SRM UNIVERSITY, KATTANKULATHUR

SRM NAGAR
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME1036 DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

TUTORIAL NOTE BOOK

SUBJECT CODE AND TITLE:

SEMESTER AND YEAR:

NAME OF STUDENT:

DEPARTMENT:

INDEX
S.NO. DATE

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT

Review questions on flat belt drive

Review questions on v belt drive

Review questions on wire ropes and
pulleys

Review questions on chain drives

4
Review questions on spur gear
5
Review questions on helical gear
6
Review questions on bevel gears
7
Review questions on worm gears
8
Review questions on gear box
9
Review questions on bearings
10
Review questions on clutches
11
Review questions on brakes
12

SIGN

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF FLAT BELT DRIVE

PART A
1.

Enumerate the various types of belts used for the transmission of power.

2.

What are the materials used in flat belts.

3.

Explain the following terms: (i) velocity ratio (ii) slip and (iii) creep in belts.

4.

What is the effect of centrifugal tension on power transmission by a flat belt?

5.

What will be the effect on the limiting ratio of tensions of a belt if the coefficient of friction between belt
and rim of pulley is doubled while angle of lap remains the same?

6.

What is the purpose of having an idler pulley in belt drive?

7.

List out the losses in belt drives.

8.

What are the various stresses set up in a belt?

9.

What is the effect of centre distance and diameter of pulley on the life of a belt?

10. What is crowning of pulleys?

11. Name the types of transmission belts.

12. What are the advantages of flat belts?

13. What are the different types of flat belt drives?

14. What is meant by a ply in a flat belt?

15. What is wipping? How it can be avoided in belt drive?

16. What are the materials used for belt drive?

17. What are the factors on which the coeffiect of friction between the belt and pulley depend?

PART B
Problems on design of FLAT belt drive using manufacturer's data:
1. It is required to select a flat-belt drive to connect two transmission shafts rotating at 800 and 400 r.p.m.
respectively. The centre-to-centre distance between the shafts is approximately 3 m and the belt drive is
open type. The power transmitted by the belt is 30 kW. Also select preferred pulley diameters and specify
the belt.

2. Design a fabric belt to transmit 15 kW at 480 r.p.m. from an engine to a line shaft at 1200 r.p.m. The
diameter of engine pulley is 600 mm and centre distance between the pulleys is 2 m.

3. A belt is to transmit 25 kW at 720 r.p.m. to a rolling machine with a speed ratio of 3. Centre distance
between the pulleys is 2.8 m. Design a suitable belt drive if the rolling machine pulley diameter is 0.9 m.

4. Design a fabric belt to transmit 7.5 kW at 8 r.p.s. of an engine to a line shaft at 22 r.p.s. Engine pulley
diameter is 550 mm and centre distance is 2 m.

Problems on design of FLAT belt drive using design equation:

1. Design a rubber belt to drive a dynamo generating 20 kW at 2250 r.p.m: and fitted with a pulley 200 mm
diameter. Assume dynamo efficiency to be 85%.
Allowable stress for belt material = 2.1 N/mm2
Density of rubber = 1000 kg/m3
Angle of contact for dynamo pulley = 165
Coefficient of friction between belt and pulley = 0.3

2. A leather belt 125 mm wide and 6 mm thick, transmits power from a pulley with the angle of lap 150 and =
0.3. If the mass of 1 m3 of leather is 1Mg and the stress in the belt is not to exceed 2.75 MPa, find the maximum
power that can be transmitted and the corresponding speed of the belt.

3. In a belt drive, the tension ratio is 2.6. The mass of the belt is 1 kg/m length. It runs at a speed of 5 m/s and at this
speed, power transmitted is 8 k W. What should be the initial tension in the belt and what should be the strength of
the belt?

