TLE Module (Electrical Installation)

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Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum


Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND


MAINTENANCE
EXPLORATORY COURSE
Grades 7 and Grade 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS

What Is This Module


About ? ................................................................................... 2
How Do You Use This
Module ............................................................................... 4
LESSON 1 Prepare Electrical Supplies, Materials and
Tools.5 - 45
LESSON 2 Perform Mensuration and Calculation
...46 - 74
LESSON 3 Interpret Technical Drawing and
Plans.....75 - 93
LESSON 4 Maintain Tools and Equipment ..
.94 - 127
LESSON 5 Practice Occupational Safety and
Health. 128 - 158
ANSWER
KEYS ...........................................................................................
..... 159 - 169
Acknowledgment .........................................................................
.................................. 170

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

What Is This Module About?


Welcome to the world of Electrical Installation and Maintenance!
This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Electrical Installation
and Maintenance National Certificate Level II ( NC II) 1. It covers
5
common
competencies that a Grade 7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student
like you ought to possess, namely:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Prepare electrical supplies, materials, and tools;


Perform mensuration and calculations;
Interpret technical drawings and plans;
Maintain tools and equipment; and
Practice occupational health and safety

These 5 common competencies are covered separately in 5 Lessons. As shown


below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one or two learning outcomes:
Lesson 1 Prepare electrical supplies, materials, and tools
LO1. Identify electrical supplies, materials, and tools needed in electrical/wiring
installation
LO 2. Request appropriate supplies, materials, and tools for a specific job
LO 3. Receive and inspect electrical supplies, materials and tools
Lesson 2 Perform Mensuration and Calculations
LO 1. Select measuring tools and instruments
LO 2. Carry out Measurements and Calculations
Lesson 3
Interpret Technical Drawing and Plans
LO1. Analyze signs, symbols and data
LO2. Interpret technical drawings and plans
Lesson 4 Maintain Tools and Equipment
LO 1. Check condition of tools and equipment
LO 2 Perform basic preventive maintenance
LO 3 Store tools and equipment

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (NC) is a certification issued to individuals who achieved all the required units of
competency for a national qualification as defined under the Training Regulations. NCs are aligned to specific
levels within the PTQF. (TESDA Board Resolution No. 2004-13, Training Regulations Framework)

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL refers to the four (4) qualification levels defined in the Philippine TVET
Qualifications Framework (PTQF) where the worker with:
a. NC I performs a routine and predictable tasks; has little judgment; and, works under supervision;
b. NC II performs prescribed range of functions involving known routines and procedures; has limited
choice and complexity of functions, and has little accountability;

Lesson 5 Practice Occupational Health and Safety

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

LO 1. Identify
hazards
and
risks
LO 2 Evaluate risks and
hazards
LO 3 Control hazards and risks
Your success in this exploratory course on Electrical Installation and Maintenance
is shown in your ability to perform the performance standards found in each learning
outcome.

How Do You Use This Module?


ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

This Module has 5 Lessons. Each Lesson has the following parts.

Learning Outcomes
Performance Standards
Materials/Resources
Definition of Terms
What Do You Already Know?
What Do You Need to Know?
How Much Have You Learned?
How Do You Apply What You Learned?
How Well Did You Perform?
How Do You Extend Your Learning?
References

To get the most from this Module, you need to do the following:
1. Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outcome/s and Performance
Standards. These tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this
Module.
2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer
against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items correctly, you may
proceed to the next Lesson. This means that you need not go through the Lesson
because you already know what it is about. If you failed to get 99 to 100% correctly,
go through the Lesson again and review especially those items which you failed to
get.
3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin
with one or more Information
Sheets. An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you
need to know.
After reading the Information Sheet, test yourself on how much you learned
by means of the Self-check. Refer to the Answer Key for correction. Do not hesitate
to go back to the Information Sheet when you do not get all test items correctly.
This will ensure your mastery of basic information.
4. Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity / Operation /Job Sheet
directs you to do.
5. You must be able to apply what you have learned in another activity or in real life
situation.
6. Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics for you to know how well you performed.
Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key terms for your guide.
They can be of great help. Use them fully.

If you have q uestions, ask your teacher for assistance.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

LESSON 1

Prepare Electrical Supplies, Mat


and Tools

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson
,you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1.dentify
i
electrical supplies, materials, and
LO 2.equest
r
appropriate supplies, materials, a
specific
ob;
j and
LO 3.eceive
r
and inspect electrical supplies, m
tools.
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

Definition of Terms
Ampere - a unit of measure of electric current
Circuit - the path of electric current from the source to the components and goes
back to the source
Kilowatt - a unit of power which is equivalent to 1000w
Conductor - a wire or a cord which provides path for current flow
Resistance - the quality of electric current measured in ohms that resist the flow of
current
Hot wire - a wire through which current flows
Insulator material used to cover electric wires which may be made from plastic,
rubber, or asbestos.
Tools - are implements used to modify raw materials for human use
Corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) - commonly known as flexible non-metallic
conduit or the moldflex
Metallic Conduits- metal raceways that was classified into four; rigid steel conduit
(RSC), intermediate metallic conduit or tubing (IMC or IMT), electrical metallic
conduit or tubing (EMC or EMT) and the flexible metallic conduit (FMC)
Non-metallic conduits- plastic conduits or raceways designed to be a channel of
wire that are classified as; rigid non-metallic conduit or the PVC, the flexible
nonmetallic or CPC, and the surface plastic molding
Connectors and Adapters - accessories that are used to connect from boxes to
conduits or raceways to the other boxes in the electrical system

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

LEA RNING OUTCOME 1


Prepare electrical supplies, materials, and tools
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Tools and materials are identified as per job requirement.


Tools are classified according to its function as per job requirement.
Materials are classified according to its uses on a specific project.
Tools and materials are selected.

Materials/ Resources
1. Utility box
2. Connectors
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Male Plug
Fuse
Junction Box
Conduits
Circuit Breaker

8. Electrical Wires
9. Corrugated Plastic Conduit (CPC)

15. Switch Plates


16. Cut-out boxes

10. Receptacles
11. Fuse Panel/ Safety switch
12. Square boxes
13. PVC conduit
14. Switches

TOOLS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Long Nose Pliers


Stubby Screw Driver
Wire Stripper
Portable Electric Drill
Philips Screw Driver
Combination Pliers
Hammer
Electricians Knife

9. Hacksaw
10. Diagonal cutting pliers
11. Half-round file
12. Round file
13. Spirit level

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about preparing electrical s
materials and tools. Take this test.

Pretest LO 1

Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify what is being described or defined.
Choose your answer from the words inside the box.

Long Nose Pliers

Circuit Breaker

Electricians Knife

Utility box

Philips Screw Driver

Connectors

Male Plug

Fuse Combination Pliers

Stubby Screw Driver

Hammer
Portable Electric Drill
Wire Stripper
Junction Box

Conduits

______________1. This is used for griping, holding, cutting electrical wires and cables
and even small nails. Usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks.
______________2. Used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach tight space
or small opening where other pliers cannot reach and also used in making terminal
loops of copper wires.
______________3. This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. It is used to drive
screws with cross slot heads.
______________4. This is tools used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails.
______________5. A tool used for removing insulation of medium sized wires ranging
from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
______________6. A small drilling machine with a chuck capacity of to 3/8. It is
used in making holes on metal sheets and concrete walls.
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

______________7. Comes in either Standard or Philips screw driver with


short shank or blade and shorted handle used to turn screws in tight space
where standard screw driver cannot be used.
______________8. Used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and
cables in low and high voltage transmission lines.
______________9. Is a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric
current. A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a
current consuming instrument or appliance.
______________10. This is a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut
the current when an over load or short circuit happens.
______________11. This is a rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material in
which flush type convenience outlet and switch are attached.
______________12. Are electrical materials used as the passage of wires for protection
and Insulation.
______________13. Are used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the junction
or utility boxes.
______________14. This is a protective device used to automatically cut off the current
when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or over load occurs.
______________15. Is an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections
or joints of wires are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is attached.

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90
100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If
not, do the next activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills
required for mastery.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 1.1
ry well
ve
then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing .Self

Information Sheet 1.1

Electrical Tools and Equipment


Electrical task can be accomplished systematically to save time, effort, and
resources. Most of the work cannot be done using bare hands. To do the task, electrical
tools or equipment are needed to perform the job. This lesson will discuss the function/use
of each tool or equipment used in electrical wiring installations.
The following are common electrical tools and equipment needed in the
installation of electrical wiring.

I.

SCREW
DRIVERS.
These tools
made of steel
hardened and
tempered at
tip used to
loosen or
tighten
screws with
slotted heads.
come in
various sizes
shapes.

A. Standard/Flat
Screw
Driver. The
tip is wedgeshaped and

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

are

the

They
and

blade

10

resembles a negative (-) sign. This is used to drive screws


with a single slot head.
B. Philips Screw
Driver. This has a cross tip
resembling a positive (+) sign.
This is used to drive screws
with cross slot heads.

C. Stubby Screw Driver. It


comes in either Standard or
Philips screw driver with short
shank or blade and a shorted
handle used to turn screws in
tight space where standard
screw driver cannot be used.

D. Allen Screw Driver/Wrench.


This could be in the shape of a
screw driver or a wrench. Its
function is to drive screw with
hexagonal slot head.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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II. HAMMERS. These are tools


used in driving or pounding
and pulling out nails. They are
made of hard steel, wood,
plastic or rubber. The following
are types of hammer: A. Claw
hammer
B. Mallet(rubber head)
C. Ballpeen hammer

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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III.
made from
insulators in
are used for
bending,
gripping
cables.

PLIERS. These
metal with
the handle and
cutting, twisting,
holding, and
wires and

A. Combination
(Linemans
used for
holding, and
wires and
small nails.
used by
heavy tasks.

Pliers
Pliers). This is
gripping,
cutting electrical
cables and even
They are usually
linemen in doing

B. Side Cutting
of pliers is
fine, medium
and cables.

Pliers. This type


used for cutting
and big wires

C. Long Nose
used for
holding fine
reach tight
opening
pliers cannot
used in
loops of

Pliers. This is
cutting and
wires. This can
space or small
where other
reach and also
making terminal
copper wires.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education
Portable electric drill

13

IV. Wire Stripper- A tool used for removing insulation of medium sized wires ranging from
gauge #10 to gauge #16.

V. Electricians Knife. This is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables
in low and high voltage transmission lines.

VI. Portable Electric drill. A small drilling machine with a chuck


capacity of to 3/8. It is used in making holes on metal sheets and concrete
walls.

VII. Hacksaw. This tool is used to


cut metal conduit and
armored cable.
Hacksaw

Electrical Supplies and Materials


Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to:
1.
2.
3.
4.

control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;


carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming apparatus;
hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and buildings; and
protect the houses, buildings, appliances and instruments from any destruction and
damage.
The following are the most commonly used electrical materials.

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MATERIALS AND
DESCRIPTION

PICTURES

Convenience
outleta
device that acts as a convenient source of
electrical energy for current consuming
appliances. It is where the male plug of an
appliance is inserted and usually fastened
on the wall or connected in an extension
cord. It maybe single, duplex, triplex or
multiplex and could be surface type or flush
type.

Surface type (duplex)

Flush type (duplex)

Male plug- a device inserted to a


convenience outlet to conduct electric
current. A flat cord is attached to it on one
end and the other end is connected to a
current consuming instrument or appliance.

Lamp holders- devices that hold and


protect the lamp and are also called as
Lamp
Sockets/Receptacles. These
come in many designs and sizes. They are
classified as flush, hanging (weather
proof/chain) and surface types.

Male
plugs

Flush type

Surface type

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

Hanging (chain)

Hanging (weather)

15

Switch - a device that connects and


disconnects the flow of electric current in a
circuit. There are many shapes, designs,
and types and they are classified as
hanging, flush, and surface types.

Surface type

Flush type

Fuse - a circuit protective device that


automatically blows and cut the current
when and over load or short circuit
happens.

Knife blade

Hanging type

Cartridge

Plug type

Circuit Breaker - a protective device used


to automatically blows and cuts the current
when trouble in the circuit such as short
circuit or overload occurs.
Circuit breaker

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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Junction Box - an octagonal


shaped electrical material
where the connections or
joints of wires are being done. It is also
where the flush type lamp holder is
attached. This could be made of metal or
plastic (PVC) Polyvinylchloride.

Plastic

Metal

Utility Box - a rectangular shaped metallic


or plastic (PVC) material in which flush type
convenience outlet and switch are attached.

METAL

PLASTIC

Flat Cord- Is a duplex stranded wire used


for temporary wiring installation and
commonly used in extension cord
assembly. It comes in a roll of 150 meters
and with sizes of gauge # 18 and gauge #
16 awg (American wire gauge).

Flat cord
Electrical Wire/Conductormaterial that could be:

electrical

a. Stranded wire which is made of multiple


strands joined together to make a single
wire.

a. Stranded wire

b. Solid wire is made of a single strand of


copper or aluminum wire. These are used
in wiring installation inside and outside the
buildings.

b. Solid wire

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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Conduits/Pipes- electrical materials used


as the passage of wires for protection and
insulation. These could be rigid metallic,
flexible metallic conduit (FMC), rigid
nonmetallic (PVC), and flexible non-metallic
or corrugated plastic conduit (CPC)

Metallic conduit

Flexible Non-metallic conduit or corrugated


plastic conduit (CPC)

Rigid Non-metallic conduit (PVC)

Clamps- electrical materials used to hold


and anchor electrical conduits in its proper
position.

Metal clamp

Connectors- used to attach metallic or


non-metallic conduit to the junction or utility
boxes.

Metal connector

Plastic clamp

Flexible non
metallic connector

COMMON WIRE SPLICES AND JOINTS


Introduction
As a student in Electrical Installation and Maintenance you should acquire the important
knowledge and skills in wire splices and joints and should be familiar with the actual
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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application of every splice and joint. This will serve as your tool in performing
actual wiring installation. Of course, another factor is the knowledge in
interpreting and analyzing the wiring diagram especially if the circuit is
complicated.
The following are the Common Electrical Wire Splices and Joints.

Rat Tail or Pig Tail. This kind of joint is


commonly used to join two or more
conductors inside the junction box. It is
suitable for service where there is no
mechanical stress when wires are to be
connected in an outlet box, switch, or
conduit fitting

Y-splice. This method of wrapping is


generally used on small cables because
the strands are flexible and all can be
wrapped in one operation.

Plain tap joint. This is used where the


Knotted tap. This is used where the tap tap wire is under considerable tensile
wire is under heavy tensile stress.
stress circuit.

