Iii MTS

MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS,
COIMBATORE& AVINASHI
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
DEGREE
B.E.
PROGRAMME
MECHATRONICS
REGULATION
R 2008
CLASS/SEMESTER :
III YEAR / V SEMESTER
ACADEMIC YEAR :
2014 - 2015
INDEX
S.No.
Subject Code
Subject
PAGE NO
1.
ME 3301
Design of Machine Elements
03
2.
EC 3302
Power Electronics
18
3.
EC 3303
Sensors and Signal Processing
34
4.
EC 3304
Modeling and Simulation
43
5.
ME 3310
CNC Technology
58
6.
ME 3306
Thermodynamics Principles and Applications
75
ME 3301 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS

SYLLABUS
CLASS/SEM: III MTS /V SEM
UNIT I
DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS
Design Process - Computer aided design - Optimum design - Mechanical properties of

materials - Types of loads - Stresses - Static, varying, thermal, impact and residual - Factors
of safety - Theories of failure Stress concentration factors.
UNIT II
DESIGN OF SHAFTS, KEYS AND COUPLINGS
Design of Solid and Hollow shafts Based on strength, rigidity and deflection- Torsional
rigidity Lateral rigidity- Material constants - Design of Keys Types Keyways Design
of rigid and flexible couplings.
UNIT III
GEARS
Principles of gear tooth action - Gear correction - Gear tooth failure modes - Stresses and
loads Component design of spur, helical, bevel and worm gears. Design of speed reducers.
UNIT IV
BRAKES AND CLUTCHES
Dynamic and thermal aspects of braking Design of brakes - Design of clutches- Single plate
Multi plate Conical clutch.
UNIT V
BEARINGS AND SPRINGS
Design of Bearings Sliding contact Rolling contact Design of Journal Bearings

Calculation of Bearing dimensions Design of helical and leaf springs.
TOTAL = 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES
1. Joseph Edward Shigley and Charles R.Mischke, Mechanical Engineering Design, 6th
Edition, McGraw-Hill
International Edition, 2004.
2. Kulkarni.S.G., Machine Design - Solved Problems, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
3. William Orthwein, Machine Component Design (Vol. I & II), M/s. Jaico Publishing house,
Mumbai, 2003.
4. Maitra.G.M., and Prasad.LN., Hand Book of Mechanical Design, 2nd Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
2005.
MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

QUESTION BANK
ME 3301 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS
CLASS/SEM: III MTS /V
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT I DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. What do you mean by notch sensitivity?

(Nov/Dec 2012)
Notch sensitivity is the degree to which the theoretical effect of stress
concentration is actually
reached.
2. Define stress concentration factor.
(May/June 2013)
Stress concentration factor is the ratio of maximum stress at critical section to
the nominal stress.
3. What are the various phases of design process?
(May/June 2011)
Recognition of need, Definition of problem, Synthesis, Analysis and
optimization, Evaluation
and Presentation.
4. Define principal plane and principal stress.
(May/June 2011)
A plane where only normal stresses act, with no shear stress acting is called
principal plane. The normal stress acting on this plane is called principal stress.
5. Give some examples of reducing stress concentration.
(May/June 2011)
Avoiding sharp corners, Providing fillets, and Undercutting the shoulder parts.
6. Define factor of safety.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
The ratio between maximum stresses to working stress is known as factor of
safety.
7. List the factors to be considered for the selection of factor of safety.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
Factors selection the factors of safety are: Material properties, Natural of load,
Mode of Failure, Presence of initial stress, and Presence of localized stresses.
8. Define the term resilience.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
Resilience is the ability of material to resist absorb energy and to resist shock
and impact load.
9. Why normal stress theory is not suitable for ductile materials?
(Nov/Dec 2009)
Ductile materials mostly fail by shearing. But this theory considers only
tensile or compressive stresses. So, this is not suitable for ductile materials.
10. Define endurance limit.
(May/June 2011)
Endurance limit is the maximum value of completely reversed stress that the
specimen can sustain an infinite number of cycles without failure.
PART B
(5x16=80)
11. (a) The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 10 kN together with a transverse
shear force of 5 kN. Find the diameter of bolt required according to
(i) Maximum principal stress theory; and
(ii) Maximum shear stress theory. Take permissible tensile stress at elastic limit as
100MPa and Poissons ratio is 0.3
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
(b) The bending stress in a machine part fluctuates between a tensile stress of
280N/mm2 and a compressive stress of 140N/mm2. .What should be the minimum
Ultimate tensile strength of this part to carry this fluctuation indefinitely according
to Goodmans formula. Factor of safety is 1.75. Assume that the yield point is
60% of the ultimate tensile strength.
(May/June 2011)
12. (a) A mild steel shaft of 50mm diameter is subjected to a bending moment of
2000Nm and a torque T. If the yield point of the steel in tension 200MPa.,find the
maximum value of this torque without causing yielding of the shaft according to
(i) The maximum principal stress;
(ii) The maximum shear stress; and
(iii) The maximum distortion strain energy theory of yielding.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
(b) A hot rolled steel shaft is subjected to a torsional moment that varies from 330 Nm counter clockwise and an applied bending moment at a critical section varies
from 440 N-m to 220N-m.The shaft is uniform cross section. Determine the
required shaft diameter. The material has an ultimate strength of 550MN/m2 and
yield strength of 410MN/m2.Take the endurance limit as half the ultimate
strength , factor of safety 2,size factor of 0.85 and surface finish factor of 0.62.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
13. (a) A circular cross section C45 steel member is subjected to an axial load that varies
from -1000N to +2500N and the torsional moment that varies from 0 to
+500Nm.Assume a factor of safety of 1.5.Calculate the required diameter of the
member for indefinite life.
(May/June 2013)
(OR)
(b) The piston rod of a steam engine is 50 mm in diameter and 600 mm long. The
diameter of the piston is 400 mm and the maximum steam pressure is 0.9 N/mm2.
Find the compression of the piston rod, if the youngs modulus for the material
of the piston rod is 210 kN/mm2.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
14. (a) Determine the thickness of a 120mm wide uniform plate for safe continuous
operation if the plate is to be subjected to a tensile load that has a maximum value
of 250kN and a minimum value of 100kN.The properties of plate materials are
as follows: Endurance limit stress is 225MPa and Yield point stress is
300MPa.The factor of safety based on yield point may be taken as 1.5.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(OR)
(b) Determine the diameter of a circular rod made of ductile material with an
endurance limit is 25MPa and tensile yield strength of 350MPa.The member is

subjected to a varying axial load from -300kN to 700kN and has a stress
concentration factor is 1.8.Take factor of safety as 2.
(May/June 2009)
15. (a) A hot rolled steel shaft of 40mm diameter is subjected to a torsional moment that
varies from 330Nm to -100Nm and an applied bending moment which rises from
440Nm to 220Nm. The material of the shaft has an ultimate strength of 550
MN/m2 and yield strength of 410MN/m2. Find the approximate factor of safety
using Soderberg equation allowing endurance limit to be half the ultimate strength
and size factor and surface finish to be 0.85 and 0.62 respectively. (Nov/Dec 2006)
(OR)
(b) A simply supported beam has a concentrated load at the centre which fluctuates
from a value of P to 4P. The span of the beam is 500mm an its cross section is
circular with a diameter of 60mm. taking for the beam material an ultimate stress
of 700Mpa, a yield stress of 500Mpa, Endurance limit of 300Mpa fro reversed
bending and a factor of safety of 1.3, calculate the Maximum values of P. Take a
size of factor of 0.85 and a surface finish factor of 0.9.
(Nov/Dec 2006)

QUESTION BANK
ME 3301 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMNTS
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT II DESIGN OF SHAFTS, KEYS AND COUPLINGS
PART-A
(10x 2=20)
1.What is the advantage of gear coupling?

(Nov/Dec 2006)
Gear coupling is a rigid coupling with some flexibility because of using
curved external teeth, strength of gear coupling is very high, and most compact
coupling for high power transmission.
2.Why a hollow shaft has greater strength and stiffness than solid shaft of equal
weight?
(May/June 2008)
Stresses are maximum at the outer surface of a shaft. A hollow shaft has
almost all the material concentrated at the outer circumference and so has a better
strength and stiffness for equal weight.
3.Differentiate between keys and splines.
(May/June 2009)
Key: a shaft which is having single keyway. Keys are used in couplings.
Splines: a shaft which is having multiple keyways. Splines are used in automobiles
and machine tools.
4.Define the term critical speed.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
The speed at which the shaft runs so that the additional deflection of the shaft
from the axis of rotation becomes infinite, is known as critical or whirling speed.
5.Under what circumstances flexible couplings are used.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
They are used to join the abutting ends of shafts when they are not in exact
alignment. They are used to permit an axial misalignment of the shafts without under
absorption of the power, which the shafts are transmitting.
6.What is coupling?
(May/June 2009)
The elements which join two shafts are known as couplings. It is used to
connect sections of long transmission shafts to the shaft of a driving machine.
7.What is significance of slenderness ratio in shaft design?
(Nov/Dec 2008)
If slenderness ratio (l/k) is increased the shaft deviates from its stub behavior
and it is essential to consider buckling while designing the shaft.
8.State the purpose of rubber bush in bushed pin flexible coupling.(May/June 2013)
The rubber bush is provided with a brass lining to avoid excessive wear of
bushed pin flexible coupling.
9.Where are flexible couplings used?

(May/June 2004)
Automotive drives, Machine tools, Stationery machinery, and Vehicle.
10. List the various failures occurring in sunk keys.
Shear failure, and Crushing failure.
PART-B
(May/June 2004)
(5X 16=80)
11. (a) A shaft is to transmit 50kW at 1200rpm. It is also subjected to a bending moment of
275 N-m. Allowable shear stress is 60N/mm2. The shaft is not to twist more than 2 in
a length of 2m. Design the shaft. Take G = 80*103N/mm2.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(OR)
(b) Design a cast iron flange coupling for a mild steel shaft transmitting 90kW at 250rpm.
The allowable shear stress in engine shaft is 40MPa and the angle of twist is not to
exceed 1 in a length of 20 diameters. The allowable shear stress in the coupling bolts is
30MPa.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
12. (a) A rigid type of coupling is used to connect two shafts transmitting 15kW at
200rpm. The shaft keys and bolts are made of C45 steel and the coupling is cast iron.
Design the coupling.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(OR)
(b) A mild steel shaft transmits 23kW at 200rpm. It carries a central load of 900N and is
simply supported between the bearings 2.5metres apart. Determine the size of the shaft,
if the allowable shear stress is 42MPa and the maximum tensile or compressive stress
is not to exceed 56MPa. What size of the shaft will be required, if it is subjected to
gradually applied loads?
(Nov/Dec 2007)
13. (a) Design a bushed-pin type of flexible coupling to connecting a motor and pump shaft
for the following data: Power = 20kW; Speed = 1000rpm;Shaft diameter=50mm
Bearing pressure for rubber bush = 0.3N/mm2.
(May/June 2003)
(OR)
(b) A shaft and the flange of a marine engine are to be designed for flange coupling, in
which the flange is forged on the end of the shaft.The following particulars are to be
considered in the design: Power of the engine=3MW; Speed of the engine is 100rpm;
Permissible shear stress in bolts and shaft = 60 MPa; Number of bolts used as 8; Pitch
circle diameter of bolt is 1.6 * Diameter of shaft, Find
(i) Diameter of shaft;
(ii) Diameter of bolts;
(iii) Thickness of flange; and
(iv) Diameter of flange.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
14. (a) It is required to design a rigid type of flange coupling to connect two shafts. The input
shaft transmits 37.5 kW power at 180 rpm to the output shaft through coupling. The
service factor for the application is 1.5, i.e. the design torque is 1.5 times of rated
torque. Select suitable materials for various parts of the coupling, design the coupling
and specify the dimensions of its components.
(May/June 2013)
(OR)
(b) Design a protective type flange coupling to connect two shafts to transmit 15 kW at
600 rpm.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
15. (a) A split muff coupling is used to connect two shafts transmitting 15KW at
200rpm.The shaft, keys and bolts are made of steel and the coupling is of cast iron.
Design the coupling.
(May/June 2013)
(OR)
(b) Design and draw a cast iron flange coupling for a shaft of 80mm diameter
transmitting 90kW at 250rpm. The allowable shear stress in shaft is 40MPa.The
allowable shear stress in the coupling bolt is 30 MPa. and for the hub material is
14 MPa.
(May/June 2011)