4. A 2.5 kW of power is transmitted by a open belt drive. The linear velocity of the belt is 2.5 m/s. The angle of lap
on the smaller pulley is 165. The coefficient of friction is 0.3. Determine the effect on power transmission in the
following cases:
(i) Initial tension in the belt is increased by 8%,
(ii) Initial tension ill the belt is decreased by 8%,
(iii) Angle of lap is increased by 8% by the use of all idler pulley, for the same speed and the tension on the tight
side, and
(iv) Coefficient of 'friction is increased by 8% by suitable dressing to tile friction surface of tile belt. Also state
which of the above methods suggested could be more effective?

5. The layout of a crossed leather belt drive is shown in Fig. 1.16. The belt, 6 mm thick, transmits 7.5 kW and
operates at a velocity of 13 m/s approximately. The coefficient of friction is 0.3 and the permissible tensile stress for
the belt material is 1.75 N/mm2. The density of leather is 0.95 gm/cc. Calculate: (i) the diameter of pulleys; (ii) the
length and width of the belt; and (iii) belt tensions on the tight and loose sides. Take length of the belt, 1% less to
give initial tension.

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF V BELT DRIVE

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of V-belt drive when compared with flat belt
drive?

2. Why slip is less in the case of V-belts when compared with flat belts?

3. Why V-belts are preferred than flat belts?

4. What are the materials used in V-belts?

5. How can you specify a V-belt?

6. What are the materials used for sheaves (or V-grooved pulleys)?

7. Write an engineering brief about (a) Ribbed V-belts, and (b) Timing belts.

8. What type of belt would you prefer if the centre distance between the pulleys is small?

9. State reasons for V-belt drive being preferred to flat belt drive?

10. Why slip is less in the case of V-belts when compared with flat belts?

11. The included angle for V-belt groove is usually between _____ and _____degrees.
12. The included angle for the V-belt is usually _____
13. What are the different cross sections of a V-belt?

14. How can you specify (or designate) V-belts?

15. How will you determine the number of belts required in the design of V-belt drives?

16. What is a 'V-flat' drives?

17. What are the materials used for V-grooved pulleys?

Problems on design of V-belt drive using manufacturer's data:

1. 60 kW of power at 720 r.p.m. is to be transmitted to a compressor shaft at 300 r.p.m. by

V-belts. Diameter of larger pulley is approximately 1500 mm. Approximate centre
distance is 1650 mm. Overload factor is 1.5. Design the V-belt drive.

2. A 30 kW, 1440 r.p.m. motor is to drive a compressor by means of V-belts. The diameters
of pulleys are 220 mm and 750 mm. The centre distance between the compressor and
motor is 1400 mm. Design a suitable drive.

3. Select a V-belt drive for transmitting 1.5 kW from a motor running at 1450 r.p.m. to a
blower at 300 r.p.m. in an air conditioning plant. The centre distance should be at least
1.5 times the diameter of the larger pulley. Diameter of motor pulley is 300 mm.

4. Design a V-belt drive to transmit 10 kW at 400 r.p.m. The speed ratio is 3. The distance
between the pulley centers is 600 mm. The drive is for a crusher.

Problems on design of V-belt drive using basic equations:

1. Two shafts whose centers are 1 m apart are connected by a V-belt drive. The driving
pulley is supplied with 10 kW and has an effective diameter of 300 r.p.m. It runs at 1000
r.p.m. while the driven pulley runs at 375 r.p.m. The angle of groove on the pulley is 40.
The permissible tension in 400 mm2 cross-sectional area of belt is 2.1 MPa. The density
of the belt is 1100 kg/m3. = 0.3. Estimate the number of belts required. [Ans: I0 belts]

2. An engine of 25 kW, has a speed of 650 r.p.m. It has to drive an electric generator at
1500 r.p.m. by means of V-belts. Diameter of pulley on the engine is 600 mm and the
centre to centre distance between the shafts is 3 metre. Groove angle of the pulley is 30
and the coefficient of friction is 0.25. If the maximum safe strength of the belt is 500 N,
determine the number of V-belts required for the drive. Neglect the belt thickness, and
assume the open drive. [Ans: 3 belts]

3. A belt drive consists of two V-belts in parallel, on grooved pulleys of the same size. The
angle of groove is 30. The cross-sectional area of each belt is 750 mm2 and = 0.12. The
density of the belt material is 1.2 Mg/m3 and maximum safe stress in the material is 7
MPa. Calculate the power that can be transmitted between pulleys 300 mm diameter
rotating at 1500 r.p.m. Find also the shaft speed in r.p.m. at which the power transmitted
would be a maximum. [Ans: 171.75 kW ; 2809 r.p.m.]

