SuffolkCC Estate Road Spec May2007

Suffolk County Council
Environment and Transport
Specification
for
Estate Roads
MAY 2007
Environment and Transport

Endeavour House 8 Russell Road Ipswich IP1 2BX
contact: S F Cordery
01473 264749
Contents
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Purpose
1.2
Adoption of Works
1.3
Definition and Interpretation
1.4
Terms and Abbreviations
1.5
Thickness of Material & Tolerances
2.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1
Site Investigation and Construction Design
2.2
Works Compliance
2.3
Goods, Materials, Sampling and Testing
2.4
Notices for Inspections
2.5
Dealing with Water
2.6
Protection of work from Weather,

including Cold Weather Working
2.7
Control of Noise
2.8
Services or Supplies
2.9
Works on Public Highways
2.10
Damage and Danger to Highways
2.11
Street Nameplates
2.12
Programme of Works
2.13
New Roads and Street Works Act 1991
3.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
4.
SITE CLEARANCE
5.
FENCING AND BARRIERS
Suffolk County Council, Environment and Transport: Specification for Estate Roads, May 2007
Contents
6.
EARTHWORKS
6.1
Choice of Specification
6.2
General
6.3
Excavation in Cutting
6.4
Construction of Fills
6.5
Standards of Compaction
6.6
Filling of Existing Watercourses
6.7
Clearing Existing Ditches
6.8
Completion of Formation
7.
DRAINAGE AND SERVICE DUCTS
7.1
General
7.2
Excavtion
7.3
Pipes
7.4
Bedding and Jointing
7.5
Concrete Bed and Surround
7.6
Jointing
7.7
Backfilling
7.8
Filter Drains and Subsoil Drains
7.9
Bedding and Backfilling of Filter and Subsoil Drains
7.10
Connections to Existing Sewers and Drains
7.11
Manholes and Catchpits
7.12
Soakaways
7.13
Gullies and Connections
7.14
Headwalls
7.15
Acceptance and Adoption
7.16
Service Ducts
8.
ROADWORKS GENERAL
8.1
Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
Contents
8.2
Junctions between Development Roads and County

Roads
8.3
Use of Surfaces by Construction Traffic
8.4
Construction Requirements for Materials for Sub-base

and Concrete Roadbase
8.5
Construction Requirements
Roadbase and Surfacing
8.6
Testing Unbound, Cement Bound and Bituminous Bound

Materials
9.
ROADWORKS
9.1
Thickness of Pavement Courses
9.2
Sub-base Construction
9.3
Granular Sub-base Type 1
9.4
9.5
Concrete Roadbase Materials
9.6
Bituminous Bound Materials
9.7
Pre-cast Concrete Block Paving
10.
KERBING, CHANNELS, FOOTWAYS,

TACTILE PAVING AND CROSSINGS.
10.1
Kerbing
10.2
Channels
10.3
Kerbing at Vehicular and Pedestrian Crossings
10.4
Footways and Vehicular Crossings
10.5
Ramps
10.6
Adoptable Verges
for
Bituminous
Bound
Contents
11.
STREET LIGHTING
11.1
Street Lighting
11.2
Signing
12.
COMPLETION OF WORKS
13.
STANDARD DRAWINGS
5/101B
Pedestrian Guardrails and Barriers for Footpaths
7/101B
Surface Water Drains Drains & Beddings Details
7/102B
Filter Drains Trench & Bedding Details
7/103B
Catchpits
7/104B
Soakaway
7/105B
Gullies
7/106B
Service Ducts
7/107
Access to chambers
10/101B
Kerb Types
10/102B
Domestic Vehicular & Pedestrian crossings
10/103B
Footway Edges and Crossings
10/104B
Paving Slab Revetment
10/105B
Ramp Detail for Shared Surface Road
10/106B
Pedestrian Crossing Detail
MAP OF SUFFOLK showing areas and contacts
Introduction
1.1
Purpose
1.2
Adoption of Works
1.3
1.4
1.5
Thickness of Materials & Tolerances
Introduction
1.1
Purpose
1.1.1
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure they have the latest version of
this document.
1.1.2
This document specifies standards of materials and workmanship which

shall be used in residential or industrial developments.
1.1.3
The manner is described in which the works shall be carried out, the
procedures to be adopted and the tolerances to be met in construction of
the works.
1.1.4
This Specification shall apply to any works (excluding public sewers) in,
under or over a highway or proposed highway being constructed or
installed as part of residential or industrial development.
1.2
Adoption of Works
1.2.1
Adherence to the standards set out in this specification will normally ensure
that works designed in accordance with Suffolk Design Guide (a companion
volume) are eligible for adoption by the Highways Authority as
maintainable at public expense.
1.2.2
It shall be noted that, if surface water drainage systems also accept

discharge from areas outside future highway limits (e.g. roof water, private
drives etc), then this specification and adoption shall apply to gullies and
connections only leading to such systems. All other components shall
comply with the requirements of Anglian Water Services, or the appointed
agents to which application shall be made for adoption as a public sewer.
1.2.3
Any areas of planting or landscaping, other than grass, within the area of
the highway will require approval by the Planning Authority prior to
adoption of the works.
1.3
1.3.1
In this specification the following words and expressions shall have the
meanings hereby assigned to them:
a)
Director means the Director of Environment and Transport, Suffolk

County Council.
b)
Area Manager means the Directors representative, to whom

reference shall be made in the first instance.
c)
Directors Representative means a person appointed from time to

time by the Director to perform functions associated with the works
and will normally be the Area Development Control Engineer or
Clerk of Works from the appropriate Area Managers office.
d)
Where an Agency Agreement exists with Suffolk County Council the

above definitions and interpretations shall mean the relevant Chief
Officers and
organisations.
e)
appropriate
representatives
of
the
respective
Developer means the person or persons firm or company carrying

out the works and includes the Developers personnel
representatives, successors and permitted assigns.
1.4
1.4.1
Unless specifically defined otherwise, this specification uses the definition

of terms in BS 6100 (Glossary of Buildings and Civil Engineering Terms).
1.4.2.
Abbreviations used accord with recommendations given in BS 5775.
1.5
Thickness of Material and Tolerances
1.5.1
Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, the description of material

thickness shall mean the finished or compacted thickness.
1.5.2
Where necessary, tolerance requirements are incorporated in this

specification by reference in the British Standards.
General Requirements
2.1
Site Investigation and Construction
2.2
Works Compliance
2.3
2.4
2.5
Dealing with Water
2.6
Protection of Work from Weather,

including Cold Weather Working
2.7
Control of Noise
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
Street Nameplates
2.12
Programme of Works
2.13
10
General Requirements
2.1
Site Investigation and Construction Design
2.1.1
The developer shall submit with his proposals for the site layout a
geotechnical report giving details of:
a)
Site contamination of any type.
b)
Soil classification at formation level.
c)
CBR values.
Formation level CBR values used for design shall be the lesser of:
i)
CBR value at natural moisture content measured insitu (BS

1377:1990:Pt.9) or in the laboratory (BS 1377:1990:Pt.4)
and
ii)
Equilibrium CBR value anticipated beneath the completed

pavement as described in TRRL Laboratory Report 1132 The
structural design of bituminous roads, 1984.
Laboratory tests for CBR may be carried out on undisturbed
samples recovered from formation level or on samples
recompacted to the anticipated density below the completed
pavement. The CBR determination shall be carried out on both
ends of the sample. Where the results differ by more than 10%
from the mean, the CBR value shall be calculated as follows:
CBR = 0.75 CBRbottom + 0.25 CBRtop.
2.1.2
d)
Ground water levels.
e)
Safe earthworks slopes.
The in-situ testing and laboratory testing shall be carried out by a

laboratory holding N.A.M.A.S. (National Accreditation of Measurement and
Sampling) issued by U.K.A.S. for that test. Drilling and engineering reports
shall be third party quality assured.
Sub-contracting shall not be allowed except by prior approval of the
Director. Engineering interpretive reports shall be approved by a qualified
Civil Engineer.
2.1.3
Special Engineering considerations will be required where the geotechnical

report indicates poor ground conditions as a result of a combination of
poor soil at formation level, formation level CBR values of less than 2%
and high ground water tables. The Developer will be expected to show that
a stable platform on which to construct the highways can be achieved.
2.1.4
On subgrades of poorly graded sand or with CBR of less than 5%, a

geotextile separator shall be laid on the full width of the compacted
subgrade prior to spreading the sub-base.
2.1.5
On sites where groundwater levels are within 600mm of the formation

level, sub-soil drainage shall be installed and connected to the positive
surface water drainage system. This sub-soil drainage shall take the form
11
of a 150mm perforated land drainage pipe laid with its invert 600mm
below formation level in a trench 300mm wide. the pipe shall be wrapped
in an approved geotextile filter and the trench backfilled with material
complying with Table 6.1 of this specification.
2.1.6
The Developer shall submit with his proposals for the site all calculations
on which which he has based his designs for surface water disposal and
retaining walls.
2.1.7
The Developer shall not commence work on any site which is to be the
subject of Adoption by the Highway Authority, until the requirements for
clauses 2.1.1 to 2.1.6 above have been met and the Director has confirmed
his acceptance of the designs.
2.1.8
Approval of the Developers proposals for the site will not discharge the
Developer of his legal liabilities to the community as a whole.
2.2
Works Compliance
2.2.1
The Developer shall construct, complete and maintain the works in strict
accordance with this specification and approved drawings to the
satisfaction of the Director and shall comply with and adhere strictly to the
Directors instructions and directions on any matter connected therewith.
2.2.2
The Developer shall be responsible for ensuring that the works comply with
this specification, and shall keep records on site at all times which shall be
available for inspection by the Director or his Representative showing
clearly:
a)
Tabulations of design levels and constructed levels of drainage and

sub-grade and each course of carriageway and footway construction
at positions previously agreed with the Area Manager to substantiate
tolerance requirements;
b)
Drawings showing the line of the works and any deviations from the
designed lines;
c)
Details of materials ordered and delivered for inclusion in the works

(e.g. delivery tickets);
d)
Details of all compaction plant and the work to which it is put on site
for each day on which drainage or highway construction is in
progress.
2.2.3
All such records shall be signed and dated by the Developer as being a true
record.
2.2.4
During progress of the works and on completion the Area Manager shall
inspect the works and shall take cores or dig trial pits to check the validity
of records and quality of materials or workmanship as appropriate.
2.2.5
If the records are found to be invalid then the Area Manager may deem
any part or the whole of the works as unacceptable.
2.2.6
If the Developers monitoring of the work indicates non-compliance with

the Specification, the incidence shall be brought to the attention of the
Area Manager, in writing, together with proposals for remedying the work
12
to comply with the Specification. Approval or otherwise will be given within

