20th

may
2016

ENGLISH FOR INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING
ArdaArasmita, Ni KetutSulastri, Imam Nuryadin,Sulastri
This syllabus and materials for Industrial Engineering participants are
created based on the need analysis result of Industrial Engineering
employee

CONTENTS
Contents i
Syllabus

ii

UNIT 1STEAM TURBINE..............................................................1

UNIT 2
UNIT 3

BOILER.....................................................................5
COAL HANDLING SYSTEM.......................................................................10

UNIT 4

ASH HANDLING

SYSTEM..............................................13

UNIT 5

FLUE GAS SYSTEM.....................................................17

UNIT 6

TRAVO....................................................................19

UNIT 7 GENERATOR..............................................................22

SYLLABUS
GROUP OF SUBJECT
DESCRIPTION

English for Industrial Engineering

This course is highly concerned with English for
Industrial Engineering. The

course is mainly

language skill which relates to the participants. Other

main sub-skill is also provided to support the
participants communicative competence. The skill is
vocabulary. However, To optimize the teachinglearning process, the course materials are taken from
various sources and enriched with a lot of exercise.
STANDARD COMPETENCE
1). participants are able to master English in order to
gain a deep understanding in the field of Industrial
Engineering,
2). participants are able to understand the meaning
of the English text effectively related to Industrial
Engineering in vocabulary and reading
BASIC COMPETENCE

1). Comprehending read Industrial Engineering text

related to literatures written in English.
2). understanding the meaning of words,
3). Completing the task of Industrial Engineering text
in written materials.
LEARNING STRATEGY
The

teaching-learning

process

is

strategically

directed to the use of various meaningful learning

context in which the participants are encouraged to
the use of English according to the materials. In
optimizing

the

learning

process,

number

of

methods such as pairs group, groups discussion and

communicative

learning

can

be

used

interchangeably. The students are kept on gaining

benefit from and getting involved actively in the
learning process.

No.
1.

Meeting
First

Topics
Meaning of steam

Learning Focus
Topic-based selection,

turbine

Reading (read the text).

Vocabulary (answer

2.

Second

Boiler

Time allocation

30 minutes

questions).
Topic-based selection,
Reading (making
arrangement), Vocabulary

30 minutes

(answer the multiple choice

3.

Third

Coal Handling System

questions).
Topic-based selection,
Reading (answer the
question based on the

30 minutes

passage) Vocabulary
4.

Fourth

Ash Handling System

(answer the question).

Topic-based selection,

Reading (find the

corresponding pairs of
sentence based on the text),

30 minutes

Vocabulary (answer the

5.

Fifth

Flue Gas System

question).
Topic-based selection,
Vocabulary (answer the
multiple choice questions),
Reading (fill in the blank

30 minutes

with the suitable words

6.

Sixth

Travo

provided).
Topic-based selection,
Reading (read the text and
arrange the sentence),

30 minutes

Vocabulary (answer the

7.
8.

Seventh
Eighth

Generator

multiple choice).
Topic-based selection,
Reading (find the
corresponding pairs of
sentence based on the text),

2 x 60 minutes

Vocabulary (answer the

multiple choice questions).

UNIT 1
A. READING
Read the text below and discuss the task in pair!

STEAM TURBINE
A steam turbine is a
device

that

thermal

extracts

energy

pressurized

from

steam

and

uses it to do mechanical
work on a rotating output
shaft.

Its

modern

manifestation

was

invented

by

Sir

Charles

Parsons in 1884.
Because the turbine
generates

rotary

motion, it is particularly
suited to be used to drive an electrical generator about 90% of all
electricity generation in the United States (1996) is by use of steam
turbines. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of
its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple
stages in the expansion of the steam, which results in a closer approach
to the ideal reversible expansion process
Steam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging from small <
0.75 kW (<1 hp) units (rare) used as mechanical drives for pumps,