4. Power is transmitted using a V-bclt drive. The included angle of V-groove is 30. The
belt is 20 mm deep and maximum width is 20 mm. If the mass of the belt is 0.35 kg per
meter length and maximum allowable stress is 1.4 MPa, determine the maximum power
transmitted when the angle of lap is 140. = 0.15. [Ans: 6.53 kW]

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF WIRE ROPES AND PULLEYS

1. When do you prefer a wire rope drive?

2. What are the applications of wire ropes?

3. What are the advantages of a wire rope when compared with chains and fibre ropes?

4. How are wire ropes designated?

5. How can you specify a wire rope? What do you understand by 6 x 17 construction in wire
ropes?

6. Give the application of the following wire ropes:

(a) 6x7rope; (b) 6x 19 rope, and (c) 6x37rope.

7. Distinguish regular-lay and lang-lay ropes.

8. Explain the various stresses induced in the wire ropes.

9. How can you select a wire rope sheave or drum for the given wire rope?

10. What is the meaning of wire designation 6 x 12/6/1

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF WIRE ROPES:

1. A crane lifts a load of 18 kN through a wire rope and hook. The weight of the hook is 10
kN. The load is to be lifted with an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2, Design the rope drive
assuming drum diameter as 30 times the rope diameter, ultimate stress of the wire
material as 1800 N/mm2 and Young's modulus as 0.8 x 105 N/mm2

2. Design a wire rope for an elevator in a building 60 m high and for a total load of 20 kN.
The speed of the elevator is 4 m/sec and the full speed is reached in 10 secs.

3. Select a wire rope for a vertical mine hoist to lift load of 55KN from a depth of 350
meters. A rope speed of 600mm/min is to be attained in 20 seconds.

4. Select a suitable wire rope to lift 1 tonne of debris from a well of 50 m deep. The weight
of the bucket is 3000 N. The weight is being lifted with a maximum speed of 3 m/sec and
the maximum speed is attained in 1 sec. Determine also the stress induced in the rope due
to starting with an initial slack of 0.2 m.

5. Select a wire rope for a vertical mine hoist to lift 12000 kN of ore in each 8-hr shift from
a depth of 800 m. Assume a two compartment shaft with the hoisting skips in balance.
Use a minimum velocity of 12.5 m/s with acceleration and deceleration of 15 sec each
and a rest period of 10 sec for discharging and loading the skips. A hoisting skip weighs
approximately 0.6 of its load capacity.

6. Select a wire rope for the elevator in a building where the total lift is 180 m. The rope
velocity is 4.5 mls and the full speed is to be attained in 12 m. The lifting sheaves are of
the traction type. The weight of the elevator cage is 15 kN and the weight of passengers is
10 kN.

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF CHAIN DRIVES

1. When do you prefer a chain drive to a belt of rope drive?

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of chain drive.

3. Write the applications of chain drive.

4. Classify the chains.

5. Write short notes on link chains.

6. How can you specify a link chain?

7. How can you specify a roller chain?

8. Write an engineering brief about the chordal action of a chain drive.

9. In chain drives, the sprocket has odd number of teeth and the chain has even number of
links. Why?

10. Distinguish short link and long link chains.

11. What are the materials used for making chains and sprockets?

12. Write short notes on sprocket wheels.

13. What is a silent chain? In what situations, silent chains are preferred?

14. List out the advantages and disadvantages of silent chains.

15. Explain the construction of silent chains

16. What are the possible ways by which a chain drive may fail?

17. What is back sliding in chain drives?

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION CHAINS

1. Design a chain drive to actuate a compressor from 15 kW electric motor at 1000
r.p.m. the compressor running at 550 rpm. Minimum centre distance is 550 mm. The
chain tension may be adjusted by shifting the motor on rails. The compressor is to
work 8 hours/day.

