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IMPORTANT INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENTS & YEARS
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Government of India Act 1858
Indian National Congress (1885)
Partition of Bengal (1905)
Muslim League (1906)
Swadeshi Movement (1905)
Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)
Lucknow Pact (1916)
Home Rule Movement (1916-1920)
The Gandhian Era (1917-1947)
Khilafat Movement (1920)
The Rowlatt Act (1919)
Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre (1919)
Non-CooperationMovement (1920)
Chauri Chaura Incident (1922)
Swaraj Party (1923)
Simon Commission (1927)
Dandi March (1930)
Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
The Government of India Act, 1935 Quit India Movement (1942)
Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
Interim Government (1946)
Formation of Constituent Assembly (1946)
Mountbatten Plan (1947)
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The Indian Independence Act, 1947
Partition of India (1947)

Social & Religious Reform Movement

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1.Atmiya Sabha(1815) Rammohan Roy--Kolkata.

2)Bramho Sabha(1828)--Rammohan Roy--Kolkata.

3)Dharma Sabha(1830)--Radhakanta Dev--Kolkata.

4)Tatwabodhini Sabha(1839)--Debendranath Tagore--Kolkata.

5)Nirankarish Sabha(1840)--Dayal Das,Ratan Singh--Punjab.

6)Manab Dharma Sabha(1844)--Durgaram Mancharam--Surat.

7)Paramhanso Mandalli(1849)--Dadoba Pandurang & Bal Shastri Jambhekar-Bombay.

8)Namdharis Sabha(1857)--Ram Singh--Punjab.

9)Bharatya Brambha Samaj(1866)--Keshav Chandra Sen--Kolkata.

10)Parthana Samaj(1867)--Atmaram Pandurang--Bombay.

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11)Arya Samaj(1875)--Dayanand Swarasatti--Mumbai.

12)Adhyatik Gayan Sabha(Theosofical society)--1875--Blavataski,Cornel H.S.Olkot-Newyork.

13) Harijan Sevak Sangha (1932)--Mahtma Gandhi--Pune.

14)Sadharan Bramho Samaj(1878)--Shivnath Shastri & Ananda Mohan Bose-Kolkata.

15)Decan Education Society(1884)--G.G.Agarkar,M.G.Ranade Pune.

16)Dev Samaj(1887)--Shiv Narayan Agnihotri--Lahore.

17)Ramkrishna Mission(1897)--Swami Vivekanada--Belur.

18)Servents of India Society(1905)G.K.Gokhle--Bombay.

19)Puna Seva Sadan(1909)--Smt.Ramabai Ranadey & G.K.Devadhar.--Pune.

20)Social Service legue(1911)--N.M.Joshi& Narayan Malhar--Bombay.

21)Seva Samiti(1914)--H.N.Kunjoru--Allahabad.

22)Scientific Socity(1864)--Sayed Ahamed Khan.

23)Hindu Mahasabha(1915)--Madan Mahan Malabya.

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24)Naba. bidhan Bramho Samaj(1880)--Keshev Chandra sen

Kolkata.

25)Bahiskriti Hitokarini Sabha(1929)--B.R.Ambedkar.--Bombay.

HIMALAYAN RIVERS:

As the name suggests, these rivers originate from Himalayan Mountains. The
sources of water are rainfall and melted snow. As they come from high altitudes
they flow withhigh speed and have larger and deep courses.INDUS, GANGES and
BRAHMAPUTRA along with their respective tributaries are the main Himalayan
Rivers.

THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM:

SOURCE: The Indus River rises in Tibet near Manas sarovar Lake. Flowing
westwards, it enters India in Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir.

COURSE: It flows through the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
andPunjab in India then enters Pakistan and flowing further south reaches the
Arabian Sea, east of Karachi.

TRIBUTARIES: Zaskar, Nubra, Shyok and Hunza are the tributaries in India. Ravi,
Chenab, Sutlej, Jhelum and Beas are the tributaries in Pakistan.

CHARACTERISTICS: The slope is very gentleand with 2900 km length, Indus River is
one of the longest rivers in the world.