Duplex cross joint. This is a two-tap


Aerial tap. This is used as a temporary tap wire turned simultaneously and is used
usually done in constructions sites. The where the two tap wire is under heavy
easy twist will facilitate tap wire movement tensile stress.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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Western Union Short-tie Splice. This is


the most widely used splice or joint in
interior wiring installation to extend the
length of wire from one point to another.
Western Union Long Tie. This is used
extensively for outside wiring to extend
the length of wire from one end to
another.

Cross joint. The same application is done


as in plain tap and the only difference is
that this tap is a combination of two plain
taps place side by side with each other.

Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint. This is


used on large solid conductors where it
is difficult to
wrap the heavy tap wire
around the main wire.

EXTENSION CORD
An extension cord is a span of flexible electrical power cable with a plug on one
end and multiple sockets on the other end. It comes in several varieties to suit the needs of
the user. One of the most important considerations is the power handling capacity to make it
safe and functional.
Electrical gadgets are product of modern technology to make our life better. The
number of electrical gadgets available at home and in offices may exceed the existing
convenience outlet installed in every room. The best remedy to address the insufficiency of
available outlet is to use an extension cord especially if the electrical gadgets need to
operate at the same time.
REMINDER
Be careful in buying an extension cord. You have to look for the Department of
Trade and Industry (DTI) markings. The Product Standard (PS) or Import Commodity
Clearance (ICC) markings on it signify that the product passed the DTI standard for safety
and quality.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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Sample pictures of extension cords using different materials

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How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check1.1
Direction.

Identify each of the following tools/materials

Refer to the Answer Key. What is re?


your sco

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing this activity
OperationSheet 1.1

SKINNING OF WIRE USING DIFFERENT


TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
DIRECTION. Given are sets of tasks and their corresponding pictures, practice those using
appropriate tools and materials. Your performance will be judged using the following criteria:
PERFORMANCE RUBRICS:
CRITERIA
Accuracy

Workmanship
Proper handling of
tools
Speed

Legend:
1- Poor 2- Fair
SCALE

3- Good
4. Excellent
DESCRIPTION

POINTS

Excellent

93-100

Good

86-92

Fair

79-85

Poor

78 and below

Accuracy- the ability to follow the procedures/directions with precision.

Workmanship- the art, skill and finality of work.

Proper handling of tools- the ability to apply proper handling of tools for a given
task. o Speed- efficiency of work.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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TOOLS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Combination Plier
Side cutting plier
Long nose plier
Wire stripper
Electricians knife

MATERIALS:
Solid and stranded copper wires of different sizes; #14, #12, #10

Tasks

Pictures of the Tasks

1. Skin a wire using an electricians knife,


about 1 to 1 inches long.

2. Skin a wire using combination and


side cutting pliers about 1 inches long.
Make sure that there will be no knick
( deep cut across the wire) on your
skinned wires.

3. Remove insulators using wire stripper


about 1 to 1 inches long

Operation Sheet 1.2A

A CONNECTING SKINNED WIRES TO WIRING MATERIALS


OBJECTIVE: To be able to properly connect skinned wires to bulb receptacles,
convenience outlets, switches, or any other wiring materials.
TOOLS
1. Combination pliers
2. Side cutting pliers
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Long nose pliers


Wire stripper
Electricians knife
Phillips screw drivers
Flat screw drivers

MATERIALS:
Electrical wires used in Activity 1.1
PROCEDURE:
Follow procedure on the table below

1. Make terminal loops using long nose


pliers from your skinned wires of
about 1 to 1 inches long.

2. Connect the skinned wire to screw


terminals of the bulb receptacle.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be
connected or attached to the
terminal screw in clockwise
direction.

3. Insert the loop to the screw and


tighten it to the convenience outlet.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be
connected or attached to the
terminal screw in clockwise
direction.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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4. Insert the loop to the screw of the


switch and tighten it.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be
connected or attached to the terminal
screw in clockwise direction.

5. Insert the loop to the screw of the fuse


terminal and tighten it.
*Be sure that the wire loop is to be
connected or attached to the terminal
screw in clockwise direction.

Operation Sheet 1.2B


SPLICING OF WIRES
DIRECTIONS: Below are pictures of common wire splices and joints used in electrical
wiring installations. Practice doing the task by following the steps given. Your performance
will be judged using the rubric:
Steps in splicing a rat tail joint
Steps

Figures

1. Strip the wire insulator at the


ends of the conductor to be
joined at about 50 mm. Clean
both wires to be joined.

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Place the two ends of


bare wire in crossed
position.

2.

3.
Then,
twist
the
bare
conductors about five to seven
times.

Steps in splicing western union long- tie joint


Steps

Figures

1.
Strip the wire ends for about 75
mm.

Place the wires in crossed


position about mid halfway
2. from the insulation.

3.

Make four to six long twists of


wires.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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4. Wrap each side of the wire for


about four to five turns as
shown in figure 4.

Steps in splicing aerial tap joint


Steps

Figures

Strip the tap wire end about 75


mm. and the main wire end
about 25 mm.

Place the wires in crossed


position intersecting about 5
mm from the insulation of the
tap wire and the main wire.

Bend the tap wire over the main


wire making a long twist.

Turn the tap wire around the main


wire making four to five turns.

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How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 1.2

A.

Direction: Inside each piece of puzzle are jumbled letters. Arrange these letters to
form the correct word on types of joints and splices/wire connections.

1.
A

A P

2.

I
T

I
N

L
C

R
E
I

4.
3.
1 ._________

_________________________

2.__________________________________
3.__________________________________
4.__________________________________
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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing this activity.
Operation Sheet 1.3A
INTRODUCTION
Underwriters knot is one of the skills needed in making an extension cord. It is
neither a joint nor a splice but a knot that is made in an extension cord. Its purpose is to
relieve the strain on small wires of the cord and binding screws of convenience outlets and
male plug.
For you to make a quality and safe output you have to strictly follow the given procedure in
making an underwriters knot. Below is the procedure.
You will be rated by the use of this performance rubics.
PERFORMANCE RUBRICS:
CRITERIA
Accuracy
Workmanship
Proper handling of
tools
Speed

Legend:
1- poor
SCALE
4
3
2
1

2- fair
3- good
DESCRIPTION
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor

4. Excellent
POINTS
93-100
86-92
79-85
78 and below

Materials:

Flat cord no.18 AWG Tools:


Side cutting
long nose
combination pliers

Wire stripper/electricians knife


Procedure and picture:
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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1. Split the end of the flat cord


about 8 centimeters long.

Bend the left strand of the cord and


place it at the back of the main cord
1. following the arrow.

2.
Bend the right strand of cord. Place
it at the back of left strand and over
the main cord.

3.
Insert the right strand cord inside the
loop made by left strand cord.

4. Pull both strands of the flat cord to


tighten the knot.

Operation Sheet 1.3B

PROJECT PLAN IN MAKING AN EXTENSION CORD


INTRODUCTION

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You might be wondering why there are several projects which are not completely
done. Well, there are several reasons why this happens. It might be out of budget or not
properly planned. So, this Lesson will help you achieve the desired quality project.
A project plan is necessary before undertaking any project because it serves as your guide
in accomplishing an activity. It will give you an idea what needs to be done, how much to
spend and what procedures to undertake.
A well prepared project plan saves time and cost of materials. Below is a sample
project plan of an extension cord. This format can also be used in preparing a plan for other
projects in the future.

Project Plan - (Making an extension cord)


Name of Student:_________________________ Year & Section:__________________
I. Name of Project: Extension Cord Assembly Date Started: ___________________
Date Finished: __________________
II. Objective:
a. Demonstrate how to make an extension cord.
b. Observe safety measures while doing the project.
III. Sketch/Drawing:

IV. Materials Needed:


Qty.
Unit

Description

Unit Cost

Total Cost

pc.

Convenience Outlet (surface type


duplex)

Php 40.00

Php 40.00

meters

Flat Cord # 18 AWG

Php 12.00

Php 36.00

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1
2

pc.
Pcs.

Male Plug

Php 15.00

Php 15.00

Eyelet Wire Connectors

Php

Php

1.50

3.00

TOTAL COST OF MATERIALS

Php 94.00

+ cost of labor (approximately 20%-30% of cost of materials)

Php 28.00
(30%)

SELLING COST

PHP 122.00

Sample Pictures of Materials Needed

Flat Cord

Male Plug Eyelet wire connectors

Convenience Outlet

V. Tools and Equipment Needed:


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Standard/Flat Screw Driver


Philips Screw Driver
Long Nose Pliers
Side Cutting Pliers
Electricians knife/ Pocket knife
Continuity Tester or Multi-tester

VI. Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Prepare the plan.


Gather all necessary materials, tools and equipment needed.
Insert cord into the male plug, split the cord wires about 8 centimeters long.
Remove insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long with a pocket knife as if
sharpening a pencil. Be careful not to cut any strand.
5. Scrape bare wire with the back of the knife until shiny. Twist the wire stands.
6. Tie the underwriters knot.
7. Make a loop on terminal wires and connect the wires to the screw of the male
plug. The loop should go with the thread clockwise direction.
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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8. Split the cord wires at the other end about 4 centimeters long, then follow
procedure no. 4.
9. Connect the wires to the connectors.
10. Open the convenience outlet then remove the screw.
11. Insert the wire connectors to the screws, tighten it and return the cover.
12. Check the continuity and test the extension cord.

How Well Did You Perform


?
Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.
Remember it
is your learning at stake!

Criteria for Assessment:


CRITERIA
Accuracy
Workmanship
Proper handling of
tools
Speed

PERFORMANCE RUBRICS:
1
2

Legend:

o
o
o

1- Poor
2- Fair
3- Good
4. Excellent
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
POINTS
4
Excellent
93-100
3
Good
86-92
2
Fair
79-85
1
Poor
78 and below
Accuracy- the ability to follow the procedures/directions with precision.
Workmanship- the art, skill and finality of work.
Proper handling of tools- the ability to apply proper handling of tools for a given
task. o Speed- efficiency of work.

LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Request appropriate supplies, materials, and tools fo


specific job

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PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Needed materials and tools listed as per job requirement.

Materials and tools are requested according to the list prepared.

Requests are done as per company standard operating procedures


(SOP)

Unavailable materials and tools are substituted and


provided without sacrificing cost and quality of work.

Materials/ Resources
1. Inventory form
2. Requisition form
3. Job order form
4. Borrowers form

What Do You Already Know?

Let us
determine how much you already know about requesting appropriate
supplies, materials, and tools for a specific job. Take this test.

Pretest LO 2
Direction: Match the forms in Column A with the corresponding descriptions in
Column B. Write the letter of your answer.
Column A
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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Column B
35

1. A document generated by a user


department or storeroom-personnel to
notify the purchasing department of
items it needs to order, their quantity, and
the time frame

_____ a. Inventory of Materials Form

2. The raw materials, work-in-process goods


and completely finished goods that are
considered to be the portion of a
business's assets that
are ready or will be ready for sale
3. A form use to request for tools and
equipment
to be used for a particular job. is a
written
instruction to perform a work
4. A written instruction to perform a work
according to specified requirements,
within specified timeframe and cost
estimates.

_____ b. Requisition Slip Form

_____ c. Job Order/ Work Order Form

_____d. Borrowers Form

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If
not, do the next activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required
for mastery.

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheetvery
2.1 well then find out how much you can
remember and how
uch
m you learned doing
by Self- check1.1.

Information Sheet
.1 2

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORMS


Correctness of the entry of different forms used in electrical work is necessary in
order to acquire right, complete and accurate number of materials and tools needed in a
specific electrical job. Here are samples of different forms used in electrical work.

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1. Purchase requisition is a document generated by a user department or


storeroompersonnel to notify the purchasing department items it needs to
order, their quantity, and the timeframe. It may also contain the
authorization to proceed with the purchase. This is also called purchase
request or requisition.
REQUISITION SLIP FORM
Name:
Project:
Location:
Classification: Purpose:
NO.
QUANTITY

_______________
REQUISITIONER

UNIT

______________
TEACHER

DESCRIPTION

_____________
HEAD

UNIT
COST

TOTAL
COST

_____________
PRINCIPAL

2. Inventory are raw materials, work-in-process goods and completely finished goods that
are considered to be the portion of a business's assets that are ready or will be ready for
sale. Inventory represents one of the most important assets that most businesses
possess, because the turnover of inventory represents one of the primary sources of
revenue generation and subsequent earnings for the company's shareholders/owners.

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INVENTORY OF MATERIALS FORM


Name:
Section:
School:
Shop lab.:
Purpose:
Tools/
Equipm Qty.
ent

________________
REQUISITIONER

No. of
Functional

No. of not
Functional
but
Repairable

______________
TEACHER

No. of
Condemnable

No. of
Borrowed

No. of
Missing

________________ _______________
HEAD
PRINCIPAL

Date:_______________________

3. Job order or Work Order form is a written instruction to perform a work according to
specified requirements, within specified timeframe and cost estimates.

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SAMPLE OF JOB ORDER FORM OR WORK


ORDER FORM

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4. BORROWERS FORM is a form used to request for tools and equipment needed for a
particular job. It indicates the department that the borrower is connected, the date, the
job that is to be done, who is the person to approve the request, when it was returned
and if it was in good condition.
EQUIPMENT BORROWERS FORM
(Revised 31August2010; Accomplish in duplicate)
REQUEST NO: __________________ (do not fill up this item)
DATE: _________________________
MR / MS ______________________
___________________________
____________________
(Please encircle)
SURNAME
GIVEN NAME
MIDDLE
______________________
______________________ _____________________
ADDRESS:
CONTACT NO. E-MAIL ADDRESS:
Please check:
Student
Student No. _______ ______________
Subject: _____________________
Dept Faculty
Employee No. ____________________
Dept.
REPS/Staff
Department College:___________________________________________
Others
Office Address. ______________________________________________
Accompanying DGE-TCAGP Member: _________________________________________________
PURPOSE: __________________________________________________________________________
INTENDED PERIOD OF USE: ________________ to __________________ LOCATION:
_________________
CHECKLIST OF REQUESTED ITEMS *:

* If more than 8 items, provide another attachment.