QUESTION BANK
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT III GEARS
PART-A
(10x 2=20)
1.Define module.
(May/June 2013)
It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth.
2.What is backlash in gear teeth?
(May/June 2013)
It is difference between the tooth space and the tooth thickness along the pitch
circle.
3.What are commonly used materials for worm and wheel?
(May/June 2007)
Worm material: Steel, case hardened steel, and hardened molybdenum steel.
Worm wheel material: Cast iron, and phosphor bronze.
4.Mention a few gear materials.
(May/June 2009)
Metallic gears: Steel, Cast iron, and Bronze.
Non-metallic gears: Wood, compressed paper and synthetic resins.
5.What is Herringbone gear?
(Nov/Dec 2005)
Herringbone gear or double helical gear consists of teeth having a right and
left handed helix cut on the same blank.
6.State the Law of Gearing.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
The law of gearing states that for obtaining a constant velocity ratio, at any
instant of teeth the common normal at each of contact should always pass through a
pitch point, situated on the line joining the centers of rotation of the pair of mating
gears.
7.State the advantage of worm gear drive in weight lifting machines.
(May/June 2008)
The worm gear drives are irreversible. It means that the motion cannot be
transmitted from worm wheel to the worm. This property of irreversible is
advantageous in load hoisting applications like cranes and lifts.
8.What is pressure angle?
(May/June 2006)
Pressure angle is the angle between the common normal to two gear teeth at
the point of contact and the common tangent at the pitch point.
9.Why is the efficiency of worm gear drive comparatively low?
(Nov/Dec 2007)
The efficiency of worm gear drive is lower because of power loss due to
friction caused by sliding.
10. What are the advantages of helical gear over spur Gear?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
Helical gears produce less noise than spur gears, helical gears have a greater
load capacity than equivalent spur gears.
PART-B
(5x16=80)
11. (a) Design a straight spur gear drive to transmit 8 kW. The pinion speed is 720 rpm
and the speed ratio is 2. Both the gears are made of the same surface hardened
carbon steel with 55 RC and core hardness less than 350BHN.Ultimate strength
is720 N/mm2 and yield strength is 360 N/mm2.
(May/June 2006)
(OR)
(b) Design a pair of bevel gears for two shafts whose axis are at right angles. The
power transmitted is 25 kW. The speed of pinion is 300rpm and of the gear is
120rpm. Select the materials and design the drive.
(May/June 2006)
12. (a) Design a worm gear drive to transmit 22.5 kW at a worm speed of 1440 rpm.
Velocity ratio is 24: 1. An efficiency of at least 85% is desired. The temperature
rise should be restricted to 40C. Determine the required cooling area.
(May/June 2006)
(OR)
(b) Design a spur gear drive to transmit 22 kW at 1000 rpm. Speed reduction is 2.5.
The materials are: pinion C 45, gear wheel : CI Grade 30. Design the drive.
(May/June 2004)
13. (a) Design a worm gear drive to transmit 18 kW at a worm speed of 1440 rpm. The
speed ratio is 24. The minimum required efficiency of the drive is 90%. Check the
design for heat dissipation.
(May/June 2004)
(OR)
(b) Design a pair of helical gears to transmit 30 kW power at a speed reduction ratio
of 4: 1. The input shaft rotates at 2000 rpm. Take helix and pressure angles equal
to 25 and 20 respectively. The number of teeth on the pinion may be taken as 30.
(Nov/Dec 2005)
14. (a) A worm drive transmits 15 kW at 2000 rpm to a machine carriage at 75 rpm. The
worm is triple threaded and has 65 mm pitch diameter The worm gear has 90 teeth
of 6 mm module. The tooth form is to be 20 full depth involute. The coefficient of
friction between the mating teeth may be taken as 0.10. Calculate:
(May/June 2011)
(i) Tangential force acting on the worm;
(ii) Axial thrust and separating force on worm; and
10
(iii) Efficiency of the worm drive.

(OR)
(b) Design a spur gear pair to transmit 20 kW at 1000 rpm. Speed reduction is 3. Take
pressure angle as 20 and working life of gears are 12,000 hours. Choose suitable
materials.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
15. (a) A worm drive transmits 15 kW at 2000 rpm to a machine carriage at 75 rpm.
Design the worm drive selecting suitable materials and specify all the dimensions.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
(OR)
(b) Design a pair of helical gears to transmit 30 kW at a speed reduction ratio of 4:1.
The input shaft runs at 2000 rpm. Both pinion and gear are 15Ni2Cr1Mo15 under
carburized condition.
(May/June 2007)
11

QUESTION BANK
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT IV BEARINGS AND SPRINGS
PART-A
(10x 2=20)
1.State the disadvantages of thrust ball bearings.
(Nov/Dec 2009)
High initial cost, less capacity to withstand shock, life is finite, noisy operation
at very high speed, and design of bearing housing is complicated.
2.What is the advantage of Teflon which is used for bearings?
(May/June 2008)
Teflon has high fatigue strength, hardness and more resistant to abrasive wear.
3.Define spring rate.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
The ratio of mean or pitch diameter to the diameter of wire for the spring is
called spring rate.
4.What is surge in springs?
(May/June 2011)
The material is subjected to higher stresses, which may cause early fatigue
failure. This effect is called as spring surge.
5.List some of the materials used for springs.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
High carbon steels, Brass, Medium carbon alloy steel, Phosphor bronze and
Stainless steel.
6.What is buckling of springs?
(May/June 2011)
The helical compression spring behaves like a column and buckles at a
comparative small load when the length of the spring is more than 4 times the mean
coil diameter.
7.Define Belleville Springs.
(May/June 2011)
They are made in the form of a cone disc to carry a high compressive force. In
order to improve their load carrying capacity, they may be stacked up together. The
major stresses are tensile and compressive.
8.What is known as self-acting bearing?
(Nov/Dec 2007)
The pressure is created within the system due to rotation of the shaft known as
self-acting bearing.
9.What is a journal bearing?
(May/June 2011)
A journal bearing is a sliding contact bearing which gives lateral support to the
rotating shaft.
12
10. What are the required properties of bearing materials?

(May/June 2011)
High compressive strength, low coefficient of friction, high thermal
conductivity, high resistance to corrosion, sufficient fatigue strength, and low
modulus of elasticity.
PART-B
(5x16=80)
11. (a) A helical compression spring made of circular wire, is subjected to an axial force,
that varies from 2.5 kN to 3.5 kN. Over this range of force, the deflection of the
spring should be approximately 5 mm. The spring index can be taken as 5. The
spring has square and ground ends. The spring is made of patented and cold drawn
steel wire with ultimate strength of 1050 N/mm2 and modulus of rigidity of 81370
N/mm2. The permissible shear stress for the spring wire would be taken as 50% of
the ultimate tensile strength. Design the spring.
(May/June 2013)
(OR)
(b) Following data is given for a 360 hydrodynamic bearing: Journal diameter =
100mm, bearing length = 100mm, radial load = 50kN, Journal speed = 1440 rpm,
radial clearance = 0.12 mm and viscosity of lubricant = 16cP. Calculate:
(May/June 2013)
(i) Minimum film thickness
(ii) Coefficient of friction and
(iii) Power lost in friction.
12. (a) A full journal bearing of 50 mm diameter and 100 mm long has a bearing pressure
of 1.4 N/mm2. The speed of the journal is 900 rpm and the ratio of journal
diameter to the diameter clearance is 1000. The bearings are lubricated with oil
whose absolute viscosity at the operating temperature is 35C. Find ;
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(i) The amount of artificial cooling required, and
(ii) The mass of the lubricating oil required, if the difference between the outlet and
inlet temperature of the oil is 10C. Take specific heat of the oil as 1850 J/kg/C.
(OR)
(b) Design a leaf spring for the following specifications: Total load 140 = kN;
Number of spring supporting the load = 4; Maximum number of leaves = 10;
Span of the spring = 1000 mm; Permissible deflection = 80 mm. Take Youngs
modulus. E = 200 kN/mm2 and allowable stress in the spring material as 600 MPa.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
13
13. (a) Design a compressive helical spring to exert a minimum force 250N and
maximum force of 600N and the deflection for this change in load to be 15mm.
The spring must fit in a hole of 30mm diameter. The load is static. Ultimate tensile
stress is 1150MPa and shear stress is 550MPa.
(May/June 2011)
(OR)
(b) Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump from the following data: Load on
the journal = 20000N; Speed of the journal =900rpm; Type of oil is SAE 10, for
which the absolute viscosity at55C = 0.017kg/m-s; Ambient temperature of oil=
15.5C; Maximum bearing pressure for the pump is 1.5N/mm2.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
14. (a) Design a leaf spring for a truck to the following specifications :
Maximum load on the spring = 140kN
Number of spring
=4
Material
= Cr-Ve Steel
Permissible tensile stress
= 600N/mm2
Maximum number of leaves
= 10
Span of spring
= 100mm
Permissible deflection
= 80mm
Youngs modules of the spring = 2*105 N/mm2
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
(b) The load exerted on a journal bearing turbine shaft of 300mm diameter running at
1800 rpm is 150kN. Determine the following:
(May/June 2011)
(i) Length of the bearing if the allowable bearing pressure is 1.6 N/mm2 and
(ii) Amount of heat to be removed by the lubricant per minute if the bearing
temperature is 60C and viscosity of the oil at 60C is 0.02 kg/m-s and bearing
clearance is 0.25mm.
15. (a) Design a compression spring for a static load for the given data; the spring must
give a minimum force of 455 N and a maximum force of 682 N over an adjustment
range of 18.75 mm deflection. Use the least expensive, unpeened, cold drawn
spring wire (ASTM A227) since the loads are static. Ultimate strength = 1318
MPa, Modulus of rigidity G = 79.6 GPa. Mass density = 8300 kg/m3.
(May/June 2004)
(OR)
(b) Design a coil spring to carry a load of 500 N with an allowable deflection of 25
mm. the spring index may be taken as 6. Suitable material may be assumed with a
factor of safety 3.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
14

QUESTION BANK
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT V BRAKES AND CLUTCHES
PART-A
(10x 2=20)
1. What is self locking in a brake?

