Ch.

2
1. A relationship that shows the quantity of goods that consumers are willing to buy at
different prices is the
A) elasticity
B) market demand curve
C) market supply curve
D) market equilibrium

2. The law of demand states :

A) that price and quantity demanded are inversely related.
B) that price and quantity demanded are inversely related, holding all other factors that
influence demand fixed.
C) that demand for a good comes from the desire of buyers to directly consume the
good itself.
D) an increase in demand results in an increase in price.

3. Which of the following statements best illustrates the law of demand?

A) When the price of pepperoni rises, the demand for pizza falls.
B) When the weather gets hotter, the quantity demanded of ice cream rises.
C) When the price of lemons falls, the demand for lemonade rises.
D) When the price of eggs rises, the quantity demanded of eggs falls.

4. Which of the following is not typically a factor held constant when deriving a demand
curve for clothing?
A) consumer income.
B) the price of clothing.
C) the price of other goods.
D) consumer tastes.

5. What is the difference between a derived demand curve and a direct demand curve?
A) Derived demand is unknown, whereas direct demand is known.
B) Derived demand is unobservable, whereas direct demand is observable.
C) Derived demand is demand determined by the demand for another good, whereas
direct demand is demand for a good itself.
D) Derived and direct demand are both terms referring to the same thing.

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6. What is the quantity of televisions demanded per year when the average price of a
television is $100 per unit and the demand curve for televisions is represented by Qd =
3.5million 5000P?
A) 2.5 million televisions
B) 3.0 million televisions
C) 3.2 million televisions
D) 4.0 million televisions

9. Which of the following statements best illustrates the law of supply?

A) When the price of oil rises, the supply of automobiles falls.
B) When the price of steel falls, the supply of automobiles rises.
C) When the price of computers rises, the quantity supplied of computers rises.
D) When the price of televisions rises, the quantity supplied of televisions falls.

10. A curve that shows us the total quantity of goods that their suppliers are willing to sell at
different prices is
A) Market supply curve
B) Law of supply
C) Demand curve
D) Market demand curve

11. Which of the following is not a factor held constant when deriving a supply curve for
ski boots?
A) The price of ski lift tickets.
B) The price of ski boots.
C) The wages of workers who make ski boots.
D) The price of skis.
12. Suppose in a market with Qd = 100 - 5P and Qs = 5P, the government imposes a price
floor of $15. If the government is required to purchase any excess supply at the price
floor, how much will the government have to pay to purchase the excess in this market?
A) Nothing; there is no surplus
B) $1,000
C) $1,500
D) $750

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13. Suppose that the supply of apples can be represented by the following equation: Qs = 2P
+ 500. Further suppose that the demand for apples can be represented by the following
equation: Qd = 900 3P. Which of the following is the equilibrium price in the market
for apples?
A) 10
B) 50
C) 80
D) 100
14. Suppose demand is given by Qd = 500 15P and supply is given by Qs = 5P. If the
government imposes a $15 price ceiling the excess demand will be
A) 200
B) 225
C) 250
D) 275
15. Suppose demand is given by Qd = 400 15P+ I, where Qd is quantity demanded, P is
price and I is income. Supply is given by Qs = 5P, where Qs is quantity supplied. When
I = 200, equilibrium quantity is
A) 15
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30
16. Suppose demand is given by Qd = 500 15P and supply is given by Qs = 5P. If the
government imposes a $30 price floor the excess supply will be
A) 25
B) 50
C) 100
D) 150
17. Suppose demand is given by Qd = 400 15P + I, where Qd is quantity demanded, P is
price and I is income. Supply is given by Qs = 5P, where Qs is quantity supplied. When
I = 100, equilibrium quantity is
A) 15
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30

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18. Which of the following would cause an unambiguous decrease in the equilibrium
quantity in a market?
A) a rightward shift in supply and a rightward shift in demand.
B) a rightward shift in supply and a leftward shift in demand.
C) a leftward shift in supply and a rightward shift in demand.
D) a leftward shift in supply and a leftward shift in demand.

19. Suppose that the market for computers is initially in equilibrium. Further suppose that
there is an increase in the price of computer software. Which of the following
accurately describes the new equilibrium in the computer market?
A) The equilibrium price will rise; the equilibrium quantity will fall.
B) The equilibrium price will rise; the equilibrium quantity will rise.
C) The equilibrium price will fall; the equilibrium quantity will fall.
D) The equilibrium price will fall; the equilibrium quantity will rise.

