2011 - 2007 Mathematics HSC - All Topics

Mathematics Higher School Certificate Examinations by Topics 2011 2007 compiled by projectmaths,com.
au
Basic Arithm. & Algebra

Real Functions
Series and Applications
Geometric App of Deriv
Trigonometric Functions
Expon Growth & Decay
Plane Geometry
Trigonometric Ratios
Tangent to Curve & Derivative
Integration
Rates of Change
Combined Topics
2 0
0
11
1a
1
BA&A
11
1b
1
BA&A
11
1c
n 2 25
.
n5
Solve 22x + 1 = 32.
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
11
1e
Solve 2 3x
11
1f
5
D
1
BA&A
page 1
Probability
Linear Functions and Lines
Quadratic Polynomial
Log and Exponen Functions
Kinematics (x, v, a)
Basic Arithmetic and Algebra

Evaluate
Back
651
correct to four significant figures.
4
Simplify
8.
Rationalise the denominator of
4
5
. Give your answer in the simplest
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
form.
1
BA&A
11
9d
(i)
Rationalise the denominator in the expression
1
n n 1
where n is an integer and n 1.

Using your result from part (i), or otherwise, find the value of the
1
1
1
1
sum
+
+
++
.
1 2
2 3
3 4
99 100
Solve x2 = 4x.
(ii)
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
10
1a
10
1b
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
10
1d
09
1b
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
09
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solve |2x + 3| = 9.
Solution
Solution
1c
5x 4
= 2.
x
Solve |x + 1| = 5
Solution
08
1b
Factorise 3x2 + x 2
Solution
08
1c
Solution
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
1
BA&A
08
1d
2
1
n
n 1
Solve |4x 3| = 7
Solution
08
1e
Expand and simplify (
Solution
07
1a
Evaluate
Solution
07
1b
Solve 2x 5 > 3 and graph the solution on a number line.
Solution
07
1c
Solution
1
BA&A
07
1e
Solution
Find integers a and b such that
=a+b 5.
5 2
Solve
Simplify
- 1)(2
+ 5)
2 5 correct to two decimal places.
Rationalise the denominator of
1
3 1
Factorise 2x + 5x - 12
2
HSC exam papers Board of Studies NSW for and on behalf of the Crown in right of State of New South Wales, 2011 - 2007
Mathematics Higher School Certificate Examinations by Topics 2011 2007 compiled by projectmaths,com.au
5
D
2
PG
2
PG
2
PG
2 0
0
11
11
09
Plane Geometry
6a
9a
4c
The diagram shows a regular

pentagon ABCDE. Sides ED and BC are
produced to meet at P. Copy or trace
the diagram into your writing booklet.
(i)
Find the size of CDE.
(ii)
Hence, show that EPC is
isosceles.
The diagram shows ADE, where B

is the midpoint of AD and C is the
midpoint of AE. The intervals BE and
CD meet at F.
(i)
Explain why ABC is similar
to
ADE.
(ii)
Hence, or otherwise, prove that
the ratio BF:FE = 1:2.
In the diagram, ABC is a right-angled triangle,

with the right angle at C.
The midpoint of AB is M, and MP AC.
(i)
Prove that AMP is similar to ABC.
(ii)
What is the ratio of AP to AC?
(iii)
Prove that AMC is isosceles.
(iv)
Show that ABC can be divided into two
isosceles triangles.
(v)
2
PG
08
page 2
4a
Copy or trace this triangle into your

writing booklet and show how to divide it
into four isosceles triangles.
In the diagram, XR bisects PRQ

and XR || QR.
Copy or trace the diagram into your
writing booklet.
Prove that XYR is an isosceles
triangle.
Back
Solution
1
2
Solution
1
2
Solution
2
1
2
1
1
Solution
2
PG
2
PG
08
07
8b
5a
page 3
In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram

and ABEF and BCGH are both squares.
Copy or trace the diagram into your
writing booklet.
(i)
Prove that CD = BE.
(ii)
Prove that BD = EH.
Solution
1
3
In the diagram, ABCDE is a regular pentagon.

The diagonals AC and BD intersect at F. Copy
or trace this diagram into your writing booklet.
(i)
Show that the size of ABC is
108.
(ii)
Find the size of BAC.
Give reasons for your answer.
(iii)
By considering the sizes of angles, show
that ABF is isosceles.
Solution
1
2
2
Not to scale
PG
07
8b
In the diagram, AE is parallel to BD, AE =

