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    Class 6-7 Electrostatics

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    ChandraKiran
    1. The document discusses basic concepts of electrostatics including Coulomb's law governing the electrostatic force between two point charges, the definition of electric field intensity, and the relationship between electric field and electric displacement in free space. 2. It also covers other key topics such as electric potential, equipotential surfaces, polarization and relative permittivity in dielectric materials, the superposition principle for linear forces, and Gauss's law relating the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. 3. The document presents these concepts through definitions, diagrams, and mathematical expressions to explain the governing equations and relationships in electrostatics.

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    Class 6-7 Electrostatics

    Uploaded by

    ChandraKiran
    115 views10 pages
    1. The document discusses basic concepts of electrostatics including Coulomb's law governing the electrostatic force between two point charges, the definition of electric field intensity, and the relationship between electric field and electric displacement in free space. 2. It also covers other key topics such as electric potential, equipotential surfaces, polarization and relative permittivity in dielectric materials, the superposition principle for linear forces, and Gauss's law relating the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. 3. The document presents these concepts through definitions, diagrams, and mathematical expressions to explain the governing equations and relationships in electrostatics.

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    1. The document discusses basic concepts of electrostatics including Coulomb's law governing the electrostatic force between two point charges, the definition of electric field intensity, and the relationship between electric field and electric displacement in free space. 2. It also covers other key topics such as electric potential, equipotential surfaces, polarization and relative permittivity in dielectric materials, the superposition principle for linear forces, and Gauss's law relating the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. 3. The document presents these concepts through definitions, diagrams, and mathematical expressions to explain the governing equations and relationships in electrostatics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    115 views10 pages

    Class 6-7 Electrostatics

    Uploaded by

    ChandraKiran
    1. The document discusses basic concepts of electrostatics including Coulomb's law governing the electrostatic force between two point charges, the definition of electric field intensity, and the relationship between electric field and electric displacement in free space. 2. It also covers other key topics such as electric potential, equipotential surfaces, polarization and relative permittivity in dielectric materials, the superposition principle for linear forces, and Gauss's law relating the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. 3. The document presents these concepts through definitions, diagrams, and mathematical expressions to explain the governing equations and relationships in electrostatics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Electrostatics

    Basic quantities of electrostatics


    Governing equations
    r1 and r2: The position vectors from the origin of the
    coordinate system to the point charges Q1 and Q2 respectively
    in FREE SPACE.
    Fig 1: System of two point charges
    R: Distance between two point charges
    showing the electrostatic force vector
    According to Coulombs law the magnitude of the force (f )
    between any two objects in free space separated by a distance
    R much larger than their dimension is

    Free Space:
    In Vacuum

    Fig 1. This gives magnitude of force but force is a vector. What about the direction!

    Electrostatics
    2

    The force on point charge Q2 due to the existence of point charge Q1 is

    The force on point charge 1 is equal and opposite to the force on point charge 2;
    therefore, f1 = f2.
    Let us dene the electric eld intensity, or simply the electric eld (E), as the force f2
    normalized with respect to the Size of the test charge, which in this case is Q2.

    Then

    Electrostatics
    3

    Electric Potential:

    Work done by an electric field on a unit charge to move it from


    point A to point B is defined as potential difference between
    point A and B. If W work has been done on q charge,B

    W
    VB VA E. dr
    q
    A

    Equipotential surface:

    At every point on the surface the


    potential is same!

    Electrostatics
    4

    Electric Displacement (D):


    Electric field lines are generated from a point charge.
    In free space, D can be defined as number of electric field
    lines that crosses per unit area of the surface.

    The direction of the vector D is the direction of the electric eld lines that cross the surface.
    Faraday demonstrated that the electric displacement is related to the electric eld in a free
    space through the expression:

    In Free Space !!!

    Electrostatics
    5

    Units:

    Coulomb

    1F indicates capacitance which can store 1C


    charge when 1V is applied across it

    C2 C

    Farad: F
    Nm V

    Volt

    Unit of permitivity of free space ( o ) :

    Volt (V):

    Nm J

    C
    C

    Electric field (E): E

    N V

    C m

    F
    m

    Electric displacement (D): D

    C
    m2

    Electrostatics
    6

    Insulators are materials that consist of a large proportion of bound charge.


    Bound charge in insulators will reorient under the application of an electric eld but will
    not exhibit the motion that is characteristic of conductors.
    Bound charge can be visualized as a pair of point charges of equal and opposite charge Q
    separated by a distance d. The dipole moment (p) associated with this pair of point
    charges is dened as
    Where d is the vector from the
    negative charge to positive charge

    Electrostatics
    7

    If there are n dipole moments per unit volume, polarization of the material is
    defined as:

    Electric displacement (D) may be written as


    Where, polarization (P) is product of a constant and the electric eld (E) vector
    P 0 E e
    1 e R
    R is dened as the relative permittivity, which is a
    unit less parameter that is always greater than 1

    We can have relationship between electric field and electric displacement as:

    Electrostatics
    8

    Q1

    x
    Q2

    Superposition Principle:
    For all linear forces the
    total force is a vector sum
    of individual forces

    Electrostatics
    9

    Gausss law:

    At any point on the surface we can dene a differential


    unit of area (ds) whose unit normal is perpendicular to
    the surface at that point. The electric displacement that is
    in the direction of the unit normal at point x is written
    D(x)ds.
    Gausss law states that the integral of D(x)ds over any
    closed surface is equal to the total free charge enclosed
    within that surface.

    Electrostatics
    10

    Divergence Theorem:

    Converts surface integral to volume integral and vice versa

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