flat belts

Technical Information/
Calculation methods
Contents
Technical information
Lines 1

Top surface/
friction coating

Types 2
Properties 2

Tension member

Storage 2
Availability, standard

Friction coating

sizes and tolerances

Splicing 4
Measurement 5

This brochure includes important

basic information about Siegling
Extremultus and equally power transmission, tangential, folder and carrier,
live roller belts, spindle and machine
tapes.
With excellent damping properties,
Siegling Extremultus flat belts are
resilient, very efficient, exceptionally
robust and durable.
This makes them the ideal power transmission element for dry and also dusty
operating conditions in all sectors of
industry.
Energy consumption is low, they treat
machinery gently and cut costs.

Lines
There are 5 Siegling Extremultus lines
with different tension members.
P line
with a tension member of highlyorientated polyamide sheet or a
tension member of polyamide fabric.
E line
with a thermoplastic polyester fabric
tension member with a high modulus
of elasticity.
A line
with a thermoplastic aramide fabric
tension member with a high modulus
of elasticity.
Elastic line
with elastic tension member

Elongating (tensioning) 6
Flat belt pulleys 7
Maintenance 8
Fitting 8

Key data for power transmission belts

Power transmission
on flat belts 9
Terminology 10
Operating factor
(Overloads/punctual loads) 11
Calculation method 12
Allocation FU to belt type and
basic elongation at fitting C4 13
Allowance C5
(centrifugal force) 18
Shaft load 20
Belt vibrations 21
Bending frequency 21

Endless line
with a tension member of truly endless
polyester cord

Siegling total belting solutions

Calculation example 22

Technical information
Types

Properties

In each line, distinctions are made

between various types according to their
coating materials.

Siegling Extremultus is antistatic, meeting

standard international and many national
regulations on the prevention of electrostatic build-up in explosion-proof areas.

Materials
G = G elastomer
L = Chrome leather
N = Novo (polyester web)
T = Polyamide fabric
U = Urethane
P = Polyamide

Examples of sub-types
GT = G elastomer friction

coating/fabric top surface
GG = G elastomer friction coating

on both faces
LT = Chrome leather friction

covering/fabric top surface
LL = Chrome leather friction
covering on both faces
TU = Urethane friction coating/

fabric top surface
UU = Urethane friction coating

on both faces
UN = NOVO (polyester nonwoven)

top face/

urethane friction coating

European and any relevant national regulations on explosion protection must be

observed: RL 94/4 EC (ATEX), BGR 132 by
the Accident Prevention and Insurance
Association for the German Chemicals
Industry Directives for avoiding ignition
risks due to electrostatic build-up.
Siegling Extremultus sub-types GT, GG,
TG, TU, TT, UU, UN, NN, UG, PU, PP are
impervious to oils and greases as well as
most commercially available solvents. To
ensure however that Siegling Extremultus
functions perfectly, it must be kept free of
oil and grease.
Siegling Extremultus sub-types LL, LT, TT
are impervious to machine oil, diesel fuel,
petrol, benzene, commercially available
solvents such as ethyl acetate, acetone,
etc., chlorinated hydrocarbons such as
perchloro-ethylene, etc.

Storage

Sub-types with leather coverings on one

or both sides can be used where oil and
grease are a factor.
Siegling Extremultus is not impervious to
organic or inorganic acids.
Detailed information about the chemical
resistance is available on request.

Permissible operating temperatures:

P line
E line

(all types)
20/+80 C
(power transmission

and machine tapes) 20/+70 C
A line
(all types)
20/+70 C
Elastic line (elastic machine tapes) 20/+50 C
Endless line (truly endless types) 40/+60 C

Effect of moisture on PA sheet

tension members
The E modulus in polyamide can change
in moist conditions or on contact with
water. If you are using this tension member in extreme ambient conditions, we
recommend you contact Forbo Siegling
application engineers.

Store Siegling Extremultus in a cool but

not too dry ambience, ideally at a standard environment of 20C/50% humidity.

will disappear once elongated by 0.2

to 0.4% so that perfect running is
guaranteed.

When rolled up, do not place material

upright on its edge, but hang it with a
cardboard core over a pipe or something
similar (fig. 1 and 2).

Tangential belts of the P line are

dispatched from our works packaged in
special air-tight bags. Do not open these
bags until the belts are to be fitted.

The material especially the P line can

deform slightly if exposed to humidity or
heat from one side. But this deformation

Do not subject Siegling Extremultus with

G elastomer coating to direct sunlight if at
all possible (might discolour).