27, CD = 8, BD = p, BE = q and ABE,
BCD and BDE are equal. Copy or
trace this diagram into your writing
booklet.
(i)
Prove that ABE ||| BCD.
(ii)
Prove that EDB ||| BCD.
Solution
2
2
(Not to scale)
5
D
3
P
3
P
3
P
3
P
2 0
0
11
1g
11
10
10
5b
4c
8b
Probability
A batch of 800 items is examined. The probability that an item from this
batch is defective is 0.02. How many items from this batch are defective?
Kim has three red shirts and two yellow shirts. On each of the three days,
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, she selects one shirt at random to wear.
Kim wears each shirt that she selects only once.
(i)
What is the probability that Kim wears a red shirt on Monday?
(ii)
What is the probability that Kim wears a shirt of the same colour on all
three days?
(iii)
What is the probability that Kim does not wear a shirt of the same
colour on consecutive days?
There are twelve chocolates in a box. Four of the chocolates have mint
centres, four have caramel centres and four have strawberry centres. Ali
randomly selects two chocolates and eats them.
(i)
What is the probability that the two chocolates have mint centres?
(ii)
What is the probability that the two chocolates have same centres?
(iii)
What is the probability that the two chocolates have different centres?
Two identical based coins are tossed together, and the outcome is recorded.
After a large number of trials it is observed that the probability that both
coins land showing heads is 0.36.
What is the probability that both coins land showing tails?
Back
Solution
Solution
1
1
2
Solution
1
1
1
2
Solution
3
P
09
5b
3
P
09
9a
3
P
08
7c
3
P
08
7ca
3
P
08
9a
3
P
3
P
07
07
4b
9b
page 4
On each working day James parks his car in a parking station which has three
levels. He parks his car on a randomly chosen level. He always forgets where
he has parked so when he leaves work he chooses a level at random and
searches for his car. If his car is not on that level, he chooses a different level
and continues in this way until he finds his car.
(i)
What is the probability that his car is on the first level he searches?
(ii)
What is the probability that he must search all three levels before he
finds his car?
(iii)
What is the probability that on every one of the five working days in a
week, his car is not on the first level he searches?
Each week Van and Marie take part in a raffle at their respective workplaces.
1
The probability that Van wins a prize in his raffle is
. The probability that
9
1
Marie wins a prize in her raffle is
.
16
What is the probability that, during the next three weeks, at least one of
them wins a prize?
Xena and Gabrielle compete in a
series of games. The series finishes
when one player has won two
games. In any game, the
2
probability that Xena wins is
and
3
the probability that Gabrielle wins
1
is
.
3
(i)
Copy and complete the tree diagram.
(ii)
What is the probability that Gabrielle wins the series?
(iii)
What is the probability that three games are played in the series?
It is estimated that 85% of students in Australia own a mobile phone.
(i)
Two students are selected at random. What is the probability that
neither of them owns a mobile phone?
(ii)
Based on a recent survey, 20% of the students who own a mobile
phone have used their mobile phone during class time. A student is
selected at random. What is the probability that the student owns a
mobile phone and has used it during class time?
Two ordinary dice are rolled. The score is the sum of the numbers on the top
faces.
(i)
What is the probability that the score is 10?
(ii)
What is the probability that the score is not 10?
A pack of 52 cards consists of four suits with 13 cards in each suit.
(i)
One card is drawn from the pack and kept on the table. A second card
is drawn and placed beside it on the table. What is the probability that
the second card is from a different suit to the first?
(ii)
The two cards are replaced and the pack shuffled. Four cards are
chosen from the pack and placed side by side on the table. What is
the probability that these four cards are all from different suits?
Solution
1
1
1
2
Solution
Solution
1
2
2
Solution
2
1
Solution
2
1
Solution
1
2
2 0
0
11
5
D
5
TR
page 5
Real Functions of a Real Variable and Their Geometrical Representation

4e
The diagram shows the graphs

of
y = |x| 2 and y = 4 x2.
Back
Solution
Write down the inequalities

that together describe the
shaded region.
Not to scale
9
Q&P
10
1c
Write down the equation of the circle with centre (1, 2) and radius 5.
Solution
9
Q&P
10
1g
Let f(x) =
Solution
5
D
5
TR
5
D
6
LF
2 0
0
11
2 0
0
11
x 8 . What is the domain of f(x)?
Trigonometric Ratios Review and Some Preliminary Results

8a
3c
In the diagram, the shop at S is

20 kilometres across the bay from the
post office at P. The distance from the
shop to the lighthouse at L is
22 kilometres and SPL is 60o. Let
the distance PL be x kilometres.
(i)
Use the cosine rule to show that
x2 20x 84 = 0.
(ii)
Hence, find the distance from
the post office to the lighthouse.
Give your answer correct to the
nearest kilometre.
Linear Functions and Lines
The diagram shows a line 1 ,
with equation 3x + 4y 12 = 0,
which intersects the y-axis at B.
A second line 2 , with equation
4x 3y = 0, passes through the
origin O and intersects 1 at E.
(i)
Show that the coordinates of B are (0, 3)
(ii)
Show that 1 is
5
TR
Back
Solution
1
2
Back
Solution
1
2
perpendicular to 2 .
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
12
.
5
Using Pythagoras theorem, or otherwise, find the length of the
interval BE.
Hence, or otherwise, find the area of BOE.
Show that the perpendicular distance from O to 1 is
1
1
1
6
LF
5
TR
6
LF
6
LF
10
3a
In the diagram, A, B and C are the

points (2, 4), (12, 6) and (6, 8)
respectively. The point N(2, 2) is the
midpoint of AC. The point M is the
midpoint of AB.
(i)
Find the coordinates of M.
(ii)
Find the gradient of BC.
(iii)
Prove that ABC is similar to
AMN.
(iv)
Find the equation of MN.
(v)
Find the exact length of BC.
(vi)
Given that the area of ABC is
44 square units, find the perpendicular distance from A to BC.
1
1
2
09
1a
Sketch the graph of y 2x = 3, showing the intercepts on both axes.
09
3b
The circle in the diagram has centre N.

The line LM is tangent to the circle at P.
(i)
Find the equation of LM is in the
form ax + by + c = 0.
(ii)
Find the distance NP.
(iii)
Find the equation of the circle.
Shade the region in the plane defined by y 0 and y 4 x2.
6
LF
09
5a
In the diagram, the points A and C lie on the

y-axis and the point B lies on the x-axis. The
line AB has equation y = 3 x 3.
The line BC is perpendicular to AB.
6
LF
08
6
LF
07
3a
1f
Solution
Solution
(i)
Find the equation of the line BC.
(ii)
Find the area of the triangle ABC.
Let M be the midpoint of (1,4) and (5,8).

Find the equation of the line through M with gradient
Solution
2
1
3c
2b
2
1
1
09
08
Solution
Solution
6
LF
6
LF
page 6
Solution
1
.
2
In the diagram ABCD is a quadrilateral. The

equation of the line AD is 2x y 1 = 0.
(i)
Show that ABCD is a trapezium by
showing BC is parallel to AD.
(ii)
The line CD is parallel to the
x-axis. Find the co-ordinates of D.
(iii)
Find the length of BC.
(iv)
Show that the perpendicular
4
distance from B to AD is
.
5
(v)
Hence, or otherwise, find the area of
the trapezium ABCD.
Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (1, 3) and is
perpendicular to 2x + y + 4= 0.
Solution
2
1
1
2
2
2
Solution
6
LF
5
D
7
SA
7
SA
7
SA
07
2 0
0
11
11
11
3a
3a
5a
8c
7
SA
10
1f
7
SA
10
4a
page 7
In the diagram, A, B and C are the