14 working days of receipt of any such notification.
2.3
2.3.1
The Developer shall consult the Director to determine any work, goods or
materials to be used in the Works which are the subject of a Quality
Management Scheme or Product Certification Scheme and only work,
goods or materials conforming with such a Scheme shall be used.
2.3.2
In each case, the Developer shall submit to the Director copies of the
Certificates of Conformity affirming compliance with the Schemes, unless
the goods or materials bear a prescribed certification mark.
2.3.3
No work, goods or materials shall be employed by the Developer which do

not comply with the standards in the Specification.
2.3.4
The Developer shall submit to the Area Manager a list of the suppliers from
whom the Developer proposes to purchase the goods and materials
necessary for carrying out the Works, and no change in the list of suppliers
and the Developers proposals shall be made without the prior approval of
the Area Manager.
2.3.5
Sampling of materials shall be undertaken in accordance with the relevant

British Standard where applicable or otherwise as instructed by the Area
Managers Representative and the Developer shall ensure that any such
samples are supplied in sufficient time for satisfactory testing, for which all
costs in sampling and testing shall be borne by the Developer.
2.3.6
Tests on materials quality or site workmanship are to be ordered and

funded by the Developer at the Area Managers request. Under certain
circumstances, the tests may be ordered by the Area Manager on behalf of
the Developer who shall still be responsible for the costs of such.
2.3.7
All testing of materials and workmanship shall be carried out by a

laboratory having N.A.M.A.S. accreditation for the test or tests specified.
2.3.8
Materials subsequently used in the Works shall be consistent with the

samples as tested or approved by the Area Manager.
2.3.9
The Developer shall submit to the Area Manager test certificates furnished
by the Supplier or Manufacturer of the material to indicate compliance with
the relevant British Standard or other requirements of the Specification.
2.3.10
Where alternative specified materials are permitted, the Area Manager shall
be informed in writing by the Developer of the chosen alternative at least
14 days in advance to their use and the materials shall not then be altered
without the prior approval of the Area Manager.
13
2.4
2.4.1
The Developer shall give the Area Manager not less than two working days
notice (exclusive of weekends) of the date for each of the following works
at which time the Area Manager will carry out inspections.
a)
b)
Carriageway and Footways

1
Intention to commence work
Setting out
Commencement of excavation (inspect subsoil conditions)
Inspection of completed formation
Commencement of laying sub-base
Kerbing
Commencement of laying road-base
Commencement of laying base course to carriageway
Commencement of laying wearing course to carriageway
10
Commencement of laying sub-base to footpaths
11
Commencement of laying base course to footpaths
12
Commencement of laying wearing course to footpaths
13
Commencement of laying of any blockwork.
Drainage Works
1
Setting out
Break into existing pipe runs before installation of saddle

connection or manhole
Completion, Bedding and Haunching, but before concrete

surrounding or haunching, and completion of manholes before
backfilling (tests where applicable)
Completion of backfill (tests where applicable)
Cleaning and jetting out.
2.5
Dealing with Water
2.5.1
The Developer shall keep all works free of water, including the arranging
for the rapid removal of water shed on the works or entering the works
from any source and including the lowering and maintaining by appropriate
measures the water level in excavations sufficiently to enable the works to
be constructed.
2.5.2
Any material, article or workmanship rendered unsuitable by the

Developers failure to comply with sub-clause 2.5.1 shall be remedied by
the Developer at the Developers expense and the Area Manager notified
accordingly.
14
2.6
Protection of Works from Weather, including Cold Weather

Working
2.6.1
The Developer shall take all necessary precautions to protect all works and
materials which may be subject to damage or injury by inclement weather.
2.6.2
No material in a frozen condition shall be incorporated into the works, nor

shall any materials be laid on a frozen surface.
2.6.3
Laying of material containing tar or bitumen shall cease if the temperature

of the surface to be covered falls below 2 C. Where, however, the surface
is dry, unfrozen and free of ice, laying may proceed if air temperatures in
the shade are at or above -1C on a rising thermometer.
2.6.4
Laying of materials containing cement shall cease when the descending air
temperature in the shade reaches 3 C and shall not be resumed until the
ascending air temperatures in the shade reaches 3 C.
2.6.5
If material used on the road pavement contains cement, and frost occurs
during the first seven days, one day shall be added to the period which
would otherwise be required before running of traffic of any sort on it for
each night on which the temperature of the surface of the layer in question
falls to 0C or below.
2.7
Control of Noise
2.7.1
The Developer shall comply with the recommendations set out in BS 5228
Noise Control on Construction and Open Sites together with any specific
requirements of the appropriate Local Planning Authority or Environmental
Health office.
2.8
2.8.1
The Developer shall verify and be satisfied as to the exact position of

apparatus for Statutory Undertakers, Publicly Owned Services and Privately
Owned Services.
2.8.2
During the progress of the works, the Developer shall take all measures
required by any Statutory Undertaker, the Management of other Publicly
Owned Service, or owners of privately owned services for the support and
full protection of all such services and supplies and shall ensure that no
such services or supplies are interrupted without the written consent of the
appropriate authority or owner.
2.8.3
The developer shall be solely responsible for orders given or informal

arrangements made for the installation , alteration or removal of Statutory
Undertakers plant and other publicly or privately owned services or
supplies.
2.8.4
The exception to sub-Clause 2.8.3 is street furniture and traffic signs

having an electricity supply, and in which case the Developer shall give not
less than 8 weeks notice in writing to the Road Lighting Engineer at Suffolk
County Council.
15
2.8.5
The Developer shall be solely responsible for ensuring that the backfilling
and reinstatement of Statutory Undertakers openings is completely in
accordance with the requirements of this Specification.
2.8.6
The use of plastic covers will not be permitted within the carriageway.
2.8.7
Groups of three or more stop-cock covers (e.g. adjacent to blocks of flats),

will not be permitted within the adoptable Highway limits, unless they are
accommodated within a suitable chamber. The Developer shall submit
details to the Area Manager for approval.
2.8.8
Covers, other than single stop-cock covers, shall not be sited within
vehicular accesses or the ramped/tactile area of pedestrian crossings.
2.8.9
Covers shall be set to a tolerance of zero to -3mm with the surrounding

surfacing.
2.9
2.9.1
Permission
2.9.2
16
a)
If as part of the development it is necessary to carry out work

affecting a public highway (including verges and footways) the
Developer shall make a written application to the Director for
permission to execute such works. It will be necessary for the
Developer to enter into a legal Agreement, supported by a Bond,
under the Highways Act (1980) before any works are commenced in
the highway.
b)
The Developer shall undertake work on the public highway strictly in

accordance with the Planning consent for the site and in an
expeditious manner so as to cause no unnecessary inconvenience or
danger to the public.
c)
The Developer shall indemnify the County Council against all third
party claims resulting from his works on the public highway. The
minimum amount of third party insurance to be carried by the
Developer shall be 5,000,000 (5 million).
Traffic Safety and Management

a)
The Developer shall take into account, when planning and carrying
out work on trafficked and public highways, the recommendations of
the joint report of the County Surveyors Society and the Department
of Transport titled Safety at Roadworks : Notes for Guidance (1994
third edition).
b)
The Developer shall take such measures as may be necessitated by

the works in accordance with recommendations contained in Chapter
8 of the Traffic Signs Manual (published by Her Majestys Stationery
Office), and any amendments thereto.
c)
A Code of Practice, titled Safety At Street Works And Road Works

and issued by the Secretary of State for Transport, has statutory
backing under the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991. Sections
65 and 124 of the Act require anyone carrying out work under the
Act to do so in a safe manner as regards the signing, lighting and
guarding of the works. The Developer shall note that these Sections
make it a criminal offence to fail to comply with this requirement,
and these Sections make a provision:
i)
that compliance with the Code is to be taken as compliance with

the legal requirements to which it relates;
and
ii)
that failure to comply with the Code will be evidence of failure to

comply with those legal requirements.
d)
When planning traffic safety and management measures, the

Developer shall, after consultation with any statutory undertaker,
Police or other authorities concerned, submit to the Area Manager for
his consent a traffic management programme based on such
consultation.
e)
Before any work is commenced which affects the public highway, the
Developer shall make fully operational all traffic safety and
management measures necessitated by such works and shall have
the consent of the Area Manager.
g)
On or adjacent to trafficked highway normally open to the public,

where work is carried out, the Developer shall ensure that personnel
shall, at all times, wear safety helmets to the current standards and
high visibility fluorescent garments which must incorporate retroreflective marking in accordance with Chapter 8 of the Traffic Signs
Manual.
2.10
2.10.1
Any damage caused by construction or other traffic to the highways, the

surface water drains, adjacent highways maintainable at the public
expense, Statutory Undertakers apparatus or other services shall be
rectified at the Developers own cost by the Developer.
2.10.2
The Developer shall not allow materials or equipment to be deposited on

the highway so as to cause damage or obstruction or to cause the creation
of nuisance or danger.
2.10.3
The Developer shall, in the vicinity of the works, keep highways including
drains and ditches free from mud, debris or dust arising from the works.
2.10.4
No materials, plant, apparatus or equipment shall be left and deposited or

stored on the new highways or other areas so as to constitute an actual or
potential hazard or obstruction to users of such highways or areas.
2.11
Street Nameplates
2.11.1
The Developer shall be responsible for submitting proposals for street

names to the relevant District Council in accordance with Clause 17 of the
Public Health Act 1925.
2.11.2
Street nameplates shall, wherever possible, be wall mounted or erected on

posts in hardened areas such as the back edge of footways. Grass verges
17
and grassed visibility splays shall not be used for the location of street
nameplates.
2.12
Programme of Works
2.12.1
No later than 21 days before the start date of works, the Developer shall
submit to the Area Manager a Programme of Works in the form of a
Network Diagram or Bar Chart showing the order of procedure in which it
is proposed to carry out the works.
2.12.2
If so requested by the Area Manager, the Developer shall furnish further

details and information reasonably required or provide in writing a general
description of the arrangements and methods of construction which it is
proposed to adopt for the carrying out of the works.
2.12.3
In producing a Programme of Works to be furnished, the Developer shall

demonstrate the full compliance with both this specification and the
conditions attached to the relevant planning permissions imposed by the
Local Planning Authority.
2.13
2.13.1
Under the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991, the Secretary of State
for Transport has issued codes of practice for certain sections of the Act.
2.13.2
Other Sections of the Act covered by Codes of Practice include Sections 56,
59, 60, 115, 118, 119, 84 and 143 with which the Developer shall comply
as appropriate. A Code of Practice for Inspections has also been issued.
2.13.3
In addition and of paramount importance, it is the duty of the Developer to

secure that the execution of any such works is supervised by a person
having a prescribed qualification as a supervisor and that there is on site at
all times when any such works are in progress at least one person having a
prescribed qualification as a trained operative. The Developer shall supply
the Area Manager with appropriate documentation as proof of the
qualifications of the personnel which the Developer proposes to use on
such works.
18
Special Requirements
19
20
Special Requirements
3.1
In carrying out development proposals, the Developer will be required to

comply with the requirements of other bodies.
3.2
The following are the principal bodies which may need to be contacted in
respect of apparatus, drains and watercourses under their jurisdiction. Any
works necessary as a result of the development will need to be agreed with
them before works commence.
Environment Agency
Cobham Road
Ipswich
IP3 9JE
Tel 01473 - 727712
Anglian Water Development
Anglian Water Services