Tolerances
Production tolerances (lengths)

Production tolerances (widths)

Production tolerances (punching)

E/A and elastic line

E/A and elastic line

P/E/A and elastic lines

10
120
500

Diameter of hole
Spacing between holes

300
5000
over

5000 mm
15000 mm
15000 mm

0.30%
0.20%
0.15%

5000 mm
15000 mm
15000 mm

0.50%
0.30%
0.20%

120 mm + 0.2/ 0.3 mm

500 mm
1.5 mm
1000 mm
5.0 mm

50 mm
120 mm
500 mm
1000 mm

0.5 mm
1.0 mm

P line

P line
300
5000
over

1.0 mm
2.0 mm
3.0 mm
10.0 mm

Endless line
(truly endless types)

Endless line
(truly endless types)
500
1000
over

10
50
120
500

1000 mm
5000 mm
5000 mm

0.50%
0.40%
0.30%

20

50

100
over

50 mm
100 mm
250 mm
250 mm

1.0 mm
1.5 mm
2.0 mm
3.0 mm

The manufacturing tolerances listed

depend on manufacturing processes.
They do not include any changes in width
or length that could occur after manufacture due to fluctuations in ambient
conditions or other external influences.
Our Forbo Siegling service team will
come and fit belts on request.

E line (machine tapes) and elastic line

(Z-splice 35 x 5.75 and butt splice)
320 300
1090 500

Types

Thickness
max. [mm]

Endless
All lines can be supplied as finished endless belts ready to be fitted.

Splice
angle[]

Lengths and widths available for belts finished endless

(special sizes available on request)

Width
max. [mm]

Availibility

Length
min. (max.)
[mm]

Standard sizes

up to
up to

all
all

Endless line
500 (13800)
700 (10600)

450
250

to type 40
to type 40
to type 40
all
on request
on request

all with GT and GG coating

all with UU coating

width
750 mm
1000 mm

max. length
150 m
75 m

Prepared
For on-site fittings, the P, E and A lines
as well as the elastic types are available
prepared:

E line (power transmission and tangential belts, folder and carrier belts) and A line
(Z-splice 70 x 11.5 und Z-splice 110 x 11.5)

1090
500
all
P line (wedge splice)

750
135
60/90

1280
220
60/90

1380
300
60/90
1450 500 60

2000
750
60

3000
1000
60

Open
The P, E and A lines as well as the elastic
types are available open as roll material:

4.5
4.5
5.0
7.5
7.5
7.5

cut at 90 or 60 angle
one end prepared for splicing
both ends prepared for splicing
On request, our local Forbo Siegling
service team will do the fitting.

Technical information
Splicing/equipment selection
250 mm

Except for the endless line (truly endless types) all

construction types can be shortened, lengthened
and repaired.

250 mm

Manufacturing tolerances Curvature

P line

max. 2 mm (no tension applied)

P line with wedge splice E line with Z-splice

power transmission, folder and carrier belts with
70 x 11.5 mm pitch and 110 x 11.5 mm pitch
machine tapes with 35 x 5.75 mm pitch
A line with Z-splice
power transmission and tangential belts with
110 x 11.5 mm pitch

250 mm

250 mm

Manufacturing tolerances Splice

P, E and A lines

Elastic line
machine tapes with Z-splice 35 x 5.75 mm pitch
or butt splice.

max. 2 mm (no tension applied)

Soiled belt ends must be cleaned with naphta or

white spirits before being spliced.
250 mm

Bulk users may wish to purchase roll material to be

spliced on-site.

250 mm

Detailed information about the finishing equipment

and accessories and splicing instructions are available
on request.

Belt width up to

Splicing equipment

Z-punch cutter (Z-splice)

20 mm

40 mm

60 mm
250 mm

80 mm

150 mm

250 mm

PP-ZP-V/40-3 PP-ZP-V/80-3 PP-ZP-V/80-3 PP-ZP-V/150-6

Grinder (wedge splice)

PG-GM-V/130
PG-GM-V/130
PG-GM-V/230-T
PG-GM-V/230-T

Splice heating device for A line
power transmission and tangential SMX-HC-140/40
SM-HP-140/40
SM-HP-120/130
SM-HP-150/100
belts, belts for live roller conveyors
Splice heating device for E line
spindle tapes
SM-HC-50/40
SM-HC-50/60
layboy tapes
SM-HC-50/60
SM-HC-50/60
power transmission belts
SMX-HC-140/40
SMX-HC-140/40
tangential belts
SMX-HC-140/40
SMX-HC-140/40
belts for live roller conveyors
SMX-HC-140/40
SMX-HC-140/40
folder and carrier belts
SMX-HC-140/40
SMX-HC-140/40