points (10, 5), (12, 16) and (2, 11)
respectively. Copy or trace this
diagram into your writing booklet.
(i)
Find the distance AC.
(ii)
Find the midpoint of AC.
(iii)
Show that OB AC.
(iv)
Find the midpoint of OB and
hence explain why OABC is a
rhombus.
(v)
Hence, or otherwise, find the
area of OABC.
Series and Applications
A skyscraper of 110 floors is to be built. The first floor to be built will cost $3
million. The cost of building each subsequent floor will be $0.5 million more
than the floor immediately below.
(i)
What will be the cost of building the 25th floor?
(ii)
What will be the cost of building all 110 floors of the skyscraper?
The number of members of a new social networking site doubles every day.
On Day 1 there were 27 members and on Day 2 there were 54 members.
(i)
How many members were there on Day 12?
(ii)
On which day was the number of members first greater than 10
million?
(iii)
The site earns 0.5 cents per member per day. How much money did
the site earn in the first 12 days?
Give your answer to the nearest dollar.
When Jules started working she began paying $100 at the beginning of each
month into a superannuation fund. The contributions are compounded
monthly at an interest rate of 6% per annum. She intends to retire after
having worked for 35 years.
(i)
Let $P be the final value of Juless superannuation when she retires
after 35 years (420 months).
Show that $P = $143 183 to the nearest dollar.
(ii)
Fifteen years after she started working Jules read a magazine article
about retirement, and realized that she would need $800 000 in her
fund when she retires. At the time of reading the magazine article
she had $29 227 in her fund. For the remaining 20 years she
intends to work, she decides to pay a total of $M into her fund at
the beginning of each month. The contributions continue to attract
the same interest rate of 6% per annum, compounded monthly. At
the end of n months after starting the new contributions, the
amount in the fund is $An.
(1) Show that A2 = 29 227 1.0052 + M(1.005 + 1.0052).
(2) Find the value of M so that Jules will have $800 000 in her fund
after the remaining 20 years (240 months).
1
1
1
Find the limiting sum of the geometric series 1
+
+
3
9
27
Susannah is training for a fun run by running every week for 26 weeks. She
runs 1 km in the first week and each week after that she runs 750 m more
than the previous week, until she reaches 10 km in a week. She then
continues to run 10 km each week.
(i)
How far does Susannah run in the 9th week?
(ii)
In which week does she first run 10 km?
(iii)
What is the total distance that Susannah runs in 26 weeks?
Solution
1
1
2
2
1
Back
Solution
2
2
Solution
1
2
2
Solution
1
3
2
Solution
Solution
1
1
2
7
SA
10
9a
(i)
(ii)
7
SA
09
2c
When Chris started a new job, $500 was deposited into his
superannuation fund at the beginning of each month. The money
was invested at 0.5% per month, compounded monthly.
Let $P be the value of the investment after 240 months, when Chris
retires.
Show that P = 232 175.55
After retirement, Chris withdraws $2000 from the account at the
end of each month, without making any further deposits. The
account continues to earn interest at 0.5% per month.
Let $An be the amount left in the account n months after Chriss
retirement.
(1) Show that An = (P 400 000) 1.005n + 400 000.
(2) For how many months after retirement will there be money left
in the account?
4
Evaluate
page 8
(1)k k 2
Solution
3
2
2
Solution
Solution
Solution
k 1
7
SA
09
3a
7
SA
09
4a
7
SA
09
8b
7
SA
08
1f
7
SA
08
4b
An arithmetic series has 21 terms. The first term is 3 and the last term is 53.
Find the sum of the series.
A tree grows from ground level to a height of 1.2 metres in one year.
9
In each subsequent year, it grows
as much as it did in the previous year.
10
Find the limiting height of the tree.
One year ago Daniel borrowed $350 000 to buy a house. The interest rate
was 9% per annum, compounded monthly. He agreed to repay the loan in
25 years with equal monthly repayments of $2937.
(i)
Calculate how much Daniel owed after his monthly repayment.
(ii)
Daniel has just made his 12th monthly repayment. He now owes
$346 095. The interest rate now decreases to 6% per annum,
compounded monthly. The amount $An, owing on the loan after the
nth monthly repayment is now calculated using the formula
An = 346 095 1.005n 1.005 n-1 M 1.005M M where $M is
the monthly repayment and n = 1, 2, , 288. (Do NOT prove this
formula.)
Calculate the monthly repayment if the loan is to be repaid over the
remaining 24 years (288 months).
(iii)
Daniel chooses to keep his monthly repayments at $2937. Use the
formula in part (ii) to calculate how long it will take him to repay the
$346 095.
(iv)
How much will Daniel save over the term of the loan by keeping his
monthly repayments at $2937, rather than reducing his repayments
to the amount calculated in part (ii)?
Find the sum of the first 21 terms of the arithmetic series
3 + 7 + 11 +
The zoom function in a software package multiplies the dimensions of an
image by 1.2. In an image, the height of a building is 50 mm. After the zoom
function is applied once, the height of the building in the image is 60 mm.
After a second application, its height is 72 mm.
(i)
Calculate the height of the building in the image after the zoom
function has been applied eight times.
Give your answer to the nearest mm.
(ii)
The height of the building in the image is required to be more than
400 mm. Starting from the original image, what is the least number of
times the zoom function must be applied?
Solution
1
3
3
1
Solution
Solution
2
2
7
SA
08
7
SA
08
7
SA
07
7
SA
07
07
7
SA
5b
9b
1d
3b
9c
2 0
0
11
2c
8
T&D
11
4c
8
T&D
10
8d
8
T&D
09
1d
5
D
8
T&D
page 9
Consider the geometric series 5 + 10x + 20x2 + 40x3 +

