4

Society

Vocabulary
Society

Phrasal verbs

1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of

3 Complete the phrasal verbs in the sentences with

the words in the box.

communemonarchownerpopulateslave

1 Every neighbourhood needs a

centre
where residents can meet to discuss important local
issues.
2 Britain is a(n)
and the king or queen
is its head.
3 The UK has a(n)
of over 63,000,000
people.
4 Home
is decreasing and more and
more people rent their homes instead.
5
is unacceptable and every person
has the right to live freely.

2 PLUS Complete the dialogue with society words

from this unit.
Jorge: What happens in Britain when people dont have
a job?
Clara: Well, Britain has got a (1) w
s
, so when people cant find
suitable (2) e
, they receive
money from the state.
Jorge: And what about when people get sick? Do they
have to pay to see a doctor?
Clara: No, of course not. Most doctors and nurses
are (3) c
s
in
Britain, so the state pays them, not the patient.
In fact, (4) h
is free for everyone
on the National Health Service. So, all UK
(5) c
can get medical treatment
without paying.
Jorge: I imagine they pay through (6) t
,
though.
Clara: Thats right.
The system
works by
taxing people
so that
everyone
benefits.

36

the correct forms of suitable verbs. Use one word in

each gap.
1 The police officer told the man to
over his gun.
2 Shops selling cupcakes are
up
everywhere.
3 If you
up against problems filling in
the form, Ill help.
4 Weve decided to
up a tapas bar.
5 Lets
up a sign to say were open.
6 The protesters
off for London early
in the morning.

4 PLUS Match 15 with AE and fill in the missing

phrasal verbs to complete the sentences.
1 Were
next week,
2 Dad
3 Where did that building
from?
4 If you
5 If you dont
A
B
C
D
E

of our old house

the money he won,

your own business,

the keys now,

It wasnt there last year.

youll have to work very hard.
so Im putting everything in boxes.
Ill have to take them from you.
so I can afford to go on holiday.

5 PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it has

the same meaning as the first. Use the word in bold.
1 Rea had a few problems when she started her new job.
Rea
a few
problems when she started her new job. (against)
2 Those new apartments were built in 2012.
The builders
those
new apartments in 2012. (put)
3 What time do you leave for work in the morning?
What time do you
in the morning? (off)
4 Did you give everyone a food box?
Did you
the food
boxes with everyone? (out)

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Crime & justice

6 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of
a verb and a noun from the boxes, and add a or to
when necessary.
arrestcommitdismissgopayreach
casecrimefineprisonsuspectverdict

1 Judges often
because there isnt enough evidence to try the
defendant.
2 Police have
who
they believe has robbed over 50 homes this year.
3 When the jury
, the
defendant finds out if he or she is found guilty or not
guilty.
4 I had to
for
parking in the wrong place.
5 The idea of
and
having your freedom removed stops most people from
.

Vocabulary Workshop
9 Choose the correct words.
1 The soldiers were given an award for their
majority / bravery during the war.
2 Judges have to decide if a criminal can be
released / charged from prison
3 Trish set fire to the school and was charged with
joyriding / arson.
4 Turkey doesnt have EU membership /
citizenship.
5 The jury charges / finds the defendant guilty.

7 PLUS Complete the text with one word in each gap.

Being a member of a jury

In the UK, anyone over the age of eighteen can be asked
to do jury (1)
at any time. This means
that you will be a member of a jury and you will have to
go to (2)
and sit through a real case.
Then, you will have to decide if the (3)
the person accused of a crime is guilty or not guilty.
It is very important not to discuss the case with anyone,
apart from other members of the jury in the discussion
room. It is especially important not to post comments
about it on social media sites. If you do, you will have
(4)
a crime and you may have to pay
a (5)
. In very serious cases, you may
even go to (6)
as a result of talking
about a case.