20. Suppose that the market for soybeans is initially in equilibrium. Further suppose that
there is a decrease in the price of fertilizer. Which of the following accurately describes
the new equilibrium?
A) The equilibrium price will rise; the equilibrium quantity will fall.
B) The equilibrium price will rise; the equilibrium quantity will rise.
C) The equilibrium price will fall; the equilibrium quantity will fall.
D) The equilibrium price will fall; the equilibrium quantity will rise.

21. Suppose that the market for newspaper is initially in equilibrium. Further suppose that
there is both an increase in the price of ink and a decrease in the price of magazines,
which people may read in place of a newspaper. Which of the following accurately
describes the new equilibrium?
A) The equilibrium price will rise; the equilibrium quantity is ambiguous.
B) The equilibrium price is ambiguous; the equilibrium quantity will fall.
C) The equilibrium price will fall; the equilibrium quantity is ambiguous.
D) The equilibrium price is ambiguous; the equilibrium quantity will rise.

22. A higher consumer income increases the demand for a particular good. The effect of this
income on market demand usually is illustrated by
A) a rightward shift in the demand curve
B) a leftward shift in the demand curve
C) a rightward movement along the demand curve
D) a leftward movement along the demand curve.

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23. Consider the demand curve Qd = 1000 20P 6r. If the value of r falls, the demand
curve will
A) shift to the left
B) shift to the right
C) remain unchanged
D) rotate along the quantity axis

24. Which of the following would cause an unambiguous increase in the equilibrium price
in a market?
A) a rightward shift in supply and a rightward shift in demand.
B) a rightward shift in supply and a leftward shift in demand.
C) a leftward shift in supply and a rightward shift in demand.
D) a leftward shift in supply and a leftward shift in demand.

25. A simultaneous shift to the right of both supply and demand will
A) increase the equilibrium price
B) decrease the equilibrium price
C) increase the equilibrium quantity
D) decrease the equilibrium quantity

26. Which of the following is False?

A) Rightward shift in demand + unchanged supply curve = higher equilibrium price
and larger equilibrium quantity
B) Rightward shift in demand + Rightward shift in supply curve = lower equilibrium
price and smaller equilibrium quantity
C) Leftward shift in supply + unchanged demand curve = higher equilibrium price and
smaller equilibrium quantity
D) Leftward shift in demand + unchanged supply curve = lower equilibrium price and
smaller equilibrium quantity
E) Rightward shift in supply + unchanged demand curve = lower equilibrium price and
larger equilibrium quantity

27. A measure of the rate of percentage change of quantity demanded with respect to price,
holding all other determinants of demand constant is
A) Price elasticity of market equilibrium
B) Price elasticity of demand
C) Price elasticity of supply
D) Price elasticity equilibrium

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28. Price elasticity of demand measures

A) the shift in demand as price changes.
B) the sensitivity of quantity demanded to price.
C) the slope of the demand curve.
D) the relationship of percentages to price.

29. Suppose that when the price of a good is $15, the quantity demanded is 40 units, and
when the price falls to $6, the quantity increases to 60 units. The price elasticity of
demand near a price of $6 and a quantity of 60 can be calculated as:
A) 5/6
B) 2
C) -2/9
D) 9/2
30. Suppose that demand is linear, Qd = 100 12P. At P = 5 and Q = 40, price elasticity of
demand is:
A) -2/3
B) 2
C) -12
D) 3/2
32. Suppose we postulate a linear demand curve Qd = a bP and observe, through supply
shifts, two points on the demand curve. At point A, PA = 2 and QdA = 6. At point B, PB
= 4 and QdB = 2. The choke price for this demand curve is
A) 10
B) 2
C) 5
D) -2
33. Suppose demand is given by Qd = 1000 25P and supply is given by Qs = 75P. At the
equilibrium price and quantity, the price elasticity of demand is
A) 3
B) 25
C) 1/3
D) 10

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36. Identify the truthfulness of the following statements:

I. The price elasticity of demand must be negative if demand slopes downward.
II. One special case of a linear demand curve is a constant elasticity demand curve.
A) Both I and II are true.
B) Both I and II are false.
C) I is false; II is true.
D) I is true; II is false.