PO Box 495
Huntingdon
Cambs.
PE29 6YY
Tel 01733 - 414188
Essex and Suffolk Water Co.
Main Projects Dept

Hall Street
Chelmsford
CM2 0HH
Essex
Tel 01245 - 491234
Transco PLC
Network Support Manager

British Gas Transco
Padholme Road
Peterborough
PE1 5XR
Tel 01733 - 897940
21
EDF
NRSWA department
Fore Hamlet
Ipswich
IP3 8AA
Suffolk
Tel 08701 - 963797
British Telecom
BT Diversionary Works Planning

Post Point HH 504
Howard House
St Andrews Street
Norwich
NR2 4TP
Norfolk
Tel 01603 - 725023/4/5/6
There are other bodies, for example, the British Pipeline Agency and
Railtrack, which may need to be contacted on certain developments.
3.4
22
A cable television and communications company currently has a franchise

which includes areas of Suffolk. Developers should note, that some sites
will require the installation of Cable TV ductwork and associated drawpits
and any other apparatus that forms part of the works. All details shall be
agreed with the cable company.
Site Clearance
23
24
Site Clearance
4.1
Underground structures, chambers and foundations within the area of the

highway shall be removed or made safe in an approved manner.
Impervious structures, slabs, hardstanding areas etc, which are permitted
to remain shall have holes to full depth made at uniform spacings to allow
free drainage such that the total area of perforation shall not be less than
10% of the impervious area to be drained.
4.2
Disused soil and surface water drains within 1m of formation shall be

removed.
4.3
All trees, hedges and undergrowth within the boundaries of the new road
shall be taken down, grubbed-up and removed from site. Particular care
must be taken to ensure all tree stumps and roots are removed and any
holes left shall be filled with an acceptable material and compacted in
layers not exceeding 225mm in loose depth to the same relative density as
the surrounding soil.
25
26
5.0
Fencing and Barriers
27
28
Fencing and Barriers
5.1
Where required, pedestrian barriers shall be provided at specified locations

to layout dimensions as agreed by the Director in accordance with the
Institution of Highways and Transportation document titled Revised
Guidelines for Reducing Mobility Handicaps: Towards a Barrier-Free
Environment (published July 1991).
5.2
Pedestrian guard rails parallel to carriageway shall comply with the detail
on Drg. No. 5/101, detail (a).
5.3
Pedestrian barriers for link footway shall be either:

a)
staggered barriers as shown on Drg. No. 5/101 detail (b); or
b)
staggered Kee Klamp barriers as shown on Drg. No. 5/101 detail (c).
5.4
In certain locations, the Planning Authority may request alternative types

of barrier to be provided and in such cases the Developer shall submit and
agree detail with this Authority for approval, prior to erection.
5.5
In all cases components for barriers shall be hot dipped galvanised to BS

729 after fabrication.
5.6
At some locations, bollards will be specified to prevent the use of

cycleways and footpaths by other vehicles. The Developer shall submit and
agree details with this Authority, prior to erection.
5.7
Where roads are in cutting or on embankment, fencing may be required to

delineate the highway boundary. The Developer shall submit and agree
details with this Authority, prior to erection.
29
30
Earthworks
6.1
6.2
General
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
31
32
Earthworks
6.1
6.1.1
The Developer shall have the option to construct the whole earthworks by:
EITHER
a)
the use of this Specification, clauses 6.2 to 6.5;
OR
b)
the use of the current Department of Transport Specification for

Highways Works.
6.1.2
Option (b) above may only be used where the Developer provides full time,
adequate, systematic, documented supervision by suitably experienced
personnel under the supervision of a qualified Civil Engineer to ensure that
the works comply with this alternative Specification. Supervisory and
Quality Assurance systems are to be scheduled and submitted, for approval
by the Area Manager, not later than four weeks prior to commencing
construction of the earthworks.
6.2
General
6.2.1
All organic material shall be stripped and removed from within the
boundaries of the new highway.
6.3
6.3.1
Excavation shall be completed to 300mm above formation level. The final

300mm of excavation shall be carried out as part of the road works
construction.
6.3.2
Trial pits shall be excavated at not less than 100m centres, as required by
the Surveyor, to 300mm and 750mm depth in two stages. Laboratory CBR
tests shall be carried out on samples from these depths to determine the
depth of sub-base required.
6.3.3
Excavation to formation level shall only take place after approval of the
CBR results by the Area Manager.
33
6.4
6.4.1
Fills shall be constructed from naturally occurring, or approved

manufactured, granular material and shall have the properties in Table 6.1,
and shall be compacted to the requirements of the specification as follows
in Table 6.2.
TABLE 6.1
FILL MATERIAL FOR EARTHWORKS AND TRENCH BACKFILL
34
DESCRIPTION
PARAMETER
coefficient of uniformity
2 (min)
10% fines value
30 kN (min)
coefficient of linear shrinkage of

material passing 425mm, BS sieve
4% (max)
mass passing 125mm. BS sieve
100%
mass passing 37.5mm. BS sieve
40-100%
10-100%
5-100%
0-15%
frost heave (BS 812) of fill material

below formation level and within
450mm of finished carriageway
level
15mm (max)
CBR of laboratory recompacted

sample 4.5kg rammer method (for
material within 300mm of
formation)
7% (min)
TABLE 6.2
COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
EARTHWORKS, TRENCH BACKFILL AND FORMATION
GRANULAR MATERIAL
COMPACTION PLANT
AND
WEIGHT CATEGORY
(More than 20% granular content including cement

bound granular)
Min. compaction, passes/layer for compacted layer
thickness up to 100mm
150mm
200mm
NP
Single drum
1000 2000kg
2000 3500kg
over 3500kg
6
3
3
NP
5
4
NP
7
6
Twin drum
600 1000kg
1000 2000kg
over 2000kg
6
3
2
NP
6
3
NP
NP
4
Vibrating plate
1400 1800kg
over 1800kg
5
3
NP
5
NP
7
Vibrotamper
50 kg minimum
Vibrating roller
Alternative compaction plant for areas of restricted access

Including small excavations and trenches less than 200mm wide
Vibrotamper
25kg minimum
Percussive
rammer
10kg minimum
Minimum of 6 compaction passes

Maximum of 100mm compacted layer thickness
NP = Not Permitted
Notes to Table 6/2
1 Single drum vibrating rollers are rollers providing vibration on one drum only
2 Twin drum vibrating rollers are rollers providing vibration on two separate drums.
35
6.5
6.5.1
The Developer shall be responsible for achieving compactions that comply

with the following:
a)
Formations and Earthworks within 200mm of formation level:

Compaction to a dry density of not less than 94% of the optimum dry
density obtained by the BS 1377 vibrating hammer method.
b)
Earthworks and Trench Backfill greater than 200mm below formation

level: Compaction, as measured in accordance with BS 1377 Part 9
Cl. 3.2 (1990) DPSH method, shall comply with the formula.
N=3+D
where:
N = Minimum number of blows to achieve 100mm
penetration
D = Depth of test in metres.
6.6
6.6.1
Where watercourses are encountered which are to be discontinued or

diverted from the sites of carriageways, footways or other works, the
original channels shall be cleared of all vegetable growths and soft deposits
and carefully filled in with materials complying with Table 6/1 and
compacted in accordance with Table 6/2 and Clause 6.5.
6.6.2
If in the course of construction of roadworks any springs are discovered,

where possible these should be connected to the stormwater system
provided for the new roads with the prior approval of the adopting
authority.
6.7
6.7.1
Wherever possible, ditches within the curtilage of development areas shall

be piped.
6.7.2
However, where required, existing ditches shall be cleared of all vegetable

growths and deposits. The sides shall be shaped fair throughout and the
bottoms properly graded. Material removed from existing ditches shall be
removed from the site and deposited in approved tips to be provided by
the Developer.
6.8
6.8.1
The final 300mm of excavation in cutting or removal of surcharge in fill

shall be carried out not more than 36 hours in advance of laying the subbase and with due regard to the nature of the subgrade and weather
conditions.
6.8.2
The formation shall be trimmed and rolled to the compaction requirements

of Table 6/2.
36
Drainage and Service Ducts
7.1
General
7.2
Excavation
7.3
Pipes
7.4
7.5
7.6
Jointing
7.7
Backfilling
7.8
Filter, Drains and Subsoil Drains
7.9
Bedding and Backfilling of Filter and

Subsoil Drains
7.10
Connections
Drains
7.11
7.12
Soakaways
7.13
7.14
Headwalls
7.15
7.16
Service Ducts
to
Existing
Sewers
and
37
38
Drainage and Service Ducts
7.1
General
7.1.1
Where any item of Highway drainage unavoidably passes under, or lies

within, land which will ultimately be conveyed to the purchaser of a
dwelling, an Easement will be required giving the Highway Authority right
of access at all times for repair and maintenance purposes.
Acknowledgement of the presence of such drainage and the maintenance
thereof must be safeguarded by the inclusion of an Easement by the
Developer within the conveyance of each affected property. The Developer
is required to submit a draft of any such Easement to the County Solicitor
for approval prior to the sale of the affected property.
7.1.2
7.1.3
All pipes, manholes, catchpits, soakaways and gullies shall be installed at

the position, line and level as shown on the approved drawings. The
Developer shall note that soakaways are not normally acceptable in urban
areas.
7.1.4
Before construction of the carriageway, footways and visibility splays are

commenced all drains, sewers and chambers within the adoptable Area
shall be completed. Developers shall note that conditions attached to
planning permissions require that visibility splays and junction works shall
be completed before any other work commences.
7.1.5
A Code of Practice, titled Specification for the Reinstatement of Openings

in Highways and issued by the Secretary of State for Transport, has
statutory backing under the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991.
Sections 71 and 130 of the Act require reinstatements to comply with the
Specification prescribed for materials to be used and standards of
workmanship to be observed, and to ensure that reinstatements conform
to prescribed performance standards:
a)
in the case of an interim reinstatement, until a permanent

reinstatement is effected;
AND
b)
in the case of a permanent reinstatement, for the prescribed period

after the completion of the reinstatement.
The Code of Practice gives practical guidance on the reinstatement

standards required, and the Developer shall note that failure to comply
with the duties under Section 71 or 130 constitutes a CRIMINAL OFFENCE.
Compliance with the Code will satisfy the Developers statutory obligations.
The Developer shall also be aware that off site works within the public
highway require the approval of the Area Manager.
7.1.6
No surface water drainage shall pass beneath any building.
39
7.2
Excavation
7.2.1
Trenches shall be excavated to the widths shown on Drawing Nos. 7/101

and 7/102, with the method of working and support complying with the
current legislation and Codes of Practice.
7.2.2
Control of water into the excavation shall be sufficient to prevent standing

water in the trench works.
7.2.3
All soft spots in the trench bottom are to be removed and filled with
approved compacted material before the pipe bedding material is laid.
7.2.4
The trench bottom is to be completed to a smooth grade and of no greater

depth than is necessary to achieve the depth of bedding specified.
7.2.5
With spigot and socket pipes sufficient clearance must be allowed for any
sockets to avoid point loads on the pipes.
7.3
Pipes
7.3.1
All pipes and fittings are to carry the relevant BS number and be
kitemarked. Pipes may be either rigid or flexible and shall be to the current
issue of the British Standard and as in Table 7.2.
7.3.2
The developer shall submit pipe strength calculations if so requested by the

Director.
7.4
7.4.1
Pipes shall be bedded according to Drawing Nos. 7/101 and 7/102.

