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    Imaging of The Hand

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    DanniLi
    X-rays are used to produce radiographs of internal body structures. Denser tissues absorb more X-rays and appear whiter on radiographs, allowing X-rays to show differences between tissues like bone and soft tissue. X-rays are useful for diagnosing fractures, tumors, arthritis and other conditions of the hand. They can show bone injuries and track the progression of diseases over time. However, X-rays only provide a 2D image so some injuries may be difficult to see. Follow up X-rays are often needed to ensure proper healing of hand fractures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Imaging of The Hand

    Uploaded by

    DanniLi
    84 views2 pages
    X-rays are used to produce radiographs of internal body structures. Denser tissues absorb more X-rays and appear whiter on radiographs, allowing X-rays to show differences between tissues like bone and soft tissue. X-rays are useful for diagnosing fractures, tumors, arthritis and other conditions of the hand. They can show bone injuries and track the progression of diseases over time. However, X-rays only provide a 2D image so some injuries may be difficult to see. Follow up X-rays are often needed to ensure proper healing of hand fractures.

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    Imaging of the Hand

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    X-rays are used to produce radiographs of internal body structures. Denser tissues absorb more X-rays and appear whiter on radiographs, allowing X-rays to show differences between tissues like bone and soft tissue. X-rays are useful for diagnosing fractures, tumors, arthritis and other conditions of the hand. They can show bone injuries and track the progression of diseases over time. However, X-rays only provide a 2D image so some injuries may be difficult to see. Follow up X-rays are often needed to ensure proper healing of hand fractures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views2 pages

    Imaging of The Hand

    Uploaded by

    DanniLi
    X-rays are used to produce radiographs of internal body structures. Denser tissues absorb more X-rays and appear whiter on radiographs, allowing X-rays to show differences between tissues like bone and soft tissue. X-rays are useful for diagnosing fractures, tumors, arthritis and other conditions of the hand. They can show bone injuries and track the progression of diseases over time. However, X-rays only provide a 2D image so some injuries may be difficult to see. Follow up X-rays are often needed to ensure proper healing of hand fractures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Introduc)on

    to X rays

    When X rays are passed through a body area
    onto a detector, an image called a radiograph is
    produced, as dierent 8ssues absorb/ transmit
    the X rays to dierent extents.
    The denser the area, the whiter it appears on
    radiographs as more X rays are absorbed.
    Therefore, bone appears whiter than the
    surrounding so@ 8ssue.

    Benets and drawbacks of X-rays

    J Diagnoses fractures, tumours, arthri8s, and
    disloca8ons
    J Cheap
    J Low radia8on
    J Good bone to so@ 8ssue contrast
    L Poor so@ 8ssue contrast, and so can be
    dicult to determine so@ 8ssue damage
    L 2D image of 3D structure, so can be dicult
    to interpret (see [5])

    [5]: PA view of thumb
    metacarpal base
    fracture is easily
    overlooked as another
    bone is superimposed
    over the fragmented
    bone. Fracture much
    clearer in oblique X ray.

    By Danning Li Student ID: 13000215

    [5]

    The radial and ulna ends


    come together to form
    the carpus at the base of
    the hand

    Anatomy of the Hand



    The bones comprising the nger
    are numbered 1 to 5, with the
    thumb being 1 and the liPle
    nger 5.
    Each nger is composed of
    three bones: the proximal (PP),
    middle (MP) and distal
    phalanges (DP). These are
    separated by the joints:
    metacarpophalangeal (MCPJ) ,
    proximal interphalangeal
    (PIPJ)and distal interphalangeal
    (DIPJ) joints respec8vely. The
    hand and wrist bones allow a
    high degree of movement,
    enabling us to carry out
    complex ac8vi8es.
    For instance: PIPJ and DIPJ are
    hinge joints, allowing exion
    and extension
    MCPJ allows circumduc8on,
    abduc8on, adduc8on, exion
    and extension

    Metacarpal bones are the
    largest in the hand and form
    the palm

    Wrist bones join onto
    metacarpal bones

    Clinical Applica)ons
    The hand is prone to high impact collisions e.g. hand is used to break a fall, which can lead to fractures and disloca8ons. X rays
    can be used to diagnose the extent of these injuries, and are also useful in char8ng the progression of diseases and injuries.

    Above: Dislocated 4th middle


    phalanx at the PIPJ with so@ 8ssue
    swelling (note how the grey area
    surrounding the 4th PIPJ is
    signicantly larger than the other
    ngers). Disloca8ons are generally
    quite evident clinically, but X rays
    are used to check for underlying
    bone injuries.

    Above: rheumatoid arthri8s. X rays


    (alongside other medical tests such as
    blood tests) can be used to determine
    the type of arthri8s in the hand, and
    several X rays spaced over a period of
    8me can track the progression of
    rheumatoid arthri8s in the joints of
    the hand.
    This X ray shows the disorganiza8on
    and erosion of the MCPJ typical of
    rheumatoid arthri8s

    Hand fractures are


    par8cularly prone to
    displacement due to
    tendons pulling on
    them. Therefore hand
    fractures generally
    require a follow up X
    ray to ascertain
    correct healing and
    alignment.
    Top le@: fracture of
    middle phalanx
    shortly a@er injury
    occurred
    BoPom le@: further
    displacement of the
    bone a week a@er
    injury due to forces
    ac8ng on the bone.

    Sources
    1.
    hPp://mrmackenzie.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Hand.jpg
    2.
    hPp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_JAR7UvJP0gc/TO_Zc-W5ySI/AAAAAAAABkA/0uI5YL2GP-4/s1600/spi-dislocate%2Bnger%2Bxray.jpg
    3.
    hPp://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2012/april/hands,-ngers,-thumbs/
    4.
    hPp://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthri8s/ss/slideshow-ra-overview
    5.
    hPp://radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/musculoskeletal/x-ray_trauma_upper_limb/hand_nger_trauma_x-ray.html

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