CORUS Composite Steel Highway Bridges
CORUS Composite Steel Highway Bridges
CORUS Composite Steel Highway Bridges
Contents
Contents
Acknowledgement of author
Advantages of steel bridges
1
2
Design standards
Conceptual design
2.1 Spans and component lengths
2.2 Cross sections
2.3 Intermediate supports
2.4 Bracings
2.5 Steel grades
2.6 Further guidance
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
Universal beams
3.2.5
List of symbols
References
Figures
Figure 4 Simply supported bridges
Figure 5 Continuous bridges
Figure 6 Continuous bridges
Figure 7 Girder spacing factors
Figure 8 Overall unit weights plate girder bridges
Figure 9 Universal beams elastic stress analysis
Figure 10 Universal beams plastic stress analysis
Leading to
Advantages
Low weight of
superstructure.
Cheaper foundations.
Maximum
pre-fabrication in
factory.
Predictable
maintenance costs.
Low construction
depth.
Slender appearance.
Reduces costs of earthworks
in approaches.
Self supporting
during construction.
Falsework eliminated.
Slab formwork and falsework also avoided using permanent formwork.
Continuous and
integral spans.
Better appearance.
Improved durability.
Improved running surface.
Adaptable details.
Aesthetic gain.
Re-usable product.
Sustainable product.
Design standards
1. Design standards
The current bridge code BS 5400 (Ref. 1) was conceived
in 1967. Its ten parts cover the more common structural
media. The 1980 conference in Cardiff introduced the
Code relating to steel and made use of research carried
out since 1970.
(ii)
are made.
of reasons:
(i)
rolled sections.
Design standards
For example:
(i)
(ii)
intermediate supports.
(class 'G').
(v)
Conceptual design
Conceptual design
2. Conceptual design
2.1 Spans and component lengths
Curved bridges
Multiple spans
Section 2.6).
Integral bridges
Continuous spans
Conceptual design
Box girders
emergency situations.
Fig. 1E) and has been used for wider decks supporting
more lanes.
Conceptual design
composite with the slab and supporting its free end. Over
2.4 Bracings
Conceptual design
DECK WIDTH W
230 TO
1A
Multiple U.B.
(N=4)
250 mm
D
2.5 TO 3.5
230 TO
1B
Multiple P.G.
(N=4)
250 mm
D
1.0 TO 1.75
TYPICAL
300 TO 350 mm
1C
Twin P.G.
Haunch Slab
(N=2)
D
1.0 TO 3.3
4.0 TO 5.5
Figures 1A 1F
Typical deck type cross-sections
Conceptual design
230 TO 320 mm
1D
Twin P.G.
& Stinger
(N=2)
D
6.0 TO 7.0
1.0 TO 3.3
230 TO
1E
Twin P.G.
& Cross Girders
(N=2)
250 mm
>7.0
230 TO
1F
Multiple Box
(N=6)
250 mm
0.9 TO 1.2
2.5 TO 3.5
AT MID-SPAN
AT PIER
Conceptual design
Conceptual design
(i.e. within about 2km from the sea) due to the chloride
3.1 Introduction
(ix)
(xi)
HA loading (BD37).
(a)
construction is intended.
(b)
soffit area.
girder spacing.
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
depth (L/D) ratio for each span based upon the average
adjacent spans.
Mean span L =
L14 + L24...Ln4
n
Reference
figures 9 & 10
Serial
size (mm)
Mass per
metre (kg/m)
914 x 419
388
921.0
343
911.8
289
926.6
253
253
918.4
224
224
910.4
HA
201
903.0
HB
226
850.9
388
343
289
914 x 305
201
226
838 x 292
194
194
840.7
176
176
834.9
197
769.8
173
173
762.2
147
147
754.0
197
170
762 x 267
686 x 254
170
692.9
152
152
687.5
140
140
683.5
125
125
677.9
238
179
149
Af
A fb
A ft
45 units assumed
K af
K tw
Kw
kg/m2
tw
635.8
179
620.2
Number of spans
149
612.4
140
617.2
125
125
612.2
113
113
607.6
101
101
602.6
238
140
610 x 305
610 x 229
box girders)
Notes
(i) Where relevant, symbols correspond with
BS 5400 Part 3.
(ii) Units where relevant are shown in parentheses.
W = 12m
D = 1.75m
Span girder
Pier girder
24m
Span A
Span girder
40m
Span B
Pier girder
Span girder
32m
Span C
Figure 2
Worked example
Span A: 24m
Pier girders
Top flange A ft
= A ft (from Fig. 5) x K af
= 0.006 x 0.85 = 0.0051m2
Top flange A ft
= A ft (from Fig. 6) x K af
= 0.017 x 0.87 = 0.015m2
= A fb(from Fig. 5) x K af
Bottom flange A fb
= A fb(from Fig. 6) x K af
= 0.033 x 0.87 = 0.029m 2
= t w (from Fig. 5) x K tw
Web t w
= 10 x 0.95 = 9.5mm
= t w (from Fig. 6) x K tw
= 16.8 x 0.95 = 16mm
Span B: 40m
Span girder
Steel tonnage
Girder spacing
for end span A:
Top flange A ft
= A ft (from Fig. 5) x K af
= 0.009 x 0.85 = 0.0077m
= 3.0m
L = 1.25 x 24m = 30m
L = 40m
= A fb (from Fig. 5) x K af
L14 + L24...Ln4
Web t w
= t w (from Fig. 5) x K tw
= 10 x 0.95 = 9.5mm
Span C: 32m
W = 9.6m
24m
Figure 3
Worked example
For 4 beams
allowance)