Flexible pipes shall use Bed Type S, and rigid pipes may use any of Bed
Types A, Z, B, or S.
7.4.2
Material for Bed Type B, (granular Bed) and Bed type S (Bed and surround)
shall comply with BS 882 to the following sizes, in Table 7.1.
TABLE 7.1
NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER
40
SINGLE SIZED AGGREGATE TO BS 882
less than 150mm
10mm
including 150mm up to 300mm
10mm or 14mm
including 300mm up to 525mm
14mm or 20mm
including 525mm and above
14mm, 20mm or 40mm
TABLE 7.2
USE
Surface water
TYPE OF PIPE
Vitrified clay
Concrete
UPVC (flexible)
Filter drains
sub-soil drains
and Vitrified clay

Concrete
UPVC
Flat invert
corrugated
BS
NOTES
appropriate for
particular conditions
65
Strength to be
(Rigid) standard,
extra or super
5911
Strength to be
(Rigid) class L, M, or
H
4660 or 5481
Not to be used
when cover is less
than 1.2m under
carriageway
and
0.9m under footway
or verge
65
1194
Perforated
Porous with ogee or
rebated joints and
impervious inverts
4660 or 5481
Perforated
4962
Perforated
For all perforated pipes the total area of perforation shall not be
less than 1000mm2 /m length pipe.
7.4.3
The material for bed and surround shall be well compacted beneath and to
the sides of the pipes to the depths shown on the standard drawings.
7.4.4
The minimum pipe diameter for carrier drains shall be 225mm.
41
7.5
7.5.1
Where cover to pipes is less than 1.2m below carriageway and vehicular
crossings and 0.9m below footways and verges, only rigid pipes shall be
permitted and such shall be laid with a bed and surround of Mix ST2
concrete to BS 5328 and Drawing No 7/101 Type Z.
7.5.2
For bed type A, the concrete shall be Mix ST4.
7.5.3
Backfilling and compaction shall not take place until the concrete has
achieved its 7 days strength.
7.6
Jointing
7.6.1
All joints shall be flexible type and to the appropriate British Standard for
the type of pipe used.
7.6.2
Where a concrete surround is used with rigid pipes the flexibility of the
joint must be maintained by incorporating a 12mm thick joint filler material
across each joint.
7.6.3
Joints shall be water tight and the Area Manager may require an air test in
sections such that a 100mm head of water has not dropped more than
25mm after a period of 5 minutes.
7.6.4
Drains passing this test must retain the air until at least 0.5m of backfill
has been placed and compacted.
7.6.5
Drains failing to pass the air test shall have the defects made good and be
re-tested.
7.7
Backfilling
7.7.1
In addition to the bed, surround and haunch provided above, a further

layer of granular backfill shall be provided to a height of 300mm above the
top of the pipe but lightly compacted only, i.e., excluding power rammers
etc.
7.7.2
The remainder of the trench is to be filled and compacted in layers up to

the formation level of the carriageway, footway, or verge level with
granular backfill in accordance with the Earthworks Section (see Clauses
6.4 and 6.5).
7.7.3
Special care shall be taken to fill and compact voids left by the removal of
trench support or shuttering.
7.8
Filter Drains and Subsoil Drains
7.8.1
Filter drains and subsoil drains shall be installed to the line and level as
shown on the approved drawings.
7.8.2
Pipes shall be as Table 7/2, jointed flexibly with the recommendations of

the appropriate British Standard.
42
7.9
Bedding and Backfilling of Filter and Sub-soil Drains
7.9.1
Filter drains shall be laid to the bed/backfill detail H or M of the Standard

Drawing with the addition of any filter membrane if shown on the approved
drawing.
7.9.2
The backfill material shall be Type A or Type B as Table 7.3 below.
TABLE 7.3
PERCENTAGE BY MASS PASSING BS SIEVE SIZE
MILLIMETRES
63
Type A
37.7
20
MICRONS
10
100
85 - 100
0 25
1.18
600
150
60 - 100
15 - 45
0 25
0-5
Type B
100
0-5
7.9.3
Type A is to be used for subsoil drainage and Type B if surface water is to

flow to the pipe.
7.9.4
Backfill material is to be deposited in layers not exceeding 225mm and

compacted.
7.10
Connections to existing sewers and drains
7.10.1
Where shown on the deposited drawings existing pipes shall be extended,

satisfactorily connected and jointed to the new drains with the approval of
the appropriate authority.
7.10.2
Connections between such pipes and sewers shall be made with purpose
built oblique junctions surrounded by Grade C10P concrete.
7.10.3
No drain, duct or service discovered during the course of construction shall

be blocked off or diverted without the consent of the Area Manager or the
appropriate District Council or other Statutory Authority as required.
7.10.4
The method of connections of any such pipe must be agreed with the Area
Manager or other inspecting Authority.
7.10.5
Where highway drains are fractured or a diversion is required all such work
shall be at the Developers expense.
43
7.11
7.11.1
Catchpits and manholes shall be constructed in the locations and to the

levels shown on the approved drawings and as Drg. No. 7/103, including a
300mm sump, and as Drg. No. 7/107. The spacing between chambers
shall not exceed 75m.
7.11.2
In cases where maximum full bore velocities are in excess of 2m/sec, and
the direction of flow changes more than 45 degrees or where access to
clean out a sump by mechanical means cannot be achieved then the sump
shall be omitted and the base of the manhole benched in a mix ST4
concrete with 25mm granolithic concrete finish and half-round channels to
the manhole invert.
7.11.3
On any catchpit, manhole, or soakaway, the first two pipes of any inlet or
outlet shall be a short length pipe not exceeding a maximum 300mm from
the concrete surround/backfill surround face plus a rocker pipe not
exceeding 600mm length except for pipes over 450mm diameter when
rocker pipes can be 1m long. Precast units shall be jointed with permitted
types of mortar and the manhole or catchpit shall be watertight with no
identifiable loss of water into the permanent works.
7.11.4
Manhole tops shall be to BSEN124:1994 Class D400, be silent in use, and

have a minimum frame depth of 100mm, where located in the
carriageway. All manhole tops shall be clearly marked on the upper
surface with the maker's name/logo, EN124, the appropriate loading class
and mark of the certifying body, additionally the letters "SW" or "FW" as
appropriate in one corner. Manhole tops shall incorporate prising slots to
enable covers to be loosened prior to attempting to lift them from their
frame. In addition, manhole tops shall incorporate a non-captive hinge
and be designed in such a way as to ensure that the covers can be fully
removed without the need for any single operative being exposed to loads
in excess of 25 kg.
7.11.5
Manhole tops shall be bedded on a resin mortar in accordance with the

recommendations set out in the Highway Agency Guidance Note HA104/2
on between 2 and 4 courses of Class B engineering brickwork laid 225mm
header pattern. Precast concrete cover seating rings to BSEN124:1994
may be used instead of brickwork.
7.11.6
All tops in the carriageway shall be placed after completion of the

basecourse layer and shall remain at basecourse level (inclusive of gullies)
unless the wearing course is to be laid within the following 3 days, in which
case such covers shall be raised to finished levels.
7.11.7
Backfill to the concrete surround of manholes and catchpits shall be

granular fill placed and compacted in layers not exceeding 125mm
thickness to clause 7.7 and the Earthworks Section.
7.11.8
Where compaction to the appropriate standard cannot be obtained the

backfill shall comprise Mix ST2 concrete.
7.11.9
To enable satisfactory construction and completion of roadbase and

basecourse materials, manholes and catchpits shall be left at cover slab
level until completion of the basecourse layer. The cover slab openings
shall be protected with steel road plates and paving machine allowed to
44
run through without interference. Gully topss may be set at basecourse

level prior to the laying of roadbase and basecourse.
7.11.10
On completion of the basecourse layer the road plates shall be exposed

and removed and the covers and frames bricked up to basecourse level.
Any making good between the brick work and surrounding surfacing shall
be carried out in Mix ST2 concrete.
7.11.11
In areas of high risk, e.g. outside schools, on approaches to traffic signals,

roundabouts and crossing, or other areas where a high skid resistant
surface is specified, manhole covers shall have a minimum PSV of 70.
7.12
Soakaways
7.12.1
Soakaways are normally not acceptable in urban situations.
7.12.2
The Highway Authority will only consider the use of soakaways on

developments where it is not possible to drain the highways by a positive
system. The Developer must produce written evidence of approval to
drainage by soakaway from the Environment Agency.
7.12.3
The Developer is advised to contact the Environment Agency at an early

stage if the use of soakaways is considered the only feasible solution and
the first point of contact should be the Regional Office as follows:
Environment Agency
Cobham Road
Ipswich IP3 9JE
Tel 01473 727712 or 0845 933 3111
7.12.4
Commuted sums will be required at the time of completion of any Section

38 or other agreement under the Highways Act (1980) which includes
soakaways for highway drainage intended for adoption by this Authority.
7.12.5
Soakaways shall be located in areas of public open space within a

development. Other areas for the location of soakaways may be adopted
as highway.
7.12.6
Soakaways shall be designed to take account of the prevailing ground

conditions and in accordance with design parameters and methods agreed
with this Authority.
7.12.7
Soakaways shall be constructed as Drg. No. 7/104 and Drg. No. 7/107
unless otherwise agreed with the edge of the excavation located clear of
the carriageway channel a distance equal to the full depth (cover level to
sump) of the soakaway with a minimum of 4m clearance. They shall be
linked wherever possible.
7.12.8
Soakaway tops shall be to BSEN124:1994 Class D400, be silent in use, and

have a minimum frame depth of 100mm. All soakaway tops shall be
clearly marked on the upper surface with the maker's name/logo, EN124,
the appropriate loading class and mark of the certifying body, additionally
the letters "SW" in one corner. Soakaway tops shall incorporate prising
slots to enable covers to be loosened prior to attempting to lift them from
their frame. In addition, soakaway tops shall incorporate a non-captive
hinge and be designed in such a way as to ensure that the covers can be
45
fully removed without the need for any single operative being exposed to
loads in excess of 25 kg.
7.12.9
Soakaway tops shall be bedded on a resin mortar in accordance with the

recommendations set out in the Highway Agency Guidance Note HA104/2
on between 2 and 4 courses of Class B engineering brickwork laid 225mm
header pattern. Precast concrete cover seating rings to BSEN124:1994
7.13
7.13.1
Gullies and connections shall be installed at the locations shown on the

approved drawings unless otherwise agreed by the Area Manager.
7.13.2
Gullies shall be constructed to Drawing No. 7/105. Gully pots must be

precast concrete to BS 5911 part 2 and uPVC pots used as formers are not
acceptable.
7.13.3
The internal diameter of gully pots shall be 375mm on all carriageways.

