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    Fluid Power Formulas

    Uploaded by

    mahaveen
    The document provides formulas for calculating various metrics related to fluid power systems. It includes equations for calculating torque and horsepower from RPMs, hydraulic horsepower from pressure and flow rate, and velocity of oil flow through pipes. It also gives the formulas for calculating area and circumference of circles, force generated by hydraulic cylinders, and other fluid power relationships. When the industry converts measurement units to the international standard, the formulas will change but maintain similar relationships between variables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fluid Power Formulas

    Uploaded by

    mahaveen
    391 views4 pages
    The document provides formulas for calculating various metrics related to fluid power systems. It includes equations for calculating torque and horsepower from RPMs, hydraulic horsepower from pressure and flow rate, and velocity of oil flow through pipes. It also gives the formulas for calculating area and circumference of circles, force generated by hydraulic cylinders, and other fluid power relationships. When the industry converts measurement units to the international standard, the formulas will change but maintain similar relationships between variables.

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    fluid power formula

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    The document provides formulas for calculating various metrics related to fluid power systems. It includes equations for calculating torque and horsepower from RPMs, hydraulic horsepower from pressure and flow rate, and velocity of oil flow through pipes. It also gives the formulas for calculating area and circumference of circles, force generated by hydraulic cylinders, and other fluid power relationships. When the industry converts measurement units to the international standard, the formulas will change but maintain similar relationships between variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    391 views4 pages

    Fluid Power Formulas

    Uploaded by

    mahaveen
    The document provides formulas for calculating various metrics related to fluid power systems. It includes equations for calculating torque and horsepower from RPMs, hydraulic horsepower from pressure and flow rate, and velocity of oil flow through pipes. It also gives the formulas for calculating area and circumference of circles, force generated by hydraulic cylinders, and other fluid power relationships. When the industry converts measurement units to the international standard, the formulas will change but maintain similar relationships between variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    The document provides various formulas related to fluid power systems, including calculations for torque, horsepower, flow rates, forces, pressures and more.

    Formulas are given for calculating torque, horsepower and RPM in terms of each other for hydraulic pumps and motors. Equations relate torque to horsepower and speed, and horsepower to torque and speed.

    Formulas are given for calculating hydraulic power in terms of pressure, flow rate and units, as well as relating flow rate to velocity in pipes based on pipe dimensions.

    Fluid Power Formulas

    Torque and horsepower relations:


    T = HP x 5252 RPM
    HP = T x RPM 5252
    RPM = HP x 5252 T
    Torque values are in foot pounds.
    Hydraulic (fluid power) horsepower:
    HP = PSI x GPM 1714
    PSI is gauge pressure in pounds per square inch, GPM is oil flow in gallons per minute.
    Velocity of oil flow in pipe:
    V = GPM x 0.3208 A
    V is oil velocity in feet per second, GPM is flow in gallons per minute, A is inside area of
    pipe in square inches.
    Charles' Law for behavior of gases:
    T1V2 = T2V1, or T1P2 = T2P1
    T1, P1 and V1 are initial temperature, pressure and volume, and T2, P2 and V2 are final
    conditions.
    Boyle's Law for behavior of gases:
    P1V1 = P2V2
    P1, V1 are initial pressure and volume; P2 and V2 are final conditions.
    Circle Formulae:
    Area = r2, or D2 4
    Circumference = 2r, or D
    r is radius, D is diameter, inches; is 3.14
    Heat equivalent of fluid power:
    BTU per hour = PSI x GPM x 1
    Hydraulic Cylinder Piston travel speed:
    S = CIM A
    S is piston travel speed, inches per minute, CIM is oil flow into cylinder, cubic inches per
    minute, A is piston area in square inches.
    Thrust or force of any cylinder:
    T = A x PSI
    T is thrust or force, in pounds, A is piston area in square inches, PSI is gauge pressure.
    Force for piercing or shearing sheet metal:
    F = P x T x PSI
    F is force required, in pounds, P is perimeter around area to be sheared, in inches, T is

