Check Sheets

CHECK SHEETS (LISTS)
Category: Monitoring - Control
ABSTRACT
As one of Ishikawas basic quality tools, Check Sheets(G) are an effective
means of gathering data in a helpful, meaningful way. They are easy to use
and allow the user to collect data in a systematic and organized manner.
Many types of check sheets are available. The most common are the defective
item, defective location, defective cause, and checkup confirmation check
sheets.
KEYWORDS
Check sheets, Check lists, Data collection, TQM tool, Seven Basic Tools of
Quality, Statistical Process Control
OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the check lists are:
Clearly identify what is being observed.
Keep the data collection process as easy as possible.
Group the data. Collected data should be grouped in a way that makes the
data valuable and reliable. Similar problems must be in similar groups.
Create a format that will give the most information with the least amount
of effort.
FIELD OF APPLICATION
The checklist could be used for:
Gathering and structuring data
Verifying a hypothesis
RELATED TOOLS
Pareto charts, Brainstorming,
Chart, Scatter diagrams
Fishbone diagram, Inspection sheets, Control
DESCRIPTION
A check sheet is one of the seven basic quality tools. Data collection can often
become an unstructured and messy exercise. It is a simple form data could be
collected in an organized manner and easily converted it into readily useful
information. Data collection is important because it is the starting point for
statistical analysis. The function of a check sheet is to present information in
an efficient, graphical format. A check sheet is a table or a form used to
systematically register data as it is collected. Check sheets help organize data
by category. They show how many times each particular value occurs, and
their information is increasingly helpful as more data are collected. Main
applications of a check sheets include registering how often different problems
occur and registering the frequency of incidents that are believed to cause
problems.
There are many types of check sheets:
Distribution Check Sheets, used to collect data in order to determine how

a variable is dispersed within an area of possible occurrences
Location Check Sheets, used to Highlight the physical location of a

problem/defect (G) in order to improve quality
Cause Check Sheets, used to keep track of how often a problem happens
or records the cause to a certain problem.
Classification Check Sheets, Used to keep track of the frequency of major

classifications involving the delivery of products or services
The main steps to construct a check sheet are:

1.
Clearly define the objective of the data collection.
2.
Determine other information about the source of the data that should be
recorded, such as shift, date, or working point.
3.
Determine and define all categories of data to be collected.
4.
Determine the time period for data collection and who will collect the data.
5.
Determine how instructions will be given to those involved in data

collection.
6.
Design a check sheet by listing categories to be counted.
7.
Pilot the check sheet to determine ease of use and reliability of results.
8.
Modify the check sheet based on results of the pilot.
BENEFITS
Effective way of displaying data
Easy to use
Can identify the root cause of a problem
A first step in the construction of other graphical tools
Provides a structure for uniform data collection
Can be used to substantiate or refute allegations
PREREQUISITES
Use Ishikawa diagrams or Brainstorming to determine categories to be

used on the check sheet.
Construct an operational definition of each category to ensure data

collected is consistent.
Spend adequate time explaining the objective of the data collection to

those involved in recording the data to ensure the data will be reliable.
EXAMPLES CASE STUDY

In order to understand the operation mode of the check sheet tool and in
order to emphasize the results obtained by using this tool, we will take the
following situation as an example:
A medical policlinic has four areas for patients diagnostics: Area A, Area B,
Area C, and Area D. At the end of month inspection, many errors are
discovered in the invoicing process at the four diagnostics points. In order to
investigate the types of errors on the invoices received through the four
points, the following check sheet is drawn up.
Table 1: Check sheet designed to investigate the types of errors in the received invoices
AREAS
AREA A
ERRORS
Transaction datas not

mentioned
AREA B
Total
AREA C
AREA D
///////
///
Supplier name inegible or

not mentioned
///
/////
Supplier VAT number (fiscal

ID) omitted
//
//
Company datas erroneous or

omitted
//
//////
////
//
12
////
////////
///
Invoice not duly signed by

buyer
Invoice date not mentioned
Invoice number not

mentioned
10
//
13
The check sheet easily reveals the most frequent errors (Invoice number not
mentioned, Invoice not duly signed by buyer, Transaction datas not
mentioned, etc.) and the areas where the greatest number of errors occurred
(areas A, and B respectively).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Bunney, Heather and Barrie Dale. TQM blueprint. Blackwell Publishers,

Oxford, 1999.
2.
Foster, Thomas. Managing Quality, An Integrative Approach. Upper Saddle

River, Prentice Hall, 2001.
3.
Guidelines for the Planning of Health Programme Evaluation Swiss

Federal Office of Public Health, Berne Switzerland, 1997 (available on
www.health-evaluation.admin.ch)
4.
Hodgetts, Richard M. Measures of Quality and High Performance. Amacom

publishing, New York, 1998. Pages 89-91.
5.
Owen, Jane, Making Quality sense: A guide to quality tools and techniques,
awards and the thinking behind them, Learning and Skills development
4
agency,
London,
2002
http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0
000019b/80/1a/5b/92.pdf
6.
Soin, Sarv Singh. TQC essentials. McGraw-Hill, Inc: New York, 1992. Page
297.

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CHECK SHEETS (LISTS)

Category: Monitoring - Control

Clearly identify what is being observed.

Keep the data collection process as easy as possible.

Gathering and structuring data

Fishbone diagram, Inspection sheets, Control

Distribution Check Sheets, used to collect data in order to determine how

Location Check Sheets, used to Highlight the physical location of a

Classification Check Sheets, Used to keep track of the frequency of major

The main steps to construct a check sheet are:

Clearly define the objective of the data collection.

Determine and define all categories of data to be collected.

Determine how instructions will be given to those involved in data

Design a check sheet by listing categories to be counted.

Modify the check sheet based on results of the pilot.

Effective way of displaying data

Can identify the root cause of a problem

A first step in the construction of other graphical tools

Provides a structure for uniform data collection

Can be used to substantiate or refute allegations

Use Ishikawa diagrams or Brainstorming to determine categories to be

Construct an operational definition of each category to ensure data

Spend adequate time explaining the objective of the data collection to

EXAMPLES CASE STUDY

Transaction datas not

Supplier name inegible or

Supplier VAT number (fiscal

Company datas erroneous or

Invoice not duly signed by

Invoice date not mentioned

Invoice number not

Bunney, Heather and Barrie Dale. TQM blueprint. Blackwell Publishers,

Foster, Thomas. Managing Quality, An Integrative Approach. Upper Saddle

Guidelines for the Planning of Health Programme Evaluation Swiss

Hodgetts, Richard M. Measures of Quality and High Performance. Amacom

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