(i)
For what values of x does this series have a limiting sum?
(ii)
The limiting sum of this series is 100. Find the value of x.
Peter retires with a lump sum of $100 000. The money is invested in a fund
which pays interest each month at a rate of 6% per annum, and Peter
receives a fixed monthly payment of $M from the fund. Thus, the amount left
in the fund after the first monthly payment is $(100 500 M).
(i)
Find a formula for the amount, $An, left in the fund after n
monthly payments.
(ii)
Peter chooses the value of M so that there will be nothing left in the
fund at the end of the 12th year (after 144 payments).
Find the value of M.
3
3
3
Find the limiting sum of the geometric series
+
+
+ ...
16
64
4
Heather decides to swim every day to improve her fitness level.
On the first day she swims 750 metres, and on each day after that she swims
100 metres more than the previous day. That is, she swims 850 metres on
the second day, 950 metres on the third day and so on.
(i)
Write down a formula for the distance she swims on the nth day.
(ii)
How far does she swim on the 10th day?
(iii)
What is the total distance she swims in the first 10 days?
(iv)
After how many days does the total distance she has swum equal the
width of the English Channel, a distance of 34 kilometres?
Mr and Mrs Caine each decide to invest some money each year to help pay
for their sons university education. The parents choose different investment
strategies.
(i)
Mr Caine makes 18 yearly contributions of $1000 into an
investment fund. He makes his first contribution on the day his son is
born, and his final contribution on his sons seventeenth birthday. His
investment earns 6%
compound interest per
annum. Find the
total value of Mr Caines investment on
his sons
eighteenth birthday.
(ii)
Mrs Caine makes her contributions into another fund. She contributes
$1000 on the day of her sons birth, and increases her annual
contribution by 6% each year. Her investment also earns 6%
compound interest per annum. Find the total value of Mrs Caines
investment on her sons third birthday (just before she makes her
fourth contribution).
(iii)
Mrs Caine also makes her final contribution on her sons seventeenth
birthday. Find the total value of Mrs Caines investment on her sons
eighteenth birthday.
The Tangent to a Curve and the Derivative of a Function
Solution
2
2
Solution
2
3
Solution
2
Solution
1
1
1
2
Solution
1
Back
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = (2x + 1)4 at the point
where x = 1.
dy
The gradient of a curve is given by
= 6x 2. The curve passes through
dx
the point (-1, 4). What is the equation of the curve?
Solution
Solution
Let f(x) = x3 3x2 + kx + 8, where k is a constant. Find the values of k for

which f(x) is an increasing function.
Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve y = x4 3x at the point (1, -2).
Solution
Solution
9
Q&P
09
6c
9
Q&P
09
6ca
10
GAD
09
8a
8
T&D
5
D
9
Q&P
08
2 0
0
11
2a
page 10
The diagram illustrates the design

for part of a roller-coaster track.
The section RO is a straight line
with slope 1.2 and the section PQ
is a straight line with slope -1.8.
The section OP is a parabola
y = ax2 + bx. The horizontal
distance from the y-axis to P is
30 m. In order that the ride is
smooth, the straight sections must be tangent to the parabola at O and at P.
(i)
Find the values of a and b so that the ride is smooth.
(ii)
Find the distance d, from the vertex of the parabola to the horizontal
line through P, as shown on the diagram.
The diagram shows the graph of a
function y = f(x).
(i)
For which values of x is the
derivative, f (x), negative?
(ii)
What happens to f (x) for
large values of x?
(iii)
Sketch the graph of
y = f (x).
Differentiate with respect to x:
(i) (x2 + 3)9
Solution
3
2
Solution
1
1
2
2
The Quadratic Polynomial and the Parabola

2a
9
Q&P
11
3b
9
Q&P
11
6b
9
Q&P
10
2b
10
GAD
10
7b
9
Q&P
09
4b
9
Q&P
08
4c
The quadratic equation x2 6x + 2 = 0 has roots and .

(i)
Find +
(ii)
Find
1
1
(iii)
Find
+
A parabola has focus (3, 2) and directrix y = 4.

Find the coordinates of the vertex.
A point P(x, y) moves so that the sum of the square of its distance from each
of the points A(1, 0) and B(3, 0) is equal to 40.
Show that the locus of P(x, y) is a circle, and state its radius and centre.
Solve the inequality x2 x 12 < 0.
The parabola shown in the diagram is the
graph y = x2. The points A(1, 1) and
B(2, 4) are on the parabola.
(i)
Find the equation of the tangent to
the parabola at A.
(ii)
Let M be the midpoint of AB. There is
a point C on the parabola such
that the
tangent at C is parallel to AB.
Show
that the line MC is vertical.
(iii)
The tangent at A meets the line MC
at T. Show that the line BT is a
tangent to the parabola.
Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation
x2 (k + 4)x + (k + 7) = 0 has equal roots.
Consider the parabola x2 = 8(y - 3).
(i)
Write down the coordinates of the vertex.
(i)
Find the coordinates of the focus.
(iii)
Sketch the parabola.
Solution
Back
Solution
1
1
1
2
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
2
2
3
3
Solution
Solution
1
1
1
9
Q&P
07
7a
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
5
D
10
GAD
2 0
0
11
7a
10
GAD
11
9c
10
GAD
10
5a
page 11
Find the coordinates of the focus, S, of the parabola

y = x2 + 4.
The graphs of y = x2 + 4 and the line y = x + k have only one point of
intersection, P. Show that the x-coordinate of P satisfies
x2 x + 4 k = 0.
Using the discriminant, or otherwise, find the value of k.
Find the coordinates of P.
Show that SP is parallel to the directrix of the parabola.
Geometric Applications of Differentiation
Let f(x) = x3 3x + 2.
(i)
Find the coordinates of the stationary points of y = f(x), and
determine their nature.
(ii)
Hence, sketch the graph y = f(x) showing all stationary points and the
y-intercept.
The graph y = f(x) in the
diagram has a stationary
point when x = 1, a point of
inflexion when x = 3, and a
horizontal asymptote y = 2.
Sketch the graph y = f (x),
clearly indicating its features
at x = 1 and at x = 3, and the
shape of the graph as x
.
A rainwater tank is to be designed in the shape of
a cylinder with radius r metres and height h
metres.
The volume of the tank is to be 10 cubic metres.
Let A be the surface area of the tank, including
its top and base, in square metres.
(i)
Given that A = 2r2 + 2rh, show
20
.
r
(ii)
Show that A has a minimum value and find the value of r for which
the minimum occurs.
Let (x) = (x + 2)(x2 + 4).
(i)
Show that the graph of y = (x) has no stationary points.
(ii)
Find the values of x for which the graph y = (x) is concave down,
and the values for which it is concave up.
(iii)
Sketch the graph of y = (x), indicating the values of the x and y
intercepts.
Solution
1
1
2
1
Back
Solution
3
2
3
Solution
Solution
that A = 2r2 +
10
GAD
10
6a
3
Solution
2
2
2
10
GAD
10
9b
10
GAD
09
9b
10
GAD
09
9bx
page 12
Let y = f(x) be a function defined for

0 x 6, with f(0) = 0. The
diagram shows the graph of the
derivative of f, y = f (x).
The shaded region A1 has area
4 square units. The shaded region A2
has area 4 square units.
(i)
For which values of x is f(x)
increasing?
(ii)
What is the maximum value
of f(x)?
(iii)
Find the value of f(6).
(iv)
Draw a graph of y = f(x) for 0 x 6.
An oil rig, S, is 3 km offshore. A power station, P, is on the shore. A cable is
to be laid from P to S. It costs $1000 per kilometres to lay the cable along
the shore and $2600 per kilometre to lay the cable underwater from the
shore to S. The point R is the point on the shore closest to S, and the
distance PR is 5 km. The point Q is on the shore, at a distance of x km from
R, as shown in the diagram.
(i)
Find the total cost of
laying the cable in a
straight line from P
to R and then in a
straight line from R
to S.
(ii)
(iii)
10
GAD
10
GAD
08
08
8a
9c
Find the cost of laying the cable in a straight line from P to S.