** Do not fill this part; to be countersigned by authorized staff upon receipt and return.

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL (for DGE students): ________________________________ Thesis


Adviser/Faculty-in-Charge)
Borrowers Name in Print and Signature
This is to certify that:
Date: ___________________________________ 1. I have read, understood, and agreed to the Terms of (Fill
this portion only during the time of borrowing.) Use for AG&ST Equipment (back of this page).
APPROVED:
________________________________
due
JUAN DELA CRUZ JR., Dr. Eng.
AG&ST Lab Coordinator
APPROVED:
_______________________________________
JUAN DELA CRUZ JR., Dr. Eng.
DGE and Director, TCAGP

2. I received the above listed equipment(s) completely and


in good order.
3 JR.. I swear to use the above listed equipment(s) with
care and diligence.
4. In case of damage or loss, I shall be
responsible for repair or replacement:
________________________________
(Borrowers Name over printed name) Chair,

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------To be accomplished upon return of equipment


Date returned: _________________________
All items in good condition? ____ YES ____ NO, (If no, please attach damage report)
Any missing item? _____ YES ____ NO, Please describe: ________________________________ Received

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by:

_________________________________

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How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check .21
Directions: Accomplish the table.
COMMON TYPES OF
FORMS
1.

DESCRIPTION

PURPOSE

2.

3.

4.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

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Show that you learned something by doing this activity.


Activity Sheet
.12

DRAMATIZATION/ROLE PLAY

OBJECTIVE:
To be able to understand and perform how to make requisition of supplies,
materials, and tools for a specific job
Materials:
Borrowers Slip/ Form
Different electrical supplies and materials in the laboratory
Tools:
All available tools to be requested in the dramatization
Persons Involved:
Minimum of 3 students (1 will act as the tool keeper and the others are the
borrowers)
Time limit:
7 to 10 minutes

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LEARNING OUTCOME 3
R eceive and inspect
electricalsupplies, materials
, and tools

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Received and inspected materials and tools as per quantity and


specification based on requisition.
Tools and materials are checked for damages and manufacturing
ects.
def
Materials and tools received are handled with appropriate safety device
Materials and tools are set aside to appropriate location nearest to the
workplace.

Materials/ Resources
1. Sample of official receipt form
2. Delivery receipt form

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determi ne how much you already know about receiving and inspecting
electrical supplies, materials, and tools. Take this test.

Pretest LO 3
Direction:
A. Complete the missing word to complete the three key words in receiving a
or supplies and materials:

shipment

1. Is it _____________________?
2. Is it _____________________?
3. Is the piece count _________?

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B. Answer the following questions and write the correct answer on the space
provided.
1. Who is responsible for requesting inspection for damaged goods
and packaging? ________________________________
2. What should you do with the copy of your request for inspection?
_______________________________________________
3. What should a person do with the findings of the inspection?
________________________________________________

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of
the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning O
utcome. If not,
do the next activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 3.1.
Information Sheet 3.1

RECEIVING AND INSPECTING FREIGHT SHIPMENTS


One of the tasks of a supply officer or logistics officer is the purchase of the companys
supplies, materials and anything that the company needs. But his duty does not end in just
purchasing but also in receiving the deliveries of what he purchased.
In receiving the deliveries, understand that you need to ensure that the right materials and
supplies were delivered and all in good condition without defects.
A. When you receive a shipment, ask the shipper the following questions:
1. Is it for me? Check the delivery receipt for the consignee's name and address. If
your agency has more than one location, make sure the goods are for this exact
address. Check the freight to see if it is the same as described on the delivery
receipt. Look at the label on each item to make sure the shipment belongs to you.
2. Is it damaged? Do not sign the receipt before inspecting for damage. Check for
holes, water, stains, and tears. Pick up cartons if you can. Check for rattling. Listen
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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for something broken inside. Check to see if any package has been opened or if the
sealing tape has been tampered with.
3. Is the piece count correct? Count the pieces and match the number on the
delivery receipt to the number you have counted. If the shipment is on a pallet,
check to make sure the pallet is solid with no voids inside the stack. If the shipment
is shrink or stretch wrapped, make sure the wrap hasn't been cut and pieces
removed. Sign only for the type of unit you receive. For example: two pallets. Don't
sign for the number of packages that are supposed to be on the pallet. However, if
time permits or the pallet is not banded or shrink wrapped, count the packages, and
only then sign for the number of packages.
B. If your delivery doesn't check out, do one of the following:
1. Refuse shipment if it isn't yours, if the shipment does not meet the terms specified by
your agency, or is damaged to the point where it no longer has a value.
2. If yours, and only partially damaged or short, accept it and note exceptions on the
delivery receipt.
C. How to note exceptions:
1. Damage Notations: Be specific. Describe the damage accurately. Pinpoint the
locations of all defects. If you can see the damage, have the driver wait while you
open and inspect the packages. Write down the number and identity of the
damaged pieces. This is called a "joint inventory."
2. Shortage Notations: If part of shipment is missing, write the number of pieces
actually delivered on the delivery receipt and circle it. Then write down the number
of pieces missing and note them as "short."
3. Signatures: Write down all exceptions on both copies of the delivery receipt. Have
the driver sign both copies of the delivery receipt in his full name (not initials or
nicknames). After the driver signs, you sign also. Write your agency's name, your
full name, the date, and the time of day.
D. Follow these steps when requesting an inspection:
1. The receiving person is responsible for requesting the carrier to inspect the
damaged goods and packaging. The formal request should be made by phone right
after discovering any loss or damage.
2. After the phone request, make a request for inspection by the carrier in writing. Note
the date and time of your previous phone call and the person contacted. Keep a
copy of your request letter on file.
3. Once contacted about damage or shortage, the carrier may waive inspection and tell
you so. If so, write down the name of the person who waived the inspection, and the
date and time of waiver. Then conduct your own detailed inspection. Write up your

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findings in a report and attach it to the file. If you can, take


photographs to confirm your inspection report.

How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check .31
a. Complete the missing word to complete the three key words in receiving a
shipment or supplies and materials:
1. Is it _____________________?
2. Is it _____________________?
3. Is the piece count _________?
b. Answer the following questions and write the correct answer on the space
provided.
1. Who is responsible for requesting inspection for damaged goods and
packaging? ________________________________
2. What should you do with the copy of your request for inspection?
_________________________________________________ 3.
What should a person do with the findings of the inspection?
_________________________________________________

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing this activity.
Activity Sheet
.13
DRAMATIZATION ON RECEIVING SUPPLIES, MATERIALS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
I.

OBJECTIVE
To practice how to receive and inspect supplies and materials for a specific job

II. PERSONS INVOLVED


1 student to act as supply officer/ tool and 1 student will act as delivery personnel
III. SITUATION
The delivery man arrived to deliver the electrical supplies and materials. The supply
officer (the other student) will inspect before receiving the supplies and materials.

C ongratulations!
You did a great job!stRe
and re
lax a while then move on to the next
lesson.Good luck!

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REFERENCES

Philippine Electrical Code. 2000 Edition.


Cardenas, Elpidio.1989, Fundamental and Elements of Electricity.
Philippines: national Bookstore.

LESSON 2
Performing Mensuration and Calculation

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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1.select measuring tools and instruments; and


LO2. c
arry out measurements and calculations.

Definition of Terms
Amperage (Amps) - a unit of measurement of electrical current flow
Ampere - a unit of measurement which describes the amount of electric current
passing a certain point at a particular time
Centimeter - hundredth of a meter
Inch - a portion of a foot, which is an English unit of linear measurement

Megger - an instrument used to measure the insulation resistance of conductors or


wire. It gives measurement in ohms or meg-ohms
Millimeter - one-thousandth of a meter
Multi-tester - an electrical measuring instrument used to measure the voltage, the
resistance or the current of a circuit. It is connected either through parallel or series
with the circuit depending on what to measure
Ohm - the unit of measurement used to express resistance
Ohmmeter - an instrument used to measure resistance in ohms
Volt - a unit of measurement of electrical pressure or voltage
Voltmeter - an instrument specially designed for measuring voltage
Wire Gauge - used to measure the diameter of magnetic wire

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LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Select Measuring Tools and Instruments

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Measuring tools and instruments are


elected/
s
classified as per object to be
measured on job requirements.

Measurements are obtained according to job requirements.


Computation of resistance, current, and voltage using Ohms Law are

obtained.

Materials/ Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Ruler
Push-pull tape rule
Multi-meter
zigzag rule
Wire gauge
Micrometer caliper
Vernier caliper

8. Activity Sheets

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What Do You Already Know?


Let us determine how much you already know about selecting measuring tools
and instruments. Take this test.

Pretest LO 1
I.

Direction: Match the electrical measuring tools and instruments in Column A


to their descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space
provided before each number.

Column A

_____1.

Column B

A. Voltmeter

B. Volt-ohmmeter
_____2.

C. Micrometer
_____3.

D. Clamp Ammeter
_____4.

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E. Wire gauge

_____5.

II. Multiple Choice:


Direction: Choose the correct answer and write only the letter on your answer
sheet.
1. An instrument used to measure the amount of electrical current intensity in a
circuit.
a. Voltmeter
b. Ammeter
c. Micrometer
d. Ohmmeter
2. A pocket sized tool used to test the line wire or circuit if there is current in it. a.
Test light
b. Wire gauge
c. Ruler
d. Pull-push rule
3. A measuring tool used to measure the length of an object in centimeter and
inches.
a. Test light
b. Wire gauge
c. Ruler
d. Pull-push rule
4. It is used to measure the diameter of wires/conductors in circular mils. It can
measure small and big sizes of wires and cables. a. Voltmeter
b. Ammeter
c. Micrometer
d. Ohmmeter
5. It is used to measure the voltage, resistance and current of a circuit. It connected
in parallel or series with the circuit depending on what to measure. a. Volt-OhmMilliammeter
b. Micrometer
c. Ohmmeter
d. Ammeter

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Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome.
If not, do the next activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for
mastery.

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and ow
h much you learned by doing
- check
Self1.1.

Information Sheet 1.1

MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS


Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical
quantity, such as a length, time, temperature, etc., to a unit of measurement, such as the
meter, second or degree Celsius. The science of measurement is called metrology.
The English word measurement originates from the Latin mnsra and the
verbmetiri through the Middle French mesure.

Electrical measuring tools and instruments are sensitive and delicate so extra care is
necessary in handling them. These are used to measure currents, voltages, resistances,
wattages and other important elements in electrical works. This topic, will tackle the
function/use of each measuring tool and instrument used in doing a electrical task. Different
kinds of measuring tools and precision measuring instruments are as follows:
Measuring tool/instrument
Description

Test Light is a pocket size tool used to test the


line wire or circuit if there is current in it.

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Micrometer is used to measure the diameter of


wires/conductors in circular mils. It can
measure small and big sizes of wires and
cables.

Wire Gauge is used in determining the size of


wires/conductors. The gauge ranges from 0 to
60 awg ( American wire gauge).

Ruler/foot rule is a measuring tool used to


measure length, width and thickness of short
flat object and in sketching straight lines

*A ruler/rule is a tool used in, for example,


geometry, technical drawing, engineering, and
carpentry, to measure lengths or distances or to
draw straight lines. Strictly speaking, the ruler is
the instrument used to rule straight lines and
the calibrated instrument used for determining
length called a measure. However, common
usage calls both instruments rulers and the
special name straight edge is used for an
unmarked rule.

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Pull-Push Rule is a measuring tool used to


measure the length of an object in centimeter
and inches
.

Ammeter is an instrument used to measure the


amount of electrical current intensity in a circuit.
The unit of measure is ampere (a). It is
connected along or series to the circuit.

Voltmeter is an instrument used to measure


electrical pressure or voltage of a circuit. The
unit of measure is volt (v). This is connected
across or parallel to the circuit.

Clamp Ammeter is also called tong-tester. It is


used to measure current flowing in a conductor.
It is clamped or hanged in a conductor.

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Volt-Ohmmeter (VOM) otherwise called as


Multi-tester; is used to measure the voltage,
resistance and current of a circuit. It is
connected in parallel or series with the circuit
depending on what to measure.

How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 1.1

Text Twist:
A. Directions: Inside Box A are jumbled letters. Arrange the letters to form words
pertaining to electrical measuring tools and instruments. Then write the words
inside Box B.

Box A
1. GEWIGREAU
2. MVLTETEOR

Box B
1.

2.

3. AACMPLMMTREE
3.
4. RPPULLUSHULE4.

B. Directions: Describe at least two of your answer in activity A.

1.__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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___________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing this activity
Activity Sheet 1.1
Directions: Using a pull-push rule measure the length, width, and thickness/height of
teachers table and blackboard eraser. Write your answer inside the corresponding box.
Measurement
Measurement
Measurement of
thickness/height
Object to be
of length
of width
Measured

Inches

Centi-

Inches

Meter

Centimeter

Inches

Centimeter

1. Teachers
table

2. Blackboard
eraser

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3. Teachers
cabinet
4. Door of the
classroom

LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Carry out measurements and calculations
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Numerical computations are


- self
checked and corrected for accuracy.
Accurate measurements are obtained according to job requirements.
Identified and converted systems of measurements
ob requirements.
to j
Measured work pieces according to job requirements.

Materials
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Paper
Ball pen
Ruler
Push-pull tape
Steel rule
Activity Sheets

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about carrying out measurement
and calculations. Take this test.

Pretest LO 2

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A. Directions: Write the equivalent value of the given unit.


_______ 1. 1cm is

_____ mm

_______ 2. 1 yard is
_______ 3. 1dm is
_______ 4. 10mm is

_____ inches
_____ cm

_____ cm

_______ 5. 1foot is
_____ inches
B. Directions: Write the correct unit abbreviation of the following:
_______ 6. Centimeter
_______ 7. Meter
_______ 8. Decimeter
_______ 9. Yard
_______10. Feet
C. Directions: Convert the following:

1.
2.

10 feet

= ________cm

70 cm

= ________mm

3.

15 inches

= ________ ft

4.

5 meters

________ yard

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

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What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing 2.1.
Self

Information Sheet 2.1

SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT
A system of measurement is a set of units which can be used to specify
anything can be measured.
These are common units of measurement used in making layout and
installation of electrical materials:
A.

Linear measures

1. English system provides the creative way on how people can measure by
themselves. For example, people measure shorter distance on the ground with
their feet. They measure long distances by their palms which is equal to a yard.
Inch
Yard
Miles
2. Metric system is a decimalized system of measurement. It exists in several
variations with different choices of base units. Metric units are widely used
around the world for personal, commercial and scientific purpose.

Millimeter
Centimeter
Decimeter
Meter

B. English units and each equivalent

12 inches
1 foot
1 yard

=
=
=

foot(ft)
3yard (yd)
36 inches

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C. Metric units and each equivalent

10millimeter (mm) = 1centimeter (cm)


10centimeter
= 1decimeter(dm)
10 decimeter
= 1meter

D.

English to metric equivalent


1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 foot = 30.48 cm
1 yard = 91.44 cm

E. The centimeter graduation

.5mm

1 mm

10mm or 1cm

25 mm or 2.5mc

The graduation shows that every digit is .5mm How


to read the cm graduation:
1.
2.
3.
4.