Pots shall be 750mm deep with a 150mm diameter outlet and trapped.
7.13.4
Gully tops shall be to BSEN124:1994 Class C250, be silent in use and have
a minimum frame depth of 100mm where located in housing estate roads.
Where located on Local Distributor or roads of a higher classification, class
D400, silent in use and have a minimum frame depth of 100mm, shall be
used. On cyclepath/footways covers and frames will be Class C250
provided they are silent in operation, have a minimum frame depth of
100mm and be pedestrian friendly mesh grate design. All gully tops shall
be clearly marked on the upper surface with the makers name/logo,
EN124, the appropriate loading and mark of the certifying body
The dimensions of the clear opening to be approximately 370mm (along
the kerbline) by 430mm, to give a waterway area of approximately
1000cm2. Gully tops shall incorporate a captive hinge arrangement to
prevent removal and theft.
Double-triangular gratings are not permitted.
7.13.5
Gully tops must be placed directly over the gully pot and bedded on a resin
mortar in accordance with the recommendations set out in the Highway
Agency Guidance note HA104/2 on between 1 and 3 courses of 225mm
Class B engineering brickwork except where the connecting pipe crosses
the carriageway and the invert of the spigot is required to be 175mm
minimum below formation level when more than 3 courses of brickwork
will be permitted. Precast concrete cover seating rings to BSEN124:1994
7.13.6
The frames are to be supported by brickwork laid as the Drawing, in a

header pattern and with any corbelling not more than 25mm per course.
7.13.7
The use of lintels for support is not permitted.
7.13.8
The misalignment of gully pots from the kerbline by more than 50mm is
not acceptable and the gully frame must be tight up against the kerb face
in order to prevent water over-running.
46
7.13.9
The change from the rectangular internal profile of the brickwork to that of
the circular gully pot must be neatly benched in Class 1 mortar to BS 5628
and BS 5224.
7.13.10
Gully connections shall have flexible joints with the first joint not exceeding
2m from the gully.
7.13.11
The length of any gully connection shall not exceed 12m.
7.13.12
Junctions to the main pipe runs will be by means of purpose made oblique
junctions and fitted seals if not immediately connected to the gullies to
enable testing to take place if required.
7.13.13
Purpose made saddles will not be acceptable to form junctions to a new

system unless previously agreed with the Area Manager. All holes cut for
saddles shall be inspected and checked for position, pipe damage and
debris in pipeline prior to fixing saddles.
7.13.14
Gully tops shall be installed at such a level so as to drain the carriageway

at the base course level, unless the wearing course is to be laid within 3
days of the base course. Gully tops can then be raised to the final levels
just prior to the wearing course being laid.
7.13.15
Gullies shall be covered during construction and must not be used as a

means of disposing of mud and site debris during the construction period.
47
7.14
Headwalls
7.14.1
At the inlet and outfall of pipes to all open ditches and watercourses,
headwalls shall be constructed in accordance with details which the
Developer shall have agreed with the Environment Agency and which have
been submitted as detailed drawings previously approved by the Director.
7.14.2
Headwalls shall be fitted with such grills, frames and traps as required by
the Director which are childproof but that will still allow access.
7.15
7.15.1
In accordance to any testing during construction the Area Manager may

require an air test between chambers before a Substantial Completion
Certificate is issued.
7.15.2
At this stage all gullies, chambers and soakaways shall be cleared out by
mechanical suction and all works left clean and free of silt, debris etc.
7.15.3
On adoption a further emptying will be required along with pressure clean

of all pipe runs by a competent Contractor and the Area Manager will
require to see the written report of the operator concerning any defect,
blockages etc.
7.15.4
In addition the Area Manager may ask for a CCTV survey with
interpretation by a trained operative and a copy of the video tape recording
supplied to the Area Manager. All costs for such shall be borne in full by
the Developer.
7.15.5
It is the policy of the Highway Authority not to finally adopt a road unless
all the drainage within it and to the outfall, but which may also include
some off-site works, is to be publicly maintainable by the County Council or
other Statutory Undertaker and an Agreement to that effect has been
engrossed.
7.15.6
The Developer shall therefore ensure that at the same time the request to
adopt a road is made to the County Council, the Developer also arranges
for adoption of any sewers, manholes, drains etc. that are to be the
responsibility of other Authorities under a Section 104 Agreement of the
Water Industry Act.
7.15.7
Failure to do this may delay adoption of the highway.
7.16
Service Ducts
7.16.1
Service ducts are to be laid to Drawing No. 7/106. All service ducts shall be
laid at such times and in such a manner as to ensure that no disturbance is
caused to any construction already executed.
7.16.2
Backfill materials and compaction standards shall be as for drainage

trenches with special care required around covers and boxes.
7.16.3
Pipes for service ducts shall be GREY for British Telecom and BLACK for
lighting and electricity services and laid so that no concrete or debris is
able to enter the duct.
48
7.16.4
Any ducts and/or cables installed for private apparatus (viz. apparatus that
is not the responsibility of a Statutory Undertaker) must be licensed by the
County Council prior to adoption. Application for the licence must be made
by the Company owning the apparatus.
7.16.5
Failure to comply with 7.16.4 above may delay adoption of the highways.
7.16.6
Service ducts for streetlighting or traffic/pelican signal installations shall be

ORANGE in colour, constructed from a low density polythene material with
the wording STREET LIGHTING or TRAFFIC SIGNALS as appropriate
stamped at one metre intervals along the length of the duct.
49
50
Roadworks General
8.1
8.2
Junctions between Development Roads

and County Roads
8.3
8.4
Construction Requirements for materials

for Sub-base and Concrete Roadbase
8.5
Construction
Bituminous
Surfacing
8.6
Testing Unbound, Cement Bound and

Requirements
Bound
Roadbase
for
and
51
Roadworks General
8.1
8.1.1
Submission of records
8.1.2
8.1.3
a)
A log of the levels relative to O.D. shall be available on site and kept
for inspection by the Area Manager.
b)
The measurements and levels shall be made either by a qualified Civil

or Structural Engineer and/or Chartered Surveyor, approved by the
Area Manager.
c)
Records shall indicate:

a grid of points with not more than 10m between any two
longitudinal stations or 2m between any two traverse stations,
except where the Area Manager shall direct that a closer spacing
be used to cater for abnormal vertical curvature.
ii)
the design level of each station.
iii)
the achieved level at the station measured to an accuracy of

5mm.
iv)
the difference between the design level and the achieved level.
v)
certification that levels between stations were not more than

5mm from a straight bone line and followed by a smooth
curve where the general levels or the area indicated a curve.
vi)
certificate that the levels had not been adjusted since the taking
of readings.
vii)
the name, signature and qualifications of the person who

recorded the levels.
Tolerance in Surface Levels of Carriageway Pavement Courses
Carriageway surface
0 to + 6mm
Basecourse (upper level)
- 6mm to + 6mm
Roadbase (upper level)
- 10mm to + 10mm
Sub-base (upper level)
- 10mm to + 10mm
Formation
- 40 mm to 0
Surface Regularity
a)
52
i)
The longitudinal regularity of wearing course surfaces shall be within

the relevant tolerances stated in Table 8.1.
TABLE 8.1
IRREGULARITY
(mm)
EXCEEDING
MAXIMUM NO. OF IRREGULARITIES AS MEASURED BY A

DOT ROLLING STRAIGHT EDGE
4
10
Traverse length
20
50
20
20
any
Shared surface road
11
22
none
16
none
12
none
Minor access road

Major access road
Local distributor road
b)
8.1.4
Compliance with Table 8/1 shall be tested by a rolling straight edge

of the type designed by the Transport and Road Research
Laboratory, operated parallel to the centre line of the carriageway
and 1.2m from the nearside edge of each lane of the carriageway.
Rectification of Tolerance Errors

a)
Where any tolerance is exceeded the Developer shall determine the

full extend of the area which is out of tolerance and shall make good
the surface of the pavement course or formation in the manner
described below.
b)
Formation Level
If the surface is too high it shall be re-trimmed and re-compacted. If
the surface is too low the deficiency shall be corrected by the
addition of fresh suitable material of the same classification laid and
compacted to specification.
c)
Roadbases and Sub-bases

Where these consist of unbound material the top 75mm shall be
scarified, reshaped, with added material as necessary, and recompacted all to specification. The area treated shall normally be less
than 10m long and 2m wide or such less length to be determined by
the Director as necessary to obtain compliance with the specification.
Where the courses consist of cement treated material, the method of
correction will depend on the period which has elapsed between
detection of the error and the time of mixing of the material. If this is
less than two hours, the surface shall be scarified to a depth of not
less than 50mm supplemented with freshly mixed material as
necessary and re-compacted all to specification. If the period is two
hours or more the full depth of the layer shall be removed from the
pavement and replaced to specification. In either case the area
treated shall be not less than 5m long by 2m wide. For areas
corrected, within seven days of laying, no construction traffic or
compaction plant shall use the surrounding satisfactory areas.
53
Coated macadam or asphalt roadbases shall have the full depth of

the top layer removed and be replaced with fresh material laid and
compacted to specification. Any area so treated shall be at least 5m
long and not less than one lane wide.
d)
Basecourses and Wearing Courses

These shall have the full depth of the layer removed and replaced
with fresh material laid and compacted to specification.
Where the surface level of a basecourse or wearing course is too
high or too low, the area rectified shall be at least 5m or 15m long
respectively and not less than one lane wide.
Where the number of surface irregularities exceeds the limits in Table
8/1 the area to be rectified shall be 200m or 50m long, as
appropriate, and not less than one lane wide, or such less length to
be determined by the Director as necessary to make the surface
regularity conform with limits.
8.2
Junction Between New Estate Roads and Existing County

Roads
8.2.1
The new estate road, where it joins the existing County Road, shall have its
bellmouth, footpaths and visibility splays constructed to finished surfacing
levels prior to any other works taking place on the site in accordance with
Planning Conditions for the Development.
8.2.2
The existing carriageway shall be cut back to a clean vertical edge and the
development constructed up to that edge.
8.2.3
The wearing course shall be overlapped by 100mm to 150mm with the

vertical joint receiving hot applied 50 pen. bitumen.
8.3
8.3.1
Construction traffic shall be allowed to run over the construction layers

only after the periods in the following table have elapsed:
LAYER DESCRIPTION
PERIOD
Cement bound materials in flexible 7 frost free days from laying*

pavement
Bituminous material
Sufficient time to allow hardening
Unbound materials
N.A
*Where the Developer can demonstrate that a pavement will reach its 7 day
specified strength in less than 7 days, the pavement may be
trafficked once the 7 days strength has been obtained.
54
8.3.2
Before placing any layer of pavement, the preceding layer shall be clean
and free from contamination. If unbound materials become contaminated
they shall be cleaned, scarified and recompacted to the approval of the
Director before the succeeding layer is placed.
8.3.3
Sub-base, concrete roadbase and bituminous roadbase shall not be used

by construction traffic except for that traffic required to construct the next
layer. If the Developer requires to traffic roadbase with plant for any other
purpose, then the Developer shall increase by 20mm the design thickness
of the roadbase at his own expense and this shall be clearly indicated on
the approved drawings and detailed in the programme of works to be
furnished.
8.4
Construction Requirements for Materials for Sub-Base and