Let $C be the total cost of laying the cable in a straight line from P to
Q, and then in a straight line from Q to S.
Show that C = 1000(5 x + 2.6 x2 9 ).
(iv)
Find the minimum cost of laying the cable.
(v)
New technology means that the cost of laying the cable underwater
can be reduced to $1100 per kilometre. Determine the path for laying
the cable in order to minimise the cost in this case.
Let (x) = x4 8x2.
(i)
Find the coordinates of the points where the graph of y = (x)
crosses the axes.
(ii)
Show that (x) is an even function.
(iii)
Find the coordinates of the stationary points of y = (x) and
determine their nature.
(iv)
Sketch the graph of y = (x).
A beam is supported at (b, 0)and (b, 0)as shown in the diagram.
Solution
1
1
1
2
Solution
1
2
3
1
Solution
2
1
4
1
Solution
It is known that the shape formed by the beam has equation y = (x), where
(x) satisfies (x) = k(b2 x2) (k is a positive constant)
and (-b) = -(b).
x3
)
3
(i)
Show that (x) = k(b2x -
(ii)
How far is the beam below the x-axis at x = 0?
2
2
10
GAD
08
10b
page 13
Solution
The diagram shows two

parallel brick walls KJ and MN
joined by a fence from J to M.
The wall KJ is s metres long
and KJM = The fence JM
is l metres long.
A new fence is to be built from K to a point P somewhere on MN. The new
fence KP will cross the original fence JM at O.
Let OJ = x metres, where 0 < x < l.
(i)
Show that the total area, A square metres, enclosed by OKJ and
OMP is given by A = s(x l +
l
)sin
2x
(ii)
10
GAD
10
GAD
5
D
8
T&D
8
T&D
07
07
6b
10b
Find the value of x that makes A as small as possible. Justify the fact
that this value of x gives the minimum value for A.
(iii)
Hence, find the length of MP when A is as small as possible.
Let (x) = x4 4x3.
(i)
Find the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the axes.
(ii)
Find the coordinates of the stationary points and determine their
nature.
(iii)
Find the coordinates of the points of inflexion.
(iv)
Sketch the graph of y = (x), indicating clearly the intercepts,
stationary points and points of inflexion.
The noise level, N, at a distance d metres from a single sound source of
L
loudness L is given by the formula N = 2 .
d
Two sound sources, of loudness L1_and L2_are placed m metres apart.

The point P lies on the line between the sound sources and is x metres from
the sound source with loudness L1.
(i)
Write down a formula for the sum of the noise levels at P in terms of
x.
(ii)
There is a point on the line between the sound sources where the sum
of the noise levels is a minimum.
Find an expression for x in terms of m, L1 and L2 if P is chosen to be
this point.
Integration
2 0
0
11
2e
11
4d
Find
(i)
(ii)
3x 2
3
1
Solution
2
4
1
3
Solution
1
4
Back
dx.
Differentiate y =
with respect to x.
6x
Hence, or otherwise, find
dx.
9 x2
9 x2
2
2
Solution
Solution
10
GAD
11
5c
8
T&D
page 14
The table gives the speed v of a

jogger at time t in minutes over
a 20-minute period. The speed v
Solution
is measured in metres per minute, in intervals of 5 minutes. The distance

20
covered by the jogger over the 20-minute period is given by
v dt. Use
10
GAD
11
8b
8
T&D
10
2d
8
T&D
10
2e
11
09
2b
09
2b
09
2b
Simpsons rule and the speed at each of the five time values to find the
approximate distance the jogger covers in the 20-minute period.
The diagram shows the region enclosed by the
parabola y = x2, the y-axis and the line y = h,
where h > 0. This region is rotated about the
y-axis to form a solid called a paraboloid. The
point C is the intersection of y = x2 and y = h.
The point H has coordinates (0, h).
(i)
Find the exact volume of the paraboloid in
terms of h.
(ii)
A cylinder has radius HC and height h.
What is the ratio of the volume of the
paraboloid to the volume of the cylinder?
(i)
Find
Given that
5x 1
dx.
k dx = 30, and k is a constant, find the value of k.
Solution
2
1
2
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
0
I
11
I
11
I
(i)
Find
(ii)
Find
(x 6)2
(iii)
Find
dx.
3
x2
dx.
dx.
11
09
3d
11
08
4c
The diagram shows a block of land and

its dimensions, in metres. The block of
land is bounded on one side by a river.
Measurements are taken perpendicular
to the line AB, from AB to the river, at
equal intervals of 50 m.
Use Simpsons rule with six
subintervals to find an approximation
to the area of the block of land.
(not to scale)
Consider the parabola x2 = 8(y - 3).
(iv) Calculate the area bounded by the parabola and the line y = 5.
08
6c
11
08
10a
11
07
2b
11
I
5
is shown. The
x 2
shaded region in the diagram is bounded
5
by the curve y =
, the x-axis, and
x 2
the lines x = 3 and x = 6.
Find the volume of the solid of revolution
formed when the shaded region is rotated
about the x-axis.
Solution
In the diagram, the shaded

region is bounded by
y = loge(x 2), the x-axis and
the line x = 7.
Find the exact value of the area
of the shaded region.
Solution
Solution
Solution
The graph of y =
ii. Evaluate
1
11
07
5
D
12 LE
2 0
0
11
11
1d
2d
12 LE
11
4b
12 LE
9a
page 15
8
x
dx.
2
In the shaded region in the

diagram is bounded by the curve y
= x2 + 1, the x-axis, and the lines
x = 0 and x = 1.
Find the volume of the solid of
revolution formed when the
shaded region is rotated about the
x-axis.
Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

Differentiate ln(5x + 2) with respect to x.
Find the derivative of y = x2ex with respect to x.
e3
Evaluate
12 LE
10
2c
12 LE
10
2d
12 LE
10
3b
5
dx.
x
Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve y = ln (3x) at the point
where x = 2.
x
(ii)
Find
dx.
4 x2
(i)
Sketch the curve y = ln x.
(ii)
Use the trapezoidal rule with three function values to find an
Back
2
2
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
1
2
Solution
approximation to
ln x dx.
1
(iii)
State whether the approximation found in (ii) is greater than or less

3
than the exact value of
ln x dx. Justify your answer.