First graduation is .5 mm
Second graduation is 1mm
Third graduation is 1.5mm
Fourth graduation is 2mm

Note: If the graduation reaches 10mm, it is equivalent to 1cm.

F. The inch graduation


0

1/8

1/4

3/8

1/2

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5/8

3/4

7/8

1 inch
62

1/16

3/16

5/16

7/16

9/16

11/16

13/16

15/16
How to read the inch graduation:
1.
2.
3.
4.

First graduation is 1/16


Second graduation is 18
Third graduation is 3/16
Fourth graduation is 1/4, then follow the given scale above.

The inch graduation in a steel rule:

Converting the unit of measurement from English to metric and vice versa
Example:
1. 12 inches =
Since

Cancel the common unit and apply cross


multiplication.

________ cm

12 inches = 2.54 cm
1 inch
12 x 2.54 cm
1

Perform the indicated operation.

Therefore: 12 inches = 30.48 cm

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2. 6 feet = ________ inches


Since
6 feet = 12 inches
1 feet

6 x 12 inches
1
Therefore: 6 feet = 72 inches

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THE MULTITESTER
INTRODUCTION
The Multitester or multimeter is sometimes called the VOM (voltmeter,
ohmmeter, milliammeter). It is the best instrument that can measure voltage,
resistance and current. It is generally made of two types: the analog and the digital.

A. PARTS OF A MULTI TESTER

POINTER
. The
needle
- shaped rod
that moves over the
scale of a meter
.
Pointer It is mechanically
connected to the
moving coil. it
indicates the
measured values on
the multimeter
scale.

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RANGE SELECTOR KNOB


( Selector switch
) makes it
possible to select different
fu
nctions and range of the
meter.

Adjustment screw makes it possible


to adjust the pointer to the zero
position of the scale.

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SCALE
is a series of
marking used for reading
the value of a quantity
setting.

SCALE- can have different


types of scale, for voltage
and current readings the
scales have mostly
linear
which
means
equal
d
ivision. For resistance
readings, the scale have

Test probe positive


( red),
negative
( black) is used to
connect the circuit to the
electrical components being
tested

Zero
- ohm
adjustingKnob
is
used to zero
-in
the pointer befor
e
measuring
resistance.

A. Proper care and maintenance of the multi tester


1. Read manual of instructions on how to operate the multi-tester.
2. In reading the amount of voltage, always start with the highest range to avoid
reading voltage higher than the tester setting.
3. Be sure that the tester is set to the correct range setting: resistance range
when measuring the ohm, voltage range when measuring voltage and
ammeter range when measuring the value of electric current.
4. Always check the condition of its battery. Worn out batteries will damage the
internal setting of the tester.
5. When the tester is not in used or will be stored, set the selector switch to
1000V or to OFF position.
6. Never drop the tester.
B. How to read the meter scale of the multi tester
To read the resistance range of the multi-tester, the given table below will be used.
The unit of measurement to be used to determine its resistance is ohm.
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0-2

2-10

10-20

20-50

50-100

100-200

0.2

0.5

20

Range
x10

10

20

50

200

Range x1k

20

50

100

200

500

2K

Range x
10k

200

500

1K

2K

5K

20K

Range
Range x1

Pointer deflection
Range setting is X1
Reading is 2.5ohms

Pointer deflection
Range setting is X10
Reading is 25 ohms

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Voltage scale
Range
Range 10V
Range 50V
Range 250V
Range 100V

Value/div
0.2V
1V
5V
20V

Range setting is 10 V
( used0-10 scale
)
Reading is
4.4V
Range
Range 10V
Range 50V
Range 250V
Range 100V

Value/div
0.2V
1V
5V
20V

Voltage scale
Range setting is 50V
sed
(u0
-10
Reading is 24V

Voltage scale

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scale)

Range
Range 10V
Range 50V
Range 250V
Range 1000V

Value/div
0.2V
1V
5V
20V

Voltage scale
Range setting is 250V (used 0-10 scale)
Reading is 110V

How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 2.1

PARTS OF MULTITESTER
A. DIRECTION. Given a Multi-\tester below, write the parts indicated by the arrow and give
their functions.

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_______________

_______________

_______________

4 _________

____________

6 ________

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing this activity
Job Sheet 2.1

I. USE MEASURING TOOLS

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Supplies and Materials


Sheet of paper
Pencil

Tools and Equipment

Steel rule
Bench rule
Metric rule
Foot rule

Direction: Using any of the given measuring tools, read the actual measurement of
the given samples. Write your answer on the space provided.
Sample

Actual measurement in centimeter

Teachers Table

Length of eraser

Height of cabinet

II. READING A VOLTMETER


Indicate the voltage reading of the voltmeter below
Directions: Write your answer on the space provided.
1._______ VOLTS

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What is
the
reading?

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2.____VOLTS
AC/DC

Vhens

What is the

reading?

1000ACV

III.

READING AN OHMMETER
A. Indicate the resistance reading of the ohmmeter below.
Direction: WRITE YOUR READING AT THE SPACE PROVIDED.

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Vhens
What is
the

reading
?

Rx1k

PANIDA

1. ____________OHMS

Vhens

What is the
reading?

Rx1
PANIDA

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2._______________ OHMS

Vhen

What is the

reading?

Rx1k

PANIDA

3.

____________OHMS

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Vhens

What is the
reading?

Rx1
PANIDA

4.__________OHMS

IV. ACTUAL READING OF VOLTMETER AND OHMMETER


Directions: Using a volt-ohmmeter measure the voltage of an existing convenience
outlets inside your room, voltage of a dry cells/battery and resistance of resistors.
Write your answer in the space provided.

Device/Component to
be Measured

First

Second

Third

1. Voltage of the
outlets

volts

volts

volts

2. Voltage of a dry
cells/battery

volts

volts

volts

3. Resistance of a
resistors

ohms

ohms

ohms

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Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and


relax a while then move on to the next lesson.
Good luck!

REFERENCES

Philippine Electrical Code. Year 2000 Edition.


Cardenas, Elpidio. 1989, Fundamental and Elements of Electricity.
Philippines:National Bookstore.

Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T. and Lasala, Rommel M. 2004,


Electronics. Philippines: Andes Mountain Printers.

Simple

Velasco, Benjamin S.
1994, Electronic Components Testing Simplified.
Philippines: National Bookstore: 1994.
http://sam.dgs.ca.gov/TOC/3800/3861.htm
http://electrical.about.com/od/electricaltools/tp/top16electricaltools.htm

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LESSON 3
Interpret Technical Drawings and Plans

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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1.
analyze signs, symbols and data; and
LO 2. interpret technical drawings and plans.

Definition of Terms
Ampere (I) - the unit of electrical current (coulombs per second)
Caution - indicates some precautionary measures against potential hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result to a minor or moderate injury
Danger - specifies hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result to a serious
injury or even death
Isometric - a kind of drawing which shows the object in 3 dimensional views
Joule (J) - a metric unit of energy: watt per second. 1 Kw hr = 2,655,000 ft-lb =
1.341 hp-hr = 3413 Btu = 3,600,000 joules
Kilovolt-ampere (KVA) - a measurement of apparent electric power
Kilowatt hour (Kwhr) - a unit of electrical energy or work performed
Ohm - the unit of electrical resistance (volts/ampere)
Orthographic - a drawing which shows the front top and side view of the object
Volt (E) - the unit of electric pressure or electromotive force which will produce a
current of 1 ampere through a resistance of 1 ohm Watts (W) and kilowatts (KW) are units of electric power

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LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Analyze signs, symbols and data
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS

Electrical symbols and signs are identified according to job specifications.


Electrical symbols and signs are determined according to classification or as
appropriate in drawing.

Materials/ Resources
1. Oslo paper
2. Drawing Pencil
3. Ruler
4. Black pen

5. Electrical symbols
6. Various Company/ industry warning signs
7. Cartolina
8. Illustration board

What Do You Already Know?


Let us determine how much you already know about analyzing signs, symbols
and data. Take this test.
Pretest LO 1

Analyze signs and symbols


a. Direction: Match the electrical symbols in Column A with the corresponding
description in column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space provided
before each number.
Column A
Column B
_______1.
_______2.
_______3.

a. Push button
b. Switch
c. Wires connected

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_______4.

d. Incandescent lamp

_______5.

e. Battery

b. Identify what are the meaning of different signs enumerated below. Write your
answer at the box provided for you.

_____________________

_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

_____________________
_____________________

_____________________

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of
the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

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82

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out
you
how
can much
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing 1.1.
Self

Information Sheet 1.1

COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS


Electrical Symbols are small drawings or pictograms used to represent various
electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. These symbols are used in
sketching schematic diagrams and electrical plans for numerous types of electrical works.
Practically any electrical fixture found in a house has a symbol that coincides to said fixture
on an electrical wiring diagram. These are very useful guide for an electrician or electrical
contractor, thus, making the wiring easier to install as well.
The following are common electrical symbols used in sketching wiring plan and
diagram.
Symbol
Description
Symbol
Description
Conductor/Wire

Ammeter

Terminal

Voltmeter

Switch

Galvanometer

Fuse

Wattmeter

Connected Wires

Wires Not Connected

Circuit Breaker

Push Button

Cell

Bell

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Battery

Buzzer

Resistor

Speaker

Capacitor

Antenna

Diode

Male plug

Ground

Service Entrance (3 wires)

Lightning Arrester

Duplex Convenience
Outlet

Kilowatt-Hour Meter

Range Outlet

Power Panel Board

Special Purpose Outlet

Lighting Panel Board

Weatherproof Outlet

Incandescent Lamp

Floor Outlet

Fluorescent Lamp

S1

Single Pole Switch

ELECTRICAL SIGNS
Your power tool with its manual may contain "WARNING ICONS" (a picture symbol
intended to alert you to, and/or to instruct you how to avoid a potentially hazardous
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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84

condition). Knowing and understanding these symbols will help you operate your tool better
and more safely.
Electrical signs and stickers alert students, workers, and visitors to electrical hazards in
the area. Alerting workers to high voltage areas, electrical hazards, power lines and other
electrical equipment in the area, can help prevent fires and injuries. Proper electrical signs
can inform workers of the dangers in the area.
CAUTION indicates some precautionary
measures against potential hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result to
a minor or moderate injury.

SAFETY ALERT indicates that a person


should observe extra awareness

PROHIBITION means that any activity is not


allowed as stated by the symbol.

DANGER specifies hazardous situation


which, if not avoided, will result to a serious
injury or even death.

WARNING specifies a potentially hazardous


situation which, if not avoided, could result to
serious injury or even death.

READ AND UNDERSTAND


INSTRUCTION MANUAL means that a
person should make some reading before
doing any activity.

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WEAR EYE PROTECTION indicates that a


person should wear safety goggles or any
related protection for the eyes.
ELECTRICAL HAZARD indicates that
electrical hazard is present in the area.

VOLTAGE DANGER indicates high voltage in


the area and surrounding equipment.

How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 1.1
Analyze electrical symbols and signs.
A. Directions: Match the electrical symbols in Column A to their corresponding
descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space provided
before each number.
Column A
Column B
_______1.

a. Push button

_______2.

b. Switch

_______3.

c. Wires connected

_______4.

d. Incandescent lamp

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_______5.

e. Battery

B. Directions Fill out the grid with at least five (5) electrical symbols and write their
descriptions.
Symbols

Description

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing
ivity
.this act
Activity Sheet 1.1

a. Direction: Locate and box the different electrical signs below.


X
P

X
R

X
O

H
H

H
I

H
B

B
I

B
T

O
I

O
O

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O
N

O
E

R
S

87

X
X
X
W
O
O
O
O
O
O
V

C
A
U
T
I
O
N
H
O
H

R
X
X
X
X
S
H
L
H
H

X
W
S
S
S
S
T
J
P
J

A
F
E
T
Y
A
L
E
R
T

B
B
M
M
G
M
M
M
O
M

X
X
X
E
X
X
X
X
H
X

W
L
D
J
J
J
J
R
I
S

W
A
R
N
I
N
G
R
B
S

N
L
R
J
L
L
L
R
A
S

J
J
J
N
L
L
L
R
R
S

J
J
L
L
L
L
L
R
R
S

S
X
X
L
X
X
X
X
X
S

b. Direction: Draw the electrical signs of the following:

1. Safety alert

2. Prohibition

3. Voltage danger

4. Warning

5. Electrical hazard

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LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Interpret technical drawings and plans

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Necessary tools, materials and equipment are identified according to the


plan.
Components, assemblies or object are recognized as per job requirement.
Dimensions
and specification are identified according to job requirements.

Materials
/Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.

Bulb receptacles 4 pcs.


Toggle switch 2 pcs.
Electrical lay-out
Ruler

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What Do You Already Know?


Let us determine how much you already know about interpreting technical
drawings and plans. Take
s test.
thi
Pretest LO 2
Directions: Below is a drawing of an electrical plan. Enumerate the number of
outlets, bulbs, one-gang switch, two-gang switch and three-gang switch.

Number of electrical fixtures found in the electrical plan


QUANTITY ELECTRICAL FIXTURES
Lamp outlets
Duplex convenience outlets
Single gang switches
Two gang switch
Three gang switch

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Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ies
again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing 1.1.
Self

Information Sheet 2.1

ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM


The flow of current in a conductor or wire can be represented by diagram. There are
two types of diagram: pictorial diagram and schematic diagram.

A. Pictorial diagram is a sketch of electrical circuit that shows the external appearance
of each component. It is much like a photograph of the circuit and uses simple
images of parts.

Sample Pictorial diagram of one bulb controlled by single pole switch using 9 volt
battery source.

B. Schematic diagram is a sketch showing the components of the circuit using


standard electrical symbols. It shows the actual number of components and how the
wiring is routed but not the actual location.
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Diagram A

Diagram B

Sample schematic diagrams of one bulb controlled by single pole switch using direct
current (Diagram A) and alternating current (Diagram B) source.

C. Types of Circuit
1. Series Circuit is a circuit in which lamps are arranged in a chain, so that the
current has only one path to take. The current is the same through each load.
Example of this is the Christmas lights. It consists of a number of bulbs that are
connected side by side to meet the voltage requirement which is 220 volts for
alternating current.

Pictorial diagram of Christmas light in series circuit

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Schematic diagram of three bulbs connected in series controlled by a single


pole switch.

2. Parallel Circuit is a circuit in which lamps are connected across the wires. The
voltage across each load on parallel circuit is the same. The advantage of using
parallel circuit is that even if one of the lamps fails, still the remaining lamps will
function.