THE GANGES RIVER SYSTEM:

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SOURCE:The Ganges River originates in Gangotri glacier as Bhagirathi and joined by

Alaknanda at Devprayag, It turns into Ganga.

COURSE: The Ganga River enters plains in Haridwar and from there it flows
eastwards enlarged by the tributaries joining from left and right. The river divides in
West Bengal and the distributary Hooghly flows southward to reach Bay of Bengal.
The main river enters into Bangladesh and joins with Brahmaputra river.It covers
the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.

TRIBUTARIES: Yamuna River joins Ganga at Allahabad as a right bank tributary.

Ghagra, Gandak and Kosi Rivers arising from Nepal Himalayas joins as left bank
tributaries. Chambal, Betwa and Son rivers from central Highlands join as right bank
tributaries. It covers the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar

CHARACTERISTICS: The length is 2500 kmand the slope is almost steep in

Himalayas and gentle in the plains. With more number of tributaries the basin of the
river is very huge.

BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM:

SOURCE: The Brahmaputra River originates in Tibet to the east of Manas sarovar
Lake.

COURSE: The Brahmaputra River mostly flow outside India from the point of its
origin and in the middle course, enters Arunachal Pradesh and later into Assam.
Then, it flows eastwards into Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, Brahmaputra River is
called as River Padma.

TRIBUTARIES: In Arunachal Pradesh Dibang, Lohit and Kenula Rivers are its
tributaries.

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CHARACTERISTICS:The length of the river is 2900 km and is one of the longest
rivers of the world.

PENINSULAR RIVERS:

These rivers are confined to the peninsular region and are dependent on rainfall for
water. Unlike Himalayan Rivers, these rivers are shorter with small basins.
NARMADA, TAPI, GODAVARI, KRISHNA, CAUVERY and MAHANADI are the main rivers.

NARMADA BASIN:

It originates in Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh and flows towards west to join
the Arabian Sea. It covers the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

TAPI BASIN:

It rises in Madhya Pradesh and covering the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and
Maharashtra joins the Arabian Sea.

GODAVARI BASIN:

It is known as DAKSHIN GANGA due to its area covered (over 1500 km). The
Godavari River originates in Nasik in Maharashtra and covers the states of Madhya
Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. Flowing eastwards, it joins in Bay of Bengal.

KRISHNA BASIN:

It rises near MAHABALESWAR in Maharashtra and covering an area of 1300 km, it

flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and reaches Bay of
Bengal.
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CAUVERY BASIN:

Cauvery River originates in Western Ghats andcovering an area of 760 km, it

reaches Bay of Bengal in Tamil Nadu. The states covered areKarnataka, Kerala and
Tamil Nadu.

Besides the above other rivers include Mahi, Sabarmati, Subarna rekha and so on.

CONCLUSION:

All the rivers in India, despite their location are considered holy by the people. There
is a proposal of interlinking all the Indian rivers in order to utilise the waste flowing
water in drought areas.