compressors and other shaft driven equipment, to 1 500 000 kW (1.5 GW;
2 000 000 hp) turbines used to generate electricity. There are several
classifications for modern steam turbines.
Turbine blades has two types, there are blades and nozzles. Blades
move entirely due to the impact of steam on them and their profiles do
not converge. This results in a steam velocity drop and essentially no
pressure drop as steam moves through the blades. A turbine composed of
blades alternating with fixed nozzles is called an impulse turbine, Curtis
turbine, Rateau turbine, or Brown-Curtis turbine. Nozzles appear similar to
blades, but their profiles converge near the exit. This results in a steam
pressure drop and velocity increase as steam moves through the nozzles.
Nozzles move due to both the impact of steam on them and the reaction
due to the high-velocity steam at the exit. A turbine composed of moving
nozzles alternating with fixed nozzles is called a reaction turbine or
Parsons turbine.
Task 1. Answer the questions!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is steam turbine?

When was steam turbine invented?
Why does turbine generate rotary motion?
What are the components of steam turbine?
Mention the types of turbine blades!

Task 2.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided!

Reversible

Parsons

extracts

Converge

blades

thermodynamic

Nozzles

Rameau

Curtis

1.

A steam turbine is a device that_________ thermal energy from

pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating
output shaft.

2.

The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its
improvement in __ efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the
expansion of the steam, which results in a closer approach to the
ideal___________ expansion process

3.

Turbine blades has two types, there are________ and ___________

4.

Nozzles appear similar to blades, but their profiles ___________near the

exit.
5.

A turbine composed of moving nozzles alternating with fixed nozzles is

called a reaction turbine or__________ turbine.

6.

A turbine composed of blades alternating with fixed nozzles is called an

impulse turbine, _______________turbine,

__________turbine, or Brown-

Curtis turbine.
Task 3. Find the corresponding pairs on the right side!
1.

A steam turbine is a device that extracts. . . .

a.

there

are

blades and nozzles

2.

it is particularly suited to be used. .

b.

called

reaction

turbine
3.

There are several classifications. .

c. to drive an electrical

generator
4.

Turbine blades has two types. .

d. for modern steam

turbine

5.

A turbine composed of moving nozzles

e. thermal energy from

alternating with fixed nozzles is. .

pressurized steam

Task 4. Arranged the disordered words bellow into right sentences!

1.

Pressurized steam - from a steam turbine thermal energy that

extracts a device - is

2.

In 1884 Sir Charles Parsons was invented the modern

manifestation by
3.

Heat engine - Is steam turbine the a form - of

4.

Are in - made steam turbine a variety of sizes

5.

And - Turbine blades two types has blades nozzles there are

B. VOCABULARY

Task 5. Choose the right answer below (x)

1.

A steam turbine is a . . . . that extracts thermal energy from

pressurized steam

2.

a.

Machine

b.

Device

c. Instrument
d. Equipment

The modern manifestation was . . . . by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884

a.

Produced

b.

Created

c. Invented
d. Makes

3.

4.

5.

The . . . . . is a form of heat engine

a.

Steam Turbine

c. Turbine blades

b.

Turbine system

d. Turbine generator

Steam turbines are . . . . in a variety of sizes

a.

Makes

c. Consist

b.

Made

d. Make

. . . . . . hastwo types, there are blades and nozzles

a.

Steam turbine

c. Turbine generator

b.

Turbine blades

d. Turbine system

UNIT 2
A. READING

What picture is this? (Discuss with your friend!)

10

Read the text and do the tasks with your friend!

Boilers

11

Boilers are pressure vessels designed to heat water or produce steam,

which can then be used to provide space heating and/or service water
heating to a building. In most commercial building heating applications, the
heating source in the boiler is a natural gas fired burner. Oil fired burners and
electric resistance heaters can be used as well. Steam is preferred over hot
water in some applications, including absorption cooling, kitchens, laundries,
sterilizers, and steam driven equipment.
Boilers have several strengths that have made them a common feature
of buildings. They have a long life, can achieve efficiencies up to 95% or
greater provide an effective method of heating a building, and in the case of
steam systems, require little or no pumping energy. However, fuel costs can
be considerable, regular maintenance is required, and if maintenance is
delayed, repair can be costly.
Boilers are often one of the largest energy users in a building. For
every year a boiler system goes unattended, boiler costs can increase
approximately 10% . Boiler operation and maintenance is therefore a good
place to start when looking for ways to reduce energy use and save money.