2. Design a roller chain to transmit power from a 7.5 kW motor to a reciprocating pump.
The pump is to operate continuously 24 hours per day. The speed of the motor is
1450 r.p.m. and that of the pump is 600 rpm. The motor can be located at a distance
not less than 700 mm.

3. Design a chain drive to run a compressor from a 11 kW electric motor running at

1000 r.p.m., the compressor speed being 350 r.p.m. The compressor operates 3 shifts
a day. The centre distance should be approximately 600 mm. The chain tension can
be adjusted by shifting the motor on slides.

4. A 15 kW squirrel cage motor, 250 r.p.m. is driving a centrifugal pump at 550 r.p.m.
The centrifugal pump is located at 700 mm from the motor. Design a chain drive and
draw the arrangement.

5. Select a suitable chain to transmit 50 kW at 900 r.p.m. of the sprocket pinion. A speed
reduction of 2.5 : 1 is desired. The driving motor is mounted on an adjustable base.
The load is steady, the drive is horizontal and the service is 16 hours a day.

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF SPUR GEAR

1. State the advantages and limitations of gear drive over belt and chain drives

2. Why is gear drive known as direct and positive drive?

3. How can you classify gears? What different types of teeth are used in gears?

4. Make a neat sketch of a gear and indicate the terminology used for it.

5. Explain the following terms: (i) module, (ii) pressure angle, (iii) circular pitch, and
(iv) pitch point.

6. State the law of gearing.

7. Write an engineering brief about various forms of gear tooth profile.

8. List out the gear materials used.

9. Write short notes on gear manufacturing.

10. Explain the two modes of gear failures.

11. Deduce the expressions for tangential and radial components of tooth force in a spur
gear.

12. Deduce the Lewis equation for beam strength.

13. What are the assumptions made in deriving Lewis equation?

14. Why is a gear tooth subjected to dynamic loading?

15. What is Lewis form factor?

16. Write the Buckingham's equation for dynamic load and expression for limiting wear load.

17. Why pinion is made stronger than gear?

18. Discuss the design procedure of spur gears recommended by AGMA.

19. How can you calculate the equivalent number of loading cycles when gears are subjected
to variable loading?

20. Explain the design procedure of internal gears.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF HELICAL GEAR

1. What are the advantages of helical gears over spur gears?

2. What is the major disadvantage of single helical gear? How can you overcome that
difficulty?

3. Differentiate the following terms with respect to helical gears:

(i)
Transverse circular pitch; (ii) Normal circular pitch; and (iii) Axial pitch.

4. What is virtual number of teeth in helical gears?

5. Differentiate helical and herringbone gears.

6. What are the components of resultant forces acting on a gear tooth of a helical gear?
Deduce the expressions of it.

7. Write the expressions for beam strength, dynamic load, and limiting wear load for helical
gears and explain the various terms used in it.

8. What is a spiral gear? What hands of helix are used?

9. Why is the crossed helical gear drive not used for power transmission?

10. Deduce the expression for centre distance of spiral gears.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF HELICAL GEARS

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF BEVEL GEARS

1. Under what situation bevel gears are used

2. How are the bevel gears classified? Explain with sketches.

3. What do you mean by spiral bevel gear? What is its advantage over straight bevel gear?

4. What is a zero bevel gear

5. What is hypoid gear? Why is it used in automobiles?

6. Differentiate an angular gear and a mitre gear

7. With neat sketch, explain the nomenclature of straight bevel gear.

8. Differentiate the following terms with respect to bevel gears:

a. Pitch angle
b. Tip angle c. Root angle d. Addendum angle

9. What virtual number of teeth of bevel gear refers to?

10. Write step by step procedure for the design of bevel gears.

e. Dedundum angle.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF BEVEL GEARS

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF BEVEL GEARS

1. Under what situation worm gear drives are used?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of worm gear drives?