Concrete Roadbase
8.4.1
Material for sub-base and concrete roadbase shall be supplied and laid to
conform with the following:
a)
Transporting
1)
b)
Laying
1)
c)
Vehicles carrying plant-mixed material shall have a capacity

suited to the output of the mixing plant and the site conditions
and be capable of discharging cleanly. Material when mixed shall
be removed at once from the mixer, transported directly to the
point where it is to be laid and protected from the weather both
during transit from the mixer to the laying site and while
awaiting tipping.
All material shall be placed and spread evenly. Spreading shall
be undertaken either concurrently with placing or without delay.
Except where otherwise specified in individual clauses, the
material shall be spread in one layer so that after compaction
the total thickness is as specified. For cement treated materials
the Developer shall so organise the work that the longitudinal
joints against hardened material are avoided so far as possible.
Before work proceeds against a longitudinal joint of such
material the edge compacted earlier shall, if it has been exposed
for more than one hour, be cut back vertically to produce a face
of the specified thickness of layer and of properly compacted
material.
Compacting
1)
Unbound and cement bound materials shall be compacted using

a vibrating roller to a dry density of not less than 94% of the
optimum dry density obtained by the BS1377 vibrating hammer
method.
2)
Compaction of unbound materials is to be carried out in the

same day and for cement bound materials within two hours of
either the adding of the cement or the water.
55
d)
3)
Compacting equipment shall not bear directly on hardened or

partially hardened cement treated material previously laid other
than that necessary for achieving the specified compaction at
the joint.
4)
Special care shall be taken to obtain full compaction in the

vicinity of both longitudinal and traverse joints and in the case
of cement treated material the developer shall use special small
compactors in addition if necessary. Any poorly compacted
cement treated material in the vicinity of construction joints shall
be removed and replaced with fresh material.
5)
The surface of any layer of material shall, on completion of

compaction, be well closed, free from movement under
compaction plant and from compaction planes, ridges, cracks or
loose material. All loose, segregated or otherwise defective
areas shall be made good to the full thickness of layer and recompacted. If, in the case of cement treated material, this
cannot be done within two hours of batching the making good
shall comprise the material being broken out to the full thickness
of layer, removed and replaced with freshly mixed material
compacted to specification.
Protection and Curing

1)
Any layer of cement treated material shall, immediately on

completion of compaction, be cured for a period which shall not
be less than seven days.
Curing the surface of the layers shall be achieved by one of the
following methods:
2)
Covering until the next pavement layer is laid with approved

impermeable plastic sheeting, adequately secured from being
blown off the surface with joints overlapped at least 300mm and
set to prohibit egress of moisture.
3)
Bituminous spraying at a rate of 1 0.3 1/m2. Binders used

shall be either road tar to BS 76, cut-back bitumen to BS 3690,
Class 1 spray grade anionic bitumen road emulsion to BS 434 or
spray grade cationic emulsion, Cationic emulsion shall comply
with BS 434 in respect of general properties.
8.5
Construction Requirement for Bituminous Bound Roadbase

and Surfacing
8.5.1
Material for bituminous bound roadbase and surfacing shall be supplied

and laid to conform with the requirements for BS 594 for asphalt materials
or BS 4987 for macadams, except that a minimum percentage refusal
density (PRD) of 94% shall be achieved.
8.5.2
Where a bituminous course is not overlaid with a further course within 3

days the course shall have an approved tack coat applied in accordance
with the general requirements of BS 594 immediately prior to overlaying.
56
8.6
Testing Unbound, Cement Bound and Bituminous Bound

Materials
8.6.1
The testing of aggregates shall comply with BS 812 and of bitumen with
BS 3690.
a)
b)
Unbound Material
1)
Material shall be sampled once for each 200 tonnes delivered

from sub-base material. In cases of dispute the sampling
precedence deemed to apply shall be the taking of samples as
described in BS 812 from a stockpile being that arising from the
tipping of one full truck load.
2)
Crushed material shall be sampled as in paragraph (i) above

except that, providing that the material is not to be stockpiled,
the material may be sampled from the crusher or loading
conveyor by the agreement of the Director.
Cement Bound Material

1)
c)
Four tests for density and four tests for strength shall be taken
from each days work or each 1,000m2, whichever is the lesser
quantity, and the procedure shall be:
1.
Samples of mixed material will be taken immediately

before laying and compacted in 2 cube moulds by the
vibrating hammer method BS 1924 (to refusal).
2.
An area in the immediate vicinity from which the sample

was recovered shall be used for the determination of dry
density in accordance with BS 1924 Sand Replacement
Method or Nuclear Densiometer Method within a period
of from four to twenty-four hours after adding the
cement to the mix. Where the nominal size of aggregate
is 20mm or less the 150mm diameter apparatus may be
used in lieu of the BS 200mm diameter apparatus.
3.
One cube from each pair shall be stripped within four to

eight hours of making and the dry density calculated. In
making the calculation it shall be assumed that the
moisture content as laid was higher than the recorded by
oven drying by 10% of the oven dried moisture content.
4.
One cube from each pair shall be cured for 7 days for
strength testing, on the site or at an approved
laboratory. Curing and testing shall be in accordance
with BS 1881.
Bituminous Bound Material

1)
Bituminous mixtures shall be sampled and tested at the rate of

not less than one sample for each 75 tonnes laid, with a
minimum of one sample per day for each type of material. The
sampling and analysis shall be in accordance with BS 598.
57
d)
Costs of Sampling and Tests

1)
58
The costs of all samples and tests carried out will be borne by
the Developer.
59
60
Roadworks Materials
9.1
Thickness of Pavement Course
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
Concrete Roadbase Materials
9.6
9.7
Precast Concrete Block Paving
61
Roadworks Materials
9.1
Thickness of Pavement Courses
9.1.1
For each road designation, the thickness of the individual pavement

courses shall be constructed as Table 9.2
9.2
9.2.1
Carriageway sub-base construction shall consist of Type 1 or Type 2

material. However, in all cases the upper 225mm of material shall be Type
1.
9.2.2
Recycled materials may be permitted in sub-base construction. Should the

developer intend to use such, details of these materials, including results
of testing to Cl. 710 and Table 8/3 of the Specification for Highway Works,
and the source and estimated final quantity in the works, shall be agreed
with the Area Manager before works commence.
9.2.3
The full thickness of the sub-base shall continue for a distance of 300mm
beyond the limits of the kerb beam.
9.2.4
All sub-base materials shall carry a certificate of Non Frost Susceptibility.
9.2.5
If the sub-base is contaminated from use by construction traffic, all

contaminated material shall be removed and replaced with fresh material
and recompacted to the Area Managers satisfaction.
TABLE 9.1
SUB-BASE TYPES 1 AND 2 RANGE OF GRADINGS
PERCENTAGE BY MASS PASSING
BS SIEVE SIZE
Type 1
Type 2
100
100
37.5mm
85 100
85 100
10mm
40 70
45 100
5mm
25 45
25 85
600micron
8 22
8 45
75 micron
05
0 - 10
75mm
The particle size shall be determined by the washing and sieving method of BS812 Part
103
62
TABLE 9.2
DEPTH OF PAVEMENT COURSES
DEPTH OF SUB-BASE FOR CBR VALUES
ROAD BASE DEPTH

(mm)
ROAD CATEGORY
less than
2%
Shared surface road
Minor access road
Major access road
Local distributor road
Notes:
2
3
4
See
Clause
2.1.3
2%
370
420
450
500
3%
280
320
340
380
4%
225
250
270
300
5% and
greater
225
225
225
225
SURFACING DEPTH
(mm)
Bitumen
bound
Lean
concrete
Base
course
Wearing
course
---
---
80 HRA
---
100 DBM
---
---
130
HRA 60
HRA 50
HRA 100
---
HRA 60
HRA 50
DBM 120
---
HRA 50
HRA 50
---
140
HRA 60
HRA 50
HRA 130
---
HRA 50
HRA 50
DBM 150
---
HRA 50
HRA 50
---
180
HRA 70
HRA 50
HRA 150
---
HRA 50
HRA 50
DBM 170
---
HRA 50
HRA 50
concrete blocks on
35mm sand
1
Where sub-grade is frost susceptible, the sub-base depth shall be increased to provide a minimum construction depth of 450mm.
Where CBR is less than 5%, see Cl. 2.1.4.
Where CBR is less than 2%, special measures will apply
For concrete roadbase, see Cl. 9.5.1
63
9.3
9.3.1
Type 1 granular material shall be crushed rock, crushed slag, crushed concrete
or well burnt non-plastic shale. The material shall be well-graded, and lie within
the grading envelope of Table 9.1.
9.3.2
The material passing the BS sieve shall be non-plastic as defined by BS 1377,

and tested in compliance therewith.
9.3.3
The material shall be transported, laid and compacted without drying out or
segregation
9.3.4
The material shall have a 10% fines value of 50kN or more when tested in
compliance with BS 812 except that samples shall be tested in a saturated and
surface dried condition. Prior to testing the selected test portions shall be
soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours without previously having
been oven dried.
9.4
9.4.1
Type 2 granular material shall be natural sands, gravels, crushed rock, crushed
slag, crushed concrete or well burnt non-plastic shale. The material shall be
well-graded and lie within the grading envelope of Table 9.1.
9.4.2
The material passing the 425mm BS sieve when tested in compliance with
BS 1377 shall have a plasticity index of less than 6.
9.4.3
The material shall satisfy the minimum CBR requirement of 30% when tested
in accordance with BS 1377 Test 16, with surcharge discs. The material shall
be tested at the density and moisture content likely to develop in equilibrium
pavement conditions which shall be taken as being the density relating to a
uniform air voids content of 5% and the optimum moisture content
determined in compliance with BS 5835.
9.4.4
The material shall have a 10% fines value of 50kN or more when tested in
compliance with BS 812 except that the samples shall be tested in a saturated
and surface dried condition. Prior to testing the selected test portions shall be
soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours without previously having
been oven dried.
9.4.5
The material shall be transported, laid, compacted and maintained while

exposed at a moisture content within the range 1% above to 2% below the
optimum moisture content determined in compliance with BS 5835 and
without drying out or segregation.
9.4.6
Because of the difficulty of achieving compliance with Clause 9.4.5 during

periods of wet weather, developers are advised to consider the sole use of
materials complying with Clause 9.3 (Type 1), as the road sub-base.
64
9.5
Lean Concrete Roadbase Materials
9.5.1
Lean Concrete roadbase may be used as a roadbase for some road

designations. Lean Concrete shall be constructed in accordance with the DoT
Specification for CBM3 material subject to the following:
i)
The roadbase to be constructed as a continuous operation shall be in