8 PLUS Complete the sentences with suitable crime

and justice words from this unit.
is a common
1 U
problem in Britain as many young people drink alcohol
regularly.
2 Shouting and singing in the streets late at night is an
example of d
.
3 L
question
defendants and witnesses in court.
4 If you kill another person on purpose, youll be
charged with m
.
5 If you a
to a crime, you say that you
did it.
6 A s
is a person the police think may
have committed a crime.

10
PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it
has the same meaning as the first. Use the word
in bold.
1 The police say Mateo stole the painting. (of)
The police have
stealing the
painting.
2 The prisoner hopes they will set him free soon.
(from)
The prisoner hopes they
prison soon.
3 The police officers said she was driving while
drunk. (charged)
The police officers
drink-driving.
4 Criminals who arent dangerous are often kept as
prisoners in their own homes. (house)
Criminals who arent dangerous are often kept
under
.
5 Punishing criminals physically is not allowed in the
UK. (corporal)

of criminals is
not allowed in the UK.

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 Grammar
as long as, even if, providing that, unless
1 Complete the sentences with the words in bold,
including the correct forms of the verbs.

1
2

3
4
5

Show them your receipt; they wont give you a food box
unless you have one . (you / unless / have / one)
my bus fare, Ill help
with the fundraising activity. (they / providing that / pay)
Dad wont sell the house,
his job.
(he / even if / lose)
Theyll put up an apartment block here
. (we / unless / protest)
Your lawyer will help you
her the truth. (you / as long as / tell)
They cant park here,
in the building. (they / even if / live)

2 PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it has the

same meaning as the first. Use the word in bold.
1 If you arent in trouble, dont call your lawyer.
Dont call your lawyer
in trouble. (unless)
2 The case will be dismissed if they dont find new evidence.

,
the case will be dismissed. (providing)
3 If you agree to the rules, you can join the commune.
You can join the commune
to the rules. (as)
4 Theres no way the police will come if we call them.
The police
we call them.
(even)
5 They wont arrest you unless youve committed a crime.
They wont arrest you
a
crime. (not)

Conditionals
3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the
verbs in bold.
1 If the government was serious about fighting poverty,
(be) poor today.
nobody
2 If you
(not commit)
such a serious crime, they wouldnt have sent you to prison.
3 In our neighbourhood, if anybody ever
(need) help, we all give it to them.
4 If you pay the fine, you
(not go) to court.
5 If people hadnt protested, they
(not change) the law.
6 If I
(be) you, Id do some volunteer work.
38

4 PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it

has a similar meaning to the first.
1 They put up new houses, so we got a place to
live.
If they
.
2 Dont write on that wall or Ill call the police!
If
.
3 The authorities didnt warn us about the flood,
so we didnt protect our homes.
We
.
4 Unless you admit youre guilty, youll get a
bigger sentence.
If you
.

Conditionals with modals

5 Complete the text with be able to, can, cant,
could, didnt have to or must. You will use one
answer twice.

Home education
In many countries, if parents dont send their
children to school, they (1)
end up in court. But what happens if a child
adapt to school?
(2)
Wouldnt it be better for such children if they
go to school
(3)
and were taught at home? They would
spend more time on
(4)
their studies and learn according to their own
receive
needs if they (5)
lessons at home. In the UK, if people have children
provide
of school age, they (6)
them with suitable education. However, the parents
decide whether they will send
(7)
them to school or teach them at home.

6 PLUS Translate the sentences into your language.

1 If you saw the crime, you must tell the police.

2 We can change our society if we try hard.

3 In some countries, citizens have to vote if theres
an election.

4 If youd applied for the job, you might have got it.

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Wishes & regrets

7 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of
the verbs in the box.
bechoosehavehelpnot put upnot talk

1 I wish I
the blind
man to cross the road this morning.
2 If only everyone
food and a proper home.
3 Jan works in a shop, but she wishes she
a police officer.
4 Id love to see a real court case. If only they
me for jury service
soon.
5 If only they
that
ugly building in the centre of town.
6 I wish you
so
loudly!