Splice heating device for P line
spindle tapes
SM-HC-50/40
SM-HC-50/60
layboy tapes
SM-HC-50/60
SM-HC-50/60

power transmission and tangential SB-HP-120/50
SB-HP-120/50
belts, belts for live roller conveyors,
folder and carrier belts

PG-GM-V/230-T
SM-HP-120/150

SM-HC-50/80
SM-HP-120/130
SM-HP-120/130
SM-HP-120/130
SM-HP-120/130

SM-HC-50/80
SM-HP-150/100


SM-HP-150/100

SM-HP-120/150

SM-HP-120/150

SM-HC-50/80
(SB-HP-160/100)
SB-HP-160/100

SM-HC-50/80
(SB-HP-160/150)
SB-HP-160/100

SM-HP-120/150
SB-HP-160/150

Measurement
When ordering belts spliced endless,
the length is measured inside, i.e. on the
friction coating.
Place the belt on its edge, affix a steel
tape firmly on its inside (1) or measure
directly over the pulleys (2).

PG-GM-V/230-T

SB-HP-160/150

1
PP-ZP-V/40-3

SM-HC-50/40

PP-ZP-V/150-6

SM-HPS-140/40

Technical information
Elongating (tensioning) the belt
To be able to transmit a given torque
without slip, belts must be elongated
(tensioned) sufficiently. The required
elongation value is calculated according
to the type selected and the belt width
and is specified in percent.

1000

Elongating new belts

With the belt placed flat, draw two thin
lines (1) on the top side.

102

After the belt has been mounted on

the drive, elongate it by increasing the
pulley centre distance (2) until the space
between the measuring marks reaches
the calculated value. Check the elongation by turning the drive several times
and then checking the distance between
the measuring marks.
Example: Distance between measuring
marks for a required 2% belt elongation.
not elongated

1000 mm

500 mm

250 mm

elongated
1020 mm
510 mm
255 mm

To measure the elongation at fitting

simply, use an elongation measuring
device from Forbo Siegling (3).

The calculation produces the elongation

figures. Guideline figures can only be
taken from the table below for applications not used for power transmission.
If requested, the elongation figure can be
stated if A and E line power transmission
and tangential belts are supplied. To
make using them easier, reference measurement marks can already be applied to
these types. After tensioning, elongation
can be checked, after several turns with
the elongation gauge (4) supplied.
Elongating used belts
When a used Siegling Extremultus flat
belt is removed, the same elongation
as before must be selected if the belt is
re-applied.
We recommend marking the position of
the motor on the plinth, or applying
measurement markings to the belt before
slackening it and taking it off.
When you put the belt back on again,
you must restore the original settings to
the motor and original measurement
markings.

Uniform
loads

Machine tape

3.0 8.0

P, E, and A Line
Folder and carrier belt

Machine tape

Belt for live roller
conveyor

Severe intermittent loads

Function

Elastic Line

Intermittent
loads

Line

Recommended values for

elongation (%)

4 Elongation gauge

Tension just enough to ensure

they function properly

Flat belt pulleys (design)

Using flat belt pulleys in line with DIN 111
or ISO/R 100 ensures belt durability,
enhanced efficiency and belt tracking, as
well as low shaft loads.

Crown height h [mm] as per DIN 111

h

Belt pulley
diameter [mm]

The crown height values recommended

by ISO and DIN are not absolutely
identical.
According to these standards, the crown
should have a finish Rz 25 Ra 6.3
(as per DIN EN ISO 4288).
Solid and plate pulleys can be used for
speeds up to Vmax = 40 m/s. Special
pulleys must be used for higher speeds
(e.g. steel, counter-balanced).

Belt pulley
width b [mm]

For pulley diameters > 2000 mm, we

recommend contacting Forbo Siegling
applications engineers about the crown
height.

to
and
and

112
140
180

0.3
0.4
0.5

0.3
0.4
0.5

200
250

and
and

224
355

0.6
0.8

0.6
0.8

400
560
800

to
to
to

500
710
1000

1.0
1.2
1.2

1.0
1.2
1.5

1120
1600

to
to

1400
2000

1.5
1.8

2.0
2.5

d
a

b
f

g
a

b
c

In multi-pulley drives, only the pulleys

that bend the belts in the same direction
should be crowned (these are usually the
pulleys located inside). It is usually sufficient just to crown the largest pulley to
ensure reliable belt tracking.

> 250
h

40
125
160

For drives with horizontal shafts with

ratios of more than 1:3, the smaller pulley
can be cylindrical.
For drives with vertical shafts both pulleys
should be crowned in accordance with
DIN or ISO regardless of the transmission
ratio.