(Nov/Dec-2011)
When a frictional force is sufficient enough to apply the brake with no
external force, than the brake is said to be self-locking brake.
2. Name few commonly using friction materials.
(May/June 2011)
Wood, cork, leather, asbestos based friction material and powdered metal
friction materials.
3. What is meant by self-energizing brakes?
(May/June2011)
When the moment of applied forced and the moment of the frictional force are
in same direction, then the frictional force helps in applying the brake this type of
brake is known as a self energizing brake.
4. When do we use multiple disk clutches?
(May/June 2010)
A multiple clutch is used when large amount of torque is to be transmitted. In
a multiplate clutch, the number of frictional linings and the metal plates are increased
which increases the capacity of the clutch to transmit torque.
5. Why is it necessary to dissipate heat generated during clutch operation?
(Nov/Dec 2009)
When clutch engages, most of the work done will be liberated as heat at the
inter face. Consequently the temperature of the rubbing surface will be increase. This
increased temperature may destroy the clutch. So heat dissipation is necessary in
clutches.
6. What are the effects of temperature rise in clutch?
(Nov/Dec 2007)
Excessive surface temperature results in premature clutch failure
In case of metallic clutch plates, high temperature existing at the rubbing

interface may causes the individual plates to be welded together.
In non-metallic clutch plates, the high temperature can cause excessive wear.
7. How the uniform rate of wear assumption is valid for clutches?

(May/June 2008)
In clutch, the value of normal pressure, axial load for the given clutch is
limited by the rate of wear that can be tolerated in the brake linings. Moreover, the
assumption of uniform wear rate gives a lower calculated clutch capacity then the
15
assumption of uniform pressure .Hence clutch are usually designed on basis of

uniform wear.
8.What is fade?
(Nov/Dec 2004)
When the brake is applied continuously over a period of time, the brake
becomes overheated and the coefficient of friction drops. This results in sudden fall of
efficiency of the brake. This phenomenon is known as fade or fading.
9.Why should the temperature rise be kept within the permissible range in brakes?
(May/June 2005)
Because the temperature rise beyond the permissible range in brakes will
cause excessive wear, distortion of the brake linings, and surface cracks due to
thermal stresses.
10. Name four materials used for lining of friction surfaces in clutches.
(May/June 2005)
Wood, Leather, Asbestos friction materials and powdered metal friction
materials.
PART-B
(5x16=80)
11. (a) A 50 kg wheel, 0.5 m in diameter turning at 150 rpm in stationery bearings are
brought to rest by pressing a brake shoe radially against the rim with a force of
100 N. If the radius of gyration is 0.2 m, how many revolutions will the wheel
make before coming to rest. Assume that the coefficient of friction between shoe
and rim has the steady value of 0.25.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
(OR)
(b) A multi disk clutch consists of two steel disks with one bronze disk. The inner and
outer diameters of the contacting surface are 200 and 250 mm respectively. The
coefficient of friction is 0.1 and the maximum pressure between contacting
surface is limited to 0.4 N/mm2. Assuming uniform wear theory, calculate the
required operating force and the power transmitting capacity at 720 rpm.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
12. (a) A single plate clutch consists of only one pair of contacting surfaces. It is used for
an engine that develops a maximum torque of 120 N-m. Assume a factor of safety
of 1.5 to account for slippage at full engine torque. The permissible intensity of
pressure is 350 kPa and the coefficient of friction is 0.35. Assuming uniform wear
theory, calculate the inner and outer diameters of the friction lining.
(May/June 2006)
(OR)
16
(b) A single band brake is operated by a lever of length 500mm long. The brake drum
has diameter of 500mm and the brake band embraces 5/8 of the circumference.
One end of the is attached to the fulcrum of the lever while the other is attached to
a pin on the lever 100mm from fulcrum. If the effort applied to the end of the lever
is 200 N and the co-efficient of friction is 0.25, then design the simple band brake.
(Nov/Dec 2009)
13. (a) A single plate clutch, effective on both sides, is required to transmit 25 kW at 3000
rpm. Determine the outer and inner diameters of frictional surface if the coefficient
of friction is 0.255, ratio of diameters is 1.25 and the maximum pressure is not to
exceed 0.1 N/mm2. Also, determine the axial thrust to be provided by the springs.
Assume theory of uniform wear.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
(b) Determine the capacity and the main dimension of the double block brake for the
following data: The brake sheave is mounted on the drum shaft. The hoist with its
load weights 45kN and moves downwards with a velocity of 1.15mps (i.e.,
1.15m/s). The pitch diameter of the hoist drum is 1.25m. The hoist must be
stopped within a distance of 3.25m. The kinetic energy of the drum may be
neglected.
(May/June 2011)
14. (a) A multiplate disc wet clutch is to be designed for a machine tool driven by an
electric motor of 12.5 kW running at 1440 rpm. Space restrictions limit the
outside disc diameter to 100 mm. determine the appropriate values for disc inside
diameter, total number of discs, and clamping force.
(May/June 2004)
(OR)
(b) A differential band brake is to be designed for a winch lifting a load of 45 kN
through a rope wound round a barrel of 500 mm diameter. The brake drum is to be
600 mm diameter and the angle of lap of the brake band over the drum is 250
approximately. Determine the width and thickness of the band. (Operating arms of
the brake are 40 mm and 200 mm. Operating lever is 1.5 m long)(May/June 2004)
15. (a) A multi-disc clutch has 3 discs on the driving shaft and 2 on the drive shaft is to be
designed for a machine tool, driven by an electric motor of 22kW running
at1440rpm the inside diameter of the contact surface is 130mm. The maximum
pressure between the surface is limited to
0.1 N/mm2. Design the clutch.
Take =0.3; n1=3; n2=2.
(May/June 2011)
(OR)
(b) Design a differential band brake for a winch lifting a load of 20 kN through a steel
wire rope wound around a barrel of 600 mm diameter. The brake drum, keyed to
the barrel shaft, is of
800 mm diameter and the angle of lap of the band over the
drum is 240. Operating arms of the brake are 50 mm and 250 mm. Operating lever
is 1.6 m long.
(May/June 2006)
17
EC3302 POWER ELECTRONICS

UNIT I
SYLLABUS
POWER SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICES
Principle of operation Characteristics of power diodes, SCR, TRIAC, GTO, Power BJT,
Power MOSFET and IGBT Thyristor protection circuits.
UNIT II
PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS
Uncontrolled and controlled converters Single phase semi and full converters, 3 phase half
converter and 3 phase full converter effect of source inductance Thyristor triggering
circuits.
UNIT III
DC TO DC CHOPPERS
DC Chopper control strategies Principle of operation step up and step down chopper
quadrant operation Forced commutation different techniques voltage, current and load
commutated choppers triggering circuits.
UNIT IV
INVERTERS
Voltage source inverters series, parallel and bridge inverters PWM techniques
sinusoidal PWM , modified sinusoidal PWM, multiple PWM current source inverters.
UNIT V
AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS AND CYCLOCONVERTERS
Single phase AC voltage controller on - off control and phase control multistage sequence
control step up and step down cycloconverters three phase to single phase and three phase
cycloconverters.
REFERENCES
1. Reshid, M.H., Power Electronics Circuits Devices and Application Prentice Hall
International, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2004.
2. Lander, W., Power Electronics McGraw-Hill and Company, 3rd Edition, 1993.
3. Singh, M.D., Khanchandani, K.B., Power Electronics, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1998.
4. Dubey, G.K., Doradia, S.R., Joshi, A. and Singh, R.M., Thyristorised Power Controllers,
Wiley Eastern Limited, 1986.
5. Mohan Undeland and Robbins, Power Electronics, John Wilry and Sons, New York,
1995.
18

QUESTION BANK
EC3302- POWER ELECTRONICS
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT-I POWER SEMI-CONDUCTOR DEVICES
PART A
(10x2=20)
1. What are the different methods to turn on the thyristor?
(May/ June-2006)
i. Forward voltage triggering
ii. Gate triggering
iii. dv/dt triggering
iv. Temperature triggering and
v. Light triggering
2. Compare MOSFET with BJT.
(May/June-2011)
i. BJT is bipolar device, whereas MOSFET is a unipolar device.
ii. MOSFET has high input impedance, whereas BJT has low input impedance and
iii. MOSFET is a voltage controlled devices, whereas BJT is a current controlled
device.
3. List out the advantages of IGBT over MOSFET.
(May/June-2011)
i. In MOSFET, the three terminals are called gate, drain and source. Whereas the
corresponding terminals of the IGBT are gate, emitter, and collector.
ii. Both are voltage controlled devices and
iii. Both IGBT and MOSFET posses high input impedance.
4. List the various forced commutation techniques used to turn Off SCR.(Nov/Dec-2013)
i. Load commutation
ii. Resonant commutation
iii. Complementary
iv. Impulse commutation and
v. External pulse commutation.
5. What is the function of snubber circuit?
(May/June-2007)
It consists of a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor in parallel with the
thyristors. It is mainly used for dv / dt protection.
6. Define latching & holding current.
(Apr/May-2011)
Latching Current-The latching current is defined as the minimum value of anode current
which it must attain during turn on process to maintain conduction when gate signal is
removed.
Holding Current-The holding current is defined as the minimum value of anode current
below which it must fall to for turning off the thyristor.
19
7. What are the methods to turn-ON the SCR?

i. Forward voltage triggering
ii. Gate triggering
iii. dv/dt triggering and
iv. Light triggering.
(Apr/May-2011)
8. Define GTO.
(Nov/ Dec 2012)
GTO stands for Gate turn OFF thyristor. The GTO can be turned ON by a positive
gate signal and can also be turned off by a negative gate signal.
9. What is reverse recovery time?
(May/June-2008)
After the forward diode current decays to zero, the diode continues to conduct in
reverse direction because of the pressure of stored charges in the depletion region and the
semiconductor layers. The reverse current flows for a time called reverse recovery time.
10. Distinguish between SCR and TRIAC.
S. No
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
(May/June 2007)
SCR
It is unidirectional semiconductor
device.
It has fast turn-off time.
It can be used to switch AC supply
frequencies up to few KHz.
It is triggered by positive voltage
applied to the gate.
TRIAC
It is a bi-directional semiconductor device.
It has a comparatively longer turn -off
time.
It can be used to switch AC supply
frequencies up to 40Hz only.
It is triggered by either positive or
negative voltage applied to the gate.
PART-B
(5x16= 80)
11. a) i) Compare the performance characteristics of MOSFET with BJT

(Apr/May2011)
ii) Explain various modes of operation of GTO and its application.
(Apr/May2011)
(OR)
b) Discuss the operation of power MOSFET and explain the transfer, output and
switching characteristics of power MOSFET.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
12. a) Explain the switching performance of BJT with relevant waveforms indicating clearly
the turn on, turn off times and their components.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
(OR)
b) i) Explain the principle of operation & V-I characteristics of TRIAC with diagram
(May/June 2011)
ii) With neat sketch, explain the operation and characteristics of IGBT.
(May/June 2011)
20
13. a) Explain the switching characteristics of IGBT.