3. What is irreversibility in worm gear drives?

4. What are single-enveloping and double-enveloping worm drives?

5. How can you specify a pair of worm gears?

6. Define the following terms used in worm gearing: (a) Axial pitch; (b) Lead; (c) Lead
angle; and (d) Helix angle.

7. What are the various forces acting on a worm and worm gear? Deduce the expressions of
them.

8. Differentiate self-locking and overrunning drives.

9. Write the expressions for beam strength, dynamic load, and limiting wear load for worm
and worm gears and explain the various terms used in it.

10. Write an engineering brief about the thermal calculations in worm gearing.

11. Why is the efficiency of a worm gear drive comparatively low?

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF WORM GEARS

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF GEAR BOX

1. What situations demand use of gear boxes?

2. What are the requirements of a speed gear box?

3. The speeds in machine tool gear boxes are in geometric progression. Why?

4. What are preferred numbers?

5. Explain briefly the term 'progression ratio'.

6. Write an engineering brief on :

(i)
Kinematic layout of gear box; and (ii) Ray diagram.

7. Write the significance of structural formula.

8. Differentiate ray diagram and structural diagram

9. List out the basic rules to be followed for optimum gear box design.

10. Write the step by step procedure to design the gear box.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF GEAR BOX SPEED DIAGRAM, NO. OF TEETH

CALCULATION, MESHING ARRANGEMENT.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF GEAR BOX STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM, RAY

DIAGRAM

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF BEARINGS

1. What is a bearing? Mention its purposes.

2. Classify the types of bearings?

3. What is a journal bearing?

4. List the classification of journal bearing.

5. What is zero film bearing?

6. What is critical pressure in journal bearing?

7. List the important physical characteristic of a good bearing material.

8. List out the important properties required for sliding contact bearing materials.

9. Name any four frictions in sliding contact bearings.

10. What are the properties required for journal bearing materials.

11. Why are ball and roller bearings called antifriction bearing?

12. What are the types of rolling contact bearings?

13. Write any two types of sliding contact bearings.

14. Differentiate between sliding contact and rolling contact type of bearings

15. Draw the nomenclature of a journal bearing with simple sketch.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF BEARINGS

1. Select a deep groove ball bearing to operate at 1300 rpm and carries radial load of 6 KN
and tangential load of 4.5 kN. The bearing is subjected to a light shock load. Identify the
rating life of the bearing.

2. Select a suitable ball bearing for a drilling machine spindle of diameter 40 mm, rotating
at 3000 rpm. It is subjected to a radial load of 2000 N and axial thrust of 1000 N. It is to
work for 45 hours a week for one year.

3. A journal bearing is proposed for a steam engine. The load on the journal is 3kN,
diameter 50mm, length 75 mm, speed 1600 rpm, diametral clearance 0.001 mm, ambient
temperature 15.5C oil SAEIO is used and film temperature is 60C. Design the bearing.

4. Design a suitable ball bearing for an axial flow compressor to carry a radial load of 2.5
kN and a thrust load of 1.3 kN. The service imposes a light shock with shock factor
1.5and bearing will be in use for 3 5 hours per week for four years. The speed of shaft in
900 rpm and diameter of shaft is 45 mm. Assume X = 0.56 and Y = 1.4.

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF CLUTCHES

1. What are the functions of a clutch?

2. Enumerate the various types of clutches.

3. Write an engineering brief about the friction materials used in clutches.

4. List out the required qualities of a good friction material.

5. Explain the working of a single plate clutch.

6. Explain the working of a multiplate clutch and explain how the number of plates are
calculated in the multiplate clutch.