40. If demand is elastic, an increase in price

A) will increase total revenue
B) will decrease total revenue
C) will have an indeterminate effect on total revenue
D) will decrease total profit

41. Of the following choices, which good should have the most inelastic price elasticity of
demand?
A) Gasoline to a car owner.
B) Cigarettes to a smoker.
C) Insulin to an insulin-dependent diabetic.
D) Apples to a vegetarian.
42. The price elasticity of demand for Purina brand cat food is likely to be __________ the
price elasticity of demand for all cat food.
A) more elastic than
B) less elastic than
C) the same as
D) less negative than

43. Identify the truthfulness of the following statements.

I. Demand tends to be more price inelastic when few substitutes for a product exist.
II. Demand tends to be more price elastic when a consumer's expenditure on the
product is small.
A) Both I and II are true.
B) Both I and II are false.
C) I is true; II is false.
D) I is false; II is true.

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44. Which of the following statements is false?

A) Demand often is both inelastic at market level and highly elastic at the brand level.
B) Demand often is both highly elastic at the market level and inelastic at the brand
level.
C) The distinction between market-level and brand-level elasticity reflects the impact
of the availability of substitutes.
D) Brand-level elasticity of demand is more negative than industry-level price
elasticity of demand.

45. An income elasticity of demand for milk of 0.1 could mean that
A) as income rises by 10 percent, quantity demanded rises by 1 percent.
B) as income rises by 100 percent, quantity demanded rises by 1 percent.
C) as income rises by 20 percent, quantity demanded rises by 10 percent.
D) as income rises by 50 percent, quantity demanded rises by 25 percent.

46. Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to

changes in
A) price.
B) income.
C) demand substitutes.
D) demand complements.

47. A cross price elasticity of demand for product A with respect to the price of product B of
0.3 means that
A) an increase in the price of A by 10 percent gives rise to an increase in quantity
demanded of B by 3 percent.
B) an increase in the price of B by 10 percent gives rise to an increase in the quantity
demanded of A by 3 percent.
C) an increase in the price of B by 10 percent gives rise to a decrease in the quantity
demanded of A by 3 percent.
D) an increase in the price of A by 10 percent gives rise to a decrease in the quantity
demanded of B by 3 percent.

48. Suppose the cross-price elasticity for two goods is negative. The two goods are
A) normal goods
B) substitutes
C) complements
D) inferior goods

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49. Which of the following statements is true?

A) The price elasticity of demand is positive when there is an inverse relationship
between price and quantity demanded.
B) A positive income elasticity indicates that demand for a good rises as consumer
income falls.
C) A positive cross-price elasticity for two goods A and B would arise if A and B were
demand complements.
D) A negative cross-price elasticity for two goods A and B would arise if A and B were
demand complements.

50. Suppose the cross-price elasticity for two goods is positive. The two goods are
A) normal goods
B) substitutes
C) complements
D) inferior goods

51. Suppose that when the price of good A is $5, the quantity demanded of good B is 30
units, and when the price of good A increases to $10, the quantity demanded of good B
decreases to 15 units. From this we can conclude that:
A) The cross price elasticity of demand of good B with respect to the price of good A
is 0.5
B) The goods are substitutes
C) The cross price elasticity of demand of good B with respect to the price of good B is
negative
D) The goods are complements because the cross price elasticity is -0.5

52. Why are long-run demand curves likely to be more elastic than short-run demand
curves?
A) Prices tend to rise in the long-run.
B) Prices tend to be stable in the long-run.
C) Consumers have more time to adjust their purchase decisions in response to a
change in price.
D) Supply tends to adjust in the long run.

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53. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between short-run
supply elasticity and long-run supply elasticity?
A) For many products, long-run supply is likely to be more price elastic than short-run
supply.
B) For products that can be recycled, long-run supply is likely to be more price elastic
than short-run supply.
C) For many products, long-run supply is likely to be less price elastic than short-run
supply.
D) Both a) and b) are generally true, but c) is generally false.

54. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between short-run
demand elasticity and long-run demand elasticity?
A) For many products, long-run demand is likely to be more price elastic than shortrun demand.
B) For durable goods, long-run demand is likely to be more price elastic than short-run
demand.
C) For many products, long-run demand is likely to be more price inelastic than shortrun demand.
D) For most products, long-run and short-run demand elasticities are the same.

55. Which of the following explanations supports the statement that long-run supply curves
are likely to be more elastic than short-run supply curves?
A) Firms are able to adjust fixed inputs in the long-run but not in the short-run.
B) Firms are able to adjust variable inputs in the short-run.
C) Firms prefer to hire workers rather than capital.
D) Firms have more flexibility in the short-run.

Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

B
B
D
B
C
B

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

C
A
D
D
C
A
D
C

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17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

C
D
C
D
B
A
B
C
C
B
B
B
C
D

32. A
33. C
36. D
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

B
C
A
C
B
A
B
B
C
D
B
B
C
A
A
A

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