Pictorial diagram of two bulbs connected in parallel circuit controlled by a


single pole switch.

Schematic diagram of three bulbs connected in parallel circuit controlled by a


single pole switch.

ELECTRICAL PLAN
Electrical plan is a graphical presentation of electrical wiring connections to
install in a particular house or building. It indicates the position of electrical fixtures such
as convenience outlets, switches, lightings, door bells, and others to be installed.

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Sample electrical plan of Single family dwelling

Number of electrical fixtures found in the electrical plan:


QUANTITY ELECTRICAL FIXTURES
8 pieces

Lamp outlets

8 pieces

Duplex convenience outlets

4 pieces

Single gang switches

1 piece

Two gang switch

1 piece

Three gang switch

How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 2.1

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Directions: Draw the schematic diagram of the following:


1. Two bulbs connected in series controlled by a single pole switch using direct current.
2. Four bulbs connected in parallel controlled by a single pole switch using alternating
current.

1.

2.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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H ow Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing .this activity
Activity Sheet 2.1
Directions: Based on the electrical plan below count the number of electrical fixtures and
then write it in table provided after the drawing.

Number of electrical fixtures found in the electrical plan:


QUANTITY
ELECTRICAL FIXTURES
Lamp outlets
Duplex convenience outlet
Single gang switches

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Two gang switches


Three gang switches

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and


relax a while then move on to the next lesson.
Good luck!

REFERENCES
LO1

Azares, Efren F. and Recana, Cirilo B. 1999, Practical Electricity III;


Philippines: Adriana Publishing:.
Agpaoa, Feleciano. 1991, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting;
Philippines National Bookstore.

LO 2

Azares, Efren F. and Recana, Cirilo B. 1999, Practical Electricity III;


Philippines: Adriana Publishing:.
Agpaoa, Feleciano. 1991, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting;
Philippines National Bookstore.

Acorda, Aidaida V. and Robles, Rosemarie D. Drafting I & II

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LESSON 4
Maintain Tools and
quipment
E

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1.check condition of tools and equipment;


LO 2. perform basic preventive maintenance; and
LO 3. store tools and equipment.

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Definition of
Terms
5S - Sort, Systematize, Sweep, Sanitize, and Self-Discipline
Functional tools and equipment - those that are in good condition and can perform
its regular functions
Lubricant - a substance introduced to lessen friction between moving surfaces;
also functions to transport external particle
Lubrication additives- many of the physical properties of various oils and greases
Non-functional tools and equipment - those that are not able to perform its regular
function because of impaired and damage part
Nonpolar solvents - solvents which do not dissolve/are insoluble in water
Pneumatic tool - instrument activated by air pressure
Polar solvents - solvents which dissolve/are soluble in water
Solvent - a component of a solution that dissolves solute and is usually present in
large proportion or amount
Sorting - to sort everything in a work area

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LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Check conditions of tools and equipment
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Tools and equipment are identified according to classification/ specification and


job requirements.
Nonfunctional tools and equipment are segregated and labeled according to
classification
Safety of tools and equipment are observed in accordance with manufacturers
instructions
Conditions of PPE are checked in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

Materials/ Resources
1. Checklist of tools and materials
2. Functional tools in the shop
3. Non-functional tools in the shop

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What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about checking conditions of too
and equipment. Take this test.

Pr etest LO 1
Directions: Read each statement and identify what is being described. Choose your answer
inside the circle and write them in the space provided before each number.

Hand tools
Pneumatic floor jack
Screwdrivers
Wrenche
s
PersonalProtectiveEquipment (PPE)
Pullers
Vacuum cleaner
Air drill
Pneumatic Torque Wrench
Machine/Power tools

___________1. Uses compressed air to flow into the jack cylinder and causes the ram
to extend and raise the vehicle.
___________2. These are tools manipulated by our hands without using electrical
energy.

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__________3. Are used to drive, or turn screws. The common type has a single flat
blade for driving screws with slotted heads. The other type has the
cross slotted head.
___________4. A tool used to turn screws, nuts and bolts with hexagonal heads.
Hexagonal means six-sided. A variety of wrenches are used in the
shop.
___________5. A tool used to remove gears and hubs from shafts, bushings from blind
holes, and cylinders liners from the engine blocks.
____________6. This is used for cleaning the floor and car interiors after service.
____________7. This is lighter than a comparable electric drill. Repeatedly stalling or
overloading does not damage or overheat the air drill.
____________8. A gadget that protects workers from injury or illness caused by
having contact with the dangers/hazards in the workplace, Used by
linemen to
remove insulation of wire and cables in low and high
voltage transmission lines.
____________9. This wrench uses compressed air to quickly and powerfully turn nuts,
bolts, and other objects.
___________10. These are tools manipulated by our hands and with the use of
electrical energy

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If-100%


you got
of 90
the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing 1.1.
Self

Information Sheet 1.1

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Classification of Tools and Equipment


A tool is a device that can be used to produce an item or accomplish a
task, but that is not consumed in the process. It can be considered as
extension of the human hand thus increasing speed, power, and accuracy and
on the other hands equipment includes any machine powered by electricity.
1. Hand tools are tools manipulated by hands without using electrical energy
such as: puller, hacksaw, pull-push rule, pliers, hammer, and others.
2. Machine/Power tools are tools manipulated by our hands and with the use
of electrical energy such as: electric drill, grinding wheels, vacuum cleaner
and others.

3. Pneumatic tools are tools or instruments activated by air pressure.


Pneumatic tools are designed around three basic devices: the air cylinder,
the vane motor, and the sprayer.

A.

Hand tools

They include screwdrivers, hammers, pliers, wrenches and pullers.


1. Screwdrivers are used to drive, or turn screws. The common type has a single flat blade
for driving screws with slotted heads. The other type has the cross slotted head.
1. Hammers are mostly used tools in the shop. They should be gripped at the end of the
handle.
2. Pliers are specified types of adjustable wrenches. The two legs move on a pivot so that
items of various sizes can be gripped.
3. Wrenches are used to turn screws, nuts and bolts with hexagonal heads. Hexagonal
means six-sided. A variety of wrenches are used in the shop.
4. Pullers are used to remove gears and hubs from shafts, bushings from blind holes, and
cylinders liners from the engine blocks.

B.

Machine/Power Tools

1. Electric drill has an electric motor that drives a chuck. The chuck has jaws that can be
opened and then closed to grip a drill kit.

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2. Grinding tool can be either bench-mounted or installed on a pedestal. They may either
have a grinding wheel, view wheel, or two grinding wheels.

3. Vacuum cleaner is used for cleaning the floor and car interiors after service.

C.

Pneumatic tools

1. Pneumatic Torque Wrench. This wrench uses compressed air to quickly and
powerfully turn nuts, bolts, and other objects.

2. Air chisel uses reciprocating motion to drive a cutting hammering tool. An air hammer
drives a chisel to cut off a nut that has frozen to a stud. It can be used with a variety of
tools-cutters and punches to do many jobs.

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3. Air drill is lighter than a comparable electric drill. Repeatedly stalling or overloading
does not damage or overheat the air drill.

4. Air racket uses the sockets and attachments from a standard socket set.

5. Pneumatic floor jack uses compressed air to flow into the jack cylinder and causes the
ram to extend and raise the vehicle.

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How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 1.1

Directions: Inside the tools box are hand, pneumatic, and power tools. Identify and write
them in their corresponding column provided below.

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Air Chisel

Hammers

Air Racket
Air Drill
Electric drill
Vacuum Cleaner
Grinding wheels
Wrenches
Screwdrivers
Pullers
Hand tools

Power tools

Pneumatic tools

1.

1.

1.

2.

2.

2.

3.

3.

3.

4.

4.

4.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing .this activity
Operation Sheet 1.1

A. Basic Maintenance of Electrical Tools and Equipment


To ensure that your electric tools work when you need them, you must take proper
care of them. A good routine of maintenance for your tools is one thing that you can do to
make sure that the tool you need is working when you need it.
1. Clean out the Dust. To make sure that your electric tools are ready to go when you are,
keep them clean and free of dust. Spend some time to clean out the dust every once in
a while on your tools while they are inactive in storage.

2. Check the Cords. Look for tear/cut insulator on the power cords on your electric tools.
This will ensure that your electric tool can get the power that it needs to function without
an accident.

3. Use the right tool correctly. Use tools correctly and for their intended purposes. Follow
the safety directions and operating procedures recommended by the manufacturer.
When working on a circuit, use approved tools with insulated handles.

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4. Protect your Tools. Keep tools and cords away from heat, oil, and sharp objects. These
hazards can damage insulation. If a tool or cord heats up, stop using it. Report the
condition to a supervisor or instructor immediately.

5. Use double-insulated tools - Portable electrical tools are classified by the number of
insulation barriers between the electrical conductors in the tool and the worker.

6. Storing Your Tools- Keep your electric tools stored in their original cases and
containers. This will keep them free of dust and dirt while they are not being used.

Note: proper care of your electric tools is the key to making sure that they last for
many years
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B. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are gadgets to protect workers from injury or
illness caused by having contact with the dangers/hazards in the workplace whether they
are chemical, biological, radiation, physical, electrical, mechanical and others.
These are the common Personal Protective Equipment gadgets:

Hard Hats/ Helmets

Goggle

Mask

Gloves

Work boots

Pants

Pictures of electricians working using Personal Protective Equipment

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Pictures of Linemens working using Personal


protective Equipment

REMEMBER
1. Personal protective equipment should be taken cared as of the other tools and
equipment. Wipe your helmets, gloves, safety shoes before keeping it.
2. It should also be cleaned, kept in proper tool rack/ cabinet.
3. It should be stored in dry places so that it will not have mold build-up.
4. Over-all suites should be washed regularly so that perspirations and other dirt
will be washed clean.

C. Classification of non-functional and functional tools


Tools are very useful to us in our homes especially to our job. But tools that are no longer
functional may cause harm.
A. Make an inventory of functional and non-functional tools in your shop.
B. Classify your tools according to is function.
Method of identifying non-functional tools and equipment
1. Visual inspection. It refers to the visual observation of an expert on the appearance of
the tools and equipment.
2. Functionality. Vibration or extra noise from the operation means problems on parts and
accessories started to develop.
3. Performance. When there is something wrong with the performance of either hand tools
or equipment they need an immediate repair or maintenance.
4. Power supply (for electrically operated only). Failure to meet the required power
supply, malfunction will occurs in the part of hand tools or equipment.
5. Persons involved. It refers to the technical person who has the knowledge and skills
about the technology.
Classifications of tools and equipment according to their uses:
1. Measuring tools
2. Holding tools
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Cutting tools
Driving tools
Boring tools
Electrical equipment
Miscellaneous tools/instrument/equipment

Non-functional tools and equipment are those that are not able to perform its
regular function because of impaired and damage part. Examples of these are the following:

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Hammer with a broken handle

Screw driver with a broken handle

Long Nose
damage jaw

Pliers with

A broken/cut
oot
f rule

Electrical equipment with damage cord


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Functional tools and equipment are those that are in good condition and can
perform its regular functions. Examples of these are the following:

Standard screw driver

Philips Screw Driver

Combination pliers

Long Nose Pliers

Wire Stripper

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Portable Electric Drill

115

LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Perform basic preventive maintenance
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Lubricants are identified according to types


ipment.
of equ
Tools and equipment are lubricated according to preventive
maintenance schedule or manufacturers specifications.
Measuring instruments are checked and calibrated in acco
with manufacturers instructions.
Tools are cleaned and lubricatedrding
accoto standard
procedures.
Defective equipment and tools are inspected and replaced
according to manufacturers specification.
Work place is cleaned and kept in safe state in line with OS
regulations.

Materials
/Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Lubricating oils
Lubricating spray
Kerosene
Detergent
Gasoline
Clean rugs
Paint brushes

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What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about performing basic preventiv
maintenance. Take this test.

Pretest LO 2

A. Directions: Match the cleaning solvents in Column A with their corresponding


uses in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space provided before
each number.
Column A
Column B
____1. Gasoline
a. It is used to wash dust in the
floor, walls.
____2. Kerosene

b. It is used to wash/clean
benches, tables, cabinets,
etc.

____3. Thinner

c. It is used to remove dust,


grease oil, paint, etc.
____4. Water
d. It is used to wash greasy
tools/ equipment.
____5. Detergent Soap and water
e. It is used to remove spilled
paint on the floor, walls and
tools.
B. Directions: Choose the best answer from the choices given and write letter of
your answer on the space before each number.
_________1. An action to clean your work place thoroughly so that there is no
dust on
floor, machines and equipment?
a. sorting

b. sweeping

c. sanitizing

d. self-discipline

_________2. A condition of training people to follow cleaning disciplines


independently.
a. sorting

b. sweeping

c. sanitizing

d. self-discipline

_________3. An action to identify and eliminate all unnecessary items from your
work
place and dispose them.
a. sorting

b. sweeping

c. sanitizing

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117

sanitizing

_________4. An action to arrange or put every necessary item in good order


so that
s they can be easily picked for use. A place
for everything, everything is
in place
a. sweeping b. systematizing c.
d. sorting

_________5. A condition of maintaining high standard of cleaning and workshop


organization at all times.
a. sweeping

b. systematizing

c. sanitizing

d. sorting

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

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What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how
much you learned by doing
- check
Self 2.1.

Information Sheet 2.1


A lubricant is a substance introduced to lessen friction between moving surfaces. It
may also transport external particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity.

Types and Uses of lubricants

Anti-rust lubricant spray:


o loosen rusted part o
cleans and protect o drives
out moisture o stops
squeaks o free sticky
mechanisms

Wire Pulling Lubricant:


o

does not damage insulation o


cling to wire and dries to a
slippery film
suitable for use with wire or
cable covered with rubber (t,
thw, thhn, etc)

All Purpose Anti Rust Lubricant:


o anti-rust o
lubricating o rust
removal o
decontamination o
conductance
Lubricant Oil and Engine Oil:
o lubricating the gear
o cleans and protect o
drives out moisture
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Silicon Lubricant:
o
heat
stable o lubricates
o protects o
reduces friction o
water repellent

Reminders
A good lubricant possesses the following characteristics:
High boiling point.
Low freezing point.
High viscosity index.
Thermal stability.
Corrosion prevention.
High resistance to oxidation.

Types and Kinds of Cleaning Solvents


Solvent is a component of a solution that dissolves solute and is usually present in
large proportion or amount. It can be classified as polar and nonpolar. Polar solvents are
solvents which dissolve/are soluble in water; while nonpolar solvents are solvents which do
not dissolve/are insoluble in water.
Solvents are usually used for cleaning in workshops. They are water, gasoline,
kerosene, thinner and detergent soap.