< 250
h

In example 1, we recommend to crown

pulleys a, b, c, d and e. With shorter belts,
however, it is sufficient to crown only
pulleys a and c.

In example 2, we recommend to crown

pulleys a, c and d. With shorter belts,
however, only pulley a would normally
be crowned.

Technical information
Maintenance

Aligning and fitting

GT, GG, TT, TG, TU, UU, NN, UG, PU and PP

belts are maintenance-free.

Aligning of pulleys and shafts

Make certain that pulley faces are clean
of anti-corrosion agents, dirt and oil.

G elastomer, urethane and fabric surfaces

must be kept free of grease and oil to
ensure they function properly.
Please note: Belt cleaning agents must
not be used.
The chrome leather friction layer on the
LT and LL types will lose its special properties if not cared for regularly (or if care
is overdone). Therefore, it should be
checked every 2 to 3 weeks.
The leather surface should be soft, greasy
and matt. If the film of grease has notice
ably worn down since last checked, apply
Siegling Extremultus spray paste. Please
note: never use other spray pastes.
Should the leather already have a hard,
shiny and dry surface or be very soiled,
roughen it up beforehand with a soft wire
brush.
While carrying out this maintenance,
clean the pulleys too.
Should there be a noticeable change in
the appearance of the belt, or unusual
noises develop, we recommend you contact Forbo Siegling immediately.

In such cases, use either mounting cones

(a), screw jack (b) or chain hoist (c only
for the P line).

Before fitting Siegling Extremultus

check parallelism of shafts and align
pulleys, adjusting in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions as needed.
a

Fitting
Note: Never wind Siegling Extremultus
belts over pulley edges or use accessories
which cause edge damage and result in
creasing or tearing of the belt.

Types from the A line are particularly

susceptible to this kind of damage
(due to their aramide tension members).
c

variable centre distances

When fitting the belt, follow the
instructions specified by the machine
manufacturer.

In most cases the centre distance can

be decreased sufficiently to fit the belt
by adjusting one pulley.

fixed centre distances

For drives with fixed centre distances,
the belt length must be selected such
that the necessary elongation has been
achieved after fitting.

c:
1
2
3
4

Clamps
Chain hoist
Protective layer (piece of belt)
Belt width (approx.)

Calculation methods
This brochure contains up to date formulae, figures and
recommendations, based on our longstanding experience.
They concern power transmission between friction layers
elastomer G, or chrome leather and steel/cast iron pulleys.
The results of the calculations can however vary from
those offered by our calculation program B_Rex (download free at www.forbo-siegling.com).

In the majority of cases, the safety factor in calculations in

this brochure will be greater than in the corresponding
B_Rex calculation.
Power transmission belts from the elastic line are not
primarily intended for transmitting power and the relevant
data cannot be calculated using these formulae.

These variations are due to the very different approaches:

While B_Rex is based on empirical measurements and
requires a detailed description of the machinery, the
calculation methods shown here are based on general,
simple physical formulae and derivations, supplemented
by certain safety factors (C2).

Power transmission on flat belts

For force-fit transmission of a given
torque, the high-efficiency flat belt must
apply appropriate contact pressure to the
belt pulleys which is generated by pretension force Fw.
The difference in tension between the F1
and F2 strand forces is compensated for
on the pulleys by creep. The creep and
effective pull diagram below shows this
clearly.

The nominal effective pull Fu for a shaft

load of Fw = 2 Fu can be transmitted
without slippage.
The portion of the creep curve for (100%)
nominal effective pull Fu is linear and
creep is free of any slip. If >150% of the
nominal effective pull is applied to this
belt, the slip threshold is exceeded, the
belt will slip and possibly slide off the
pulleys.

FU

Power transmission, e.g. P line

When transmitting the nominal effective

pull, the Siegling Extremultus creep values are between 0.3% (A line) and 0.6%
(P line).
More detailed background material on
the theory of flat belt gear dimensioning
is available on request.

d1

d2

150 %
Nominal effective pull FU nominal

100 %

Creep area

F1

FW
F2

Creep and slippage area

Slippage area
0

0,6

Creep s [%]