(OR)
b) i) Explain the steady state & switching characteristics of SCR
ii) Describe the various methods of thyristor turn on.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(May/June 2007)
(Nov/Dec 2008)
14. a) Explain the Natural commutation and Forced commutation in detail. (May/June 2007)
(OR)
b) With a diagram how the Snubber circuit protects the thyristor.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
15. a) i) Draw and explain the forward characteristics of SCR using two transistor model.
ii) Compare any six salient features of MOSFET with IGBT.
(May/June 2007)
(OR)
b) Explain with diagram the various modes of working of TRIAC.
(May/June 2007)
21

QUESTION BANK
CLASS/SEM: III MTS / V SEM
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT-II PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS
PART- A
(10x2=20)
1. Why we need three phase controlled rectifier?
(Nov/Dec-2012)
Phase controlled rectifier used to convert fixed voltage into controlled variable output
voltage.
2. What is the input power factor value of single phase semi-converter? (Nov/Dec 2012)
The input power factor is defined as the ratio of the total mean input power to the total
RMS input volt-amperes. PF = (V1I1cos1) / (VrmsIrms), where V1 = phase voltage, I1 =
fundamental component of the supply current, 1 = input displacement angle, Irms
=
supply RMS current.
3. What is the function of freewheeling diode in Semi converter? (Jan 2005,2006,2011)
i. It serves two processes.
ii. It prevents the output voltage from becoming negative and
iii. The load current is transferred from the main thyristors to the freewheeling diode,
thereby allowing all of its thyristors to regain their blocking states.
4. Mention the applications of phase controlled rectifiers.
(May/June-2006)
i. DC traction system, ii. Steel rolling mills and iii. Magnet power supplies.
5. What is the duty cycle in ON-OFF control method?
Duty cycle K = n/ (n + m),
Where, n = no. of ON cycles, m = no. of OFF cycles
(Nov/Dec-2006)
6. What is meant by 2 pulse converter?

(Apr/May-2011)
Two pulse converter is defined as two triggering pulses or two sets of triggering
pulses are to be generated during every cycle of the supply to trigger the various SCRs.
7. What is meant by inverting mode of operation in a fully controlled rectifier?
(Apr/May-2011)
0
In single phase full converter > 90 the voltage at the dc terminal is negative.
Therefore, power flows from load to source & the converter operates as line commutated
inverter. Source voltage Vs is negative & Current is positive. This is known as inversion
mode or synchronous mode.
22
8. What is meant by inversion mode?

(Nov/Dec-2006)
0
In single phase full converter > 90 the voltage at the dc terminal is negative.
Therefore, power flows from load to source & the converter operates as line commutated
inverter. Source voltage Vs is negative & Current is positive. This is known as inversion
mode or synchronous mode.
9. Define voltage ripple factor.
(Nov/Dec -2006)
It is defined as the ratio of the net harmonic content of the output voltage to the
average output voltage.
10. What are the two methods of control in AC voltage controllers?
i. ON-OFF control and ii. Phase control
PART-B
(Apr/May-2011)
(5x16= 80)
11. a) i) Explain the effect of source inductance in controlled rectifiers.
ii) Drive the expressions for average output voltage and RMS output voltage of single
phase semi-conductor.
(May-2011)
(OR)
b) Write the expression for 1 full converter with RL load.
(Nov/Dec-2006)
12. a) A resistive load of 10 is connected through a half-wave SCR circuit to 220V, 50 Hz,
single phase source. Calculate the power delivered to the load for a firing angle of 60.
Find also the value of input power factor and average output current, RMS value of
Thyristor current.
(May-2011)
(OR)
b) Explain the working principle of three phase full converter.
(Apr/May-2011)
13. a) i) Draw and explain the operation of a single phase half controlled thyristor bridge
converter.
(May 2011)
ii) The full wave controlled bridge rectifier has an ac Input of 120V RMS at 60Hz and a
20 load resistor. The delay angle is 40. Determine 1) Average load voltage 2)
Average load current and 3) RMS load voltage.
(May 2011)
(OR)
b) Explain the working principle of single phase full converter with RL load. (Dec 06)
14. a) With necessary circuit and waveforms, explain the principle of operation of three phase
fully controlled bridge rectifier feeding R-L load and drive the expression for the
average output voltage.
(May/June 2007)
(OR)
b) For the single phase fully controlled bridge is connected to RLE load. The source
voltage is 230 V, 50 Hz. The average load current of 10A continuous over the
working range. For
23
R=0.4 and L=2mH, Compute

i) firing angle for E = 120V
ii) firing angle for E = -120V
(Nov/Dec 2007)
15. a) For a single phase full converter having highly inductive load, drive the following:
i) Displacement factor. ii) Supply power factor. iii) Harmonic factor.

iv) Current distortion factor.
(Au/Model Iii)
(OR)
b) Discuss with the aid of schematic diagram and waveforms, the principle of operation
of a two quadrant two pulse converter in the rectifying and inverting mode of operation.
(Au/Model I)
24

QUESTION BANK
CLASS/SEM: III MTS / V SEM
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT III - DC TO DC CHOPPERS
PART- A
(10x2=20)
1. How the output voltage is controlled in a step down chopper?
(April/May-2013)
Output voltage is controlled by varying duty cycle . = Ton/Toff = duty cycle.
2. What is meant by PWM control in dc chopper?
(Nov/Dec-2012)
In this control method, the on time Ton is varied but chopping frequency is kept
constant. The width of the pulse is varied and hence this type of control is known as Pulse
Width modulation (PWM).
3. What is time ratio control in chopper?
(April/May-2013)
In TRC, the value of Ton / T is varied in order to change the average output voltage.
4. Define duty cycle of dc chopper.
(Nov/Dec-06, 07)
Duty cycle is defined as the ratio of the ON time of the chopper to the total time
period of the chopper.
It is denoted by .
5. What is meant by buck regulator?
(May/June-2007)
In a step- down chopper or Buck converter, the average output voltage is less than the
input voltage.
6. What are the advantages of load commutated chopper?
i. It is capable of commutating any amount of load current.
ii. No commutating inductor is required and
iii. It can work at high frequencies in order of KHZ.
(Nov/Dec-2008)
7. What are the classification of dc to dc converter depending upon the directions of

current and voltage?
(May/June 2006)
Depending upon the direction of current & voltages choppers can be classified into
following types,
i. Type A or First Quadrant chopper
ii. Type B or Second Quadrant chopper
iii. Type C or Two Quadrant type B chopper
iv. Type D or Two Quadrant type C chopper and
v. Type E or Four Quadrant chopper
25
8. Write down the expression for the average output voltage for step up & step down
chopper?
(April/May-2011)
Average output voltage for step down chopper is VO = VS. Average output voltage
for step up chopper is VO = VS x [1/ (1- )].
9. List out the applications of DC chopper.
(April/May-2011)
i. Sub-way cars, ii.Trolley buses, iii. Battery operated vehicles and, iv. Battery
charging
10. What is the basic principle of DC chopper?
(April/May-2011)
A chopper is a high speed on/off semiconductor switch. It connects source to load and
disconnects the load from source at a fast speed. In this manner, a chopped load
voltage is obtained from a constant dc supply.
PART-B
(5x16= 80)
11. a) i)Explain the working principle of step up chopper with necessary circuit & Waveform
and derive the expression for continuous current operation on it (April/May-2013)
ii) In a type A chopper, the input supply voltage is 230 V the load resistance is 10 and
there is a voltage drop of 2 V across the chopper thyristor when it is on. For a duty
ratio of 0.4, calculate the average and RMS values of the output voltage. Also find
the chopper efficiency.
(April/May-2005)
(OR)
b) Explain the working of voltage commutated chopper with relevant voltage and current
waveforms as a function of time.
(Nov/Dec-2008)
12. a) Explain the working of current commutated chopper with the aid of circuit diagram and
necessary waveforms.
(April/May 2008)
(OR)
b) Draw the power circuit for step down DC chopper and explain its operation for
inductive load. What is the role of the freewheeling diode in such chopper?
(Nov/Dec-2012)
13. a) Suggest a firing scheme suitable for turning on the device in a load commutated
chopper and explain its working. Show the output of the firing circuit.
(May/June-2006)
(OR)
b) i) How is the two quadrant operation achieved in a chopper.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
ii) Describe the working of four quadrant chopper.
(April/May 2011)
26
14. a) Explain the different control strategies employed in a DC chopper? Explain them in
detail.
(Nov/Dec-2003, May-2009)
(OR)
b) A DC chopper is connected to an inductive load with resistance of 5 & the input
voltage is 30v the ON and OFF time of the chopper is 20ms & 10ms respectively.
Estimate the duty ratio, chopping frequency, average load voltage and current.
(Nov/Dec-2012)
15. a) Describe the principle of step-up chopper. Derive an expression for the average output
voltage in terms of input dc voltage and duty cycle. State the assumptions made.
(Nov/Dec-03,11)
(OR)
b) A step-up chopper supplies a load of 480 V from 230 V dc supply. Assuming the nonconduction period of the thyristor to be 50 microsecond, find the on time of the
thyristor.
(Nov/Dec-2003,11)
27

QUESTION BANK
CLASS/SEM: III MTS/V SEM
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT IV- INVERTERS
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. What are the advantages of PWM inverter?
(April/May-2008)
i. The output voltage can be obtained without any additional components and
ii. Lower order harmonics can be eliminated or minimized along with its output
voltage control. As the higher order harmonics can be filtered easily, the filtering
requirements are minimized.
2. What are the different types of PWM control?
(April/May-2011)
i. Single pulse width modulation and, ii. Multiple pulse width modulation.
3. What are the methods of voltage control inverters?
i. External control of ac output voltage.
ii. External control of dc input voltage and
iii. Internal control of inverter.
(April/May-2013)
4. What is meant by PWM? List its various techniques.

(Apr/May05,Nov/Dec-2012)
In this method, a fixed dc input voltage is given to the inverter and a controlled ac
output voltage is obtained by adjusting the on and off periods of the inverter components.
This is the most popular method of controlling the output voltage and this method is
termed as PWM control.
5. Give the application of current source inverter.
(April/May-2011)
i. Induction heating. ii. Lagging VAR compensation, iii. Speed control of AC motors
and iv. Synchronous motor starting.
6. What are the advantages of PWM control?
(May/June-2006)
i. The output voltage can be obtained without any additional components and
ii. Lower order harmonics can be eliminated or minimized along with its output
voltage control. As the higher order harmonics can be filtered easily, the filtering
requirements are minimized.
7. Distinguish between VSI and CSI?
S.No
i.
(Nov/Dec-2003,06,11,12)
VSI
CSI
Input voltage is maintained constant Input current is constant but adjustable
28
ii.
The output current does not depend on the

load
iii.
The output voltage does not depend

on the load
The magnitude of the output current
and its waveform depends on the
nature of the load impedance
iv.
It requires feedback diodes
It does not requires feedback diodes
The magnitude of the output voltage and its

waveform depends on the nature of the load
impedance
8. What is mean by VSI?
(Nov/Dec-2005, 07)
A VSI is one which the dc source has small or negligible impedance. In other words a
VSI has stiff dc voltage source at its input terminals.
9. What is meant by Mc-Murray inverter?