excess of 200m length of full width carriageway;
AND
ii)
This option may only be used if the Developer can demonstrate that the
Developer will provide full time adequate systematic documented
supervision by a qualified Civil Engineer to ensure that the works comply
with the DoT Specification.
9.5.2
The material shall comply with the DoT Specification for CBM3 material and
shall be laid to the thicknesses in Table 9.1 and compacted using a vibrating
roller to a dry density of not less than 94% of the optimum dry density
obtained by the BS 1377 vibrating hammer method.
9.5.3
Details of the supervision and a method statement for the laying of lean
concrete are to be submitted in writing for approval by the Area Manager at
least two weeks in advance of the construction of the roadbase.
9.6
9.6.1
Bituminous bound materials shall comply with BS 594 for asphalt, or BS 4987
for macadams.
9.6.2
The composition shall comply with Table 9.3 of this specification. Where gravel
coarse aggregate is used 2% of OPC shall be substituted for 2% of sand.
9.6.3
For wearing course mixtures the coarse aggregate shall be crushed rock only.
9.6.4
Pre-coated chippings, size 20mm, shall be applied to the wearing course of the
carriageway to the requirements of BS 594 and Table 9.3 of this Specification.
9.6.5
Carriageway channels shall be free of chippings over a width of 200mm.
9.6.6
Stone Mastic Asphalt or Dense Bitumen Macadam may be permitted on certain

developments. The use and specification of these materials shall be agreed
with this Authority before work commences.
65
TABLE 9.3
BITUMINOUS BOUND MATERIALS
T = table number C = column number B = binder
ROAD CATEGORY
S.S.R
Cl = clause
Minor A.R
Major A.R
L.D.R.
*Roadbase composition
T2, C 2/5
T2, C 2/5
T2, C 2/5
T2, C2/5
Roadbase composition, BS 4987
Cl. 5.2
Cl 5.2
Cl 5.2
Cl 5.2
*Roadbase binder BS 3690: Pt 1 1989 Pen-grade (HRA/macadam)
50/100
50/100
50/100
50/100
*Basecourse composition (in conjunction with lean concrete)
---
C 2/2
C 2/2
C 2/2
*Basecourse composition (in conjunction with bituminous bound base
---
C 2/2
C 2/2
C 2/2
*Basecourse and wearing course binder
---
T1, B3
T1, B3
T1, B3
*Wearing course composition
---
C 6/5
C 6/5
C 6/5
Coarse aggregate PSV minimum
---
---
45
45
PCC PSV minimum
---
55
55
60
PCC nominal size (mm)
---
20
20
20
AAV all coarse aggregate and chippings maximum
---
12
12
12
Texture depth (except for roundabouts ) sand patch
---
1.2mm
1.2mm
1.2mm
---
0.9mm
0.9mm
0.9mm
TRRL mini texture meter

All references in these lines refer to BS 594 Part 1 (except where stated)
66
9.7
Precast Concrete Block Paving
9.7.1
Block Paving shall be used as a surfacing material for Shared Surface Roads,
and laid in accordance with BS 7533 (part 3). Block paving may also be used
on Minor Access Roads.
9.7.2
Carriageway channels shall have a minimum grade of 1 in 80.
9.7.3
Covers within areas of block paving shall have a minimum clear depth of
100mm continuously around the edge of the casting.
9.7.4
Blocks shall measure 200mm x 100mm x 80mm and colour shall be red,
charcoal, buff, brindle type or natural. It is recommended that brindle type
are used.
9.7.5
Pavement construction shall comprise a sub-base and roadbase designed in

accordance with Table 9/1, a laying course of sharp sand 35mm thick when
compacted and a surface course of closely fitting blocks laid in an
interlocking pattern (normally herringbone and two stretcher courses for
drainage purposes) to be agreed by the Area Manager. It is recommended
that bitumen based joints be used around gully gratings and covers to
prevent scour.
9.7.6
Block paving shall be completed before the occupation of any dwelling on a

development. This may require paving to be completed early within a
construction programme, and care will be needed to ensure protection of
the finished surface.
67
68
10
Kerbing, Channels,
Footways, Crossings, Ramps
and Verges
10.1
Kerbing
10.2
Channels
10.3
Kerbing at
Crossings
10.4
Footways and Vehicular Crossings
10.5
Ramps
10.6
Adoptable Verges
Vehicular
and
Pedestrian
69
10
Kerbing, Channels, Footways, Tactile Paving,

Crossings, Ramps and Verges
10.1
Kerbing
10.1.1
Kerbs shall be hydraulically pressed granite aggregate to BS 7263 and laid

upright.
10.1.2
Hydraulically pressed small element textured kerbs and granite setts shall
only be laid in conjunction with concrete block paved carriageways.
10.1.3
Kerbs shall be butt jointed and laid in accordance with Drawing Nos.
10/101, 10/102 and 10/103 to the line and levels shown on the approved
drawings or to any revised line or level approved by the Area Manager.
10.1.4
Kerbs shall be laid with the top and front faces flush and within 3mm of
the design levels. Temporary kerbs do not give adequate control of line
and level and shall not be permitted.
10.1.5
The construction of Roadbase and surfacing shall not be permitted without

the kerbing having been laid first.
10.1.6
Purpose-made Radius Kerbs shall be used where any radius is 12m or less.
10.1.7
A kerb upstand of 125mm reducing to 25mm for vehicular accesses, and

flush for pedestrian/cycle crossings with tactile paving, shall be maintained
for:
a)
10.1.8
10.1.9
Local distributor Roads.
A kerb upstand of 100mm reducing to 25mm for vehicular accesses, shall

be maintained for:
a)
Major Access Roads
flush for pedestrian/cycle crossings

with tactile paving.
b)
Minor Access Roads
flush for pedestrian crossings with

tactile paving.
A kerb upstand of 25mm shall be maintained for:

a)
Shared Surface Roads.
No dropped kerbs required for

vehicular crossings.
10.2
Channels
10.2.1
Carriageway channels shall be formed free of chippings over a width of

200mm to a true and even gradient of not flatter than 1 in 125. On block
paved surfacing, the gradient shall be not flatter than 1 in 80.
10.2.2
Where a minimum fall of 1 in 125 cannot be achieved, precast concrete

channel blocks, 250mm x 125mm to BS 7263, shall be provided for
gradients between 1 in 125 and 1 in 200.
10.2.3
Gradients flatter than 1 in 200 will not be permitted.
70
10.3
Dropped Kerbing and Tactile Paving
10.3.1
Vehicular crossings shall have kerbs dropped to show a 25mm face as

Drawing No. 10/102 for at least the width of the access or for such lengths
as may be required, or specified on the approved drawing.
10.3.2
Purpose made taper kerbs shall be provided to make the transition from
125mm x 250mm half-batter kerbs to 125mm x 150mm bullnose kerbs
which shall be used to cross the access.
10.3.3
Where special vehicular crossings are specified or required by a condition

of planning consent such crossings shall be set out in accordance with the
requirements of the condition or as specified on an approved drawing.
10.3.4
Where pedestrian routes cross carriageways and side road junctions, tactile
paving shall be provided, generally in accordance with current advice and
practice. Provision of tactile paving shall be generally in accordance with
Standard Drg. No. 10/106. The fall across a pedestrian crossing shall not
exceed 1 in 12, except with the prior approval of the Highway Authority.
10.3.5
Where the spacing of adjoining vehicular crossings would result in less

than two kerbs of 100mm face between them, then these kerbs shall also
be 125mm x 150mm bullnose kerbs and the intervening footway
constructed to vehicular crossing standards.
10.3.6
Where excessive access falls may result, the concrete rear edging kerbs,
where agreed, may exceptionally also be lowered by up to 75mm to
maintain the crossfall of 1 in 36 towards the carriageway.
10.4
10.4.1
Footways, Vehicular Crossings and Cycleways

General
a)
Footways and vehicular crossings shall be constructed to Standard

Drawing No. 10/103.
1)
Footways adjoining carriageways shall be constructed as Type

A.
2)
Domestic Vehicular Crossings of footways shall be constructed

as Type B.
3)
Independent footpaths and cycleways shall be constructed as

Type B.
b)
Crossfalls shall be normally 1 in 36 increasing to 1 in 15 only at

Vehicular Crossings.
c)
Footways shall be constructed to the widths shown on the

construction drawings and shall have a minimum clear width of 1.5m
free of street furniture.
d)
Footway construction to base course level is to be attained prior to

the occupation of adjacent premises unless other conditions (e.g.
attached to a planning permission) dictate that the footway be
completed in its entirety.
e)
71
10.4.2
10.4.3
f)
All covers shall be set at base course level and only raised to finished
levels immediately prior to the wearing course being laid.
g)
All pipes, ducts, utilities apparatus, lighting columns and street

furniture shall be installed prior to the wearing course being laid.
Formation
a)
The formation shall be cleared of all topsoil and weedgrowth,

levelled, shaped and compacted to enable the full construction depth
to be achieved.
b)
Compaction shall be carried out with a twin drum Vibroll with a

mass/m width of 700-1300kg (e.g. Bomag 75 or equivalent).
Constricted areas shall be compacted with an approved vibrating
plate.
Sub-base
a)
Sub-base shall be Type 1 material complying with the requirements

of clause 9.3
b)
On clay subgrades defined as P.I. greater than 10% the depth of

sub-base shall be increased by 75mm and the extra material may be
Type 2 complying with the requirements of clause 9.4.
c)
Compaction of the sub-base shall comply with clause 10.4.2(b).
d)
A weed control fabric shall be placed over the sub-base. This to be a

thermally-bonded non-woven fabric, laid with an overlap and pinned
to the sub-base in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations.
Pore size to be sufficiently small to retard weed growth.
Weight to be in excess of 100 g /sq m
Tensile strength in excess of 7 kN / m
Elongation at peak strength, less than 40%
CBR puncture resistance in excess of 1000 N.
The type of material to be included on drawing.
10.4.4.
72
Surfacing
a)
Footways and vehicular crossing surfacing shall comply with the

relevant type (A or B) on Standard Drawing 10/103. Differences in
surface texture or colour may be specified for cycleways.
b)
Surfacing materials shall be compacted with a twin drum vibroll with

a mass/m width of 700-1300kg (e.g. Bomag 75 or equivalent), or a
smooth wheeled roller in the range of 2 to 2.5 tonnes dead weight.
Particular attention should be paid to compaction around cover, posts
etc.
c)
It shall be noted that concrete and paving slabs are not permitted
footway surfacing material on Estate Roads.
d)
10.4.5
Block pavers 65mm thick in footways or domestic accesses are

permissible but the blocks, together with the sand bed, shall be
substituted for the surfacing only. Block paving may be laid in
stretcher bond strictly in accordance with the relevant section of this
specification.
Footway edging kerbs
10.4.6
a)
Where a footway does not abut onto a kerb or boundary wall, an