3 45

n2

Calculation methods
Abbreviation

Width of pulley ring

mm

Belt width

b0

mm

Spring constant of the belt

cR N/m

F
Running-in ratio = w initial
Fws

cinitial

Operating factor

C2

Basic elongation at fitting

C4

Elongation supplement for centrifugal force

C5

Diameter of the driving pulley

d1 mm

Diameter of the driven pulley

d2 mm

Diameter of the smallest pulley

dsmall

mm

Shaft distance, distance between shaft centres

mm

Force

F N

Unit

Designation

Terminology

Effective pull to be transmitted

FU N

Nominal effective pull = type

FUnominal N

Transmittable specific effective pull per mm belt width

FU N/mm

Reference force for sizing the belt

FB N

Instantaneous value of the shaft load when tensioning the belt

FWinitial N

Static shaft load in a relaxed state

FWs N

Dynamic shaft load in a relaxed state

FWd N

Bending frequency

fB 1/s

Crown height
Transmission ratio

(i = nn1
2

or

d2
d1 )

mm

Mass moment of inertia

Nms2 or kgm2

Geometrical belt length calculated or measured

mm

Freely vibrating belt length (for vibration calculation)

ls mm

Torque

M Nm

Weight per metre of the belt

mR kg/m

Tensile force tight side of the belt

F1 N

Tensile force slack side of the belt

F2 N

Belt pulley revolutions d1 n1 1/min

Belt pulley revolutions d2 n2 1/min
Power to be transmitted

kW

Belt speed

m/s

Number of pulleys belt winds around

Arc of contact of small pulley

Elongation at fitting required for power transmission

10

Type of drive
Examples of drives

Consistent operation
Small masses to be accelerated
Load-free acceleration
Almost consistent operation
Medium-sized masses to be accelerated
Usually load-free acceleration

Irregular operation
Medium-sized masses to be accelerated
Sudden force

Irregular operation
Large-sized masses to be accelerated
Substantial sudden force
Acceleration under load

Operation factor
C2

Generators with low capacity

Centrifugal pumps
Automatic lathes
Lightweight textile machinery

1.0

Small fans up to 8 kW
Tool machines
Rotary piston compressor
Wood processing machinery
Light and medium-weight
Generators
Grain mills
Multi-stage gearbox
Carding machines
Extruders
Stone frame saws
Screw-type compressors

1.2

Piston pumps, compressors

Degree of uniformity >1:80
Centrifuges
Large pressure pumps
Fans
Kneading machines
Beaters
Crushing mills
Pebble mills
Tube mills
Looms
Wood frame saws
Agitators
Cutting machines wood industry
Vehicle body presses
Conical belts paper industry
Piston pumps, compressors
Degree of uniformity >1:80
Jolters
Excavator drives
Edge runners
Rolling machines
Brick presses
Forging presses
Sheers
Punch presses
Roller mills
Stone crushers
Flakers

1.35

1.7

Depending on drives torque, the following minimum parameters during operation must be kept to:
Drive
Speed-controlled electric motors (e.g. frequency converters)
Electrical motors with Y-delta connection
Electrical motors with mechanical, or hydrodynamic clutch
Pole-changing electrical motors
Combustion engines
Water turbines
Electrical motors, directly switched on without centrifugal clutch

11

Minimum value C2
1.0
1.3

1.7

Operating factor
(Overloads/punctual loads)

Calculation methods
Calculation method

Arc of contact on the small pulley

Known are: P [kW], d1 [mm], n1 [1/min], d2 [mm] and e [mm]

180

60 (d2 d1)
e

[]

or from cos

d2 d1
2 = 2e

If d1 > d2 insert (d1 d2)

Effective pull to be transmitted FU

FU =

Reference force FB
operating factor C2

FB = FU C2 [N]

Specific effective pull FU

type, basic elongation at fitting C4

in diagram of dmin (small pulley diameter), going vertically to the top till the intersection
with line, read off FU, to the left and C4 and type to the right.

Flat belt width b0

b0 =

Normal widths b0 and

smallest recommended pulley width b

Geometrical belt length l

P 1000
v

[N]

v=

d1 n1
19100

[m/s]

C2 from operating factor table (page 11)

FB

[mm]
FU

b0 b
b0 b
b0 b
b0
b [mm]
20 25
70 80
180 200
450 500
25 32
75 90
200 225
500 560
30 40
80 90
220 250
550 630
35 40
85 100
250 280
600 630
40 50
90 100
280 315
650 710
45 50
95 112
300 315
700 800
50 63
100 112
320 355
750 800
55 63
120 140
350 400
800 900

60
71 140
160 380
400 900
1000
65 71
160 180
400 450
1000 1120

l 2e + 1,57 (d1+ d2) +

(d2 d1)2
[mm]
4e

Please note: the length of the belt ordered depends on the tensioning method (see page 8).
If d1 > d2 then instead of (d2 d1) apply (d1 d2)

Elongation at fitting

Shaft load FW

= C4 + C5

At a standstill FWs

FWs = Type b0

While operating FWd

FWd = C4 Type b0

Initial value when tensioning

FW initial

FW initial = Cinitial Type b0

Read of C5 from the table (centrifugal force)

for the belt type selected (page 18/19).