    sheet thickness in inches; PSI is the sheer strength rating of the material in pounds per
    square inch.
    Side load on pump or motor shaft:
    F = (HP x 63024) (RPM x R)
    F is the side load, in pounds, against shaft; R is the pitch radius of sheave on pump shaft,
    in inches; HP is driving power applied to shaft.
    Effective force of a cylinder working at an angle to direction of the load travel:
    F = T x sin A
    T is the total cylinder force, in pounds; F is the part of the force which is effective, in
    pounds, A is the least angle, in degrees, between cylinder axis and load direction.
    Heat radiating capacity of a steel reservoir:
    HP = 0.001 x A x TD
    HP is the power radiating capacity expressed in horsepower; A is surface area, in square
    feet; TD is temperature difference in F between oil and surrounding air.
    Burst pressure of pipe or tubing:
    P = 2t x S O
    P is burst pressure in PSI, t is wall thickness, in inches; S is tensile strength of material in
    PSI; O is outside diameter, in inches.
    Relationship between displacement and torque of a hydraulic motor:
    T = D x PSI 24
    T is torque in foot pounds, D is displacement in cubic inches per revolution, PSI is
    pressure difference across motor, is 3.14
    Familiar fluid power formulae in English units are shown in the left
    column. When the industry converts to SI (International)
    units, these formulae will take the form shown in the right
    column.

    English Units

    Metric Units

    Torque, HP, Speed Relations in Hydraulic Pumps


    and Motors
    T = HP x 5252 RPM
    HP = T x RPM 5252
    RPM = HP x 5252 T

    T = Kw x 9543 RPM
    Kw = T x RPM 9543
    RPM = Kw x 9543 T

    T = Torque, foot-lbs.
    RPM = Speed, revs/min
    HP = Horsepower

    T = Torque, Nm (Newton-meters)
    RPM = Speed, revs/min
    Kw = Power in kilowatts

    Hydraulic Power Flowing Through the Pipes


    HP = PSI x GPM 1714

    Kw = Bars x dm3/min 600

    HP = Horsepower
    Kw = Powers in kilowatts
    PSI = Gauge pressure, lbs/sq. Inch Bars = System pressure
    GPM = Flow, gallons per minute
    dm3/min = Flow, cu. dm/minute

    Force Developed by an Air or Hydraulic Cylinder


    T = A x PSI

    N = A x Bars x 10

    T = Force or thrust, in lbs.


    A = Piston area, square inches
    PSI = Gauge pressure, lbs/sq. inch

    N = Cylinder force in Newtons


    A = Piston area, sq. centimeters
    Bars = Gauge pressure

    Travel Speed of a Hydraulic Cylinder Piston


    S=VA

    S = V 6A

    S = Travel speed, inches/minute


    V = Vol. of oil to cyl., cu.in/min
    A = Piston area, square inches

    S = Travel speed, meter/sec


    V = Oil flow dm3/minute
    A = Piston area, square centimeters

    Barlow's Formula - Burst Pressure of Pipe &


    Tubing
    P = 2t x S O

    P = 2t x S O

    P = Burst pressure, PSI


    t = Pipe wall thickness, inches
    S = Tensile str., pipe material, PSI
    O = Outside diameter of pipe,
    inches

    P = Burst pressure, bars


    t = Pipe wall thickness, mm
    S = Tensile str., pipe material, bars
    O = Outside diameter of pipe, mm

    Velocity of Oil Flow in Hydraulic Lines


    V = GPM x 0.3208 A

    V = dm3/min 6A

    V = Velocity, feet per second


    GPM = Oil flow, gallons/minute
    A = Inside area of pipe, sq. inches

    V = Oil velocity, meters/second


    dm3/min = Oil flow, cu.dm/minute
    A = Inside area of pipe, sq.cm.

    Recommended Maximum Oil Velocity in


    Hydraulic Lines
    fps = feet per second
    mps = meters per second
    Pump suction lines - 2 to 4 fps
    Pump suction lines - .6 to 1.2 mps
    Pres. lines to 500 PSI - 10 to 15
    Pres. lines to 35 bar - 3 to 4 mps
    fps
    Pres. lines to 206.8 bar - 4 to 6 mps
    Pres. lines to 3000 PSI - 15 to 20
    Pres. lines over 200 bar - 7 mps
    fps
    Oil lines in air/oil system - 1 mps
    Pres. lines over 3000 PSI - 25 fps
    Oil lines in air/oil system - 4 fps

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