1
Solution
13 TF
10
page 16
4b
Solution
Solution
Solution
The curves y = e and y = e

intersect at the point (0, 1) as
shown in the diagram.
2x
Find the exact area enclosed by the

curves and the line x = 2.
12 LE
10
4d
13 TF
10
5c
Let f(x) = 1 + ex. Show that f(x) f(x) = f(x) + f(x).
The diagram shows the curve y =
1
,
x
for x > 0.
The area under the curve between
x = a and x = 1 is A1. The area under
the curve between x = 1 and x = b is A2.
The area A1 and A2 are each equal to 1
square unit.
Find the values of a and b.
12 LE
09
1f
Solve the equation ln x = 2. Give your answer correct to four decimal places.
Solution
12 LE
09
2a
Differentiate with respect to x: (ii) (ex + 1)2.
Solution
12 LE
08
2a
(ii)
Solution
12 LE
08
2c
Solution
12 LE
08
7a
Solution
12 LE
07
2a
12 LE
5
D
8
T&D
8
T&D
07
6a
2 0
0
11
2b
11
4a
Differentiate with respect to x: x2logex
dx
x 5
3
Solve loge x =2
log e x
(i)
(i)
Find
Solution
2x
ex 1
Solve the following equation for x: 2e2x ex = 0
The Trigonometric Functions

Find the exact values of x such that 2 sin x = 3 , where 0
Differentiate
Solution
Back
x 2.
x
with respect to x.
sin x
Solution
Solution
13 TF
11
6c
page 17
The diagram shows the graph

y = 2 cos x.
(i)
(ii)
Solution
State the coordinates of P.

Evaluate the integral
1
2
2 cos x dx.
(iii)
8
T&D
Indicate which area in the diagram, A, B, C or D, is represented by the
integral
(iii)
2 cos x dx.
3
2
Using parts (ii) and (iii), or otherwise, find the area of the region
bounded by the curve y = 2 cos x and the x-axis, between x = 0
and x = 2.
(v)
8
T&D
8
T&D
10
1e
10
2a
8
T&D
10
5b
Using the parts above, write down the value of
2 cos x dx.
Differentiate x2 tan x with respect to x.

Differentiate
cos x
with respect to x.
x
1 sin x
(i)
Prove that sec2x + sec x tan x =
(ii)
Hence prove that sec2x + sec x tan x =
(iii)
cos2 x
1
.
1 sin x
Hence, use the table of standard integrals to find the exact value of
1 sin x
1
2
Solution
Solution
Solution
1
2
dx.
13 TF
10
6b
The diagram shows a circle with centre O and

radius 5 cm.
Solution
The length of the arc PQ is 9 cm. Lines drawn

perpendicular to OP and OQ at P and Q
respectively meet at T.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Find POQ in radians.

Prove that OPT is congruent to OQT.
Find the length of PT.
Find the area of the shaded region.
(Not to scale)
1
2
1
2
13 TF
10
page 18
8c
Solution
The graph shown is y = A sin bx.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
.
13 TF
10
10b
Write down the value of A.

Find the value of b.
Copy or trace the graph into
your writing booklet.
On the same set of axes,
draw the graph
y = 3sin x + 1, for 0 x
The circle x2 + y2 = r2 has radius r and centre

O. The circle meets the positive x-axis at B.
The point A is on the interval OB. A vertical
line through A meets the circle at P.
Let = OPA.
(i)
The shaded region bounded by the
arc PB and the intervals AB and AP is
rotated about the x-axis. Show
that the volume, V, formed is given
by V =
(ii)
13 TF
1
1
2
Solution
r 3
(2 3sin + sin3).
3
A container is in the shape of a

hemisphere of radius r metres. The
container is initially horizontal and
full of water. The container is then
tilted at an angle of to the
horizontal so that some water spills
out.
Find so that the depth of water remaining is one half of the

original depth.
(2)
What fraction of the original volume is left in the container?
Find the exact value of such that 2 cos = 1, where 0

.
2
(i)
Differentiate with respect to x: x sin x
(1)
13 TF
09
1e
13 TF
09
2a
13 TF
09
5c
The diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius

2 centimetres. The points A and B lie on the
circumference of the circle and AOB = .
(i)
There are two possible values of for which
the area of AOB is 3 square
centimetres. One value is

. Find the other value.
3
(ii)
Suppose that =
.
3
(1)
Find the area of the sector AOB.
(2)
Find the exact length of the perimeter
of the minor segment bounded by the
chord AB and the arc AB.
1
2
2
2
Solution
Solution
Solution
(Not to scale)
1
2
13 TF
13 TF
09
09
6a
7b
13 TF
08
1a
13 TF
08
2a
13 TF
08
2c
page 19
The diagram shows the region

bounded by the curve y = sec x,
the lines x =
and x = , and
3
3
the x-axis.
The region is rotated about the
x-axis.
Find the volume of the solid of
revolution formed.
Between 5 am and 5 pm on 3 March 2009, the height, h, of the tide in a
harbour was given by h = 1 + 0.7 sin