Facts to remember - Constituent Assembly

1. The constituent assembly was formed on the recommendation of the Cabinet
Mission
which visited India in 1946.
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2. The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December,
1946 in
the Constitution Hall which is now known as the Central Hall of Parliament House.
3. Mr. Sachchidanand Sinha was elected provisional chairman of the assembly.
4. Dr Rajendra Prasad later became the permanent chairman of the constituent
assembly.
5. On 13 December, 1946, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution
which resolved to proclaim India as an Independent Sovereign Republic and to draw
up for her future governance a Constitution.
6. The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and
seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the
Constitution
for Independent India.
7. The Constituent Assembly held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days.
8. India is governed in terms of the Constitution, which was adopted on 26
November,
1949, which was the last day of the Eleventh session of the Constituent Assembly. #
This date finds mention in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution thus IN OUR
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY
ADOPT,
ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
9. The honourable members appended their signatures to the constitution on 24
January, 1950.
10. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January, 1950. On that day, the
Constituent Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional
Parliament
of India until a new Parliament was constituted in 1952
Chairmen of various committees in the Constituent Assembly
1. Committee on the Rules of Procedure--Rajendra Prasad
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2. Steering Committee--Rajendra Prasad
3. Finance and Staff Committee--Rajendra Prasad
4. Credential Committee--Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
5. House Committee--B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
6. Order of Business Committee--K.M. Munsi
7. Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag--Rajendra Prasad
8. Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly--G.V. Mavalankar
9. States Committee--Jawaharlal Nehru
10. Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded
Areas--Vallabhbhai Patel
11. Minorities Sub-Committee--H.C. Mookherjee
12. Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee--J.B. Kripalani
13. North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas
SubCommittee--Gopinath Bardoloi
14. Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) SubCommittee-A.V. Thakkar
15. Union Powers Committee---Jawaharlal Nehru
16. Union Constitution Committee---Jawaharlal Nehru
17. Drafting Committee---B.R. Ambedkar
SSC SPECIAL SERIES -- PART 4
INDIAN CONSTITUTION
################
Indian constitution contains 395 articles in Parts I to XXII and 12 schedules.
Parts of Indian Constitution
Part ==Subject=== Articles
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Part I The Union and its territory Art. 1 to 4
Part II Citizenship Art. 5 to 11
Part III Fundamental Rights Art. 12 to 35
Part IV Directive Principles Art. 36 to 51
Part IVA Fundamental Duties Art. 51A
Part V The Union Art. 52 to 151
Part VI The States Art. 152 to 237
Part VII Repealed by Const. (7th Amendment) Act, 1956
Part VIII The Union Territories Art. 239 to 242
Part IX The Panchayats Art. 243 to 243O
Part IXA The Muncipalities Art. 243P to 243ZG
Part IXB The Co-operative Societies Art. 243ZH to 243ZT
Part X The Scheduled and Tribal Areas Art. 244 to 244A
Part XI Relations between the Union and the States Art. 245 to 263
Part XII Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits Art. 264 to 300A
Part XIII Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India Art. 301 to
307
Part XIV Services under the Union and the States Art. 308 to 323
Part XIVA Tribunals Art. 323A to 323B
Part XV Elections Art. 324 to 329A
Part XVI Special provisions relating to certain classes Art. 330 to 342
Part XVII Official Language Art. 343 to 351
Part XVIII Emergency Provisions Art. 352 to 360
Part XIX Miscellaneous Art. 361 to 367
Part XX Amendment of the Constitution Art. 368
Part XXI Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Art. 369 to 392

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Part XXII Short title, commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals Art. 393
to
395
Important Articles of Indian Constitution
Article 12 35 Specify the Fundamental Rights available
Article 36-50 Specify the Directive Principles of state policy
Article 51A Specifies the Fundamental Duties of every citizen
Article 80 Specifies the number of seats for the Rajya Sabha
Article 81 Specifies the number of seats for the Lok Sabha
Article 343 Hindi as official language
Article 356 Imposition of Presidents Rule in states
Article 370 Special status to Kashmir
Article 395 Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935
Schedules to Indian Constitution
Schedules 1 to 12
First schedule contains the list of states and union territories and their territories
Second schedule contains provisions as to the President, Governors of States,
Speaker
and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the
Deputy
Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the
Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative
Council of a State, the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts and the
Comptroller and Auditor-General of Indiathe list of states and union territories and
their
territories
Third Schedule contains the Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.

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Fourth Schedule contains provisions as to the allocation of seats in the Council of
States.
Fifth Schedule contains provisions as to the Administration and Control of
Scheduled
Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
Sixth Schedule contains provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the
States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
Seventh Schedule contains the Union list, State list and the concurrent list.
Eighth Schedule contains the list of recognised languages.
Ninth Schedule contains provisions as to validation of certain Acts and
Regulations.
Tenth Schedule contains provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.
Eleventh Schedule contains the powers, authority and responsibilities of
Panchayats.
Twelfth Schedule contains the powers, authority and responsibilities of
Municipalities.

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