8 PLUS Complete the wishes and regrets using your

own ideas about the subjects in bold.
1 (school lessons) If only
2 (world hunger) I wish
3 (my neighbourhood) I wish
4 (food banks) If only
5 (crime) If only
6 (poverty) I wish

Consolidation
9 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of

10
PLUS Find six mistakes in the dialogue. Write the

the verbs in bold.

corrections below in the order they appear.

1 If I

Gaia: If you had finished with that magazine, can I borrow it?
Pete: Sure, as long as you will give it back to me later. Im
doing an essay about an article in it.
Gaia: No problem. Whats the essay about?
Pete: Well, its about democracy today.
Gaia: If I would be you, Id watch this
interesting video with Russell Brand on
YouTube where he talks about
democracy.
Pete: Ive heard about that. Doesnt he
just say If I were you, I wont vote?
Gaia: No. He says that you support a
corrupt system, if you vote.
Thats why he doesnt vote.
Pete: It sounds interesting, but
I wont watch it providing
I finish my essay before
bedtime.

2
3
4

(be) the Prime Minister, I

(stop) corruption.
If only more people
(care) about
disabled people.
I wish there
(be) jobs for everyone.
If yesterdays storm
(not happen), the tree
(not fall) on the
roof.
If everybody
(help) at
tomorrows fundraising activity, nobody
(have to / do) too
much.
If you
(be able to
/ live) anywhere in the world, where
you
(choose)?

1
2
3
4
5
6

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 Listening
1 Check you know the meaning of the words in the box.
cost of livingencouragementtargetvouchers

0.00 Read the questions carefully and identify the

key words. Then listen to the radio programme and
choose the correct answers.
1 Rises in the cost of living have resulted in people
A
losing their jobs.
B
having lower salaries.
C
having to choose if theyll eat or keep warm.
2 Why was Amy Bridges arrested?
A
She didnt pay her bills.
B
She stole food to eat.
C
She stole from a food bank.
3 What is true about Amy?
A
Shes an unemployed police officer.
B
She helps people who cant afford to eat.
C
She still gets help from the food bank.
4 What did Amy receive at a food bank?
A
support, encouragement and food for four days
B
food for three days only
C
support, encouragement and food for three days
5 At the moment, there are poor people in the UK.
A
13,000,000
B
1,000,000 to 5,000,000
C
63,000,000
6 What target has the Trussell Trust set itself for the
future?
A
to persuade more people to volunteer
B
to open food banks in all UK towns
C
to create a network of food banks
7 The number of Trussell Trust food banks rose from 80 to
400 between
A
2011 and 2013.
B
2011 and 2012.
C
2012 and 2013.
8 Who is able to give vouchers to hungry people?
A
dietitians and social workers
B
doctors and social workers
C
dietitians, social workers and doctors
9 At which stage in the process do people receive food?
A
step two
B
step three
C
step four
10 During step five, people in need
A
visit other charity organisations.
B
are given food vouchers.
C
talk about their problems with food bank volunteers.

40

Pronunciation
0.00 Listen and put _ between words to show
where the pronunciation changes when words
are linked together. Then practise saying the
sentences.
1 Whatdoyoudoforaliving?
2 Wheredidyougethelp?
3 Tellthemwhatyouneed.
4 Whatasadstory!
5 Itstruepovertysincreasing.
6 Shelostherjoblastyear.

Dictation
4

0.00 Listen to the conversation and complete

the dialogue.
Jack: More and more food banks seem (1)
these days.
Sonja: Its hardly surprising when you consider
(2)
.
Jack: But I thought (3)
when people
serious
(4)
financial problems?
Sonja: Yes, in theory, but (5)
that many people dont always (6)
.
Jack: Thats true. Our neighbours said that if
for our local
(7)
food bank, they (8)
their two children
last year.
Sonja: I find it so sad (9)
.
They say thousands of children go to bed every night
hungry.
Jack: Seriously? Thats terrible! (10)
more to help.
Sonja: (11)
make a difference, (12)
at a food bank.