Cinitial see table on page 20

12

FU [N/mm]

Allocation FU to belt type and basic elongation at fitting C4


















Only at low
speeds











P line



Ideal elongation
at fitting











Calculation example
page 22


Type



Type 40 selected





= 143










enlarged area
see below



dsmall = 450 mm






























dsmall [mm]









FU [N/mm]

















Only at low
speeds







P line





Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]

Ideal elongation
at fitting



C4 = 2,25%


















Type











dsmall [mm]

13















Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]



FU [N/mm]

















Calculation methods
If possible avoid
elongation area









E line




























Type

enlarged area
see below





                   

dsmall [mm]

        

Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]






















FU [N/mm]

If possible avoid
elongation area

E line
























Type












dsmall [mm]



























Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]

Info about the E line: where belts have U coating, due to the low structural strength of the urethane, the transferrable effective pull must be reduced by 1/3.
Depending on the type, basic elongation at fitting of > 2.0% is possible, but Forbo Siegling should be consulted.
14

FU [N/mm]
























A line


















Type

enlarged area
see below





                    

FU [N/mm]

dsmall [mm]


























Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]













A line









Type












dsmall [mm]





















Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]

Info about the A line: where belts have U coating, due to the low structural strength of the urethane, the transferrable effective pull must be reduced by 1/3.
Depending on the type, basic elongation at fitting of > 0.8% is possible, but application engineers at Forbo Siegling should be consulted.
15

FU [N/mm]

Calculation methods

















Ideal elongation
at fitting











Endless line
E tension member























Type





                              

dsmall [mm]

Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]

Info about the E line: where belts have U coating, due to the low structural strength of the urethane, the transferrable effective pull must be reduced by 1/3.
The belts can be subjected to extreme stress and when they have a rubber friction layer, they may fall below the diameter thresholds shown in the diagram.
Where heavy-duty drives are concerned, we recommend you talk to Forbo Siegling application engineers.

16

FU [N/mm]





















Ideal elongation
at fitting









Endless line
A tension member















Type















dsmall [mm]























Basic elongation at fitting C4 [%]

Info about the A line: The belts can be subjected to extreme stress and when they have a rubber friction layer, they may fall below the diameter thresholds
shown in the diagram. Under certain conditions, the transferable effective pull can also be increased far above the nominal effective pull. Where heavy-duty
drives are concerned, we recommend you talk to Forbo Siegling application engineers.

17

Calculation methods
Allowances for centrifugal force for basic elongation in fitting in %

Allowance C5 (centrifugal force)

For belt speeds of 70 m/s and higher, we recommend you always ask Forbo Siegling to support you in
selecting the right belt type.
To calculate centrifugal force: = C4 + C5 [%]

v [m/s]
20 30 40 50 60 70


Type 6
0.2 0.3 0.7 1.0
inquire
inquire
[%]

Type 10
0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9
inquire
inquire
[%]

Type 14
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0
inquire
[%]

Type 20
0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0
inquire
[%]

Type 28
0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
inquire
[%]

Type 40
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 [%]

Type 54
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 [%]

Type 80
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 [%]

P line GT
In P line belts, the total elongation at
fitting must not exceed 3%.

P line LT
v [m/s]
20 30 40 50 60 70

In P line belts, the total elongation at

Type 6 0.3
0.6
1.0 inquire inquire inquire [%]
fitting must not exceed 3%.

Type 10 0.2
0.5
0.8 inquire inquire inquire [%]

Type 14
0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0
inquire
inquire
[%]

Type 20
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.0
inquire
[%]

Type 28
0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.9
inquire
[%]

Type 40
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 [%]

Type 54
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 [%]

Type 65
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 [%]

Type 80
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 [%]

v [m/s]
30 40 50


Type 6
0.1 0.15 0.2

Type 10
0.1 0.15 0.2

Type 15
0.1 0.15 0.2

Type 20
0.1 0.15 0.2

Type 25
0.1 0.15 0.2
Type 30
0.1
0.15
0.2

Type 40
0.1 0.15 0.2

E line
In E line belts, the total elongation at
[%]
fitting must not exceed 2.1%.
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]

A line
v [m/s]
40
50

In A line belts, the total elongation at

Type 15
0.05
0.05
[%]
fitting must not exceed 1%.