The table below shows the kinds of cleaning solvent based on their solubility in water.
Cleaning
Solvents
a. water

Solubility in Water

Polar

soluble

Nonpolar

b. gasoline

insoluble

c. kerosene

insoluble

d. thinner

insoluble

e. detergent soap

soluble

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Uses of Cleaning Solvents


Cleaning Solvents

Uses

Gasoline

Wash greasy tools/ equipment.

Kerosene

Remove dust, grease oil, paint, etc.

Thinner

Remove spilled paint on the floor,


walls and tools.

Water

Wash dust in the floor, walls, etc.

Detergent Soap and water

Wash/clean benches, tables,


cabinets, etc.

5s Approach in workshop keeping


5S is a reference to a list of five Japanese words translated into English. This is an
approached of organizing and managing the workplace and work flow with the intent to
improve efficiency by eliminating wastes, improving flow of production, reducing process
delays.
These words are:
Japanese words
Seiri
Seiton
Seiso
Seiketsu
Shitsuke

English translation
Sort
Set in order
(systematize)
Sweep
Standardize (sanitize)
Sustain (Self-discipline)

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5s APPROACH IN WORKSHOP KEEPING


Systematize

Sweep

Sanitize

SelfDiscipline

Systematizing is
an action to
arrange or put
every necessary
item in good order
so that they can be
easily picked for
use.

Sweeping is an
action to clean
your work place
thoroughly so
that there is no
dust on floor,
machines and
equipment.

Sanitizing is a
condition of
maintaining high
standard of
cleaning and
workshop
organization at
all times.

Self-discipline
is a condition
of training
people to
follow
cleaning
disciplines
independently.

Sort
Sorting is an
action to
identify and
eliminate all
unnecessary
items from
your work
place and
dispose them.

o
o

A place for
everything
Everything is in
place

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How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 2.1
A. Directions: Put a ( ) after each word if the solvent is polar and (X) if it is nonpolar.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

water ( )
kerosene ( )
detergent soap ( )
gasoline ( )
thinner ( )

B. Directions: Identify the lubricants below by writing their names on the space provided.

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

__________________

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing .this activity
Operation Sheet 2.1
Title: Procedure in Cleaning Tools and Work Area
Instructions: Bring cleaning solvents, rags and brooms, washing pan, electric fan and safety
apparel. Clean tools and work area. Procedure:
A. Tools

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Wear protective clothing and goggles.


Gather the tools to be cleaned in the designated area for cleaning.
Classify the tools to be cleaned according to how dirty they are.
Measure and pour enough amount of cleaning solvent to the washing
pan.
Submerge the tools in the washing pan.
Use paint brush to remove the dirt from the tools.
Get the tools from the washing pan and wipe them with rags until dry.
Clean and keep all materials used for cleaning.

B. Work Area (Application of 5s) 1. Wear


protective clothing and goggles.
2. If there is dirt on the floor such as paint, used oil, grease, rust, etc.,
remove it first using the appropriate cleaning solvent.
3. Use the broom in cleaning the remaining dirt in the work area and an
electric fan to facilitate the drying of the floor.
4. Assessment: The teacher will assess the students based on the
performance criteria listed below.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

PERFORMANCE
LEVEL
YES

NO

NA

1. Were protective clothing and goggles worn at all times?

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2. Were tools and equipment free of dust, grease, oil and other
substances?
3. Was the work area dry, free of dust, grease and other
substances?
4. Were excess cleaning substances cleaned and kept in proper
places?

Overall Performance

Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory

Students name: __________________________


Teachers comment: ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

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LEARNING OUTCOME 3
Store tools and equipment
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

Inventory of tools, instruments, and equipment are conducted and


recorded as per company practices.
Tools are inspected, and replaced after use.
Tools and equipment are stored safely in accordance with
manufacturers specifications or company procedures.

Materials
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Inventory forms
Record book/memorandum
Receipts
Ball pen and
Correction fluid

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about storing tools and equipmen
Take this test.

Pretest LO 3
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is not
correct.
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For hand tools


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Clean dirt and debris from tools after each use.


Oil metal and wooden parts to prevent rust.
Lightly sand rough wooden handles and apply linseed oil.
Repair loose handles.
Sharpen blades of cutting tools.
Store tools in a clean wet storage area. 7. Protect surfaces of cutting tools in
storage.

For equipment
8. Store equipment in a clean wet storage area.
9. Rinse and clean spray equipment after each use.
10. Clean spreaders and check wheel-driven gears.

Now check your answers


using the Answer Key. If you -got
100%
90of
the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the In formation Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing 3.1.
Self

Information Sheet 3.1

Why Maintain Inventory of Tools and Equipment


The most significant point to think at the start of your career is to acquire branded
tools. They must be made out of high-quality steel and manufactured for precision. Special
consideration is given to balance so that the tool/equipment will be properly maintained and
prevent loses. Since the technician must work with his tools daily, regular inventory of
tools/equipment is very significant.
The initial cost of a minimum number of tools is high but there is accompanying
warranty guarantees satisfaction and many years of service. It is better, in the long run, to
start with a few cautiously selected tools that will take care of your most common needs and
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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then slowly build-up to a complete set. It is sometimes hard to identify and


memorize the huge number of tools and equipment in the workshop,
maintaining the inventory record is of great value.

Maintaining and Storing Tools & Equipment


An important aspect of any business is the maintenance and storage of tools and
equipment. The investment in tools and equipment is a significant part of the overhead
expenses in any operation. Proper selection and maintenance of equipment are important
factors in managing business. Selecting the proper tool for the job and using the tool
properly will increase efficiency and reduce maintenance problems. Purchase tools, which
are well-made and suited to the intended use. Commercial usage may entail more heavy
duty demands on equipment.
Hand tools:
1. Clean dirt and debris from tools after each use.
2. Oil metal parts to prevent rust.
3. Lightly sand rough wooden handles and apply linseed oil.
4. Repair loose handles.
5. Sharpen blades of cutting tools.
6. Store tools in a clean dry storage area.
7. Protect surfaces of cutting tools in storage.
Power tools:
1. Read and follow the maintenance schedule in the owners manual for each piece of
power equipment.
2. Change the oil.
3. Clean the air filter.
4. Lubricate moving parts.
5. Sharpen dull blades or replace worn blades according to the owners manual.
6. Replace spark plugs.
7. Drain oil and gasoline before long-term storage.
8. Check electric cords and connections on electric-powered tools.

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9. Store tools in a clean dry storage area.


Equipment:
1. Store equipment in a clean dry storage area.
2. Rinse and clean spray equipment after each use.
3. Clean spreaders and check wheel-driven gears.
4. Clean carts and wheelbarrows after use.

Sample Proper Arrangement and storage of tools and equipment

You can see in the pictures that all tools and equipment are arranged and
stored properly in their own racks. Like for example the screw drivers are arranged by
type and sizes, hammers, saws, c-clamps, etc. are in their racks.

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How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 3.1
Direction: Enumerate the proper maintaining and storing of tool and equipment.
HANDTOOLS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
EQUIPMENT:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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How Do You Apply What You Have


ned? Lear
Show that you learned something by doing .this activity
Operation Sheet 3.1

INVENTORY OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT


Instruction: Given the record book/memorandum, receipts, inventory form,
ball pen and correction fluid, conduct inventory of tools and
equipment, identify, record and report damaged tools and
equipment and give repair recommendations if repairable.
Procedure:
1. Secure inventory forms/memorandum receipt of tools and equipment.
2. Study the parts of the Inventory Form.
3. Check whether the list of tools and equipment in the memorandum
receipt tallies with the existing tools and equipment found in the
workshop including their specifications and condition.
4. List down any losses and damages you find while conducting the
inventory
5. Fill out the remarks column of the inventory forms for any losses/
damages.
6. Recommend for replacement of lost tools and equipment and repair of
damaged tools and equipment if reparable.
SAN FRANCISCO HIGH SCHOOL
Misamis St. Bago Bantay Quezon City

INVENTORY FORM OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

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Unit
Item
No.

Description

Condition

Remarks

Quantity

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Prepared by:

___________________

Date: _____________________

Name and Signature


Operation Sheet 3.2
PROCEDURE IN ARRANGING AND STORING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

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Instruction: In a specific tool cabinet and a tool rack assigned to you,


arrange and store tools and equipment accordingly.
Procedure:
1. Classify the tools and equipment according to their types.
2. Arrange the tools by their types in the shelves/racks.
3. Place equipment in designated places or location.
Assessment: The teacher will assess you based on the performance criteria
listed below.
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

LEVEL
YES

NO

NA

1. Were the tools and equipment ready before performing


the task?

2. Were the tools arranged according to their types?


3. Were the equipment placed in their proper location and
arranged according to their types?

4. Were the tools/equipment placed in their respective


location and accessible for use when needed?
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory

Overall Performance

Students name: __________________________

Teachers comment: ___________________________________________________


___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

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Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and


relax a while then move on to the next lesson.
Good luck!

REFERENCES

LO1

Philippine Electrical Code. 2000 Edition.


Cardenas, Elpidio.1989, Fundamental and Elements of Electricity. Philippines:
national Bookstore.
Philippine Electrical Code. 1992 Edition, Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines Incorporated.
Max B. Fajardo Jr. & Leo R. Fajardo. , 2nd Edition. Electrical Layout and
Estimate.

LO 2

Philippine Electrical Code. 2000 Edition.


Cardenas, Elpidio.1989, Fundamental and Elements of Electricity. Philippines:
national Bookstore.
Philippine Electrical Code. 1992 Edition, Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines Incorporated.
Max B. Fajardo Jr. & Leo R. Fajardo. , 2nd Edition. Electrical Layout and
Estimate.

LO 3

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines Incorporated.


1992, Philippine Electrical Code

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Max B. Fajardo Jr. & Leo R. Fajardo. 2nd edition, Electrical Layout and
Estimate
Azares, Efren F. and Recana, Cirilo B. 1999, Practical electricity III;
Philippines: Adriana Publishing.
www.acmehowto.com/howto/maintenance/electrical/
www.thefabricator.com/safety/safety_article.cfm?id=1095

LESSON 5

O
cupational Health and Safety
Procedures

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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1.
identify hazards and risks;
LO 2. evaluate risks and hazards; and
LO 3. control hazards and risks.

Definition of Terms
Ampere - unit of measurement for electric current
Circuit - the path of electric current
Conductor - a wire or a cord which provides path for current flow
Connectors and Adapters - accessories that are used to connect from boxes to
conduits or raceways to the other boxes in the electrical system
Corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) - commonly known as flexible non-metallic
conduit or the moldflex.
Hot wire - a wire through which current flows
Insulator - a plastic, rubber, or asbestos material used to cover electric wires
Kilowatt - a unit of power
Metallic Conduits - metal raceways that was classified into four; rigid steel conduit
(RSC); intermediate metallic conduit or tubing (IMC or IMT); electrical metallic
conduit or tubing (EMC or EMT); and the flexible metallic conduit (FMC)
Non-metallic conduits - plastic conduits or raceways designed to be a channel of
wire that are classified as; rigid non-metallic conduit or the PVC, the flexible
nonmetallic or CPC, and the surface plastic molding
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) - the governing rules and regulations that ensure
safety and fire-free environment
Resistance - the quality of electric current measured in ohms.

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Threshold limit value (TLV) - a level to which it is believed a worker can be


exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse health effects.

Acronyms
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PPE - Personal Protective Equipment

LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Identify hazards and risks
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S
Workplace hazards and risks are identified and clearly explained.
Hazards/risks and its corresponding indicators are identified in with the
company procedures.
Contingency measures arerecognized and established in accordance with
organizational procedures.

Materials/ Resources
Video clips on hazards and risks

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What Do You Already Know?


Let us determine how much you already know about identifying hazards and
risks. Take this
test.

Pretest LO 1
Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter only.
A
_____ 1. Adverse health effect
person will be harmed.
_____ 2. Hazards
_____ 3. Chemical hazards
_____ 4. Risks
_____ 5, Physical hazards
harm or adverse health effects
_____ 6. Wet floor
_____ 7. Ergonomic hazards
_____ 8. Psychological hazards
.
_____ 9.Unsafe work practices
_____10.Biological hazards
h. decrease in life span
i.those that are basically causing
j.awkward
posture
improper

B
a. is the chance or the probability that a

b. caused by organism such as viruses,


bacteria fungi and parasites
c. Is a source of potential damage,

d. safety hazard
e. Vapor or gaseous substance
f. Slips, falls
g. hot or cold condition

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work methods

stress
from

138

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing 1.1.
Self

In formation Sheet 1.1

HAZARDS AND RISKS


What is the difference between 'hazard' and 'risk'?
A hazard is something that can cause harm, eg electricity, chemicals, working up a
ladder, noise, a keyboard, a bully at work, stress.
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse
health effect once to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment
loss.
A risk is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm.

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For example, working alone away from your office can be a hazard.
The risk of personal danger may be high. Electrical repair is a hazard. If
someone accidentally turnedon the power the workers life will be in a 'high-risk' category.

Five Basic Workplace Hazards


There are five major types of hazards which can put both your health and your safety at risk.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Chemical hazards
Physical hazards
Biological hazards
Ergonomic hazards or job related hazards
Psychological hazards or stress
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
If you are working with cleaning products, bleaches, paints, and other
chemical agents, you need to understand what a chemical hazard is as well
as how to protect yourself.
Chemical hazards include:

liquids such a cleansers,


acids, and paints
vapours and fumes such as
welding fumes
gases such as carbon monoxide

products that can catch fire or explode

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Physical hazards include:

Machinery
Electrical power
Noise
Power and hand tools
Working and walking surfaces

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Trip and fall hazards


Ladders and scaffolds
Heat and cold
ventilation

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Why be careful around ticks, mouse droppings, bird poop and wild animals?
Because you might get sick from working around certain animals, including
people. Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and
humans. The risks run from skin irritation and allergies to infections.
Dangers can come from:

unclean restrooms
mold and fungus
bacteria
insect stings
animal bites
poorly stored medical waste

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
If your job is poorly designed, you can develop long term health problems.
These problems can arise from simple things, like working for long periods in
an awkward position or having to make the same motions over and over again.
Problems can come from:

lghting
chairs
lifting
repeated movements
computer screens

PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Those that are basically causing stress to a worker. This kind of hazard
troubles an individual very much to an extent that his general well-being is
affected
Stress can lead to long-term health problems. Headaches, anxiety, and impatience are early
signs of stress.
Workplace causes of stress include:

heavy workloads

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lack of control over the pace of work


shift work
noise
working by yourself
fear of job-loss
conflict with the employer

What are examples of a hazard?


