Lab 1 Complete

GROUP 2
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 3043 MICROPROCESSOR FUNDAMENTALS
DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ELECTRONICS
LAB 1
TITLE : Introduction of Instruction Set for Easy68K
NAME
MOHD SYAHIR BIN ABD SUKOR
MATRIX
NUMBER
16DTK14F1019
DTK5A
Nur Akhyar bin Nordin
CLASS
LECTURE
SESION: JUNE 2016
GROUP 2
CONTENTS
GROUP 2
INTRODUCTION
Theory:
Motorola 68000 Designed by Motorola Inc. in 1979 which is consists of 68,000

transistors (< 1 MIPS (Million Instructions per Second)). It is used in Apple Mac,
Sun, Silicon Graphics, and Apollo workstations. 16-bit microprocessor lends to
the 16-bit data bus and it introduced to replace 8-bit microprocessors. This 16-bit
microprocessor helps to overcome the lacking of instruction sets and addressing
capabilities. Motorola 68000 also known as multiprocessing and multitasking
microprocessor because it can executes many programs at one time.
EASY68K stand for Editor, Assembler, and Simulator for the 68000
microprocessor. This software able you to create and run 68000 assembly
language program on a Windows PC. EASY68K consists of:
1.
Edit68K Editor program for writing and assembling a program.
2.
Sim68K Simulator program for simulate or running a program.
LAB1.X68
(source
file)
Edit68K
(assemble
r)
LAB1.L68K
LAB1.S68
(listing
file)
(S-record file)
Sim68K
(simulato
r)
program
execution
Assembly Language Syntax stated that each line of a program must have an
instruction, an assembler directive (or pseudo-op) and a comment. Whitespace
(between symbols) and case are ignored. Comments (beginning with ;) are also
ignored. An instruction has the following format:
LABEL
OPCODE
OPERANDS
Mandatory
Optional
3
; COMMENTS
GROUP 2
Opcodes - Reserved symbols that correspond to LC-3 instructions; for example:
ADD, AND, LD, LDR
Operands - Registers: specified by Rn, where n is the register number
- Numbers: indicated by numbers symbol typing
- Label: symbolic name of memory location (separated by comma)
Example:
MOVE.B
#$12,D2
Label - placed at the beginning of the line and assigns a symbolic name to the
address corresponding to line
Example:
LOOP MOVE.B
#$12,D2
Comment - anything after a semicolon is a comment and used by humans for references because
its ignored by assembler
GROUP 2
Objectives:
1. Understanding instruction line up for each block and try simulate.

2. Understanding for simple for Address Register Direct
3. Determine the using for Define Variables and Define Constant
Equipment:
1. Computer
2. Easy68K software
3. Calculator
4. Flash drive
GROUP 2
Activity 1: Program Writing With Edit68K
1. Click: Start > All program > EASy68K > Edit68K.
Figure 1: Edit68K
2. Type the following program and saved as LAB1A.X68
*----------------------------------------------------------* Program Number: LAB1A.X68
* Written by
: (GROUP)
* Date Created : DD.MM.YYYY
* Description
: MOVE INSTRUCTION
*----------------------------------------------------------START ORG
$1000
MOVE.B
#$12,D0
; Instruction 1
MOVE.W
#$1234,D1
; Instruction 2
MOVE.L
#$12345678,D2 ; Instruction 3
MOVE.W
D2,D3
; Instruction 4
MOVE.B
D1,D4
; Instruction 5
MOVE.W
D1,D5
; Instruction 6
MOVE.B
D3,D6
; Instruction 7
MOVE.W
D5,D7
; Instruction 8
MOVE.W
D7,D0
; Instruction 9
MOVE.B
D3,D1
; Instruction 10
END
START
GROUP 2
Figure 2: LAB1A.X68
3. Make sure every writing is in the right place for LABEL, OPCODE, OPERAND and
COMMENT
4. There are several way to assembling file, choose either one:
a. Click : Tools | Assembly Source or
b. Click button
c. Press F9
5.
or
EASy68K will check error and display it if available. If any, double click the Error
Message to locate and correct the error. Repeat step 1 until no error available.
GROUP 2
Figure 3: No Error in program
Figure 4: Enter Load L68
GROUP 2
Activity 2: Address Register Direct
1. By referring to the instruction in Figure 2, manually do instructions according to the below
statements first without using Easy68K.
Table 1: Translation statement into code
Statement
Instruction Code
ex: Input 8-bit data from register D6 into D7
MOVE.B D6,D7
Input decimal value 69 into D6
MOVE.B #69,D6
Input 32-bit $1200 into register D0
MOVE.L #$1200,D0
Input 16-bit -1 (Negative one) into register D1
MOVE.W #(-1),D1
Input octal value 753 into D2
MOVE.L #@753,D2
Input binary value 11001001011 into D3
MOVE.L #%11001001011,D3
Input character A into D4
MOVE.L $A,D4
Input character QUIT into D5
MOVE.L #QUIT,D5
Input hexadecimal value 1350 into A0
MOVE.W #$1350,A0
Copy data from register D5 into D6
MOVE.L D5,D6
Copy value from register A0 into A1
MOVE.L A0,A1
Figure 2: LAB1A.X68 after type coding
GROUP 2
Figure 3: No Error in program
Figure 4: After Enter Load L68
10
GROUP 2
Activity 3: Using Define Variable and Define Constant