7. Which of the two assumptions - uniform intensity of pressure or uniform rate of wear.
would you make use of in describing clutch and why?

8. Explain the working of a centrifugal clutch.

9. Why service factor must be considered while designing a clutch?

10. The semi-cone angle in cone clutches is normally taken as 2.5. Why?

11. Contrast internal expanding and external contracting rim clutches.

12. List out the actuating mechanisms used in external contracting rim clutches.

13. While designing a clutch, energy dissipation during clutching should be considered.
Why?

14. What are the effects of temperature rise in clutches?

15. Deduce an expression for energy dissipated during clutching operation.

16. Write short notes on 'temperature rise'.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH

1. A single plate clutch, with both sides effective, has outer and inner diameters 300 and
200 mm respectively. The maximum intensity of pressure at any point in the contact
surface is not. to exceed 0.1 N/mm2. If the coefficient of friction is 0.3. Determine the
power transmitted by a clutch at a speed 2500 r.p.m. [ANS: 61.69 KW).

2. A single plate clutch transmits 25 kW at 900 r.p.m. The maximum pressure intensity
between the plates is 85kN/mm2. The ratio of radii is 1.25. Both the sides of the plate are
effective and the coefficient of friction is 0.25. Determine (i) the inner diameter of the
plate, and (ii) the axial force to engage the clutch. Assume theory of uniform wear.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF MULTI PLATE CLUTCH

1. A multi plate disc clutch transmits 60 KW of power at 2000 rpm. Coefficient of friction
for the friction surface is 0.2. Axial intensity at pressure is not to exceed 200KN/m2. The
internal radius is 100mm and 0.9 times the external radius. Find the number of plates
needed to transmit the required torque.

2. A multi-disc clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two on the driven shaft is to
be designed for a machine tool, driven by an electric motor of 25 kW running at 1800
r.p.m: The inside diameter of the contact surface is 180 mm. The maximum pressure
between the surfaces is limited to 0.1 N/mm2. Design the clutch. Take = 0.3; n1 = 3;
n2 =2.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF CONE CLUTCH

1. A cone clutch with a semi-cone angle of 15 transmits 10 KW at 1000 rpm. The normal
pressure between the surfaces in contact is not to exceed 2000 KN/m2.The width of the
friction surfaces is half of the mean diameter. Assume = 0.5
Determine:
(i) The outer and inner diameters of the plate, and
(ii) The axial force to engage the clutch.

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON DESIGN OF BRAKES

1. Differentiate a brake and a clutch.

2. Differentiate brakes and dynamometers.

3. Enumerate the qualities of the friction material used in brakes.

4. What are the various types of brakes?

5. What is a self actuating or self energizing brake? When a brake becomes a self-locking?

6. What is the difference in simple and differential band brake? Which would be preferred?

7. Explain the arrangement done in band and block brake system. In what way it is superior
to band brake?

8. Describe with the help of a neat sketch the principles of operation of an internal
expanding shoe. Also deduce the expression for the braking torque.

9. Describe with the help of a neat sketch the principles of operation of an external
contracting shoe.

10. Write short note on.

(i) Heat generated and heat dissipated in brakes, and
(ii) Temperature rise.

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF BAND AND BLOCK BRAKES

1. A band and block brake having 12 blocks, each of which subtends at an angle of 16 at
the centre, is applied to a rotating drum of diameter 600 mm. The blocks are 75mm thick.
The drum and the flywheel mounted on the same shaft have a mass of 1800kg and have a
combined radius of gyration of 600 mm. The two ends of the band are attached to pins on
the opposite sides of the brake fulcrum at distances of 40 mm and 150mm from the
fulcrum. If a force of 250 N is applied at a distance of 900 mm from the fulcrum find .
(i) The maximum braking torque,
(ii) Tire angular retardation of the drum, and
(iii)The time taken by the system to be stationary from the rated speed of 300
r.p.m.
Take coefficient of friction between the blocks and tire drum as 0.3