(Nov/Dec-2007)
It is an impulse-commutated inverter, which relies on LC circuit and an auxiliary
thyristor for commutation in the load circuit.
10. What are the applications of AC voltage controllers?
i. Domestic and industrial heating
ii. Lighting control
iii. Speed control of single phase and three phase AC motors and
iv. Transformer tap changer.
.
PART-B
(May/June-2007)
(5x16=80)
11. a) i) Write short note on series resonant inverter and
(Apr/May-2008)
ii) Explain how inverter can be controlled using multiple and sine PWM techniques.
(OR)
b) Discuss the functioning of three phase voltage source inverter supplying a balanced star
connected load in 120 operating mode.
(Apr/May-2008,09)
12. a) Explain the following PWM techniques used in inverter.
i) Sinusoidal PWM and
ii) Multiple PWM
(May/June-2006,07)
(OR)
b) i) Describe with a neat sketch and waveform the operation of a single phase half bridge
inverter supplying RL load and
(Nov/Dec-2005)
ii) Describe the working of a single phase full bridge inverter supplying R, RL loads
with relevant circuit and waveforms.
(Nov/Dec-2006, 07)
13. a) i) With a neat diagram and waveform, explain three phase voltage source inverter,
using transistors operating in 180 conduction mode. Also obtain the expression for
RMS value of output voltage and
(Apr/May-2005, 07)
ii) With aid of circuit diagram and relevant waveforms, explain the operation of PWM
29
inverter.
(Nov/Dec-2005)
(OR)
b) Explain in detail, the working principle of the voltage and harmonic control of inverter.
(Nov/Dec-2005)
14. a) i) Compare CSI with VSI and
(Nov/Dec-2005)
ii) Draw the circuit diagram of Mc-Murray full bridge inverter and explain its operation.
(OR)
b) With necessary explanation and equation, write the notes on current source inverter.
(Nov/Dec-2005)
15. a) Describe the working of single phase parallel inverter with relevant circuit and
waveforms.
(Nov/Dec-2004)
(OR)
b) A star connected load of 15/phase is fed from 420v dc source through a three phase
bridge inverter, determine i) RMS value of load current ii) RMS & average value of
thyristor currents, and iii)Power delivered to the load assume 120 mode of conduction.
(April/May-2008,09)
30

QUESTION BANK
MAX.MARKS: 100
UNIT V - AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS AND CYCLOCONVERTERS
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. What is Cyclo-Converter?
(May/June-2013)
It converts input power at one frequency to output power at another frequency with
one-stage conversion. Cyclo-converter is also known as frequency changer.
2. What are the differences between ON-OFF control and phase control?
(Apr/May-2011)
S.No
i.
ii.
iii.
Phase Control
Supply voltage and current
controlled by varying the firing
angle.
More harmonics
Used for common applications
On-Off (Integral) Control

Switching on and switching off the load
for integral number of cycles.
Less harmonics
Used for specific applications
3. What is the need for sequence control of AC voltage controllers?

(Nov/Dec-2008)
Sequence control of AC voltage controllers is employed for the improvement of
system power factor and for the reduction of harmonics in the input current and output
voltage.
4. What are the advantages of step-up and step down Cyclo-Converter? (Apr/May-2011)
i. Induction heating.
ii. Static VAR compensation and
iii. Speed control of high power AC drives.
5. Write a note on duty cycle in ON-OFF control method.
Duty cycle K = n/ (n + m),
Where, n = no. of ON cycles, m = no. of OFF cycles.
(Apr/May-2011)
6. What is meant by step up Cyclo-Converter?

(Nov/Dec-2008)
In step-up Cyclo-Converters, the output frequency f0 is higher than the supply
frequency
fs. i.e., f0 > fs
31
7. List out the different types of Cyclo-Converters?

i. Step-up cyclo-converters and
ii. Step-down cyclo-converters.
(Apr/May-2011)
8. What are the most common applications of AC voltage controllers? (May/June-2007)

i. Domestic & industrial heating, ii. Transformer tap changing, iii. Lightning control
and, iv. Speed control of single and three Phase AC drives.
9. What are the two methods of control in AC voltage controllers?
i. Phase control and ii. Integral control.
(Apr/May-2011)
10. Draw the diagram of three phase to single phase cyclo-converter.
(Apr/May-2011)
PART-B
(5x16= 80)
11. a) Describe the working of a two stage sequence control of voltage controllers for both R
an RL loads. What is the advantage of this controller over single-phase full wave
voltage controller?
(May/June-2007)
(OR)
b) Draw the power circuit of a 1 phase to 1 phase step down cyclo-converter. Explain its
operation with output voltage and current waveforms. Assume load current is
continuous.
(May/June-2007)
12. a) Draw a single phase AC voltage controller with RL load and explain waveforms for the
thyristor current, gating pulses, and input voltage.
(May/ June-2007)
(OR)
b) With the circuit diagram of a 3 phase cyclo-converter draw the synthesis of output
waveform for an output frequency of 12 HZ.
(May/ June-2007)
13. a) Explain the principle of single phase to single phase step-down cyclo-converter with
power circuit and waveforms.
(Apr/May-2011)
(OR)
b) Describe the operation of single phase bridge type cyclo-converter when fed from
230V, 50 HZ source and controlling power to resistive load with the help of neat
circuit diagram and output voltage and current waveforms for A=450 for f0=1/5 ns.
(Apr/May-2011)
32
14. a) i) Describe the operation of single phase full wave AC voltage controller with the help
of voltage and current waveform. Also derive the expression for average value of
output voltage and
(Nov/Dec-2007)
ii) Explain the principle of on-off control in a single phase full wave AC controller
supplying a resistance load.
(Nov/Dec-2007)
(OR)
b) Explain using a diagram and waveform the operation of a single phase half wave AC
voltage controller with resistive load and derive an RMS voltage expression.
(May/June-2008)
15. a) Explain the working of multistage sequential control of AC voltage controller.
(Apr/May-2011)
(OR)
b) Discuss the working of 2 stage sequence control of AC voltage controller.
(Nov/Dec-2011)
33
EC3303 SENSORS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

SYLLABUS
UNIT I
SCIENCE OF MEASUREMENT
9
Units and Standards Calibration techniques Errors in Measurements Generalized
Measurement System Static and dynamic characteristics of transducers Generalized
Performance of Zero Order and First Order Systems - Response of transducers to different
time varying inputs Classification of transducers.
UNIT II
MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS
9
Temperature: Filled thermometer Bimetallic thermometer monometers elastic
transducers bourdon gauge bellows diaphragm. Vacuum: McLeod gauge, thermal
conductivity gauge Ionization gauge, flow measurement: orifice, venture, nozzle, pilot tube,
turbine flow meter, hot wire anemometer.
UNIT III
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS
9
Resistive transducers Potentiometer RTD Thermistor Thermocouple Strain gauges
use in displacement, temperature, force measurement Inductive transducer LVDT
RVDT use in displacement Capacitive transducer Piezo electric transducer Digital
displacement transducers.
UNIT IV
SMART SENSORS
9
Radiation Sensors - Smart Sensors - Film sensor, MEMS & Nano Sensors applications Automobile, Aerospace, Home appliances, Manufacturing, Medical diagnostics,
Environmental monitoring.
UNIT V
SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND DATA ACQUISITION
9
Amplification Filtering Sample and Hold circuits Data Acquisition: Single channel and
multi channel data acquisition Data logging.
TOTAL = 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES
1. E. O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems Applications and Design , Tata McGraw Hill,
edition 1992.
2. A. K. Sawhney, A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,
Dhanpat Rai and Co (P) Ltd, 2004.
3. Beckwith, Marangoni and Lienhard, Mechanical Measurements, Addison Wesley, 5th
Edition, 2000.
4. D. Roy Choudry, Sheil Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, New Age International Pvt. Ltd.,
2000.
5. Patranabis. D, Sensors and Transducers, 2nd edition PHI, New Delhi, 2003.
34

QUESTION BANK
CLASS / SEM: III MTS / V SEM
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT I- SCIENCE AND MEASUREMENT
PART-A
1. List the elements of generalized measurement system.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
Primary sensing element

Variable conversion element
Variable manipulation element
Data transmission element
Data storage and playback element
Data presentation element
2. Differentiate accuracy and resolution of transducers.
Accuracy
i.
ii.
iii.
(10x2=20)
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(Nov/Dec 2012)
Resolution
It is the degree of closeness

with which the instrument
reading approaches the true
value of the quantity to be
measured.
Accuracy as percentage of full
scale reading, percentage of
true value,
Percentage of scale span.
iv.
Resolution means the smallest

measurable input change. output
reading will not increase until some
minimum change in the input takes
place.
v.
Resolution can affect the accuracy

of the instrument.
3. Define sensitivity.
(April/May 2008)
Sensitivity is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of change in the output
signal to the magnitude of change in the input signal.
4. Define resolution.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
Resolution means the smallest measurable input change. Output reading will
not increase until some minimum change in the input takes place. Resolution can
affect the accuracy of the instrument.
5. What are the sources of static errors in measurement system? (Nov/Dec 2010)
i.
Gross errors
ii.
Systematic errors
iii.
Random errors.
6. What is a standard? What are its types?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
Standard means known accurate measure of a physical quantity.
Types: primary standards
Secondary standards
International standards and
Working standards.
35
7. What is the impulse response of first order system?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Impulse function is a rectangular pulse of infinitesimally short duration,
infinitely high magnitude, and a finite area. i.e u(s)= L[(u(t)]=1.
8. Define threshold.
(April/May2011)
If the input quantity is slowly varied from zero onwards, the output does not
change until some minimum value of input is exceeded. This minimum value of the
input is called threshold.
9. List the classification of transducers.
i) Primary and secondary transducers
ii) Passive and active transducers
iii) Elastic transducers
iv) Analog and digital transducers and
v) Electrical and Mechanical transducers.
(April/May2011)
10. Define calibration.

Calibration is the process of making an adjustment or making a scale so that
the readings of an instrument agree with the accepted and the certified standard.
PART B
(5x16=80)
11. a) Explain in detail all types of errors that occur in measurement system.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
b) i) Define the primary standards for following with example and (Nov/Dec 2012)
ii) Explain how secondary standards are derived.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
12. a) Derive the expressions & plot the response of first order system. (Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) Draw the block diagram of a generalized measurement system with example &
give the function of each block.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
13. a) i) Explain in detail about static characteristics of measurement system
(Nov/Dec 2010)
ii) Differentiate between primary and secondary Transducers.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) i) Explain the main function of an measurement system.
ii) Explain the three stages of measurement systems.
14. a) Derive the expression for a generalized performance of a ZERO and FIRST order
system.
(OR)
b) Explain the UNITS and STANDARDS in measurement system.
15. a) Explain the classification of transducers in measurement system.
(OR)
b) Explain about static and dynamic characteristics of measurement system.
36

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT II MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. What is the principle of bimetallic thermometer?

(Nov/Dec 2012)
i)
All metals change in dimension, that is, expand or contact when there is a change in
temperature.
ii)
The rate at which expansion or contraction takes place depend on the temperature
coefficient of expansion of the metal
iii) Temperature coefficient of expansion is different for different metals and
iv) Hence the difference in thermal expansion rate is used to produce a deflection which
is proportional to the temperature changes.
2. Draw the sketch of an orifice plate.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
Sharp edge
45o
Flow
3. Name the different types of manometers.

i)
Unequal limb type and
ii)
Equal limb type
(Nov/Dec 2010)
4. List the advantages of bourdon tube.

i)
They cost low.
ii)
They are simple in construction.
iii)
They can be modified to give electrical outputs and
iv)
Accuracy is high especially at high pressure.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
5. What is the principle of bourdon tube?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
When an elastic transducer is subjected to a pressure, it deflects. This deflection is
proportional to the applied pressure when calibrated.
6. What is the use of diaphragm?
i)
They are used to measure medium pressures and
ii)
They are used to measure draft in chimneys of boilers.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
7. What are the various temperature measuring devices?

i)
Thermal conductivity gauges and
ii)
Ionisation gauges.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
8. What are the materials used in diaphragm?