How Boilers Work

Both gas and oil fired boilers use controlled combustion of the fuel to
heat water. The key boiler components involved in this process are the
burner, combustion chamber, heat exchanger, and controls. The burner
mixes the fuel and oxygen together and, with the assistance of an ignition
device, provides a platform for combustion. This combustion takes place in
the combustion chamber, and the heat that it generates is transferred to the
water through the heat exchanger. Controls regulate the ignition, burner
firing rate, fuel supply, air supply, exhaust draft, water temperature, steam
pressure, and boiler pressure.

12

Hot water produced by a boiler is pumped through pipes and delivered

to equipment throughout the building, which can include hot water coils in
air handling units, service hot water heating equipment, and terminal units.
Steam boilers produce steam that flows through pipes from areas of high
pressure to areas of low pressure, unaided by an external energy source such
as a pump. Steam utilized for heating can be directly utilized by steam
using equipment or can provide heat through a heat exchanger that supplies
hot water to the equipment.

Task 1.Answer the questions!

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is a boiler?
What is the function of boilers?
What are the applications of steam?
Why a boiler is important for a building?
How does the boiler work?

Task 2.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided!

Combustion
Burner

common
supplies

applications
energy

1. In most commercial building heating__________, the heating source in the

boiler is a natural gas fired burner.
2. Boilers have several strengths that have made them a __________ feature
of buildings.
3. Boilers are often one of the largest _________ users in a building.
4. The key boiler components involved in this process are the ___________,
combustion chamber, heat exchanger, and controls.
5. This combustion takes place in the __________ chamber, and the heat that
it generates is transferred to the water through the heat exchanger.
6. using equipment or can provide heat through a heat exchanger

that

__________ hot water to the equipment.

13

Task 3.Find the corresponding pairs on the right side!

1. Boilers are pressure vessels designed
low pressure
2. Boilers have several strengths that
have made them a
3. Boilers are often one of the largest

a. high pressure to areas of

b. energy users in a building
c. to heat water or produce

steam
4. gas and oil fired boilers use

d.

common

feature

of

buildings
controlled combustion of
5. Steam boilers produce steam that
flows through pipes from areas of

e. the fuel to heat water

Task 4. Re-arrange the sentences above into a correct sentences!

1. Are boilers pressure vessels designed water or produce steam to
heat
2. Can be used oil fired burners as well and electric resistance heaters
3. Several have boilers strengths have made that a common feature
buildings
of
4. A building energy users are often boilers in one of the largest
5. Controlled use combustion heat water to of the fuel both gas and oil
fired
boilers

B. VOCABULARY

Task 5.Choose the right answer below (x)

1. Boilers are pressure vessels designed to . . . . or produce steam
a. Heat water
c. freeze the water
b. Heat oil
d. freeze the oil
2. Steam boilers is preferred over . . . . . in some applications

14

a. Hot water
c. Cold water
b. Hot oil
d. Cold oil
3. . . . . have several strengths that have made them a common feature
of buildings
a. Steam turbine
c. Travo
b. Boilers
d.Generator
4. Boilers are often one of the. . . . . . users in a building
a. Largest energy
c. Large energy
b. Biggest energy
d. Small energy
5. . . . . . . .produce steam that flows through pipes from areas of high
pressure to areas of low pressure
a. Steam boiler
c. Ash system
b. Boiler system
d. Fuel system

15

UNIT 3
Do you know what is COAL HANDLING SYSTEM? (discusswith your
friend!)

A. READING
Read the text and answer the questions! (in pair)

COAL HANDLING SYSTEM

Ducon supplies complete coal handling systems for coal fired boilers.
Coal handling at utilities requires specialized technology and equipment from
unloading to crushing and dust control to fire protection.

16

Coal
wagons

from
is

the

coal

unloaded

by

Tipplers in the coal handling

plant.