1. Refer to the Table 1 below to get understanding of directive description.
Directive Name
Description
EQU
Give a value to a symbol
ORG
Set starting value of location counter
where code or data will go
DC[.size]
Allocate and initialize storage for
variables. Size can be b (byte), w (two
bytes) or l (4 bytes). If no size is
specified, b is uses
DS[.size]
Allocate specified number of storage
spaces. size is the same as for dc directive
2. Key-in instruction below using Easy68K and RUN it.
LEN
TABLE1
TABLE2
ORG
EQU
DC.B
DS.B
$0900
$0902
$23,$17,$F2,$A3
6
11
LEN
Example
EQU 100
ORG $0800
VAR
DC.B 2,18
TAB
DS.B 10
GROUP 2
VAR
DC.W
$43AF
Figure 1:Type this code at LAB1A.X68
12
GROUP 2
Figure 2: LAB1A.X68
Figure 3: After enter code Run it
13
GROUP 2
3. Click View > Memory. Go to address $0900 and analyze the content inside memory. Put your
analysis into Table 3 below.
Address
$0900
$0902
$0904
$0906
$0908
Data (Hex)
23
F2
FF
FF
FF
Analysis
Data 23 into Address 900
Data F2 into Address 902
Data FF into Address 904
Table 2
Figure 4: The data and address of Memory
14
GROUP 2
QUESTION
1. Using Easy68K to debug the error coding below. Write down the correct coding.
ORG
DC.B
DS.W
HOUSE
BLOCK
STAIR DC.W
25AC
START
ORG
MOVE.B
MOVE
MOVE.L
MOVEA.L
MOVE.W
END
1200
$57AE,$44DC,@1313,$A3
2
1400
#$1234,D0
D0,D1
$04B0,D2
#$04B6,A0
(A0),D3
START
15
GROUP 2
Figure 1:Insert the code at LAB1A.X68 and run it
Figure 2: Error in program
16
GROUP 2
Figure 3: identified the Error and run it again
Figure 4: No Error in Program
17
GROUP 2
Figure 5: After Run it
Figure 6: The data and address in Memory has shown
18
GROUP 2
2. What is the meaning of .B, .W and .L?
Answer:
B : Using Binary value
W :Using 16-bit of hexa
L : Using 32-bit of hexa
CONCLUSION
19
GROUP 2
i. . Discovery Issues
that there are problems in the course of practical training is a coding error that can
not be run the next process.
This problem is solved by identifying coding wrong and corrected.
ii. Reference Source

I took the reference source is from internet.
-http://www.slideshare.net/FrankieJones1/chapter-3-instruction-set-and-assemblylanguage-programming
iii . Practical Conclusions and Recommendations
20

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GROUP 2

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MOHD SYAHIR BIN ABD SUKOR

Nur Akhyar bin Nordin

SESION: JUNE 2016

Motorola 68000 Designed by Motorola Inc. in 1979 which is consists of 68,000

1. Understanding instruction line up for each block and try simulate.

Figure 3: No Error in program

Figure 4: Enter Load L68

Figure 2: LAB1A.X68 after type coding

Figure 3: No Error in program

Figure 4: After Enter Load L68

Activity 3: Using Define Variable and Define Constant

Figure 1:Type this code at LAB1A.X68

Figure 3: After enter code Run it

Figure 4: The data and address of Memory

Figure 1:Insert the code at LAB1A.X68 and run it

Figure 2: Error in program

Figure 3: identified the Error and run it again

Figure 4: No Error in Program

Figure 5: After Run it

Figure 6: The data and address in Memory has shown

ii. Reference Source

iii . Practical Conclusions and Recommendations

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