t for 0 t 12, where h is in
6
minutes and t is in hours, with t = 0 at 5 am.
(i)
What is the period of the function h?
(ii)
What was the value of h at low tide, and at what time did low tide
occur?
(iii)
A ship is able to enter the harbour only if the height of the tide is at
least 1.35 m. Find all times between 5 am and 5 pm on 3 March
2009 during which the ship was able to enter the harbour.
Evaluate 2 cos
(iii)
correct to three significant figures.
sin x
x4
12
(ii)
Evaluate
(i)
Differentiate loge(cos x) with respect to x.
(ii)
Hence, or otherwise, evaluate
sec
2 3x
Solution
Solution
1
2
3
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
dx.
13 TF
08
3b
tan x
dx.
13 TF
08
5a
13 TF
08
6a
13 TF
08
7b
dy
= 1 6sin 3x.
dx
The curve passes through the point (0, 7).
What is the equation of the curve?
x
Solve 2 sin2
= 1 for - x .
3
The gradient of a curve is given by
Solution
Solution
Solution
The diagram shows a sector with radius r and angle
where 0 2.
10
The arc length is
.
3
5
(i)
Show that r
.
3
(ii)
Calculate the area of the sector when r = 4.
2a
2b
(ii)
Differentiate with respect to x: (1 + tan x)10.
13 TF
07
07
(i)
Find
13 TF
07
2c
The point P(, 0) lies on the curve y = x sin x. Find the equation of the
tangent to the curve at P.
13 TF
(1 cos 3x )
dx.
2
2
2
2
Solution
Solution
Solution
13 TF
13 TF
07
07
4a
4c
Solve
2 sin x = 1 for 0
page 20
x 2.
Solution
Solution
An advertising logo is formed from two

circles, which intersect as shown in the
diagram. The circles intersect at A and B
and have centres at O and C.
The radius of the circle centred at O is
1 metre and the radius of the circle centred
at C is
3 metres. The length of OC is 2
Not to scale
metres.
13 TF
13 TF
5
D
14 AC
07
07
2 0
0
11
2cz
7b
9b
(i)
Use Pythagoras theorem to show that OAC =
(ii)
Find ACO and AOC.
(iii)
Find the area of the quadrilateral AOBC.
(iv)
Find the area of the major sector ACB.
(v)
Find the total area of the logo (the sum of all the shaded areas).
The diagram shows the graphs
of y = 3 cos x and y = sin x.
The first two points of
intersection to the right of the
y-axis are labelled A and B.
(i) Solve the equation
3 cos x = sin x to find the
x-coordinates of A and B.
(ii) Find the area of the shaded
region in the diagram.
Applications of Calculus to the Physical World Rates of Change
1
2
1
1
2
Solution
2
3
Back
Solution
t2
litres per minute,

A tap releases liquid A into a tank at the rate of 2
where t is time in minutes. A second tap releases liquid B into the same tank
1
litres per minute. The taps are opened at the same

at the rate of 1
t
1
time and release the liquids into an empty tank.

(i)
Show that the rate of liquid A is greater than the rate of flow of
liquid B by t litres per minute.
(ii)
The taps are close after 4 minutes. By how many litres is the
volume of liquid A greater than the volume of liquid B in the tank
when the taps are closed?
1
2
5
D
15 KI
15 KI
2 0
0
11 7b
10
7a
Applications of Calculus to the Physical World Kinematics (x, v, a)
15 KI
15 KI
08
07
7a
6b
5b
Solution
1
1
2
1
2
Solution
..
The acceleration of a particle is given by x = 4 cos 2t, where x is displacement

in metres and t is time in seconds. Initially the particle is at the origin with a
velocity of 1 m s-1.
(ii)
(iii)
09
Back
The velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is given by x = 8 8e-2t,

where t is the time in seconds and x is the displacement in metres.
(i)
Show that the particle is initially at rest.
(ii)
Show that the acceleration of the particle is always positive.
(iii)
Explain why the particle is moving in the positive direction for all t > 0.
(iv)
As t , the velocity of the particle approaches a constant.
Find the value of this constant.
(v)
Sketch the graph of the particles velocity as a function of time.
(i)
15 KI
page 21
Show that the velocity of the particle is given by x = 2 sin 2t + 1.

Find the time when the particle first comes to rest.
Find the displacement, x, of the particle in terms of t.
2
2
2
Solution
..
The acceleration of a particle is given by x = 8e-2t + 3e-t, where x is

displacement in metres and t is time in seconds.
Initially its velocity is -6 ms-1 and its displacement is 5 m.
(i)
Show that the displacement of the particle is given by
x = 2e-2t + 3e-t + t.
(ii)
Find the time when the particle comes to rest.
(iii)
Find the displacement when the particle comes to rest.
The graph shows the velocity of a
particle, v metres per second, as a
function of time, t seconds.
(i)
What is the initial velocity of
the particle?
(ii)
When is the velocity of the
particle equal to zero?
(iii)
When is the acceleration of
the particle equal to zero?
(iv)
By using Simpsons Rule with
five function values, estimate
the distance travelled by the
particle between t = 0 and
t = 8.
A particle is moving on the x-axis and is initially at the origin. Its velocity,
2t
v metres per second, at time t seconds is given by v =
.
16 t 2
(i)
What is the initial velocity of the particle?
(ii)
Find an expression for the acceleration of the particle.
(iii)
Find the time when the acceleration of the particle is zero.
(iv)
Find the position of the particle when t = 4.
2
3
1
Solution
1
1
1
3
Solution
1
2
1
3
15 KI
15 KI
5
D
16
GD
07
07
10
a
10
ax
2 0
0
11 10
a
16
GD
10
8a
16
GD
09
6b
16
GD
08
5c
page 22
An object is moving on the