This

coal

is

transported up to the coal

storage

bunkers

through

conveyor belts.Coal is then

transported
house

by

to

the

conveyor

Crush
belts

where it is crushed to small

pieces

and

light

dust

is

separated. The crushed coal

is then transported to the
bowl mill by coal feeders.
In the bowl mill, coal is grounded to a powder form. The mill consists of
a round metallic table on which coal particles fall. The crushed coal is then
taken to the Boiler through coal pipes with the help of hot and cold air
mixture.
Ducon systems are custom engineered solutions, utilizing its advanced
equipment components, that provide low maintenance and operating costs.

Task 1.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided!

Handling
conveyor

metallic
separated

maintenance
Bunkers

1. Ducon supplies complete coal __________ systems for coal fired boilers.
2. This coal is transported up to the coal storage _________ through conveyor
belts.

17

3. Coal is then transported to the Crush house by __________belts where it is

crushed to small pieces and light dust is ________
4. The mill consists of a round __________ table on which coal particles fall.
5. Ducon systems are custom engineered solutions, utilizing its advanced
equipment components, that provide low _____________ and operating
costs.
Task 2.Find the corresponding pairs on the right side!
1. Ducon supplies complete coal handling

a. by Tipplers in the

coal handling plant

2. Coal from the coal wagons is unloaded

b. house by conveyor

belts
3. Coal is then transported to the Crush
4. The crushed coal is then taken to the
5. Ducon systems are custom

c. Boiler through coal pipes

d. engineered solutions
e. systems for coal

fired boilers
Task 3. Re-arrange the sentences above into correct sentences!
1. Complete coal fired boilers supplies Ducon coal handling system
for.
2. The coal wagons from is unloaded coal Tipplers by in the coal
handling plant.
3. Through this coal to the coal storage bunkers conveyor belts is
transported up.
4. Coal feeders by the crushed coal to the bowl mill is then
transported.
5. Coal in the bowl mill to a powder form is grounded.

18

B. VOCABULARY

Task 4.Choose the right answer below (x)

1. Ducon supplies complete . . . . . . for coal fired boilers
a. Boiler
c. Coal handling systems
b. Generator
d. Flue gas system
2. . . . . . at utilities requires specialized technology and equipment
a. Coal handling
c. Ash handling system
b. Flue gas system
d. Generator
3. Coal from the coal wagons is unloaded by Tipplers in the . . . . .
a. Fuel handling system
c. Coal handling plant
b. Ash handling system
d. Gas handling system
4. The mill consists of . . . . . . table on which coal particles fall
a. A round metallic
c. A round Iron
b. A round of metal
d. A round Copper
5. . . . . . are custom engineered solutions
a. Ducon system
c. Coal system
b. Travo system
d. Gas system

UNIT 4
What do you think about this picture?

19

A. READING

ASH HANDLING SYSTEM

Ducon

supplies both wet and dry type ash systems for power

plants.
Wet ash system is can be utilized
for

Bottom Ash handling with

water

impounded

and

jet

intermittent
collected
primary

hopper

pumps

for

removal.

Ash

in
air

economiser,
heater

and

secondary air heater hoppers drops continuously through suitable vertical

pipe connections to the flushing connections provided beneath each of the
hoppers. The flushing equipment serves to mix the ash with the water and
discharge the ash in the form of slurry. The Dry fly ash system consists of a
two stage ESP and duct hopper ash removal conveying system. The first

20

stage includes extraction of dry fly ash from under the various ESP / duct
hoppers to intermediate hoppers located near the ESPs. In the second stage,
fly ash is conveyed from under these hoppers to the storage silos located
near the plant boundary.
A dilute phase system is provided for extraction of dry fly ash in the
first stage, and for second stage, a dense phase conveying system is
provided for transportation of dry fly ash to the main storage silos. Ducon
provides complete key systems that are custom engineered based on plant
layout, capcities and site conditions

Do the tasks with your group!