Type 25
0.05
0.05
[%]

Type 40
0.05
0.05
[%]

18

v [m/s]

40

50

60

Type 10
Type 14
Type 20
Type 28
Type 40

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

v [m/s]
30 40 50 60


Type 10
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Type 14
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Type 20
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Type 28
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Type 40
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]

Endless line with polyester

tension members LT, LL
[%]
In
[%] endless line belts with E tension
[%]
members, the total elongation at fitting
[%]
may not exceed 1.5%. In the case of belt
[%]
speeds over 60 m/s please contact
Forbo Siegling application engineers.

v [m/s]
40 50 60


Type 54
0.05
0.05
0.1
[%]

Type 80
0.05
0.05
0.1
[%]

19

Endless line with polyester

tension members GT, GG, UU
In endless line belts with E tension
members, the total elongation at fitting
may not exceed 1.5%. In the case of
belt speeds over 60 m/s please contact
Forbo Siegling application engineers.

Endless line with aramide

tension members GT, GG, LT
In endless line belts with A tension members, the total elongation at fitting may
not exceed 1%. In the case of belt speeds
over 60 m/s please contact Forbo
Siegling application engineers.

Calculation methods
Shaft load

When fitting at a particular elongation, a

higher shaft load occurs to start with in all
plastic tension members. This initial value
decreases during the first revolutions of
the belt to a steady value that can be
considered constant.
The duration of the running-in process
cannot be predicted because so many
factors are involved. Testing rigs with
2-pulley drives showed that the steady
state was achieved after about 250,000
counter bending processes.

The higher initial shaft load value should

be taken into account by the designer, at
least when dimensioning the shaft bearings based on static loads.
Particularly in the case of strong belts
with polyamide tension members, it is
easier to tension the belts to the calculated elongation at fitting in two stages in

Shaft load

Running-in behaviour of plastic tension

members when constantly elongated

Initial value

Ratio of shaft load initial/steady state

(reference values)

Development of shaft load at constant pretensioning

Belt elongation

Pneumatic, sprung, or weight-loaded

take-up units must tension the belts at
least with the constant force Fwd produced in the calculation. Due to the
running-in behaviour of the tension
members, the appropriate elongation at
fitting is only reached after a certain
running-in period. In other words, the
centre distance will increase slightly
during the running-in period.

Forbo Siegling advises you strongly not

to tension the belts in more than two
stages, otherwise the shaft load-elongation behaviour in the tension members
can change.

Steady state
value

The steady state value of the shaft load is

the basis for calculating the power transmission of a belt.

Running-in behaviour of plastic tension

members when constantly pretensioned

order to reduce the maximum levels of

immediate force.

10

1000

Steady state value

Development of belt elongation at constant pretensioning

Initial value

Line

P line
E line
A line
Endless line

100
Belt running time [h]

10

100
Belt running time [h]

Tension member
initial/steady state reference value
Polyamide sheet
Polyester fabric
Aramide fabric
Polyester filaments

1000

Ratio of cinitial cinitial

2.2
1.8
1.4
1.5

Shaft load FW
FWs = Type b0

[N] (static)

FWd = C4 Type b0

[N] (dynamic)

FW initial = cinitial Type b0

[N] (static)

20

Belt vibrations

Bending frequency

The belt drive is a system that can vibrate.

Due to the way the driving and/or driven
machine operates, the belt can be excited periodically. Transversal or longitudinal
vibrations can occur in the belt.
In order to avoid resonance, the
machines exciter frequency must not be
close to the belts eigenfrequency.

cR

J2

The eigenfrequencies in Siegling

Extremultus flat belts is relatively low
because they have good damping
properties. As a result, resonance rarely
occurs.

The maximum bending frequency

allowed depends on the belt type. Too
high bending frequency will shorten the
service life of the belt. If there is a bending frequency greater than 30 1/s, please
consult Forbo Siegling.

However, we recommend that vibration

calculations are carried out by Forbo
Siegling, in particular for piston compressors, water turbines (Kaplans, Francis),
multiple blade frame saws or similar
components.

Longitudinal eigenfrequency
The longitudinal eigenfrequency of a belt
depends on the spring rate of the belt cR
and on the mass moments of inertia J of
the driving and driven machine.

Resonance is avoided, if there is a difference between the exciter frequency and

eigenfrequency of the system of at least
30%.

J1

In terms of measurement, it is very difficult to show longitudinal vibrations.

cR

ls

d2

d1

Transversal eigenfrequency
The transversal eigenfrequency of a belt
depends on the freely-vibrating belt
length, the force in the belt strand and
the belts weight. As a result, both the
eigenfrequency of the tight side of belt
and the frequency of the slack side of the
belt are to be assessed.
Transversal vibrations are obvious the
belt flaps excessively. This can be avoided
by integrating a fixed tangential roller, or
by changing the shaft distance or belt
tension.