(Apr/May 2011)
Metals: stainless steel, inconel, monel, nickel and beryllium copper.
Non-metals: nylon, Teflon and buna N rubber.
9. List out the application of bellows gauge.
i)
They are generally used for measuring in medium and low pressures and
ii)
They have a wide application in low pressure measurement.
37
10. What are the types of thermal conductivity gauges?

i)
Pirani gauge and
ii)
Thermocouple type conductivity gauge.
PART B
11. a) Explain the construction and working of :
i)
McLeod gauge and
ii)
Ionisation gauge
(5x16=80
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
b) Explain the construction and working of :
i)
Turbine flow meter and
ii)
Hotwire anemometer.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
12. a) Explain the constructional details and operation of turbine flow meter.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) What is the working principle of manometer? Explain any two types with neat sketch.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
13. a) Describe the pressure measurement using elastic diaphragm gauge.
(OR)
b) Explain the constructional details and operation of bourdon tube pressure gauge.
14. a) Explain the constructional details and operation of helix and spiral bimetallic
thermometer.
(OR)
b) Explain the constructional details and operation of bellows gauge to measure gauge
pressure.
15. a) Describe the pressure measurement using elastic diaphragm gauge.
(OR)
b) Explain the constructional details and operation of bourdon tube pressure gauge.
38

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT III ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT
PART-A
1. State the laws of thermocouple.
i) Law of intermediate temperatures
ii) Law of intermediate metals and
iii) Law of homogeneous circuit
(10x2=20)
(Nov/Dec 2010)
2. Define piezoelectric effect.

(Nov/Dec 2010)
When Pressure is applied to certain non conductive materials so that deformation
takes place and a charge separation occurs in the materials and an electrical voltage can be
measured across the material.
3. What are the applications of thermistors?
i) They are used in time delay circuits.
ii) They are used to measure thermal conductivity.
iii) They are used to measure pressure and flow of liquids and
iv) Used in precision temperature measurement.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
4. What are the advantages of elastic transducer?

i) They are simple in construction
ii) They can be modified to give electrical outputs.
iii) They are safe even for high pressure measurement and
iv) Accuracy is high especially at high pressures.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
5. What are the various temperature measuring devices?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
i) Resistance temperature detector.
ii) Thermistors and
iii) Thermocouple.
6. What is the working principle of inductive transducer?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
In principle, the inductance of a coil can be changed either by varying its physical
dimensions or by changing the effective permeability of its magnetic core.
7. List the inductive transducers.
i) Linear variable differential transducer and
ii) Rotary variable differential transducer.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
8. Classify the types of thermocouple.

i) Thermocouple with single hole round insulation.
ii) Thermocouple with double hole round insulation.
iii) Thermocouple with double hole tube insulation and
iv) Resistance welded & bare thermocouple.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
9. What is meant by thermistors?

(Apr/May 2011)
When the thermistor is subjected to a temperature change, the resistance of the
thermistor changes. This change in resistance of the thermistor becomes a measure of the
change in temperature when calibrated.
39
10. Write the basic principle of thermocouple.

(Apr/May 2011)
Thermocouples is called as the principle of thermo electricity which was discovered
by seebeck,When two conductors of two different metals A and B are joined together at one
end to form a junction, and this junction is heated to a higher temperature with respect to the
free ends and if these two conductors of metals at the free ends are connected, then the emf
setup will establish a flow of current.
PART B
(5x16=80)
11. a) Discuss the construction, working, applications and merits of LVDT as inductive
transducer.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
b) i) Describe the construction and working of strain gauge transducer with a neat sketch.
Hence write the expression for its gauge factor
(Nov/Dec 2012)
ii) Discuss its application as force measurements.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
12. a) Explain the construction and working principle of encoder and how the linear and angular
position can be measured.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) Explain in detail the working principle of transducer which is used in aerospace
applications.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
13. a) i) Derive an expression of gauge factor of strain gauge
ii) State the principle of operation of LVDT with diagram.
(OR)
b) i) Explain the construction and principle of piezoelectric transducers
ii) Derive the sensitivity of resistive transducer.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(Nov/Dec 2010)
14. a) Explain the construction and working principle of RTD.

(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) Explain in detail the working principle of transducer which is used in automobile
applications.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
15. a) Explain the construction and working principle of thermistors.
(OR)
b) Explain the construction and working principle of thermocouple. State its Laws.
40

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT IV SMART SENSORS
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. List the essential elements in a smart sensor.

(Apr/May 2008)
New sensing methods, improved computing capability, digital communication,
non-linearity compensation,Signal conditioning unit, power amplifier DAC, microcomputer,
communication interface and power supply.
2. List the types of sensors used in automobile applications.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
Flow rate sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, oxygen sensors, torque and
position sensors etc.,
3. Define intelligent sensor.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
A sensor producing an electrical output when combined with interface electronic
circuits is said to be an intelligent sensor if the interfacing circuits can perform (a) ranging
(b) calibration and (c) decision making for communication and utilization of data.
4. What is basically the concept of smart sensor?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
Smart sensors requires a data conversion module either from analog to digital or from
frequency to digital which interfaces with the microprocessors for information processing and
bus interfacing for communication.
5. List six commonly used techniques for producing thin film sensor. (Nov/Dec 2010)
a)Thermal evaporation b) sputter deposition c) chemical vapour deposition d) plasma
enhanced chemical vapour deposition e) metallo-organic deposition f) Langmuir-Blodgett
technique.
6. Mention the advantages of nano sensor.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
Production of carbon nanotubes, lithographic schemes,fabrication of nanometer-scale
structures, realization of nanocrystals, integration of nanoparticles into gas sensors etc.,
7. Give the types of diffusion in micro sensor.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
i)Bulk micromachining ii) surface micromachining iii) LIGA iv) bonded silicon-oninsulator
8. Mention the different types of radiation sensor.
(Apr/May 2011)
Geiger counter, Scintillation detectors, solid state X-ray and gamma-ray detectors,
low-energy charged Particle detectors, Neutron detectors, Neutrino detectors etc.,
9. Write the processing steps involved in thick film sensor.
(Apr/May 2011)
Step 1: Selection and preparation of a substrate.
Step 2: preparation of the initial coating material in paste or paint form.
Step 3: Pasting or painting the substrate by the coating material or screen printing it.
Step 4: Firing the sample produced in step 3 in an oxidizing atmosphere at a programmed
temperature format.
41
10. List various film deposition techniques employed in micro-sensor fabrication. (Nov/Dec 2012)
i) Plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD).
ii) Metallo-organic deposition (MOD) and
iii) Sputter deposition (i) DC with magnetron (ii) RF with magnetron.
PART B
11. a) i) List ten properties possessed by smart sensor
ii) Discuss in detail the application of smart sensor in medical diagnostics.
(OR)
b) Discuss in detail the applications of smart sensors in automobile.
(5x16=80)
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(Nov/Dec 2012)
12. a) i) Which type of sensors are used for medical diagnostics applications? Explain
ii) What is the role of smart sensors in environmental monitoring?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) i) Explain some application examples of MEMS technology
ii) List out the sensors used for home appliances.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
13. a) Write short notes on the following:

i) Nano sensor
ii) MEMS.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) With neat diagram and explain the different diffusion techniques required in a micro sensor
systems.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
14. a) Explain on-board automobile sensors in detail.

(OR)
b) i) How is water level sensed in washing machine? Sketch a sensor and explain its
operation and
ii) How is static pressure measured in aerospace studies? How is it dependent on total
pressure, isotropic ratio and mach number? Explain with graph.
15. a) i) How are environmental hazards spread? Draw the block diagram and explain the same
and
ii) How has instrumentation improved the studies of ecology? Give few examples.
(OR)
b) Explain, on what principle does the micro sensors work in biomedical systems.
42

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT V SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND PROCESSING
PART-A
(10x2=20 )
1. State acquisition time.

(Nov/Dec 2008)
Acquisition time is defined as the time taken to collect input information or data in
digital form accurately, rapidly and economically for processing, transmission, display and
storage of the data.
2. Compare single and multichannel data acquisition system.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Single channel DAS

It is used for handling only one input
channel.
External convert command is used to
provide the conversion command for
ADC.
Buffer is provided to increase the
speed with accurate conversion.
Operation is slow.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
Multichannel DAS
i. It is used for handling multiple input
channel.
ii. Multiplexer circuit is used along with
ADC to provide the conversion command.
iii. Sample and hold circuit is provided to
increase the speed with accurate conversion.
iv. Operation is fast.
3. What is the function of data logger?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
The basic function of data logger is to automatically make the record of the readings
of the various
instruments located at different parts of the plant.
4. What is meant by filter?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Filters are analog devices necessary at conversion stages, mainly because the digital
type and consume large real time processing power.
5. Draw the block diagram of single channel DAS.
Input signal
A/D converter
Buffer
(Nov/Dec 2010)
To computer printout
Convert command
6. State the significance of sample and hold circuit.

(Nov/Dec 2010)
The first stage of an ADC which takes the analog voltage of the signal at the specified
instant and stores it for processing by the converter circuit.
43
7. List the important factors that decide the configuration and subsystems of data
acquisition system.
(Apr/May 2011)
i) It handles the analog signals
ii) It performs measurement
iii) It converts analog signal into digital data and handles it.
iv) It performs internal programming and control.
8. List out the basic blocks of data loggers.
(May/June 2009)
i) Input scanner ii) signal conditioner iii) Analog to digital converter iv) Recording system
v) Programmer
9. What is the purpose of data acquisition system?

i) Performance of the system ii) Data handling capacity
(May/June 2009)
10. What are the functions of microprocessor based data acquisition system?
i)Speed of the operation gets increased ii) fast and automatic control actions can be
achieved iii)Functions like averaging, linearization, totalization, calibration, alarming,
adjustment, testing etc., become automated.
PART B
(5x16=80)
11. a) Explain how the following operations are carried out in signal conditioning process:
i)
Amplification
ii)
Filtering
iii)
Linearization and
iv)
Buffering.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
b) Draw the block diagram of single channel data acquisition system and explain the function
of each block.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
12. a) i) Explain the working principle of multi channel data acquisition system using single A/D
converter.
ii) Describe in detail about data loggers.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
(OR)
b) Draw the block diagram of microcontroller based data acquisition system and explain the
function of each block.
(Apr/May 2008)
13. a) Draw the block diagram of data acquisition system. Explain each subsystem.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) Explain about the single channel data acquisition system with diagram.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
14. a) Draw the block diagram of data loggers. Explain the each subsystem.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b) Explain the function of pc based data acquisition system with neat diagram.
15. a) Draw the block diagram of microprocessor based data acquisition system.
(OR)
b) Explain the function of digital data acquisition system with diagram.
44
EC3304 - MODELLING AND SIMULATION

