An International Perspective On Cyber Crime

An International Perspective on
Cyber Crime
An International perspective on cyber

crime
Cyber crime is becoming ever more
serious.
Findings
from
the
2002
Computer Crime and Security Survey

show an upward trend that demonstrates
a need for a timely review of existing
approaches
to
fighting
this
new
phenomenon in the information age. In

this paper, we provide an overview of
cybercrime and present an international
perspective on fighting cybercrime. We
review
current
status
of
fighting
cybercrime in different countries, which
rely
on
legal,
technological
recommend
organizational,
and
approaches,
and
four
directions
for
governments, lawmakers, intelligence

and law enforcement agencies, and
researchers to combat cybercrime.
Within Country Strategy
The United States, to protect the interests
of internet businesses, the U.S. Congress
has created new laws to regulate
activities on the internet. With the first
digital signature law in the world, the
U.S. has established a number of
regulations on cybercrime, such as the

National Infrastructure Protection Act
of 1996, the Cyberspace Electronic
Security Act of 1999 and the Patriot
Act of 2001. In addition a number of
agencies have set up in the U.S. to fight
against cybercrime, including the FBI,
National
Infrastructure
Protection
Center, National White Collar Center,

Computer
Hacking
and
Intellectual
Property Unit of the Doj, and so on. The

FBI has set up special technical units and
developed Carnivore.
England two cyber crimes related Acts
have
been
passed
by
the
British
parliament: the Data Protection Act of

1984 and the Computer Misuse Act of
1990. The former one deals with actual
procurement and use of personal data
while the latter defines the laws,
procedures and penalties surrounding
unauthorized entry into computers. The
British
government
has
applied
technologies of filtering and rating to

protect
manors
from
inappropriate
material on the Web.

Canada in 2001, the Canadian parliament
passed the Criminal Law Amendment
Act that has tow sections. The first
section defines unlawful entry into a
computer system and interception of

transmissions.
criminalizes
The
the
second
actual
section
destruction,
alteration, or interruption of data.

The
Kenya
Communications
(Amendment) Act was passed by the

Kenyan Parliament and signed into law
by the President on January 2. The Act
includes legislation on cybercrime in
Sections 83 W-Z and 84 A- F on:
unauthorized access to computer data,
access with intent to commit offences,
unauthorized access to and interception
of
computer
modification
service,
of
unauthorized
computer
material,
damaging or denying access to computer

system,
unauthorized
passwords,
unlawful
disclosure
of
possession
of
devices and data, electronic fraud,

tampering
with
computer
source
documents, and publishing of obscene

information in electronic form.
In Norway a Bill on a new Criminal
Law (2008-2009) has in 202 introduced
a provision on identity theft, using the
term Identity Infringements that reads as
follows:With a fine or imprisonment
not exceeding 2 years shall whoever be
punished,
that
without
authority
possesses of a means of identity of
another, or acts with the identity of

another or with an identity that easily
may be confused with the identity of
another person, with the intent of a)
procuring an economic benefit for
oneself or for another person, or b)
causing
loss
of
property
or
inconvenience to another person. The

Norwegian Parliament (Stortinget) has
on May 28 adopted the New Penal Code,
including
several
provisions
cybercrime.
Cyber law in United Kingdom
on
The Police and Justice Act 2006 Chapter

48 declares the amendments of the
Computer Misuse Act 1990, Part 5
sections 35 to 38. The new amendments
came into force on October 1, 2008.
5.4 Cyber law in Republic of India
The Indian Government has in 2003
announced plans on a comprehensive
law for cybercrimes.66.Hacking with
computer system.
(i) Whoever with the intent to cause
or knowing that he is likely to cause
wrongful loss or damage to the public or
any person destroys or deletes or alters
any information residing in a computer

resource or demises its value or utility or
affects it injuriously by any means,
commits hack.
(ii) Whoever commits hacking shall
be punished with imprisonment up to
three years, or with fine which may
extend up to two lac rupees, or with
both.
5.5 Cyber law in People's Republic of
China
In China many cybercrime issues are
covered in laws and regulations that
refers to Internet related crimes. The two
most important organizations responsible

for internal and external security are the
Public
Security
Bureau
(PSB),
responsible for the internal security, and

the Ministry State Security (MSS),
which handles external security. The
responsibilities of the Public Security
Bureau (PSB) are formally codified in
Computer Information Network and
Internet
Security,
Protection
and
Management Regulations, approved by

the State Council, December 11, 1997,
and published December 30, 1997.
Article 285 says whoever violates state
regulations and intrudes into computer
systems within formation concerning

state affairs, construction of defense
facilities, and sophisticated science and
technology is be sentenced to not more
than
three
years
of
fixed-term
imprisonment or criminal detention.

Article 286 says whoever violates states
regulations and deletes alters, ads, and
interference in computer information
systems, causing abnormal operations of
the systems and grave consequences, is
to be sentenced to not more than five
years of fixed-term imprisonment or
criminal
detention;
when
the
consequences are particularly serious,
the sentence is to be not less than five

years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever violates state regulations and
deletes, alters, or adds the data or
application programs installed in or
processed
and
transmitted
by
the
computer systems, and causes grave

consequences,
is
to
be
punished
according to the preceding paragraph.

Whoever
deliberately
creates
and
propagates computer virus and other

programs which sabotage the normal
operation of the computer system and
cause grave consequences is to be
punished
according
to
the
first
paragraph.
Article 287 says whoever uses a
computer for financial fraud, theft,
corruption, misappropriation of public
funds, stealing state secrets, or other
crimes is to be convicted and punished
according to relevant regulations of this
law.
5.6 Cyber law in United States of
America
President Barack Obama has directed the
National
Security
and
Homeland
Security Advisors to conduct a review of
the
plan,
programs,
and
activities
underway throughout the government

dedicated to cyber security, including
new regulations to combat cybercrime.
US Vice President Joe Biden gave a
presentation
at
Conference
on
the
45th
Security
Munich
Policy
on
February 7, 2010. Among many issues

he emphasized the need to tackle
terrorism and cyber-security.

An International Perspective On Cyber Crime

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

An International Perspective On Cyber Crime

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

An International Perspective On Cyber Crime

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

An International Perspective on

An International perspective on cyber

Computer Crime and Security Survey

phenomenon in the information age. In

cybercrime in different countries, which

governments, lawmakers, intelligence

regulations on cybercrime, such as the

Center, National White Collar Center,

Property Unit of the Doj, and so on. The

parliament: the Data Protection Act of

technologies of filtering and rating to

material on the Web.

computer system and interception of

alteration, or interruption of data.

(Amendment) Act was passed by the

damaging or denying access to computer

devices and data, electronic fraud,

documents, and publishing of obscene

possesses of a means of identity of

another, or acts with the identity of

inconvenience to another person. The

The Police and Justice Act 2006 Chapter

any information residing in a computer

most important organizations responsible

responsible for the internal security, and

Management Regulations, approved by

systems within formation concerning

imprisonment or criminal detention.

consequences are particularly serious,

the sentence is to be not less than five

computer systems, and causes grave

according to the preceding paragraph.

propagates computer virus and other

Security Advisors to conduct a review of

underway throughout the government

February 7, 2010. Among many issues

You might also like