21

Resonance is avoided if there is a difference of at least 20% between the exciter

frequency and the belts eigenfrequency.

The transversal eigenfrequency f of a belt

strand is calculated at
f = 1000
ls

F
4 mR

[Hz]

With the freely-vibrating length

ls =

e2 -

(d2 - d1)2
with d2 d1
4

Calculation methods
Calculation example

Motor capacity

P = 280 kW

Diameter of drive pulleys

d1 = 450 mm

Motor speed

n1 = 1490 1/min

Centre distance

e = 2500 mm

Diameter of driven pulley

d2 = 2000 mm

Speed of drive pulley

n2 = 335 1/min

Ambient conditions are dusty, without presence of oil, normal temperature

Required: Power transmission belt for electrical drive in a gang saw

Arc of contact to the small pulley

= 180 60 (2000 450) = 142.8

2500

Effective pull to be transmitted FU

v = 450 1490 = 35.1 m/s

19100

FU = 280 1000 = 7976 N

35.1

Reference force of the drive FB

As operating factor C2 1.35 is selected from

the table on page 11.

FB = 7976 N 1.7 = 10768 N

Specific effective pull, belt type and

basic elongation at fitting

Due to the ambient conditions, a P line belt with rubber friction coating is selected, as a result the
P line diagram on page 13 is analysed:
FU
45 N/mm

C4 Type
142.8

2.25 %

40

dsmall = 450 mm = d1

Belt width b0

b0 =

Geometrical belt length

l = 2 2500 + 1.57 (450 + 2000) + (2000 450) = 9087 mm

4 2500

Elongation at fitting taking into account

elongation due to centrifugal force

For belt GT 40 P at the speed stated. the allowance for centrifugal force is stated in the P line GT
table on page 18. The elongation at fitting required is therefore:

b0 = 250 mm is selected from the Flat belt

width table on page 12.

10768 N = 239 mm
45 N/mm

C5 = 0.25%
The elongation at fitting required is therefore:
= C4 + C5 = 2.50%

22

Run-in belt during operation:

FWd = 2.25 40 250 = 22500 N

Run-in belt at a standstill:

FWs = 2.5 40 250 = 25000 N

Brand new belt when tensioned for

the first time:

FW initial = 2,2 2.5 40 250 = 55000 N

Shaft loads in different

operational states

Vibration calculation

See comments on the instantaneous value under shaft load in the technical information
on page 20.

Like all crank drives, a gang saw displays irregular power transmission behaviour. It carries out
2 strokes each time the drive pulley turns.

ferr =

335 2 = 11.2 Hz
60

(2000 450) = 2377 mm

Is = 25002
4

Belt GT 40P weights 4 kg/m2; which produces the following figures if the belt is 250 mm wide:
mR = 4 kg/m2 0.25 m = 1 kg/m
Belt force in tight side of belt:
F1 = 2.5 40 250 +

7976 = 28988 N
2

Belt force in the slack side of the belt:

F2 = 2.5 40 250

7976 = 21012 N
2

Transversal eigenfrequency tight side of belt:

f1 =

1000
2377

29488 = 35.8 Hz
41

Transversal eigenfrequency slack side of the belt:

f2 =

1000
2377

21012 = 30.5 Hz
41

The eigenfrequencies of both sides of the belt are much more than 20% away from the exciter
frequency. There is no risk of transversal vibrations (flapping) in the belt.

23

Metrik GmbH Werbeagentur Hannover www.metrik.net

Technologiemarketing Corporate Design Technical Content

Siegling total belting solutions

Forbo Siegling service anytime, anywhere

Ref. no. 316-2

The Forbo Siegling Group employs more than

2,000 people. Our products are manufactured in
nine production facilities across the world.
You can find companies and agencies with warehouses and workshops in over 80 countries.
Forbo Siegling service points are located in more
than 300 places worldwide.

Forbo Siegling GmbH

Lilienthalstrasse 6/8, D-30179 Hannover
Phone +49 511 6704 0, Fax +49 511 6704 305
www.forbo-siegling.com, [email protected]
Forbo Movement Systems is part of the Forbo Group,
a global leader in flooring and movement systems.
www.forbo.com

11/14 UD Reproduction of text or parts thereof only with our approval. Subject to change.

Because our products are used in so many applications and because of

the individual factors involved, our operating instructions, details and
information on the suitability and use of the products are only general
guidelines and do not absolve the ordering party from carrying out
checks and tests themselves. When we provide technical support on the
application, the ordering party bears the risk of the machinery functioning
properly.