vesicle
    -where sperms become mobile; secretes viscous
    alkaline liquid (30%)
    4. Ejaculatory ducts
    5. Prostate gland (chestnut sized)
    - secrete alkaline fluid (60%)
    6. Bulbourethral glands (Cowpers glands)
    -secrete alkaline fluid (5%)
    7. Urethra

    B. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    DEVELOPMENT
    - 6 months earlier than males; lasts for 3 years
    - Androgen---Tertosterone: enlarges labia majora and
    clitoris and adrenarche
    - Estrogen:breast development (thelarche), reproductive
    system development
    - Secondary sexual characteristics
    1. Growth spurt
    2. Increase transverse pelvic diameter
    3. Thelarche
    4. Adrenarche
    5. Menstruation/Menarche (9-12 y/o onset) is
    irregular till 1-2 years after and ovulation is consistent
    6. Vaginal secretions
    - Female external structures
    1. Breasts
    - Montgomery tubercles-sebaceous glands @ the
    surface of the areola
    2. Mons Veneris
    - Fat protecting symphysis pubis (reverse
    triangle with pubic hair)
    3. Labia Minora
    4. Labia Majora
    5. Others (vestibule, clitoris)
    - Skenes glands/Paraurethral (2;gilid ng urinary
    meatus) and Bartholins glands/vulvovaginal (2; gilid
    ng vaginal opening) help lubricate during coitus
    - Fourchette (part that is cut in episiotomy)
    - Pudendal artery supplies blood supply to vulva
    and is innervated through L1
    - Female internal structures

    1 inch is 2.54 cm REMEMBER

    1. Ovaries (almond shaped)


    - contains fluid filles graafian follicle or
    miniature corpus luteum (structure left behind after
    ovum has been discharged)
    2. Fallopian Tubes
    - 3-4 inches long; If >4 risk for ectopic
    - Isthmus is the site of bitubal ligation
    - Ampulla is the site of fertilization

    3. Ischemic phase
    - corpus luteum regress 8-10 days and decreased
    progesterone and estrogen---degeneration of
    endometrium (24th/25th of cycle)
    4. Menses
    - end of menstrual cycle; first day of flow marks
    beginning of new cycle
    * Spinnbarkeit/Cervical mucus test- fertile if copious and
    watery
    - Menopause/Change of life
    - cessation of menstrual cycles
    -starts @ 40-55 years old where spotting is normal
    - ovaries atrophy (decrease estrogen---hot flashes--vaginal dryness---osteoporosis)

    3. Uterus
    - 5-7 cm long; widest at upper part (where
    implantation occurs)
    - Cervix is largest part
    - Three layers: Endometrium (common site of
    implantation), Myometrium (Placenta Acreta if
    implantation is here) and Perimetrium
    - Operculum aka the mucus plug in pregnancy
    - Due to enlargement @ pregnancy, ligaments
    fail to suport other organs and can result in: Cystocele
    bladder herniation in anterior vagina and Rectocele
    rectum pouches into vaginal wall
    C. MENSTRUATION
    - Starts at 9-17 y/o; Average of 28 days cycle and range of
    23-35 days; Bleeding for 2-7 days and also 1-9 days; 30-80
    cc of blood; marigold odor
    - FSH (active initially) for maturation of ovum and LH
    (active midcycle) for release of mature egg, ovulation, and
    growth of uterine lining
    - Ovulatin occurs the 14th day before the onset of the next
    cycle; minus 14 lagi no matter how long the cycle
    - Temp goes down 1degree F day before ovulation and goes
    up 1 degree F day after ovulation till the 24th day where
    progesterone decreases
    - HORMONES involved in these cycle
    1. GnRH or LHRH
    - Triggered by:
    - Decreased during:
    2. FSH
    3. LH
    4. Estrogen
    5. Progesterone
    6. Prolactin
    7. Oxytocin
    8. Prostaglandin
    - Has 4 phases:
    1. Proliferative/Estrogenic/Postmenstrual/Follicular
    - 4-5 days initially in cycle (uterus is very thin)
    then GnRH triggers FSH due to absence of hormones
    and FSH triggers ovaries to produce estrogen--endometrium thickens
    2. Secretory/Progestational/Luteal/Premenstrual
    -LH secretion---corpus luteum releases
    progesterone---egg is released and best for
    fertilization

    -Sexual Response:
    - Excitement--Plateua--Orgasm--Resolution
    - Disorders: ED and Premature Ejaculation
    - Vaginismus
    - Dyspareunia
    -Vestibulitis
    FAMILY PLANNING
    A. NATURAL FP METHODS
    a) Abstinence
    b) Calendar/Rhythm method
    i.
    Abstain coitus 3-4 days before and 3-4 days
    after ovulation
    ii. Planning includes diary of 6 menstrual
    cycles and subracting 18 to the shortest
    cycle (first fertile day) and 11 to her longest
    cycle (last fertile day)
    c) Cervical mucus
    i.
    Fertile if thin and watery
    ii. Not fertile if thick and scanty
    d) Basal body temperature
    i.
    Take temp immediately after wakign up
    (oral or ear); if she sees slight deep then
    increase---avoid coitus for 3 days
    e) Symptothermal
    i.
    Combi of BBT and Cervical mucus
    ii. Observes for mittelschmertz or midcycle
    abd pain
    f) Lactation amenorrhea method
    i.
    No ovulation 3 months postpartum if
    breastfeeding exclusively
    B. ARTIFICIAL FP METHODS
    a) OC
    i.
    Predcribed by physicin, NP, NM after
    pelvic examination and pap smear
    ii. Increase effects of caffeine and
    corticosteroids
    iii. Injectibles
    b) IUD
    c) Injectibles
    d) Implants - takes 3 years before replacement;
    inserted @ the subcutaneous layer of the upper
    arm

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