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 Speaking
Key communication

Exam task

0.00 Write 16 to put sentences AF in order. Then

listen and check your answers. Practise the dialogue.
A I see where youre coming from, but surely he would at least
have heard about other young people drinking?
B In my opinion, it definitely is. My granddad says that when he
was my age, he didnt know anyone who drank while underage.
C Well, to begin with, I think that underage drinking is
becoming a huge problem these days.
D Its hard to tell really. So we agree that underage drinking is
a huge problem today, but were not in agreement about it
being a bigger problem today than in the past.
E We mustnt forget that friends play a huge role in the
matter. Maybe your granddad didnt hang around with
people who had tried alcohol.
F Yes, I know what you mean. Most young people have drunk
alcohol at some point. Do you think its a bigger problem
than it was in the past, though?

Answer the questions.

1 What do you like about your local
community? Why?
2 Which facilities do you use most in your
area? Why?
3 Is crime a problem where you live? Why? /
Why not?
4 Do you feel safe in your area? Why? / Why
not?

Look at the photos and answer the

questions.

2 Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.

I know what you meanI thinklets agree on
We also have to consider the factWhat do you think

A: I think the photo that shows the poverty gap best is the one
of the well-dressed woman whos loaded with shopping
walking past the man begging with his two young children.
(1)
?
B: Yes, (2)
,
but I also think the photo with the slum housing in the
foreground and luxury skyscrapers in the background shows the
gap just as clearly.
A: (3)
the
first one is more effective, though, because it shows people
living in the same place, but who lead extremely different lives.
B: (4)
that
the poverty gap affects large numbers of people, and not just
one or two unfortunate people, though.
A: I know where youre coming from, but in my opinion, seeing
people makes a greater impression.
B: Youve got a point there. So (5)
the first photo then.

Write a dialogue between Javi and Julia discussing ideas

for how volunteers can help their local community, and
deciding which idea is best. Practise your dialogue.
Javi:
Julia:
Javi:
Julia:
Javi:
Julia:
Javi:
Julia:

KTBWB2_2p.indd 41

1 Compare and contrast the two pictures.

How important are these places to a local
community?
2 What other facilities are necessary in a
community? Why?

Work in groups of three. Student A

will ask Student B one of the questions
below and then ask Student C for his or her
opinion. Swap roles for each question.
1 Are there any changes or improvements
youd like to make to your community?
Why? / Why not?
2 Would you prefer to live in a close-knit
community or in a large city? Why?
3 Is vandalism tolerated where you live?
Why? / Why not?
4 What can be done to deal with underage
drinking?
5 What do you think is a fair punishment for
joyriding? Why?
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 Reading

The
Innocence
Project

DNA testing
brings
new light to
old cases

1 Read the text and write down who these

people are.
1 Betty Anne Waters
2 Barry Scheck

2 Read the text again and answer the questions

in your own words.

We have all heard the phrase innocent until proven guilty. When
suspects are accused of a crime, we should treat them as innocent until
we know for sure they are guilty of the crime. Theoretically, everyone
should have a fair trial and judges and juries are asked to keep an open
mind about all the evidence that is presented to them. But what happens
when innocent people are convicted by mistake?

In 1992, Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld set up the Innocence Project at
Yeshiva Universitys School of Law to address this issue. The projects chief
aim was, and is, to aid prisoners who have been convicted of a crime by
mistake to have their sentences changed. DNA testing, which was not
widely available in the past, can often now be used to prove a convicted
persons innocence.

Apart from taking on the cases of people who claim that they are
innocent, the Project also aims to inform the general public about the
justice system and its weaknesses. For example, they clearly explain the
causes of wrongful convictions. According to the Innocence Project,
75% of prisoners who have had their sentences changed following DNA
testing had been convicted due to being misidentified by witnesses.
Others were convicted on the grounds of scientific evidence which is
later proven to be incorrect. All too often, scientific tests are not carried
out properly, or their results are misrepresented in court. Furthermore,
25% of cases where the sentences were changed involved false
confessions by the defendant. The reasons why suspects admit to crimes
they have not committed can include not fully understanding the
charges, or sometimes even pleading guilty thinking that they can later
prove their innocence.