Workplace Hazard

Example of
Hazard

Example of Harm Caused

thing

knife

cut

substance

benzene

leukemia

material

asbestos

mesothelioma

source of energy

electricity

shock, electrocution

condition

wet floor

slips, falls

process

welding

metal fume fever

practice

hard rock mining

silicosis

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE


One of the most critical among the hazards that one may encounter is the chemical
hazard. Chemical may produce reactions that may endanger ones health and life. This is
the reason why the American Conference of Governmental Hygienist (ACGIH) established a
threshold limit value (tlv).
TLV is the term used by the American Conference of Governmental Hygienists (ACGIH*) to
express the airborne concentration of a material to which nearly all persons can be exposed
day after day, without adverse health effects

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How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 1.1
Given below is the list of common workplace hazards. Write at least three examples of each
type of hazard.

1. Chemical hazard
________________________
________________________
________________________

2. Physical hazard
________________________
________________________
________________________

3. Biological hazard
________________________
________________________
________________________

4. Ergonomic hazard or Job related


________________________
________________________
________________________

5. Psychological hazards
________________________
________________________
________________________

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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HowDo You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing .this activity
Job Sheet 1.1

RESEARCH WORK
a. Make an internet research on different hazards and risks.
b. Be able to identify these different hazards.
c. Make a write-up on your research on workplace hazards and risks.

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LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Evaluate hazards and risks
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S
Terms of maximum tolerable limits are identified based on threshold
limit values (TLV)
Effec ts of hazards are determined.
OHS issues and concerns are identified in accordance with

workplace requirements and relevant workplace OHS legislation.

Materials/ Resources
1. Threshold limit value table (tlv)
2. Video clips about hazards and risks

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determ ine how much you already know about evaluating hazards and risks.
Take this test.

Pretest LO 2
Direction: Multiple Choice: Select the letter of the correct answer.
__________1. The cross disciplinary area concerned with the safety, health and
welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
a.) Waste management

b) PEC

c) ACGIH

d) OHS

__________2. the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and


monitoring of waste materials.

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a) Waste management

b) PEC

c) ACGIH
d) OHS
_________3. TLV means;

a) Threshold limited value b) Threshold live value

c)) Threshold limit value

_________4. TWA means:


a) Time-wasted Average

b) Time-weighted average

c) Total-weighted average

_________5. TLV-C means;


a) Threshold limit value-ceiling b) Threshold limited value-ceiling c) Threshold live
value-ceiling
_________6. One type of hazard that needs careful evaluation before extinguishing
a) Chemical

b) Water

c) Fire

_________7. It is a fifteen minutes exposure to risk.


a) TLV-STEL

b) TLV-C

c) TLV-TWA

_________8. Chemicals with lower flash points present a greater ____________.


a) Personal hazard b) flammability hazard

c) explosion hazard

_________9. Process where a person identify, evaluate and determine the solution
to the risks.
a) Chemical assessment

b) Risk assessment c) Physical assessment

________10. ) Any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of


the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid
substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the
country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which
will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes.
a) Pollution b) atmospheric pollution

c) air pollution

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.
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What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by- check
doing 2.1.
Self

Information Sheet 2.1

What is a risk assessment?


Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with
protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
The goal of all occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work
environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public
who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may involve interactions among many
subject areas, including occupational medicine, occupational (or industrial) hygiene, public
health, safety engineering / industrial engineering, chemistry, health physics.
Risks include acute and chronic health effects, for example, irritation or cancer, and
physical effects such as fires or explosions. The hazards are physical and health hazards.
II. Risk assessment
A. Risk assessment is the process where you:
1. identify hazards
2. analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard
3. determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard B. Factors that influence
the degree of risk include:

how much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition


how the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact), and how severe
are the effects under the conditions of exposure

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ACGIH has established TLV's for approximately 850 chemical.


TLVs may appear as:
TLV-TWA or time-weighted average, which is an average eight-hour exposure limit;
TLV-STEL or short-term exposure limit, which is a fifteen-minute exposure limit, or
TLV-C or ceiling, which is a limit which should never be exceeded without protection.

II. Fire and Explosion Hazard Assessment


Fire is one type of hazard that needs careful evaluation before extinguishing it. Not all fire
could be extinguished by water that is why it is necessary that we knew first the cause of fire
before dealing the fire.
1. Flash Point and Method Used: Lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough
flammable vapors to ignite. Since flash points vary according to how they are obtained, the
method used must be listed. Chemicals with lower flash points present a greater
flammability hazard.
2. Flammable Limits: Range of concentrations over which a flammable vapor mixed with air
will flash or explode if an ignition source is present. Range extends between lower explosive
limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL) and is expressed in percentage of volume of
vapor or gas in air (0 100%).
Chemicals with a broad flammable range (i.e., range between the LEL and the UEL)
and/or a flammable range in the lower percentages, present a greater flammability hazard.
3. Extinguishing Media: Fire-fighting material for use on substance that is burning, Firefighting
material should be indicated by its generic name (e.g. water, foam, dry chemical, etc.).
III. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and
monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the
environment or aesthetics.
Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on
delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. The management of wastes treats all
materials as a single class, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, and
tried to reduce the harmful environmental impacts of each through different methods.
Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban
and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for nonhazardous
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waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of
local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and
industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

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PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999


(Refer to Appendix 1 for elaboration)

The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 under its Declaration of Principles
stated that the State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of
nature.
Declaration of Policies.
The State shall pursue a policy of balancing
development and environmental protection. To achieve this end, the framework
for sustainable development shall be pursued.
Recognition of Rights. Pursuant to the above-declared principles, the following
rights of citizens are hereby sought to be recognized and the State shall seek to
guarantee their enjoyment.
Definitions.- As used in this Act:
a) Air pollutant means any matter found in the atmosphere other than
oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their
natural or normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the
environment, which includes, but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders,
fly ash, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and
radioactive substances;
b) Air pollution means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid,
gaseous or solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the
air resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public
health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for
domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other
legitimate purposes;
c) Ambient air quality guideline values means the concentration of air over
specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended
to serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public
welfare. These values shall be used for air quality management purposes
such as determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or
enhancement of the air quality, and in general, used as basis for taking
positive action in preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution;
d) Ambient air quality means the general amount of pollution present in a
broad area; and refers to the atmospheres average purity as

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distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the


source of
pollution;
e) Certificate of Conformity means a certificate issued by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer / assembler or
importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the
requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations;
f)

Department means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources;


g)Eco-profile means the geographic-based instrument for planners and
decision makers which present an evaluation of the environment quality
and carrying capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of
primary data and information on natural resources and antropogenic
activities on the land which were evaluated by various environmental
risk assessment and forecasting methodologies that enable the
Department to anticipate the type of development control necessary in
the planning area.
h)Emission means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or
unwanted sound from a known source which is passed into the
atmosphere;

i)

Greenhouse gases means those gases that can potentially or can


reasonably

be

expected

to

induce

global

warming,

which

include

carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, chloroflourocarbons, and the like;


j)

Hazardous substances means those substances which present either: (1)


short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or
skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of
fire explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon repeated exposure, carcinogecity
(which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long latent period),
resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to
pollute underground or surface waters;

k) Infectious waste means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an
infectious disease;
l)

Medical waste means the materials generated as a result of patient


diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals;

m) Mobile source means any vehicle propelled by or through combustion of


carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated
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principally for the conveyance


transportation of property goods;

of

persons

or

the

n) Motor vehicle means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or


diesel engine or by any means other than human or animal power,
constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the
transportation of property or goods in a public highway or street open to
public use;
o) Municipal waste means the waste materials generated from communities
within a specific locality;
p) "New vehicle means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has
never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency
or authority, and operated on the highways of the
Philippines, any foreign state or country;
q) Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index(AKI) means the rating of the
antiknock characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as
determined by dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane Number
(RON), plus the Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane requirement, with
respect to automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class thereof,
whether imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, shall
refer to the minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such
manufacturer recommends for the efficient operation of such motor vehicle,
or a substantial portion of such class, without knocking;
r) Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) means those substances that
significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is
likely to result in adverse effects of human health and the environment such
as, but not limited to, chloroflourocarbons, halons and the like;
s) Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) means the organic compounds that
persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a
risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These
compounds resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which
shall include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT,
hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere and chlordane;
t)

Poisonous and toxic fumes means any emissions and fumes which are
beyond internationally - accepted standards, including but not limited to the
World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values;

u) Pollution control device" means any device or apparatus used to prevent,


control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified

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pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control standards


established by the Department;
v) Pollution control technology means the pollution control devices, production
process, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or
reduce emissions or effluent;
w) Standard of performance" means a standard for emissions of
which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable
application of the best system of emission reduction, taking into
cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air quality
environmental impact and energy requirement which the
determines, and adequately demonstrates; and

air pollutant
through the
account the
health and
Department

x) Stationary source means any building or immobile structure, facility or


installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant.

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How Much HaveuYo


Learned?
Self- Check 2.1
DIRECTIONS: Multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer and write it in the
space provided.
_________1. Chemicals with lower flash points present a greater ____________.
a) Personal hazard b) flammability hazard c) explosion hazard d) skin hazard
_________2. Process where a person identify, evaluate and determine the solution
to the risks.
a) Chemical assessment
assessment

b) Risk assessment

c) Physical assessment

d) NC

_________3. Any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the
atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances
that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country harmful,
detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely
affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational,
or other legitimate purposes.
a) Pollution b) atmospheric pollution

c) air pollution

_________4. The cross disciplinary area concerned with the the safety, health and
welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
a.) Waste management b) PEC

c) ACGIH

d) OHS

__________5. the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and


monitoring of waste materials.
a) Waste management

b) PEC

c) ACGIH

d) OHS

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing .this activity
Activity Sheet 2.1
A. Do the activity at home or during vacant time

1. Download and watch video presentation on different hazards and risk.


2. Make a short write-up on the video presentation you have watched.
B. Answer the following questions

1. What type of hazard was viewed in the video?


2. What risks were involved?
3. If you are going to evaluate the hazard and risk you had viewed, what
possible recommendations will you give? Why?

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LEARNING OUTCOME 3
Controlling hazards and risks
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
S

OHS pro
cedures for controlling hazards and risk are strictly follo
Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and emer
are followed in accordance with the organizations OHS policie
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctlyccordance
used in a
with organizations OHS procedures and practices.
Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of
workplace emergencies are identified in line with the establishe
organizational protocol.

Materials
1. Personal protective equipment:

Safety goggles
Safety shoes
Safety helmet
Safety gloves
Safety belt

Safety shoes

2. First aid kit

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Wh at Do You Already Know?


Let us determine how much you already know controlling hazards and risks.
Take this test.
Pretest LO 3
A. DIRECTION: Select the correct answer that corresponds to the statement in each
number. Write the correct answer at the space provided
_____________ 1. It includes ear and eye protection, respirators, and protective clothing.
______________2. Changing a piece of machinery (for example, using proper machine
guards) or a work process to reduce exposure to a hazard
______________3. Working a limited number of hours in a hazardous area
______________4. The process where you identify hazards, analyze or evaluate the risk
associated with that hazard, and determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the
hazard.
______________5. Identify the source of the problem
IDENTIFY THE HAZARD

ASSESS THE RISK


PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

ENGINEERING CONTROL
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
ELIMINATE HAZARDS
B.DIRECTION: TRUE OR FALSE. In the statements below write true if the statement is
correct and False if the statement is incorrect.
1. General cleanliness in the workplace is an important method of controlling
hazards.
2. Good housekeeping reduces the risk of fire and is cost-effective.
3. Safety signs are method of hazard control.
4. Hygiene (cleanliness) is not so important as a method of controlling hazards
5. Before you leave work, wash/shower and change your clothes when
necessary to prevent bringing workplace contaminants home to your family.

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ies again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.
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What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned
by doing Self
- check 3.1.

Information Sheet 3.1

3A. HAZARD CONTROL


All workplace hazards (chemical, physical, etc.) can be controlled by a variety of methods.
The goal of controlling hazards is to prevent workers from being exposed to
occupational hazards. Some methods of hazard control are more efficient than others, but
a combination of methods usually provides a safer workplace than relying on only one
method. Some methods of control are cheaper than others but may not provide the most
effective way to reduce exposures.
To control hazards in your workplace you need to identify and understand those
hazards. Your first priority should always be to eliminate the hazards. If the hazards can't be
eliminated, try finding safer ways to carry out those tasks by substituting less harmful
substances or changing the work environment through engineering controls. Also consider
changing how work activities are organized and performed. For example, reduce the time
workers are exposed to a hazard by rotating them to another task.
A. Controlling workplace hazards
Once a hazard has been identified and the risk assessed, control measures should be put
into place.A simple list of control measures can be utilized - the hierarchy of control.

1. Identify the Hazard


Identify the source of the problem

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2. Assess the Risk


Risk assessment is the process where you:
o
o
o

Identify hazards,
Analyze or evaluate the risk associated
with that hazard.
Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control
the hazard

3. Eliminate the Hazard Or Risk


Elimination of a specific hazard or
hazardous work process, or
preventing it from entering the
workplace, is the most effective
method of control. Eliminating a
hazard means removing it
completely.
4. Engineering Control may mean changing a
piece of machinery (for example, using proper machine
guards) or a work process to reduce exposure to a
hazard.

5. Administrative Controls
Working a limited number of
hours in a hazardous area is
an example of an administrative control for example, job
rotation.

6. Substitution is one measure of replacing one hazardous


agent or work process with a less dangerous one. It is
important to consider worker health and safety when work
processes are still in the planning stages.

Provide Personal Protective Equipment


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes ear and
eye protection, respirators, and protective clothing.

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Remember: it is always better to control the hazard as close to the source as possible.
Using personal protection is the least acceptable and least effective of all control
measures.

How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 3.1

DIRECTIONS: Select the correct answer that corresponds to the statement in each
number. Write the correct answer at the space provided
_____________ 1. It includes ear and eye protection, respirators, and protective
clothing.
______________2. It may mean changing a piece of machinery (for example,
using proper machine guards) or a work process to reduce
to a hazard.

exposure

______________3. Working a limited number of hours in a hazardous area


______________4. The process where you identify hazards, analyze or evaluate
the risk associated with that hazard, and determine appropriate
ways to eliminate or control the hazard.
______________5. Identify the source of the problem.

IDENTIFY THE HAZARD


ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

ASSESS THE RISK


162

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT


ENGINEERING CONTROL
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
ELIMINATE HAZARDS

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

What Do You Need To Know?


Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing
- check
Self
1.1.