Task 1.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided!
supplies

extraction

provided

equipment

storage

transportation

1. Ducon _________both wet and dry type ash systems for power plants
2. The flushing _________ serves to mix the ash with the water and discharge
the ash in the form of slurry.
3. The first stage includes __________ of dry fly ash from under the various
ESP / duct hoppers to intermediate hoppers located near the ESP
4. stage, a dense phase conveying system is provided for ___________ of dry
fly ash to the main storage silos.
5. A dilute phase system is ____________ for extraction of dry fly ash in the
first stage, and for second stage, a dense phase conveying system is
provided for transportation of dry fly ash to the main ____________ silos.
Task 2. Find the corresponding pairs on the right side!
1. Ducon supplies both wet and dry type ash systems

a.

water

impounded hopper

21

2. Wet ash system is can be utilized for

b. dry fly ash in

the first
Bottom Ash handling with
3. The Dry fly ash system consists of a two stage

stage
c. for power

plants.
4. A dilute phase system is provided for extraction of

d. ESP and

duct hopper
dry fly ash in the first stage
5. Ducon provides complete key systems

e.

layout, capcities and

plant

that are custom engineered based on

site conditions

Task 3. Re-arrange the sentences above into a correct sentences!

1. Supplies Ducon both wet and dry type ash system for power plants.
2. Serves the ash the flushing equipment with the water in the form of
slurry and discharge the ash to mix.
3. A two stages ESP - duct hopper ash removal conveying system consists
of the dry fly ash system an
B. VOCABULARY

Task 4. Choose the right answer below (x)

1.
a.
b.
2.

Ducon supplies both . . . . . ash systems for power plants.

Wet type
c. wet and dry type
Dry type
d. cold and warm type
. . . . . . is can be utilized for Bottom Ash handling with water impounded

a.
b.
3.
a.
b.
4.
a.
b.

hopper
Wet ash system
c. Cold ash system
Dry ash system
d. Warm ash system
The Dry fly ash system consists of. . . . . ESP and duct hopper
Three stage
c. Four stage
Two stage
d. Mutual stage
A dilute phase system is provided for extraction of . . . . . in the first stage
Wet fly ash
c. Dry fly ash
Warm fly ash
d. Dry and wet fly ash

22

5. Ducon provides complete . . . . . that are custom engineered based on

plant layout, capacities and site conditions
a. Key system
c. Ash system
b. Handling system
d. Coal system

23

UNIT 5
A. READING
Read the text below and answer the questions!
FLUE GAS SYSTEM

Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a
pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace,
boiler or steam generator. Quite often, the flue gas refers to the combustion
exhaust gas produced at power plants. Its composition depends on what is
being burned, but it will usually consist of mostly nitrogen (typically more
than two-thirds) derived from the combustion of air, carbon dioxide (CO2),
and water vapor as well as excess oxygen (also derived from the combustion
air). It further contains a small percentage of a number of pollutants, such as
particulate matter (like soot), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur
oxides

24

Task 1.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided!

Exiting
Monoxide

combustion
pollutants

percentage
burned

Flue gas is the gas (1)________to the via a flue, which is a pipe or
channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace,
boiler or steam generator. Quite often, the flue gas refers to the (2)
_______exhaust gas produced at power plants. Its composition depends
on what is being (3)_________, but it will usually consist of mostly
nitrogen (typically more than two-thirds) derived from the combustion
of air, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor as well as excess oxygen
(also derived from the combustion air). It further contains a small
(4)__________of a number of (5)_________, such as particulate matter
(like soot), carbon (6)_________, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides.
Task 2.Find the corresponding pairs on the right side!
1. Flue gas is the gas exiting to the
2. the flue gas refers to the combustion
oxides
3. Flue gas composition depends on
and Water
4. Flue gas consist of mostly nitrogen,
power
5. Flue gas contains a small percentage of

a. what is being burned

b. nitrogen oxides, and sulfur
c. carbon dioxide (CO2),
d. exhaust gas produced at
plants
e. atmosphere via a

flue
pollutants, such as carbon monoxide,

25

UNIT 6
A. READING
Read aloud the text after your teacher!
TRAVO
A

transformer

electrical

device

that

is

an

transfers

electrical energy between two or more

circuits
induction.

through

electromagnetic

Electromagnetic

induction

produces an electromotive force within

a conductor which is exposed to
time

varying

magnetic

fields.