x-axis. The graph shows the
dx
velocity,
, of the object, as
dt
a function of time, t. The
coordinates of the points
shown on the graph are
A(2, 1), B(4, 5), C(5, 0) and
D(6, -5). The velocity is
constant for t 6.
(i)
Using Simpsons rule,
estimate the distance
travelled between t = 0
and t = 4.
(Not to scale)
(ii)
The object is initially at
the origin. During which
time(s) is the displacement of the object decreasing?
(iii)
Estimate the time at which the object returns to the origin. Justify
your answer.
(iv)
Sketch the displacement, x, as a function of time.
Apps of Calculus to Phys World Exponential Growth & Decay
The intensity I, measured in watt/m2, of a sound is given by I = 1012 e0.1L,
where L is the loudness of the sound in decibels.
(i)
If the loudness of a sound at a concert is 110 decibels, find the
intensity of the sound. Give your answer in scientific notation.
(ii)
Ear damage occurs if the intensity of a sound is greater than
8.1 109 watt/m2. What is the maximum loudness of a sound so
that no ear damage occurs?
(iii)
By how much will the loudness of a sound have increased if its
intensity has doubled?
Assume that the population, P, of cane toads in Australia has been growing at
dP
a rate proportional to P. That is,
= kP, where k is a positive constant.
dt
There were 102 cane toads brought to Australia from Hawaii in 1935.
Seventy-five years later, in 2010, it is estimated that there are 200 million
cane toads in Australia.
If the population continues to grow at this rate, how many can toads will there
be in Australia in 2035?
Radium decays at a rate proportional to the amount of radium present. That is,
if Q(t) is the amount of radium present at time t, then Q = Ae-kt , where k is a
positive constant and A is the amount present at t = 0. It takes 1600 years for
an amount of radium to reduce by half.
(i)
Find the value of k.
(ii)
A factory site is contaminated with radium. The amount of radium on
the site is currently three times the safe level. How many years will it
be before the amount of radium reaches the safe level?
Light intensity is measured in lux. The light intensity at the surface of a lake is
6000 lux. The light intensity, I lux, a distance s metres below the surface of
the lake is given by I = Ae-ks where A and k are constants.
(i)
Write down the value of A.
(ii)
The light intensity 6 metres below the surface of the lake is 1000 lux.
Find the value of k.
(iii)
At what rate, in lux per metre, is the light intensity decreasing
6 metres below the surface of the lake?
Solution
1
2
1
Back
Solution
1
2
2
4
Solution
Solution
2
2
Solution
1
2
2
16
GD
5
D
17
CT
07
8a
2 0
0
11 10
b
page 23
One model for the number of mobile phones in use worldwide is the
exponential growth model, N = Aekt, where N is the estimate for the number of
mobile phones in use (in millions), and t is the time in years after 1 January
2008.
(i)
It is estimated that at the start of 2009, when t = 1, there will be
1600 million mobile phones in use, while at the start of 2010, when
t = 2, there will be 2600 million. Find A and k.
(ii)
According to the model, during which month and year will the number
of mobile phones in use first exceed 4000 million?
Combined Topics
A farmer is fencing a paddock using P metres of fencing.
The paddock is to be in the shape of a sector of a circle
with radius r and sector in radians, as shown in the
diagram.
(i)
Show that the length of fencing required to fence
the perimeter of the paddock is P = r( + 2).
(ii)
Show that the area of the sector is A =
1
Pr
2
r 2.
(iii)
17
CT
10
10
a
Find the radius of the sector, in terms of P, that will maximize the area
of the paddock.
(iv)
Find the angle that gives the maximum area of the paddock.
(v)
Explain why it is only possible to construct a paddock in the shape of a
P
P
sector if
<r<
.
2( 1)
2
In the diagram, ABC is an
isosceles triangle AC = BC = x.
The point D on the interval AB
is chosen so that AD = CD.
Let AD = a, DB = y and
ADC = .
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
17
CT
09
10
Show that ABC is similar to ACD.

Show that x2 = a2 + ay
Show that y = a(1 2cos)
Deduce that y 3a.
Let f(x) = x
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Solution
3
2
Back
Solution
1
1
2
1
2
Solution
2
1
2
1
Solution
x2
x3
+
.
2
3
Show that the graph of y = f(x) has no turning points.

Find the point of inflexion of y = f(x).
1
x3
(i) Show that 1 x + x2 =
for x -1.
1 x
1 x
(ii) Let g(x) = ln (1 + x).
Use the result in part (c) (i) to show that f (x) g (x) for all x 0.
On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x)
for x 0.
d
Show that
[(1 + x) ln (1 + x) (1 + x)] = ln (1 + x).
dx
Find the area enclosed by the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x), and the
straight line x = 1.
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
17
CT
07
8b
page 24
In the diagram, AE is parallel to BD,

AE = 27, CD = 8, BD = p, BE = q and
ABE, BCD and BDE are equal.
Copy or trace this diagram into your
writing booklet.
(i)
Prove that ABE ||| BCD.
(ii)
Prove that EDB ||| BCD.
(iii)
Show that 8, p, q, 27 are the
first four terms of a geometric
series.
(iv)
Hence find the values of p and q.
Solution
2
2
1
2
(Not to scale)

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Mathematics Higher School Certificate Examinations by Topics 2011 2007 compiled by projectmaths,com.

Basic Arithm. & Algebra

Basic Arithmetic and Algebra

Rationalise the denominator of

. Give your answer in the simplest

Rationalise the denominator in the expression

where n is an integer and n 1.

Expand and simplify (

Solve 2x 5 > 3 and graph the solution on a number line.

Find integers a and b such that

2 5 correct to two decimal places.

Rationalise the denominator of

The diagram shows a regular

The diagram shows ADE, where B

In the diagram, ABC is a right-angled triangle,

Copy or trace this triangle into your

In the diagram, XR bisects PRQ

In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram

In the diagram, ABCDE is a regular pentagon.

In the diagram, AE is parallel to BD, AE =

Real Functions of a Real Variable and Their Geometrical Representation

The diagram shows the graphs

Write down the inequalities

x 8 . What is the domain of f(x)?

Trigonometric Ratios Review and Some Preliminary Results

In the diagram, the shop at S is

In the diagram, A, B and C are the

Sketch the graph of y 2x = 3, showing the intercepts on both axes.

The circle in the diagram has centre N.

Shade the region in the plane defined by y 0 and y 4 x2.

In the diagram, the points A and C lie on the

Find the equation of the line BC.

Find the area of the triangle ABC.

Let M be the midpoint of (1,4) and (5,8).

In the diagram ABCD is a quadrilateral. The

In the diagram, A, B and C are the

Consider the geometric series 5 + 10x + 20x2 + 40x3 +

Let f(x) = x3 3x2 + kx + 8, where k is a constant. Find the values of k for

The diagram illustrates the design

The Quadratic Polynomial and the Parabola

The quadratic equation x2 6x + 2 = 0 has roots and .

A parabola has focus (3, 2) and directrix y = 4.

Find the coordinates of the focus, S, of the parabola

Let y = f(x) be a function defined for

Find the cost of laying the cable in a straight line from P to S.

Show that (x) = k(b2x -

How far is the beam below the x-axis at x = 0?

The diagram shows two

Two sound sources, of loudness L1_and L2_are placed m metres apart.

The table gives the speed v of a

is measured in metres per minute, in intervals of 5 minutes. The distance

covered by the jogger over the 20-minute period is given by

k dx = 30, and k is a constant, find the value of k.

The diagram shows a block of land and

In the diagram, the shaded

In the shaded region in the

Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

State whether the approximation found in (ii) is greater than or less

than the exact value of

ln x dx. Justify your answer.