This document provides an answer key for a unit on leadership theories. It includes summaries and explanations of trait theory, behavioral theory, and situational theory. It also provides exercises and answers for previewing content, building reading skills like determining text structure, building listening skills like note-taking, and building speaking skills like discussing management styles.
This document provides an answer key for a unit on leadership theories. It includes summaries and explanations of trait theory, behavioral theory, and situational theory. It also provides exercises and answers for previewing content, building reading skills like determining text structure, building listening skills like note-taking, and building speaking skills like discussing management styles.
This document provides an answer key for a unit on leadership theories. It includes summaries and explanations of trait theory, behavioral theory, and situational theory. It also provides exercises and answers for previewing content, building reading skills like determining text structure, building listening skills like note-taking, and building speaking skills like discussing management styles.
This document provides an answer key for a unit on leadership theories. It includes summaries and explanations of trait theory, behavioral theory, and situational theory. It also provides exercises and answers for previewing content, building reading skills like determining text structure, building listening skills like note-taking, and building speaking skills like discussing management styles.
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UNIT 2 ANSWER KEY
1 PREVIEW Previewing the Academic Content Exercise 1, page 24 Ranking of characteristics will vary. Exercise 3, page 25 1. c. faltering assets 2. f. sound business judgment 3. d. offloading 4. e. a rising star 5. a. delivery against targets 6. b. extracting value
Previewing the Academic Skills Focus
Exercise 1, page 26 A. Description text B. Problem-solution text C. Compare and/or contrast text D. Definition text E. Process text F. Advantages-disadvantages text G. Cause-effect text Question, page 28 (top) The organizational pattern of the text about Linda Cook is descriptive. There is lots of description of her personality and characteristics in the text Exercise 2, pages 2829 1. The author is trying to show the reader why the company was failing (the problem), and what the company did to solve the problem (solution). This is a problem-solution text. 2. The first two paragraphs look like a short cause-effect text. 3. Paragraph 1: situation Paragraph 2: problem Paragraph 3: solution Paragraph 4: results 4. Answers will vary. Students might mention these characteristics: Motivational: He convinced his employees to focus on customer service Directive: He told employees what they must do Ruthless: He told employees the results of their poor customer service Communicative: He communicated his vision to his employees and customers. He asked for their opinions Team builder + intelligent + organized, etc.
2 BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS
Global Reading Exercise 1, page 31 Paragraphs 1 and 2: cause-effect organization Paragraph 3: definition organization Paragraph 4, 5, and 6: Advantages-disadvantages organization. This section finishes with a lead-in to the next topic. Exercise 2, page 33 Paragraphs 1 and 2 What caused the interest in trait theory?
People have always
been fascinated by leaders
World War I created a
demand for military leaders
Paragraph 3
Exercise 3, page 34 1. Leaders have a distinct set of traits.
What was the effect of this
interest? Militaries began searching for traits to identify leaders
Researchers began searching for leadership traits in many diverse populations, e.g. schoolchildren, business leaders, etc
2. Researchers began to study leadership traits in order to identify potential
successful military leaders. It was important to be able to do this during World War I. 3. A trait is a personal characteristic of an individual, including physical characteristics, intellectual ability, and personality. Some traits are associated with leadership, some are not. 4. Traits associated with successful leaders include: emotional intelligence, high energy, stable personality, agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience, etc. 5. Students should check: trait theory doesnt explain which comes first, the leadership traits, or the leadership position trait theory doesnt explain how leaders behave or what they do trait theory doesnt explain how leaders behave in different situations
Focused Reading Exercise, pages 3536 1. such as 2. While 3. Thus 4. However 5. although 6. In addition 7. As a result 8. In summary
3 BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS
Before You Listen Exercise 1, page 37 Leaders Behavior 1. assigning an employee a task to complete
Considerati on Behaviors
Initiation Behaviors
2. celebrating the birthdays of employees
3. complimenting an employee who has performed well 4. setting short-term productivity goals for a team 5. calculating the number of unhappy customers to show employees where customer service needs to improve
6. giving a lunch for employees and their
families 7. spending a few minutes each day to find out how employees are doing
8. setting long-term goals for company
productivity 9. asking employees for their opinions before 10. making a controversial decision without asking employees for their opinion