Transformers are used to increase or

decrease the alternating voltages in
electric power applications.
A varying current in the transformer's
primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer core and
a varying field impinging on the transformer's secondary winding. This
varying magnetic field at the secondary winding induces a varying
electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in the secondary winding due to
electromagnetic induction. Making use of Faraday's Law (discovered in 1831)
in conjunction with high magnetic permeability core properties, transformers

26

can be designed to efficiently change AC voltages from one voltage level to

another within power networks.
Since the invention of the first constant potential transformer in 1885,
transformers have become essential for the transmission, distribution, and
utilization of alternating current electrical energy. A wide range of
transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power
applications. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a
cubic centimeter in volume to units interconnecting the power grid weighing
hundreds of tons.

Do the tasks in pair!

Task 1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided!
Increase

varying

impinging

Utilization

Electrical

designed

distribution

power

1. A transformer is an electrical device that transfers ___________ energy

between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.
2. Transformers are used to ___________ or decrease the alternating
voltages in electric power applications
3. A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a
___________ magnetic flux in the transformer core and a varying field
__________ on the transformer's secondary winding.

27

4. Making use of Faraday's Law (discovered in 1831) in conjunction with

high magnetic permeability core properties, transformers can be
___________ to efficiently change AC voltages from one voltage level to
another within ___________ networks.
5. Since the invention of the first constant potential transformer in 1885,
transformers

have

become

essential

for

the

transmission,

____________,and ___________ of alternating current electrical energy

Task 2.Find the corresponding pairs on the right side!

1. A transformer is an electrical device

a. between two or

more circuits
that transfers electrical energy
2. Electromagnetic induction produces
applications
3. Transformers are used to increase
force within a
or decrease the alternating voltages in
4. A varying current in the transformer's primary

b.
c.

electric

an

power

electromotive

conductor
d. electronic and

electric power winding creates a varying magnetic flux in

applications
5. A wide range of transformer designs is

e.

the

transformer core
encountered in
Task 3. Re-arrange the sentences above into correct sentences!
1. Transfers a transformer that is an electrical device electrical
energy through between two or more circuits electromagnetic
induction.
2. To increase or decrease are used transformers in electric power
applications the alternating voltages.
B. VOCABULARY

28

Task 4.Choose the right answer below (x)

1. A transformer is an electrical device that transfers . . . . . energy between
two or more circuits
a. Electromagnetic energy
c. Electronic energy
b. Electrical energy
d. Electromatic energy
2. Electromagnetic induction produces an . . . . . within a conductor
a. Electrical force
c. Electromotive energy
b. Electronic force
d. Electromatic energy
3. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the . . . . . . in electric
power applications
a. Alternating Voltages
c. Static voltages
b. Emergency voltages
d. High Voltages
4. A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates . . . . . . in
the transformer core
a. A static magnetic
c. A varying magnetic
b. High magnetic
d. An essential magnetic
5. A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in . . . . . . .
a. Electrical and electronic applications
b. Electronic and electric applications
c. Electromagnetic and electric applications
d. Electrical and statical applications
e.

UNIT 7
A. READING
GENERATOR
Generator is a device that
converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy for use in an
external circuit. The source of
mechanical

energy

may

vary

widely from a hand crank to an

29

internal

combustion

engine.

Generators provide nearly all of

the

power

for

electric

power

grids.The reverse conversion of

electrical energy into mechanical
energy is done by an electric
motor,
generators

and

motors
have

and
many

similarities. Many motors can be

mechanically driven to generate
electricity

and frequently make

acceptable generators.
These are several types of generator :
1. Homopolargenerator, is a DCelectrical generator comprising an
electrically