2
1. Left: A9 Bridge
Pitlochry, Scotland
2. Right: A1(M)
Yorkshire, England
References
5. References
1. BS5400, Steel, Concrete and Composite Bridges. British Standards Institution.
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB):
2. DMRB 1.3 BD37 Loads for Highway Bridges.
3. DMRB 1.3 BD13 Codes of Practice for Design of Steel Bridges.
4. DMRB 1.3 BD & BA 57 Design for Durability.
5. DMRB 1.3 BA 42 Design of Integral Bridges.
6. DMRB 2.3 BD7 Weathering Steel for Highway Structures.
7. DMRB 2.3 BA36 The Use of Permanent Formwork.
Steel Construction Institute Publications
8. P163: Integral Steel Bridges Design Guidance.
9. P180: Integral Steel Bridges Design of a Single Span Bridge.
10. P250: Integral Steel Bridges Design of a Multi Span Bridge.
11. Corus Publication Weathering Steel Bridges.
Material Standards (EN)
12. BS EN 10025 Hot Rolled Products of non-alloy structural steels.
13. BS EN 10155 Structural Steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance.
14. BS EN 10164 Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular
to the surface of the product.
Other Standards (BS)
15. BS 5975 Code of Practice for Falsework.
BS 5400
Title
Part
DMRB
MCDHW
Document*
Document**
General Statement
BD15
BD37
BD13
BD 24
BD16
Bridge Bearings
BD20
10
BD9
* Design Manual for Roads and Bridges published by the Stationery Office for the Overseeing Organisations.
** Manual of Contract Document for Highway Work published by the Stationery Office for the Overseeing Organisations.
45
50
55
75
60
50
45
35
25
30
35
25
30
35
40
45
55
50
40
60
55
45
40
65
70
75
600
x
60
65
70
75
650
x
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
500
x
50
55
60
65
70
800
x
65
70
75
1000
x
S = 3.5m
400
x
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
(m2)
Af
20
25
30
Figure 4: Simply supported bridges - flange (at mid-span) and web (at support)
6. Figures
35
Afb
40
Afb
Afb
Span (m)
45
Aft
50
Afb
HA
HB
HA
55
/HB
tw
tw
HB
HA/
HB
HA
Aft
60
30
30
30
30
L/
20
20
20
20
10
11
12
13
14
15
tw (mm)
Figures
70
65
65
60
25
30
35
40
45
50
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
75
70
55
600
x
650
x
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
500
x
400
x
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
S = 3.5m
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
Af
(m2)
25
30
35
Aft
40
Span (m)
Aft
tw
HA/HB
Afb
HA/HB
Afb
45
tw
HA
Afb
50
Afb
HA
HB
HB
55
60
30
30
30
L/
30
20
20
20
20
10
11
12
13
14
15
tw (mm)
Figures
45
50
55
60
1000
x
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
800
x
25
30
35
40
45
50
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
55
70
70
65
75
75
60
600
x
650
x
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
500
x
S = 3.5
400
x
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Af
(m2)
20
25
30
35
Span (m)
40
HA/HB
HA/H
B
A/H
45
HB
HA/
Afb
50
Aft
Aft
Afb
55
tw
tw
L / 30
D
60
30
30
20
20
20
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
tw (mm)
Figures
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Kw
f
Ka
5
Haunch
slab
f
Ka
1.9
no
nly
Stringer
f
Ka
2.0
Fla
n
To
-sp
a
d
mi
Cross girders
L=60
L=40
Ktw
Figures
Kt
Kaf, Ktw, Kw
Kg/m2
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
20
al
b
ea
400
25
30
35
HB
40
Span (m)
45
HA
50
HA
HB
55
HB
HA
HA
HB
60
30
30
30
L /
D
20
20
20
20
Simply supported
Continuous
Un
iv
er
s
Figures
7
19
1
20
17
12
13
14
15
28
9
17
17
79
14
2.2
4
19
2.3
38
2.4
4/2
2.5
19
2.6
2.7
/23
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
22
4
16
17
34
18
28
9
Span (m)
19
20
21
22
23
24
HB
HA
25
Figures
8
38
3
34
38
8
3
25
22
6
253
224
201
173
28
26
27
HA
HB
29
Figures
8
25
38
23
24
34
28
21
34
22
38
22
20
18
53
Span (m)
19
28
20
25
38
7/2
19
4
22
16
20
17
17
38
15
4/2
19
79
0/1
197
176
12
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.1
125
113 101
125
2.8
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
0)
(61
140
2.3
86)
2.9
3.0
15
/14
14
40/
13
7
14
15
9(6
179
)
86
0(6
14
9
14
0)
(61
140
2.4
173
170
14
17
19
6
22
17
22
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