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    Public Health Care in Action

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    This document contains a student's written assessment on primary health care. It addresses three questions on social determinants of health and how they relate to primary health care. For question one, it discusses how factors like social support networks, employment conditions, and access to healthcare resources influence individual health. Question two examines social determinants that contribute to high rates of family violence among Aboriginal Australians, such as alcohol abuse, cultural silence, and lack of social support. Question three defines the six principles of primary health care according to the WHO, and gives examples of how communities have applied principles of health promotion, cultural sensitivity, and equitable access to address issues of family violence.

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    Public Health Care in Action

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    SceneCalf
    44 views6 pages
    This document contains a student's written assessment on primary health care. It addresses three questions on social determinants of health and how they relate to primary health care. For question one, it discusses how factors like social support networks, employment conditions, and access to healthcare resources influence individual health. Question two examines social determinants that contribute to high rates of family violence among Aboriginal Australians, such as alcohol abuse, cultural silence, and lack of social support. Question three defines the six principles of primary health care according to the WHO, and gives examples of how communities have applied principles of health promotion, cultural sensitivity, and equitable access to address issues of family violence.

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    Public Health Care for nurses

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    This document contains a student's written assessment on primary health care. It addresses three questions on social determinants of health and how they relate to primary health care. For question one, it discusses how factors like social support networks, employment conditions, and access to healthcare resources influence individual health. Question two examines social determinants that contribute to high rates of family violence among Aboriginal Australians, such as alcohol abuse, cultural silence, and lack of social support. Question three defines the six principles of primary health care according to the WHO, and gives examples of how communities have applied principles of health promotion, cultural sensitivity, and equitable access to address issues of family violence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    44 views6 pages

    Public Health Care in Action

    Uploaded by

    SceneCalf
    This document contains a student's written assessment on primary health care. It addresses three questions on social determinants of health and how they relate to primary health care. For question one, it discusses how factors like social support networks, employment conditions, and access to healthcare resources influence individual health. Question two examines social determinants that contribute to high rates of family violence among Aboriginal Australians, such as alcohol abuse, cultural silence, and lack of social support. Question three defines the six principles of primary health care according to the WHO, and gives examples of how communities have applied principles of health promotion, cultural sensitivity, and equitable access to address issues of family violence.

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    of 6

    Primary Health Care in Action

    ASSIGNMENT 2
    Written Assessment

    SATTAM BIN ZAID


    Student ID 17845869

    Question 1

    Social Determinants of Health are factors in an individuals life that come into play because
    of the society and the environment around which an individual spends most of his life.
    Although a persons health is most affected by his personal lifestyle choices such as food
    habits, physical activity, use of sedatives, etc., the social and community influences play the
    second most important role (Dahlgren G, 1991). Major determinants identified include Health
    Services and Resources, Health Practices and Coping Skills, Healthy Child Development,
    Social Support Networks, Employment and Working Conditions, Social Environments,
    Physical Environments, etc. (Clendon, 2015). Health Services and Resources is the term
    given to the resources available to individuals through public sector expenditure. Various
    countries spend different percentages of their GDP on development and maintenance of
    health resources, such as medical practitioners, nursing homes, health clinics, diagnostic
    centres, etc. In many cases efficient use of resources ensures better services. Social Support
    Networks, on the other hand, refer to the support one gets from the community in the form of
    assistance in employment, healthcare, emotional support, etc. Closely knit communities
    globally demonstrate healthier members irrespective of their financial conditions. Social
    inclusion, it is observed, keeps people satisfied with their lives and the incidence of diseases
    specially the mental ones is very low. In case of Employment and Working Conditions,
    researches show how better and equitable treatment at workplaces keeps one healthy. PHC is
    heavily dependent on the SDH necessitating adequate public and private resources to be spent
    making them better.

    Question 2

    Social determinants of health (SDH) has been identified as major factors in shaping the
    overall health of the members of a community. Detailed studies of various groups of people
    all over of the world have revealed startling correlations between hostile social conditions
    and adverse health indicators. It has been documented that Aboriginal women face as much
    as six times higher risk of family violence as compared to other Australians. Searching for the
    reasons for this sad observation has exposed at least three major Social Determinants of
    Health common in the Aboriginal communities.
    First Social determinant of health was the excessive consumption of alcohol. It was observed
    that alcohol addiction was instrumental in turning incidents of domestic arguments into
    violent disputes often culminating in the murder of the weaker member. The second
    determinant was identified as the prevailing culture of silence in the society. The cultural
    taboo against speaking about the dead, which in this case are the victims of family violence,
    inhibits the investigation and provision of justice to the aggrieved. The victims are not to be
    discussed about and so chances of similar violent events happening again remain high. The
    third determinant was the absence of appropriate Social Support Networks among the
    communities. Members of the community have started to create social support networks to
    help males grow and develop their understanding of family violence changing their
    behaviour. Similar networks were also needed helping females to be more assertive and
    organised in order to report such incidents to authorities.

    Question 3

    Primary Health Care (PHC) is defined by WHO as the necessary health care that is not only
    acceptable socially but is also based on scientifically sound principles using a technology that
    is available to individuals and groups at an affordable price. (www.who.int, 1978) There are
    six principles of PHC. First is Equitable access to health care which focuses on accessibility
    of appropriate health care to all irrespective of their financial position. Second is Appropriate
    technology whereby stress is placed on appropriate technology provided by the right people
    cost effectively. (Besner, 2004) Third principle of PHC, Health promotion, focuses on
    disease prevention by using education to make people healthier. Fourth is Cultural
    sensitivity which emphasises on being sensitive to the patients culture and lifestyle. Fifth is
    Inter-sectoral collaboration which involves all sectors to communicate in order to improve
    health. Sixth Principle is Community participation that aims to empower people to partner
    with other stakeholders. (Anne McMurray, 2010)
    As observed in the video (www.sbs.com.au, 2015), communities were handling the issue of
    family violence using identifed Principles of PHC. Community activists endeavoured to
    remove barriers to equitable access to healthcare by giving voice and visibility to the victims
    of family violence. The concerned activists follow the principle of Cultural Sensitivity while
    helping the communities to decrease the incidences of violence. The PHC principle of Health
    Promotion is followed when the male members of the Indigenous people are educated on the
    issue of family violence and the female members are educated on the need to speak up.
    (Dahlgren, 1991)

    POSTER

    REFERENCES
    (1978). Retrieved April 7, 2016, from www.who.int:
    http://www.who.int/publications/almaata_declaration_en.pdf
    (2015, july 28). Retrieved April 7, 2016, from www.sbs.com.au:
    http://www.sbs.com.au/news/thefeed/story/violence-getting-worse-indigenouswomen-speak-about-family-violence
    Anne McMurray, J. C. (2010). Community Health and Wellness: Primary Health Care in
    Practice. Elsevier Australia.
    Besner, J. (2004, October). Nurses role in advancing primary health care: a call to action.
    Primary Health Care Research and Development Vol 5 Issue 4, pp. pp 351-358.
    Clendon, M. (2015). Community Health and Wellness: Primary Health Care in Practice.
    Elsevier Australia.
    Dahlgren, G. a. (1991). Policies and Strategies to promote Social Equity in Health.
    Stockholm, Sweden: Institute for Futures Studies.

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