conductive

disc

or

cylinder

rotating

in

plane

perpendicular to a uniform static magnetic field. A potential

difference is created between the center of the disc and the rim (or

30

ends of the cylinder), the electrical polarity depending on the

direction of rotation and the orientation of the field.
It is also known as a unipolar generator, acyclic generator, disk
dynamo, or Faraday disc. The voltage is typically low, on the order of a few
volts in the case of small demonstration models, but large research
generators can produce hundreds of volts, and some systems have multiple
generators in series to produce an even larger voltage.[14] They are unusual
in that they can produce tremendous electric current, some more than a
million amperes, because the homopolar generator can be made to have
very low internal resistance.
2. MHD generator
A magnetohydrodynamic generator directly extracts electric
power from moving hot gases through a magnetic field, without the
use of rotating electromagnetic machinery. MHD generators were
originally developed because the output of a plasma MHD generator is
a flame, well able to heat the boilers of a steampower plant. The first
practical design was the AVCO Mk. 25, developed in 1965. The U.S.
government funded substantial development, culminating in a 25 MW
demonstration plant in 1987. In the Soviet Union from 1972 until the
late 1980s, the MHD plant U 25 was in regular commercial operation on
the Moscow power system with a rating of 25 MW, the largest MHD
plant rating in the world at that time. [15] MHD generators operated as a
topping cycle are currently (2007) less efficient than combined
cyclegas turbines.
3. Induction generator
Some AC motors may be used as generators, turning mechanical
energy

into

electric

current.

Induction

generators

operate

by

31

mechanically turning their rotor faster than the synchronous speed,

giving negative slip. A regular AC asynchronous motor usually can be
used as a generator, without any internal modifications. Induction
generators are useful in applications such as minihydro power plants,
wind turbines, or in reducing high-pressure gas streams to lower
pressure, because they can recover energy with relatively simple
controls.
To operate, an induction generator must be excited with a
leading voltage; this is usually done by connection to an electrical grid,
or sometimes they are self-excited by using phase correcting
capacitors.
4. Linear electric generator
In the simplest form of linear electric generator, a sliding magnet
moves back and forth through a solenoid - a spool of copper wire. An
alternating current is induced in the loops of wire by Faraday's law of
induction each time the magnet slides through. This type of generator
is used in the Faraday flashlight. Larger linear electricity generators are
used in wave power schemes.
Task 1.Make a list of difficult words based on the text and find out
the meaning of that words !

Words

Meaning

32

Do the task with your group!

Task 2. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided!
Electric

perpendicular

cylinder

hydrodynamic

rotating

asynchronous
Mechanical
induced
1. In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts ___________
energy to electrical energy for use in an external circuit.
2. Generators provide nearly all of the power for __________ power grids.
3. Homopolargenerator, is a DCelectrical generator comprising

an

electrically conductive disc or __________ rotating in a plane ___________ to

a uniform static magnetic field.
4. A magneto generator directly extracts electric power from moving hot
gases

through

magnetic

field,

without

the

use

of

__________

electromagnetic machinery
5. A regular AC ____________ motor usually can be used as a generator,
without any internal modifications.
6. An alternating current is ____________ in the loops of wire by induction
each time the magnet slides through
Task 3. Find the corresponding pairs on the right side!
1. generator is a device that converts

a. without any internal

modifications
mechanical energy to electrical energy
2. Homopolargenerator, is a DC

b. used in wave power

schemes.
electrical generator comprising
3. A magnetohydrodynamic generator

c. for use in an

external circuit
directly extracts electric power from

33

4. A regular AC asynchronous motor

d.

conductive disc
usually can be used as a generator,
5. Larger linear electricity generators

e. moving hot gases

through a
are

an

electrically

magnetic field

Task 4. Re-arrange the sentences above into correct sentences

1. Nearly generators all of the power provide for electric power
grids
2. To generate electricity and frequently acceptable generators
make many motors can be mechanically driven.

B. VOCABULARY

Task 4. Choose the right answer below (x)

1. . . . . is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
for use in an external circuit
a. Travo
c. Coal handling system
b. Generator
d. Fuel gas system
2. A magnetohydrodynamic generator directly extracts electric power
from moving . . . . through a magnetic field
a. Hot gases
c. Dry gases
b. Cool gases
d. Cold
3. The first practical design was the AVCO Mk. 25, developed in . . . ..
a. 1965
c. 1967
b. 1966
d. 1967
4. AC motors may be used as . . . . , turning mechanical energy into
electric current
a. Diesel
c. Generators
b. Machine
d. Boiler
5. Larger linear . . . . generators are used in wave power schemes.
a. Electricity
c. Power
b. Electric
d. Electrical

34