Information Sheet 3.2


YOUR HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK
Personal hygiene
Finally, personal hygiene (cleanliness) is also very important as a method of controlling
hazards. Your employer should provide facilities so you can wash and/or take a shower
every day at the end of your shift, no matter what your job is. Wash your skin and hair with a
mild soap, rinse and dry your skin completely to protect it. Washing hands regularly, and
eating and smoking away from your work area help to
prevent ingesting
Do not take workplace contaminants. hazards home with you!
Lack of personal cleanliness can affect your family's
health.
Your family can be exposed to hazards
you work with if you bring chemicals and other
workplace contaminants home with you on your clothes, hair or skin. Before you leave
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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163

work,
change your
necessary to
workplace
Leave your dirty clothes
you must wash them at
them separately not
wash.

wash/shower and
clothes when
prevent bringing
contaminants home.
at work or, if
home, wash
with the family

It may seem that the amount of contaminant you can bring home on your clothes or skin is
very small and cannot hurt your family. In reality a small exposure every day for months can
add up to a big exposure. A classic example of this spreading the hazard involves
asbestos, where wives of asbestos workers have developed asbestosis from exposure to
the asbestos on their husbands' work clothes. Similarly, children have developed lead
poisoning from exposure to lead which comes home on their parents' work clothes.
If you wear protective clothing at work, such as aprons, laboratory coats, overalls,
etc., these should be cleaned regularly and you should inspect them for holes or areas that
are worn out. Workers who launder these clothes should be trained in the types of hazards
they may work with and how they can be controlled. Inspect your underclothes at home for
any signs of contamination with oils, solvents, etc. If you find any signs, then it means your
protective clothing at work is not effective.

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Every workplace should have some kind of first-aid facility


Every workplace should have at least minimal first-aid facilities as well as adequate
personnel
trained to provide first aid.
First-aid
facilities and trained
personnel are
important components of a
healthy and
safe workplace.
A basic first-aid
facility

1. General cleanliness in the workplace is an important method of controlling


hazards.
2. Good housekeeping reduces the risk of fire and is cost-effective.
3. Good housekeeping measures should be planned when work processes are
in the design stage.
4. Safety signs are not a method of hazard control.
5. Personal cleanliness is an important method of controlling hazards.
6. Your employer should provide facilities so you can wash and/or take a
shower every day.
7. Before you leave work, wash/shower and change your clothes when
necessary to prevent bringing workplace contaminants home to your family.
8. Leave your dirty clothes at work. If you must wash them at home, wash them
separately never wash your work clothes with your family's wash.
9. Your protective clothing should be cleaned regularly. Inspect your protective
clothing for holes and worn areas that could leave you open to exposures.
10. Inspect your undergarments for signs of contamination.
11. Your workplace should have at least minimal first-aid facilities.

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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Process of ensuring that an organization has complied with the
preventive measures, is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a
forecasted disastrous event to minimize loss of life, injury, and damage to property, can
provide rescue, relief, rehabilitation, and other services in the aftermath of the disaster, and
has the capability and resources to continue to sustain its essential functions without being
overwhelmed by the demand placed on them.
Preparedness for the first and immediate response is called emergency preparedness.

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166

Always remember that disaster comes in the most unexpected time and place. Being ready
is always a necessity in all circumstances. The government is giving trainings that
everybody needs in all our localities. One should participate in this disaster training so that
we will not be caught unaware when calamity struck.

How Much Have You Learned?


Self- Check 3.2
DIRECTIONS: TRUE OR FALSE. In the statements below write true if the statement is
correct and false if the statement is not correct
a. General cleanliness in the workplace is an important method of controlling
hazards.
b. Good housekeeping reduces the risk of fire and is cost-effective.
c. Safety signs are method of hazard control.
d. Hygiene (cleanliness) is not so important as a method of controlling hazards.
e. Before you leave work, wash/shower and change your clothes when
necessary to prevent bringing workplace contaminants home to your family.
f. Your protective clothing should be cleaned regularly.
g. Inspect your undergarments for signs of contamination.
h. Your employer should provide facilities so you can wash and/or take a
shower at least once a week.

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?


Show that you learned something by doing .this activity

Activity Sheet 3.1

POSTER MAKING
DIRECTION: Draw a poster in consonance with the theme Control Hazard, Before It
Starts
MATERIALS:
1. Pencil
2. Poster paint or oil paint or crayon
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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167

3. Whole cartolina (yellow)


4. Ruler
TIME ALLOTMENT:
3 hours

How Well Did You Perform?


Find out
by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.
Remember it is your learning at stake!

Speed 20%
10 minutes before/ on allotted time ----------------------------- 20%
1minute up to 10 minutes after the allotted time - 10%
11 minutes and more than the allotted time ------- 05% Originality 50 %
based on judges deliberation ----------------------------------------50%
Blending of colors 25%
based on judges deliberation ---------------------------------------25%
Good Housekeeping 5%
all the materials were kept clean and the work area
was properly cleaned -------------------------------------------------05%

Total

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100%

168

Congratulations! You did a great


! Rest
job
and
relax a while then move on to the next lesson.
Good luck!

REFERENCES
Philippine Electrical Code. 2000 Edition.
Cardenas, Elpidio. 1989, Fundamental and Elements of Electricity; Philippines:
National Bookstore.

Answer Keys

LESSON 1
HOW MUCH DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
PRE-TEST
2. Combination Pliers
3. Long Nose Pliers
4. Philips Screw driver
5. Claw Hammer
6. Wire Stripper
7. Portable electric drill
8. Stubby screw driver
9. Electricians knife
10. Male plug
11. Fuse
12. Utility box
13. Conduits
14. Connectors
15. Circuit Breaker
16. Junction box
SELF CHECK

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169

1. rat tail
2. plain tap
3. duplex cross
4. y splice
PRE-TEST
1. b
2. a
3. d 4. c
SELF CHECK

1.
2.
3.
4.

Requisition form
Inventory form
Job order or work order form
Borrowers form

PRE-TEST
a.
1. For me
2. Damaged
3. Correct
B.
1. The receiving person
2. Keep a copy
3. Write the findings and if posible, take a picture

LESSON 2
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
PRE-TEST
I

Matching Type:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

II

C
E
A
B
D

. Multiple Choice:

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


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170

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B
A
D
C
A

LO2- CARRY OUT MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS


A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

10 mm
36 inches
10 cm
1 cm
12 inches

B.
6. cm
7. m
8. dm
9. yd
10. ft

C.
1.
2.
3.
4.

304.8 cm
700 mm
1.25 ft
5.468 yd

LESSON 3
PRETEST
LO1: A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

b
d
a
e
c
B.

1. Warning
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
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171

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Read and understand instruction manual


Electrical hazard
Voltage danger
Power panel
Circuit breaker

7. Battery
PRE-TEST LO2:
QUANTITY

ELECTRICAL FIXTURES

8 pieces

Lamp outlets

8 pieces

Duplex convenience outlets

4 pieces

Single gang switches

1 piece

Two gang switch

1 piece

Three gang switch

SELF CHECK
LO1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

b
d
a
e
c

HOW MUCH DO YOU LEARNED?


SELF CHECK
Electrical Plan and Layout
LO2.
1.

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172

Schematic Diagram of Series Circuit

2.

110V

Bulb

Source

Switch
110V
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PARALLEL CIRCUIT
HOW DO YOU APPLY WHAT YOU LEARNED?
ELECTRICAL SIGNS
LO1. Analyze electrical symbols and signs. A.
R
P

R
C
A
U
T
I
O
N

I
S
A
F
E
T
Y
A
L

D
E
G

W
A
R
N
I
N
G

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE


K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

N
G

173

L
O
V

E
R
T

B.

a. Safety alert

b. Prohibition
c. Voltage danger

d. Warning
e. Electrical
hazard

SELF CHECK
Electrical Plan
LO2
QUANTITY

ELECTRICAL FIXTURES

19 pieces

Lamp outlets

Duplex convenience outlet

4 pieces

Single gang switches

3 pieces

Two gang switches

3 piece

Three gang switches

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174

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?


SELF CHECK
I.

Text Twist:
1. Wire gauge
2. Voltmeter
3. Clamp meter
4. Push pull rule
II. Parts of Multi-tester
1. Scale
2. Adjustment screw
3. Range selector knob
4. Pointer
5. Zero-ohm adjustment knob
6. Test probe

LESSON 4
LO1: Check condition of tools and equipment
1. Pneumatic floor jack
2. Hand tools
3. Screw drivers
4. Wrench
5. Puller
6. Vacuum cleaner
7. Air drill
8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
9. Pneumatic Torque Wrench
10. Machine/Power tools
SELF CHECK
LO1. Check condition of tools and equipment
Hand tools
Power tools

Pneumatic tools

1. Screw drivers

1.Grinding Wheels

1.Air Racket

2.Wrenches

2.Vacuum Cleaner

2.Air Drill

3.Pullers

3.Electric Drill

3.Air Chisel

4.Hammers

4.

4.

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Pre-Test
LO2: Perform basic preventive maintenance
A.

1. D
2. C
3. E 4. A
5. B
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

b. sweepingi
d. self-discipline
a. sorting
b. systematizing
c. sanitizing

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED


Self-Check
LO2. Perform basic preventive maintenance
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Water ( )
Kerosene (X)
Detergent soap ( )
Gasoline (X)
Thinner (X)

b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

SILICON LUBRICANT
WIRE PULLING LUBRICANT
LUBRICATING OIL/ ENGINE OIL
ANTI-RUST LUBRICANT SPRAY
ALL PURPOSE ANTI-RUST LUBCANT

WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?


LO 3: Store tools and equipments
Pre-test
For hand tools;

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K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

176

1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.

TRUE
FALSE
TRUE 4. TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE

For equipment;
8. FALSE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE
SELF CHECK
HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?
LO3: Store tool and equipment
Hand tools:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Clean dirt and debris from tools after each use.


Oil metal parts to prevent rust.
Lightly sand rough wooden handles and apply linseed oil.
Repair loose handles.
Sharpen blades of cutting tools.
Store tools in a clean dry storage area.
Protect surfaces of cutting tools in storage.

Power tools:
1 Read and follow the maintenance schedule in the owners manual for each piece
power equipment.
2. Change the oil.
3. Clean the air filter.
4. Lubricate moving parts. 5. Sharpen dull blades or replace worn blades according to the
owners manual.
6. Replace spark plugs.
7. Drain oil and gasoline before long-term storage.
8. Check electric cords and connections on electric-powered tools.
9. Store tools in a clean dry storage area.

LESSON 5
HOW MUCH HAVE YOU ALREADY KNOW?
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education

177

PRE-TEST

LO1. Identify hazards and risks.


8. H
9. C
10. E
11. A
12. G
13. F
14. J
15. I
16. D
17. B
SELF CHECK
LO 1: Identify Hazards And Risks
Given below is the list of common workplace hazards. Write at least three examples of each
type of hazard. (Choose only 3 from the given answers below).
1. Chemical hazard

liquids such a cleansers,


acids, and paints
vapours and fumes such as welding fumes
gases such as carbon monoxide

products that can catch fire or explode


2. Physical hazard
Machinery
trip and fall hazards
ladders and scaffolds
electrical power
heat and cold
heat and cold
noise
ventilation
noise
working and walking surface
power and hand tools
3. Biological hazard
unclean restrooms
mold and fungus
bacteria
insect stings
animal bites
poorly stored medical waste
4. Ergonomic Hazard or Job related hazard

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178

lighting
chairs
lifting
repeated movements
computer screens
5. Stress

heavy workloads
lack of control over the pace of work
shift work
noise
working by yourself fear of job loss

conflict with the employer


HOW MUCH HAVE YOU ALREADY KNOW?
PRETEST
LO 2: EVALUATE HAZARDS AND RISKS
A.
1. Personal Protective Equipment
2. Eliminate hazards
3. Administrative control
4. Asses the risk
5. identify hazard
A. DIRECTION. TRUE OR FALSE. In the statements below write true if the
statement is true and false if the statement is not correct.

1. General cleanliness in the workplace is an important method of controlling


2.
3.
4.
5.

hazards.
Good housekeeping reduces the risk of fire and is cost-effective.
Safety signs are method of hazard control.
Hygiene (cleanliness) is not so important as a method of controlling hazards
Before you leave work, wash/shower and change your clothes when
necessary to prevent bringing workplace contaminants home to your family.

B.
1.TRUE
2.TRUE
3.FALSE

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179

4.FALSE
5.TRUE
SELF CHECK
Lesson 2:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Evaluate hazards and risks

b
b
c
d
b

SELF CHECK
LO3: PERSONAL HYGENE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE

Acknowledgement
This Learning Module was developed for the Exploratory Courses in Technology and
Livelihood Education, Grades 7 and 8 of the K to 12 Curriculum with the assistance of the following
persons:
This Learning Module on ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II was
developed by the following personnel:

MODULE WRITERS
HECTOR M. VALLARTA
Electrical Technology Coordinator
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School San
Pedro,Laguna

ROMAN A. CABUSORA JR.


Master Teacher I
San Francisco High School
Bago Bantay, Quezon City

REVIEWERS
GIL P. CASUGA

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180

Chief TESD Specialist


REYNALDO S. DANTES
Senior TESD Specialist

MARIA A. ROQUE
Senior TESD Specialist

BERNADETTE S. AUDIJE
Senior TESD Specialist

VICTORIO N. MEDRANO
Principal IV, SPRCNHS

PARALUMAN R. GIRON, Ed.D. Chair,


Sub-TWG on K to 10
OFELIA O. FLOJO
Retired Assistant Chief, EED, Region IV-A
AIDA T. GALURA VSA
II, ACNTS

BRENDA B. CORPUZ, Ph.D.


TA for K to 12 Curriculum
BEATRIZ A. ADRIANO Principal
IV, ERVHS
DOMINGA CAROLINA F. CHAVEZ
Principal II, MBHS

DOCUMENTORS / SECRETARIAT
PRISCILLA E. ONG
FREDERICK G. DEL ROSARIO
K to 12 Secretariat
Head Teacher III, BNAHS
EMMANUEL V. DIONISIO Head
Teacher III, AFGBMTS
DANTE D. VERMON JR.
Teacher I, AFGBMTS
JOANNA LISA C. CARPIO
Teacher I, BNAHS

LYMWEL P. LOPEZ
Teacher I, AFGBMTS
CHERLYN F. DE LUNA
Teacher I, AFGBMTS
ROMANO T. LOPEZ
Teacher I, BNAHS

Dir. IMELDA B. TAGANAS


Executive Director, Qualifications Standards Office
K to 12 Learning Area Team Convenor, TLE/TVE

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