42

So, how successful is the Project? The Innocence Project run at Yeshiva
University has so far led to over 300 people proving that they didnt
commit the crime they were convicted of. Proving your innocence from
the inside of a prison cell can be a long and difficult process, however.
The film Conviction: The Incredible True Story of Betty Anne Waters shows
the tremendous struggle those fighting for freedom face. Betty Anne
fought for years to prove that her brother Kenny Waters was not guilty
of murdering a neighbour. In her first letter to the Innocence Project, she
explains how her familys bad reputation in the town where they lived led
to her brother becoming the most likely suspect for this horrific crime.
With the help of the Innocence Project, Betty Anne managed to get
Kennys conviction changed eighteen years after his original sentence.
The work done by the Innocence Project has shown that there are
problems in legal and justice systems. Scheck and Neufeld hope not
only to free innocent people, but to fix systems that allow wrongful
convictions to take place. Consequently, they have also gone to great
lengths to propose reforms to the legal system that are necessary to
ensure innocent people are not sent to prison in the future.

1 What is the main goal of the Innocence Project?

2 What have a quarter of people who have been
accused by mistake done?

3 What is the film mentioned about?

4 Who have suggested changes to the legal
systems?

3 Write T (true) or F (false) for 14. Explain your

answers.
1 75% of all defendants are convicted after being
identified by witnesses.


2 Not understanding the charges is the only reason
why innocent people admit to committing a
crime.


3 Kenny Waters spent eighteen years in jail before
being proved innocent.

4 Choose the correct meanings for the words

from the text.
1 trial
A
court case B
test
2 innocent
A
simple, childlike B
not guilty
3 grounds
A
basis B
earth, floor
4 face
A
admit B
confront

5 The letter c can have a hard sound /k/ or a soft

sound /s/. Write /k/ or /s/ to show which sound
c has in these words. Which word has both
sounds?
1 innocence
2 suspects
3 accused

4 convicted
5 justice
6 successful

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 Writing
1 Read the statement in the essay title. Write whether
the writer agrees or disagrees with the statement,
and give evidence from their essay.

Think and plan

5 Find the key words in the writing task. Then
complete the table with your ideas.
The advantages of community service are greater
than the disadvantages. Discuss.

Welfare benefits encourage people

not to work. Discuss.
1

The welfare state provides citizens with money

and other benefits when they cannot find work.
Nowadays, it appears many people rely on these
benefits long-term. The question is, do people choose
not to work because of these benefits?
On the one hand, some people take advantage of the
system and believe the state has to make sure they
live comfortably. For this reason, as long as they
have income from the state they do not try to find
work or become financially independent.
On the other hand, many people need state help
through no fault of their own, as they are unable to
work. In addition, many people claim benefits for a
short period of time and do everything they can to
become independent again.
In conclusion, despite the fact that there will always
be people who abuse the system, most people only
use benefits as a temporary solution. In most cases,
benefits do not encourage people not to work.

Text analysis
2 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 (Paragraph 2) Which phrase could be replaced with
providing that or if?
2 (Paragraph 3) What is the purpose of this paragraph?


3 (Paragraph 4) Find a conditional sentence. Which
conditional is used?

Writing skills
3 In the model essay, which phrases are used to:
1 add points?
2 show results?
3 show contrast?

Community service
Advantages

Disadvantages

6 Answer the questions.

1


2






3

What will you do in Paragraph 1?

Which ideas from exercise 5 will you include in:

Paragraph 2?

Paragraph 3?

What will your conclusion be in Paragraph 4?

Write and check

7 Read your ideas in Think and plan again and write a
rough version of your essay. Then check these points
and write a neat version.
Do you
rephrase the statement in the introduction?
present both sides of the argument?
use linking phrases where necessary?

Key phrases
There are both advantages and disadvantages,
however,
One benefit / negative effect is
In my opinion, the advantages / disadvantages are
greater than / outweigh

4 What other phrases could the writer have used?

Addition:
Result:
Contrast:

KTBWB2_2p.indd 43

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