Global Listening Exercise 1, page 39 Introduction: 1. Review of trait theory 2. Weakness of trait theory Body: 3. Introduction to behavioral theory 4. Research on behavioral theory 5. Two main orientations of behavioral theory: consideration and initiation behaviorsdefinitions 6. An example of consideration versus initiation behavior 7. Weakness of behavioral theory 8. Research on the influence of work situations 9. Work situations and their impact on leadership behavior Conclusion: 10. Homework: to read about situational theories of leadership
Exercise 3, page 40 1. The two orientations of the behavioral theory of leadership are consideration behaviors and initiation behaviors. An example of consideration behavior is thanking an employee who has done good work. An example of initiation behavior is assigning an employee work to be done. 2. It didnt take into account the influence of the situation on how effective a leaders behavior might be. 3. Characteristics of Work Characteristics of Work Situations Situations that Create Stress that Dont Create Stress Tight deadlines Long lead time Inexperienced employees Experienced employees Unclear task Clearly defined task Most efective leader behavior Most efective leader behavior for for these situations: these situations: Initiation behavior
Consideration behavior
Focused Listening Exercise 1, page 41 To Introduce To Add a Points, Point Examples, Reasons First, second next in addition finally for furthermo example re such as moreover
To Show a Result
To Show a Contrast so whil e as a result althoug therefore consequent h even thoug ly thus h wherea s howeve r but on the
Exercise 2, pages 4142
Words Showing Content Relationships among Ideas To start, Review of trait theory While
Consequently, Let me give you definitions of I have a real life example As a result, As it turned out,
Trait theory was useful to
describe leaders, but which came first, the traits or the leader? Behavioral theory
To Show a Similarity similarly likewise
To Conclude in conclusion in summary in closing
Pattern of Organization Stage one: situation Stage two: problem
Stage three: solution Consideration and initiation Short definition behaviors text Example of David Pottruck Stage one: situation Employees didnt like working Stage two: with problem Pottruck Pottruck changed his leadership Stage three: style solution
Now
But
Therefore So, in conclusion
Employees began to like
working with Pottruck and now cooperate with him Behavior theory weaknessthe situation often affects the behavior of the leader Researchers began to consider the impact of the work situation so Work situation is important, leaders should consider it, too
Stage four: results Stage two: problem Stage three: solution Stage four: not revealed
4 BUILDING ACADEMIC SPEAKING SKILLS
Before You Speak Exercise 1, page 42 Students are likely to predict that this will be a compare / contrast organizational pattern. Exercise 2, pages 4243 Management Style Details Autocratic Managers give orders and are obeyed e.g. military leaders Good style of management for fast decision making in wartime or in Democratic business Managers ask subordinates for input / feedback on decisionsthen make the final decision e.g. employees may help interview a new employee and express opinions the new employee, but theand Free-reign about Managers advise subordinates, subordinates are allowed to make their own decisions Useful style of management when managing volunteers
Trait Theory Vocabulary
List as many leadership traits as you can: charismatic, directive, ruthless, sensitive, communicative, cunning, team builder, intelligent, organized, self-monitoring, persevering, etc. List synonyms for trait: characteristic; quality Write expressions that mean: a. to change the fortune of a companyorchestrate a turnaround b. a company that is not doing wellan ailing company c. a company that is well-knowna prominent firm
Foc use d Spe aki ng Exer cise 1, page 43
Behavioral Theory Vocabulary
List the two behavioral orientations covered in the lecture: initiation behavior consideration behavior
Management Style Vocabulary
Write the management style that is reflected in these decisions: a. An industry leader asks for opinions about product pricing and then sets a price: democratic b. An industry leader gives his employees total control over a new project: free- reign c. An industry leader tells her employees to write a report by tomorrow morning: autocratic Write synonyms for employees: subordinates, workers
Integrated Speaking Task
Exercise 1, page 44 1. Advantages of Translate IT Lots of business Skilled employees Employees who are willing to work hard Employees who can work independently
2. Challenges of Translate IT Inexperienced employees Rapid growth with no internal structure Negative atmospherea few good employees have left the company Managers who dont have time to lead their employees 3. Answers will vary. 4. Consideration behavior would be best because the employees feel that the managers dont have enough time for them, dont treat them equitably, and dont listen to their ideas. 5. Previously a free-reign style, now you need a democratic style 6. Answers will vary. Possible answers might include: Ask for employees opinions Listen to their answers Recognize hard work Provide incentives Set up a structured organization Spend more time with employees