SYLLABUS
UNIT I
SYSTEM AND SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
9
System and System Environment: Component of a System Continuous and discrete systems
Types of model; Steps in Simulation study; Simulation of an event occurrence using
random
number table Single server queue two server queues inventory system.
UNIT II
RANDOM NUMBER GENERATION
9
Random number generation: Properties of random numbers Generation of Pseudo random
numbers techniques of generating pseudo random numbers; Test for random numbers: the
Chisquare test-the kolmogrov Smirnov test Runs test Gap test poker test.
UNIT III
RANDOM VARIATE GENERATION
Random Variate Generation: Inverse transform technique for Exponential, Uniform,
triangular,
weibull, empirical, uniform and discrete distribution, Acceptance rejection method for
Poisson
and gamma distribution; Direct Transformation for normal distribution.
UNIT IV
ANALYSIS OF SIMULATED DATA
Analysis of simulated Data Data collection, identifying the distribution, Parameter
estimation,
goodness of fit tests, verification and validation of simulation models.
UNIT V
CONCEPTS OF SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
Concepts of System Identification Identification using normal operating records
(Integration
method) Identifiability conditions System order determination
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOK
1. Banks J., Carson J.S. and Nelson B.L., Discrete Event System Simulation, 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education, Inc 2004 (ISBN 81-7808-505-4).
REFERENCES
1. Geoffrey Gorden, System Simulation, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
2. Narsingh Deo., System Simulation with Digital Computer, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
WEB SITES REFERENCES
1. www.arenasimulation.com
2. www.gpss.co.uk
3. www.caciasl.com
4. Other useful sites can be found in the text book recommended for this course.
45

QUESTION BANK
EC3304 MODELING AND SIMULATION
CLASS/SEM: III YEAR/V SEM
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100
UNIT 1 - SYSTEM AND SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
PART A
(10x2=20)
1. Define system.
(Nov 2010)
A system is defined as a group of objects that are joined together in some
regular interaction or independence toward the accomplishment of some purpose.
Ex: Production system manufacturing automobiles.
2. Define entity and attribute of a system.
(Nov 2010)
Entity is defined as any object or component in the system that requires
explicit representation in the model. Ex: Machine, customer.
Attribute is the property of a given entity. Ex: Depositing money in bank.
3. Define continuous and discrete system.
(Nov 2010)
A continuous system is one in which the state variables change continuously
overtime. Ex: flow of water in dam.
A discrete system is one in which the state variables change only at discrete set points
of time. Ex: server waiting for servicing the customers.
4. What are the only two possible events in a single channel queuing system?
(Nov 2010)
i) Customer waiting in the queue and
ii) Server servicing the customer.
5. List the components of system.
(Nov 2008)
i)System state, ii)Entity, iii)Attributes, iv)List, v)Event, vi)Event notice, vii)Event
list, viii)Activity, ix)Delay and x)Clock.
6. Define lead time in inventory system.
(Nov 2012)
The time between the announcement of order and receivable of product is
known as lead time.
Ex: In a college making an order of certain books and receiving the material.
7. Define event notice.
A record of an event to occur at the current or some future time along with any
associated data necessary to execute the event at a minimum record includes the event
type and event time.
8. Define model.
(Nov 2010)
A model is defined as a representation of a system for the purpose of studying
the system.
9. Define system state and event.
System state is the collection of variables that contain all the information
necessary to describe the system at anytime. Event is an instantaneous occurrence
that changes the state of a system.
46
10. Define queuing system.

Queuing system is described by its calling population, the nature of the
arrivals, the service mechanism, the system capacity and the queuing discipline.
PART B
(5x16=80)
11 a). i) Explain the steps involved in simulation study with an example.

(Nov 2008)
ii) Write the entity, event, attribute, activity for the inventory system.
(OR)
b). i) Explain the single server queuing system with an example.
(Nov 2012)
ii) Write the entity, event, attribute, activity for the production system.
12a).i)What is a two server queue? Explain with an example.
ii)Write the entity, event, attribute, activity for the rapid rail system.
(OR)
b).i) State the advantages on simulation.
ii) List the limitations of simulation.
(Nov 2012)
(Nov 2012)
(Nov 2012)
13a).i)Explain the inventory system with probability data

ii)Write the entity, event, attribute, activity for the banking system.
(OR)
b). i)What are the applications of simulation in various fields?
ii)Write the entity, event, attribute, activity for the communication system.
14a).i)Explain the components of system
ii)Write the types of models used in simulation.
(Nov 2012)
(OR)
b). Explain the simulation in manufacturing system with various examples.
15 a). What is simulation software? Explain the various software used in simulation.
(OR)
b). Consider the simulation of a management game. There are three players A,B,C.
each player has two strategies which they play with equal probabilities. The
players select strategies independently. The following table gives the payoff.
Simulate the 6 plays and determine the payoffs. Show your working in the form of
a table with all details including the random numbers used.
(Nov2008)
Strategies
As payoff
Bs payoff
Cs payoff
A1-B1-C1
10
-5
5
A1-B1-C2
0
8
2
A1-B2-C1
9
3
-2
A1-B2-C1
-4
5
9
A2-B1-C1
6
1
3
A2-B1-C2
0
0
10
47

QUESTION BANK
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100
UNIT 2 - RANDOM NUMBER GENERATION
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. State the two important properties of good random numbers.
(Nov 2008)
Uniformity and Independence are the important properties of random
numbers.
2. State null hypothesis of chi square test with respect to testing of random
numbers.
(Nov 2008)
It is used when the sample is greater than or equal to 50. The test statistic is
given by
X02=i=1to n=(Oi-Ei)2/Ei If the calculated test result is less than the tabulated result null
hypothesis is accepted.
3. State some considerations before generating random numbers.
i) The routine should be fast,
ii) The routine should be portable to different computers,
iii) It should have sufficiently long cycle and
iv) The random numbers should be replicable.
(Nov 2010)
4. What are the techniques of generating random numbers?

i) Linear congruential method,
ii) Multiplicative congruential method and
iii) Combined linear congruential method.
(Nov 2010)
5. What are the tests that are used for random numbers?
(Nov 2010)
i) Frequency tests:
a) Chi square test
b) Kolmogorov Smirnov test
ii) Auto corelation test,
iii) Runs test,
iv) Gap test and
v) Poker test.
6. Write the description of frequency and auto correlation tests for random
numbers.
(Nov 2012)
Frequency tests are used to compare the distribution of the set of numbers
generated to a uniform distribution.
Auto correlation tests are used to test the correlation between numbers and
compare the sample correlation to the expected correlation of zero.
48
7. Define Poker test.

(May 2012)
Poker test treats number grouped together as a poker hand, and then the hands
obtained as compared to what are expected using the Chi square test.
8. What do you mean by Gap test?
(May 2012)
Gap test counts the number of digits that appear between repetitions of a
particular digit and then uses Kolmogorov smirnov test to compare with the expected
size of gaps.
9. Define level of significance.
It is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is
true. =P(reject H0).
10. Specify how to generate pseudo random numbers?
(May 2012)
i) Pseudo is used to imply that the very act of generating random numbers by a
method that is known which removes the potential for true randomness,
ii) If the method is known then the set of random numbers can be replicated
and
iii) Then a distribution can be made that the random numbers are not truly
random.
PART-B
(5x16=80)
11a). State and explain any three methods of generating random numbers. (Nov 2008)
(OR)
b).Consider the following series of 2 digit numbers. Conduct chi square test and
check the uniform distribution of the series with a confidence level of 95%
79 75 45 29 41 07 86 34 82 83 80 68 78 63 04 77 20 62 31 82 23 42 62 81 63
60 29 92 06 21 35 04 62 06 45 85 35 57 52 61 97 26 98 85 70 41 83 76 29 10
12a). i)Describe K.S test in detail
(Nov 2010)
ii) With an example explain Chi square test.
(Nov 2010)
(OR)
b).i)Explain Gap test in detail
ii)With an example explain how Poker test fail to prove the independence property
of random numbers.
(Nov 2010)
13a). Use LCM to generate sequence of three two digit random numbers with X0=27,
a=8, c=47 and m=100.
(Nov 2012)
(OR)
b). The sequence of numbers 0.54, 0.73, 0.98, 0.11, 0.68 has been generated. Use the
C.S test to learn whether the hypothesis that the numbers are uniformly distributed
on the interval (0,1) can be rejected.
(Nov 2012)
49
14a).Rob and Ben play a game where they take turns flipping a coin. The winner is the
first Person to flip a head and Rob goes first. What is the probability Rob wins if
i) The coin is fair? and
ii) The coin is not fair, but shows head with probability p?
(May 2012)
(OR)
b). A student must choose one of the subjects art, geology or psychology as an
elective. She is equally likely to choose art or psychology and twice as likely to
choose geology. What are the respective probabilities that she chooses art, geology
and psychology?
(May 2012)
15a) .i) Explain runs up and down test and
ii) Explain length of runs above and below the mean test.
(OR)
b).i) Explain length of runs up and down test and
ii) What is runs above and below the mean test? Explain.
50

QUESTION BANK
EC 3304 MODELING AND SIMULATION
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100
UNIT 3 - RANDOM VARIATE GENERATION
PART A
(10x2=20)
1. What is random variate?
(Nov 2008)
The unpredicted random numbers are modeled as random variables with some
specified statistical distribution and standard statistical procedures exist for estimating
the parameters of the hypothesized distribution and for testing the validity of the
assumed statistical model.
2. Give the expression to generate uniform random variate.
(Nov 2008)
Probability density function is given by fR(x) = 1, 0 < x< 1
0, otherwise
0, x< 0
Cumulative distributive function is given by FR(x) = x, 0 < x < 1
1, x > 1
3. What is meant by Acceptance Rejection as regards to random variable

generation?
(Nov 2010)
An analyst needed to devise a method for generating random variates x
uniformly distributed between and 1 then acceptance rejection technique is applied.
4. Write the properties of CDF.
i) F is a non decreasing function if a<b then F(a)<F(b),
ii) limx
F(x)=1 and
iii) limx
F(x)=0.
5. Can Inverse Transform Technique be applied to generate normally distributed
random variable? How?
(Nov 2010)
The inverse transform technique cannot easily be applied because the inverse
cumulative distributive function cannot be written in closed form.
6. When is Empirical Continuous distribution used?
(Nov 2010)
If the modes have been unable to find a theorectical distribution that provides
a good model for the input data then it may be necessary to use the empirical
continuous distribution of the data.
7. Define NSPP.
Non stationary Poisson process also called as thinning process is an arrival
process with an arrival rate that varies with time. The idea behind the thinning is to
generate a stationary Poisson arrival process at the fastest rate.
51
8. Define triangular distribution.