edge restraint of 50mm x 150mm precast concrete edging kerb to BS
7263 shall be provided as Drawing No. 10/103. The footway
surfacing shall be finished flush with the top of the edging kerbs.
b)
When existing ground levels dictate, paving slab revetment shall be

carried out in accordance with Drawing No. 10/104.
Tolerance in surface levels of footway and vehicular crossing pavement

courses
Footway surface
Flush with top of kerbs
basecourse
- 5mm to + 5mm
roadbase (where specified)
- 10mm to + 10mm
sub-base
- 5mm to + 5mm
formation
- 20mm to 0
10.5
Ramps
10.5.1
A ramp shall be provided at the start of any Shared Surface Road.
10.5.2
A typical detail for a ramp for this type of road is shown on Drawing No.
10/105.
10.6
Highway verges and landscaped areas for adoption.
10.6.1
Landscaping and planting schemes may be required within the highway

verges of Local Distributor Roads and Shared Surface Roads and within
some visibility splays. Details of these shall be agreed with the Planning
Authority. Unless otherwise specified, species used shall be from the
Suffolk Design Guide, Appendix C.
10.6.2
Grassed areas of less than 5 square metres and/or of an irregular shape

should be avoided, with a minimum width of not less than 0.5m.
10.6.3
Verges, and visibility splays shall consist of a layer of top soil between 100
and 150mm in depth, free from weeds, coarse grass and stones, and
levelled and raked to a fine tilth.
10.6.4
Where adjoining private curtilages or other land not part of the highway for
adoption, the back edge of grassed and planted areas shall be marked by
150mm x 50mm edging kerbs set flush with the ground at a spacing of 3m,
or as agreed with the Area Manager.
73
10.6.5
Grass seed shall be to the specification in the following table.
Agrostis Castenillana Highland
10%
Festuca Rubra SSP Litoralis Dawson Lowgrow
15%
Festuca Rubra Pruinoas Merlin
15%
Festuca Rubra SSP Rubra Ruby or Boreal
25%
Festuca Iongifiolia Scandis or Tournament
20%
POA Pratensis Parade or POA compressa Reudens
15%
Total
100%
10.6.6
Grass seed shall be sown at the rate of 20 grams per square metre. Before
sowing commences, all weeds and coarse grass shall be eradicated by the
use of an approved herbicide, and a pre-seeding fertilizer shall be applied.
In the event of failure, sowing shall be repeated until a good growth is
obtained.
10.6.7
All grassed and planted areas shall be adequately maintained during the
maintenance period including replacement of failed planting, cutting and
any necessary treatment with herbicides and fertilizers.
10.6.8
Landscaped areas may be subject to maintenance periods in excess of the

normal 12 months.
74
75
76
11
Street Lighting and Signing
11.1
Street Lighting
11.2
Signing
77
11
Street Lighting and Signing
11.1
Street Lighting
11.1.1
Road lighting systems designed in accordance with the current edition of

BS 5489 will in general be required on most roads and footways serving
new development, and on existing roads and footways which are to be
improved and adopted.
Guidance on the category of lighting required can be found in Sections
6.1.1., 6.1.2 and 6.1.3 of the Suffolk Design Guide. The category to be
applied to a particular development shall be agreed with the Highway
Authority.
11.1.2
Roundabouts at both the entrance to and within any development are to

be lit in accordance with BS 5489 Part 2 and Part 4. The minimum value of
the lighting level on the roundabout will be equal to the average value on
the approach road with the highest defined lighting category.
11.1.3
Lighting systems designed to footway standard may be permitted on new

estates, subject to approval of the Highway Authority.
11.1.4
On small developments, within villages, the lighting level may be varied by

agreement with this Authority.
11.1.5
Within Conservation Areas, the lighting equipment will be specified by the

Authority. This is likely to include decorative lanterns. Early consultation
with this Authority is recommended.
11.1.6
In all other areas, conventional road lighting and sign equipment shall be
used. A schedule of approved equipment will be issued on request.
Please note that the list is regularly reviewed, and designers should ensure
they have the current version.
11.1.7
11.1.8
78
Electrical requirements:
a)
All electrical equipment will be fitted with a means of double-pole

isolation, in addition to the R.E.C. cutout.
b)
All street lighting columns will be controlled by fully electronic photoelectric cells (P.E.C.U.s) set with a 70 Lux switching level.
c)
P.E.C.U.s controlling street lighting shall have a 1 to 0.5 negative

switching ratio.
d)
All illuminated signs will be controlled by fully electronic photoelectric cells (P.E.C.U.s) set with a 100 Lux switching ratio.
e)
P.E.C.U.s controlling signs shall have a 1:1.5 positive switching ratio.
f)
All P.E.C.U.s shall have a 6 year guarantee from the manufacturer.
All road lights and signs (with the exception of illuminated bollards on
traffic islands) shall be supplied directly from the Regional Electricity
Company low voltage distribution mains. Only in exceptional circumstances
will a private cable network feeding the lighting columns be allowed and
only by agreement with this Authority.
11.1.9
Illuminated bollards on traffic islands shall be supplied by private cable

from an adjacent column, sign, or suitably positioned feeder pillar.
11.1.10
All details of street lighting equipment, layout and installation shall be

agreed with the Director before work commences.
11.1.11
All street lighting columns and feeder pillars to be located within the area
for adoption. Unless otherwise agreed with the Area Manager, columns
within the footway are to be located adjoining the rear edging.
11.2
Signing
11.2.1
Supporting posts for signs shall be in tubular or rectangular rolled hollow

section steel (hot dip galvanized and plastic coated) or aluminium, to BS
873, BS 4 and BS 4848 unless otherwise agreed with the Area Manager.
11.2.2
All posts shall be supplied with matching caps and base plates where
appropriate, and base plates shall have a minimum area of 0.05 square
metres. The dimensions of the posts shall be specified.
11.2.3
The mounting height for signs within the footway shall be 2.1 metres, and
2.4 metres within any cycleway, unless otherwise agreed with the Area
Manager.
79
12
80
Completion of Works
81
12
Completion of Works
12.1
Prior to laying of wearing course materials all damaged and/or displaced

kerbs and covers and frames shall be replaced and/or realigned.
12.2
Prior to the issue of the Part 2 certificate, the following remedial works
shall be completed:
a)
Edge up footways
b)
Clean out outfall ditches
c)
Cut grassed areas
d)
Empty gullies, catchpits and soakaways
e)
Sweep footways and carriageways
f)
Bandseal any cracks and reinstatements
g)
Clean lighting installation
h)
Any other remedial works required by the Area Manager.
12.3
Any other items incidental to the works shall be complete (i.e. barriers,
street lighting, boundary markers, road signs, road markings).
12.4
During the Maintenance Period the works shall be maintained in a safe and
neat condition with particular attention being paid to grass cutting, gully
emptying, sweeping and weed-killing.
12.5
On completion of the Maintenance Period and prior to Adoption the

following works shall be completed:
82
a)
Items 12.2 (a) to 12.2 (h) as above.
b)
The highway drainage system shall be pressure cleaned to the outfall

or to the previously adopted drainage system by a suitably equipped
Contractor who shall submit a report, which either certifies the
drainage as satisfactory or lists any defects, for the Area Managers
attention. Further inspection by means of Closed Circuit Television
(CCTV) may be ordered by the Area Manager.
c)
All weed growth shall be removed, the supporting soil weedkilled and
the area permanently reinstated to the Managers satisfaction.
d)
The covers on all gullies, catchpits and soakaways shall be lifted for
inspection by the Area Manager.
e)
All damaged covers shall be replaced and all displaced covers shall be
reset to the correct levels with respect to the surrounding surfacing.
f)
All damaged and/or displaced kerbs shall be replaced and/or realigned. Minor repairs in epoxy mortar may be allowed at the Area
Managers discretion.
g)
Footway defects and reinstatements resulting from kerb

replacements or any other factors shall be made good and any
reinstatements shall extend for the full width of the footway.
Extensive footway reinstatements shall be combined into one patch
at Area Managers discretion.
h)
Block paving shall be checked for ponding, loose blocks, undersized

blocks and open joints and the areas made good as necessary.
i)
A Certificate of the Road Lighting installation shall be obtained from

the Road Lighting Engineer.
j)
Any items unique to the site (e.g. retaining wall calculations) shall,
when required, be certified as acceptable by the Director.
83
13
Drawings
5/101B
Pedestrian Guardrails and Staggered

Barriers
7/101B
Surface Water Drains Trench &

Bedding Details
7/102B
Filter Drains - Trench & Bedding

Details
7/103B
Catchpits
7/104B
Soakaway
7/105B
Gullies
7/106B
Service Ducts
7/107
Access to chambers
10/101B
Kerb Types
10/102B
Domestic Vehicular Access
10/103B
Footway Construction and Edging
10/104B
Paving Slab Revetment
10/105B
Ramp Detail for Shared Surface Road
10/106B
Pedestrian Crossing Detail
Map of Suffolk showing areas and contacts
84

SuffolkCC Estate Road Spec May2007

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Suffolk County Council

Environment and Transport

Environment and Transport

Definition and Interpretation

Terms and Abbreviations

Thickness of Material & Tolerances

Site Investigation and Construction Design

Goods, Materials, Sampling and Testing

Notices for Inspections

Dealing with Water

Protection of work from Weather,

Works on Public Highways

Damage and Danger to Highways

New Roads and Street Works Act 1991

FENCING AND BARRIERS

Filling of Existing Watercourses

Clearing Existing Ditches

DRAINAGE AND SERVICE DUCTS

Bedding and Jointing

Concrete Bed and Surround

Filter Drains and Subsoil Drains

Bedding and Backfilling of Filter and Subsoil Drains

Connections to Existing Sewers and Drains

Manholes and Catchpits

Gullies and Connections

Acceptance and Adoption

Horizontal and Vertical Alignment

Junctions between Development Roads and County

Use of Surfaces by Construction Traffic

Construction Requirements for Materials for Sub-base

Testing Unbound, Cement Bound and Bituminous Bound

Thickness of Pavement Courses

Granular Sub-base Type 1

Granular Sub-base Type 2

Concrete Roadbase Materials

Bituminous Bound Materials

Pre-cast Concrete Block Paving

KERBING, CHANNELS, FOOTWAYS,

Kerbing at Vehicular and Pedestrian Crossings

Footways and Vehicular Crossings

Pedestrian Guardrails and Barriers for Footpaths

Surface Water Drains Drains & Beddings Details

Filter Drains Trench & Bedding Details

Domestic Vehicular & Pedestrian crossings

Footway Edges and Crossings

Paving Slab Revetment

Ramp Detail for Shared Surface Road

Pedestrian Crossing Detail

MAP OF SUFFOLK showing areas and contacts

Definition and Interpretation

Terms and Abbreviations

Thickness of Materials & Tolerances

This document specifies standards of materials and workmanship which

It shall be noted that, if surface water drainage systems also accept

Definition and Interpretation

Director means the Director of Environment and Transport, Suffolk

Area Manager means the Directors representative, to whom

Directors Representative means a person appointed from time to

Where an Agency Agreement exists with Suffolk County Council the