It models a process for which only the minimum most lightly and the
maximum values of the distribution are known.
9. What are the conditions of PDF?
i) f(x) >0 for all x in Rx,
ii) Rxf(x)dx=1 and
iii) f(x)=0 if x is not in Rx
10. State the conditions to generate random variable for discrete random variable.
The numbers P(xi), i=1,2,3,. must then satisfy the following conditions.
i) P(xi) > 0 for all values and
ii)i=1 to P(xi)=1
PART B
(5x16=80)
11.a).Explain the Inverse Transform Technique for generating:
(Nov 2008)
i) Exponential distribution and
ii) Triangular distribution.
(OR)
b).i)Give the procedure for the generation of Poisson random variates.
(Nov 2008)
ii)The random variables
K1,K2,aredistributedasfollows:K1=20+10;K2=12+10;K3=Poisson
with mean 5, generate 5 values of random variate M=(2K1+K2)/K3 and compute
the average value. What is expected value of M.
(Nov 2008)
12a).i) Write the steps involved in Acceptance Rejection Technique using Gamma
Distribution
ii) Apply Gamma distribution to the high candy production making machine which
is Gamma distributed with mean 2.2 mins and variance 2.10minutes2.
(Nov 2012)
(OR)
b).Develop a generation scheme for the Triangular distribution with PDF.
f(x)=(1/2)(x-2),2<x<3 f(x)=(1/2)(2-x/3),3<x<6 F(x)=0,otherwise.Generate 10
values of random variate, compute the true mean of the distribution. (Nov 2012)
13a).i) Generate the sample of a random variable X with a given density f and
ii) Generate a continuous random variable X>F as follows:
(May 2012)
1) Generate a uniform random variate U.
2) Set X=Fi1(U)
(OR)
b). Explain the CDF, PDF, PMF of generating random variables.
14a). Explain the following using inverse transform technique.
i) Weibull distribution
ii) Uniform distribution.
(OR)
b). Explain Acceptance Rejection Technique for Poisson distribution.
15 a). With an illustration explain NSPP in detail.
(OR)
b).i) What is Empirical continuous distribution? Write its need
ii) Apply Graphical method for small data and large data.
52

QUESTION BANK
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100
UNIT 4 - ANALYSIS OF SIMULATED DATA
PART A
(10x2=20)
1. List the steps involved in development of model of input data.
(Nov 2010)
i) Input modeling,
ii) Data collection,
iii) Identifying distribution,
iv) Parameter estimation,
v) Goodness of fit tests and
vi) Model building.
2. How data types are generally classified?
(Nov 2010)
Quantitative data and qualitative data are the two types of data used in model
development.
3. List two methods to conduct goodness of fit tests.
i) Chi square test and
ii) Kolmogorov Smirnov test.
(Nov 2010)
4. What is meant by verification and validation of models?

(Nov 2010)
Verification refers to building the model correctly and validation refers to the
building of correct model.
5. What are the steps involved to construct histogram of data?
(Nov 2012)
i) Divide the range of the data into intervals,
ii) However unequal widths may be used if the height of the frequencies is adjusted,
iii) Label the horizontal axis to conform to the intervals selected,
iv) Find the frequency of occurrences within each interval and
v) Label the vertical axis so that the total occurrences can be plotted for each interval
6. Enlist some of the models used for validation.
i) Mathematical model
a) Static model
b) Dynamic model and
ii) Physical model
(May 2012)
7. What is input modeling?

Input models provide the driving force for a simulation model.
i) In the simulation of a queuing system input models and the distributions of time
between arrivals and of service times and
ii) For an inventory system simulation input models include the distributions of
demand and lead time.
53
8. Define data collection.

Data collection is the process of collecting the data either by framing questions
or directly interviewing the customers. It is the biggest task in solving the real
problem and also the most important task in simulation.
9. Define Q-Q plots.
A Quantile-Quantile plot is a useful tool for evaluating distribution fit one
that does not suffer from histogram problems.
10. What are the tools for parameter estimation?
i) Parameters,
ii) Mean,
iii) Standard deviation and
iv) Estimators.
PART B
(5x16=80)
11a).For a job shop sets of input data were collected over four different 10 day periods,
together with the average number of jobs in the shop (Zi) for each period. The input
data were used to drive the simulation model for four runs of 10 days each and
model predictions of average no. of jobs in the shop (Yi) were collected, with these
results.
(Nov 2008)
i
1
2
3
4
Zi
21.7 19.2 22.8 19.4
Yi
24.6 21.1 19.7 24.0
(OR)
b).Conduct a statistical test to check the consistency of system output and model
output. Use level of significance 0.05.
(Nov 2008)
12a).i)What is the difference between validation and verification of simulation model?
ii)Explain the different methods employed for validation and verification of
simulation of models.
(Nov 2008)
(OR)
b). Give various suggestions to enhance and facilitate data collection.
(Nov 2008)
13a).i) What are the features of chi square test process? Write the steps followed to
perform the above test and
ii) The following are the data corresponding to the vehicle arrival data in each
minute(12,10,19,17,10,8,7,5,5,3,3,1) these data follow Poisson distribution. With
base parameter alpha=3.64. Apply chi square test to these data to test the
hypothesis based on distribution.
(Nov 2012)
(OR)
b).Write short notes on :
i) Histogram and
ii) Quantile-Quantile Plots.
54
14a).i)Explain in detail with an example, Parameter estimation

ii).Explain in detail, the concept of Goodness of fit tests.
(OR)
b).What are the steps involved in development of a model?
15a). With a flow diagram, explain how to calibrate a model.
(OR)
b). i) Explain some of the input modeling software packages.
ii) What distributions do the packages include?
55
(Nov 2012)

QUESTION BANK
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100
UNIT 5 - CONCEPTS OF SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
PART A
(10x2=20)
1. Define Grey box model.
(May 2012)
The differences of what is going on inside the system or not entirely known.
A certain model based on both inside into the system and experimental data is
constructed is called grey box model.
2. What is Black box model.
(May 2012)
No prior model is available the most system identification algorithms are of
this type. In the context of non linear model identification the black box modeling
assumes a model structure as prior and then the model parameter.
3. Define system identification.
(May 2012)
System identification is a general term to describe mathematical tools and
algorithms that build dynamical models from measured data.
4. Define subsystem.
The integration of a subsystem from its component parts is normally a
stepwise assembly and test process, in which parts are systematically aggregated and
the assembly is periodically tested to reveal and correct any faculty interfaces or
component functions as early in the process as practicable.
5. What are the examples of subsystem?
i) Water reservoir system and
ii) Stepper motor system.
(Nov 2008)
6. Define test manager.

(Nov 2012)
It introduces a function not represented in the basic test architecture, because
the testing of most elements of complex systems is a complicated process, it requires
active supervision by a test engineer, usually supported by a control console.
7. Define system element.
The system under test is represented by the top centre of the block diagram
representation. The input generator converts test commands into exact replies
functionally of the inputs that the system element is expected to receive.
8. List two system identifiability conditions.
(Nov 2012)
i) The individual subsystems are integrated from their components and
ii) The subsystems are assembled and integrated into the total system.
9. What are performance criteria?
It matches the measured element outputs with the expected outputs from the
element model in accordance with test criteria provided by the test manager.
56
10. Define element model.

It has the function of reproducing very precisely the response that the
component or subsystem under test is expected to produce to each input according to
its performance specifications.
PART B
(5x16=80)
11a). Explain system identification in detail.
(OR)
b). Explain with a block diagram, Physical Test Configuration.
(Nov 2012)
12a). Explain sub system integration in detail.

(OR)
b). Derive Vander Pal equation.
13a). How does one identify a system using normal operating records?
(OR)
b). Discuss in detail integration method of identification of systems
operating records.
14a). Explain in detail how simulation is used in Manufacturing system.
(OR)
b). How simulation software is used in Banking system?
15a). Explain the various software applied to open loop system.
(OR)
b).Explain the simulation software applied to closed loop system.
57
(May 2012)
(Nov 2012)
ME3310 - CNC TECHNOLOGY

SYLLABUS
UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS OF CNC MACHINES
9
Introduction to Computer Numerical Control: CNC Systems An Overview of Fundamental
aspects of machine control, Different types of CNC machines Advantages and
disadvantages of CNC machines.
UNIT II
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF CNC MACHINES AND

RETROFITTING
10
Features of CNC Machines: Structure, Drive Mechanism, gearbox, Main drive, feed drive,
Spindle Motors, Axes motors. Timing belts and pulleys, Spindle bearing Arrangement and
installation. Slide ways. Re - circulating ball screws Backlash measurement and
compensation, linear motion guide ways. Tool magazines, ATC, APC, Chip conveyors.
Retrofitting of Conventional Machine Tools: Modification to be carried out on conventional
machines for retrofitting.
UNIT III
CONTROL SYSTEMS, FEED BACK DEVICES AND TOOLING

10
Description of a simple CNC control system. Interpolation systems. Features available in a
CNC system introduction to some widely used CNC control systems. Types of measuring
systems in CNC machines Incremental and absolute rotary encoders, linear scale resolver
Linear inductosyn Magnetic Sensors for Spindle Orientation. Qualified and pre-set
tooling Principles of location Principles of clamping Work holding devices.
UNIT IV
CNC PART PROGRAMMING
9
Part Program Terminology-G and M Codes Types of interpolation Methods of CNC part
programming Manual part programming Computer Assisted part programming APT
language CNC part programming using CAD/CAM-Introduction to Computer Automated
Part Programming.
UNIT V
ECONOMICS AND MAINTENANCE
7
Factors influencing selection of CNC Machines Cost of operation of CNC Machines
Practical aspects of introducing CNC machines in industries Maintenance features of CNC
Machines Preventive Maintenance, Other maintenance requirements.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOK
1. Yoreur Koren, Computer Control of Manufacturing Systems, Pitman, London, 1987.
REFERENCES:
1. Radhakrishnan P., Computer Numerical Control Machines, New Central Book Agency,
1992.
2. BERRY LEATHAM JONES, Computer Numerical Control, Pitman, London, 1987.
3. STEAVE KRAR and ARTHUR GILL, CNC Technology and Programming, McGrawHill
Publishing Company, 1990.
58
MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI.

QUESTION BANK
ME3310-CNC TECHNOLOGY
CLASS: III-YEAR/V-SEM/MTS
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT I-FUNDAMENTALS OF CNC MACHINES

PART-A
(10 x2 = 20)
1. Define CNC.
(Apr/May 2008)
CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control. It is a microprocessor based
control system that accepts a set of program instructions, processes and sends output
control information to a machine tool, accepts feedback information acquired from a
transducer placed on the machine tool and based on both on the instructions and feedback,
assures that proper motion, speed and operations occur.
2. List any four CNC interpolation methods.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
(i)Linear Interpolation, (ii) Circular Interpolation (iii) Logarithmic Interpolation
(iv) Parabolic Interpolation and (v) Helical Interpolation and (vi) Exponential
Interpolation
3. Write any four advantages of CNC machines.
(Apr/May 2011)
(i) It can run 24 hours a day
(ii) It is used for mass production
(iii) The component has more precision and accuracy after it has been machined
in CNC.
(iv) It eliminates man-power
4. What is Universal machining center?
(Nov/Dec 2008)
It combines the features of both the horizontal and vertical machining center
and the spindle
head can be tilted to any axis. In some cases the table can also be tilted instead of
spindle.
The latest CNC universal machines are fitted with two or more pallets for
machining.
5. In what ways CNC lathes are superior to automatic lathes? (Nov/Dec 2008)
(i) The CNC can be able to do the same machining of component several times.
(ii)In CNC controller we can save programs and can use whenever needed.
(iii)Closed loop control is achieved in CNC machine.
(iv)Reduction of errors is a successful task in CNC machine
(v) Automatic tool changing and pallet changing can be done in CNC machines.
59
6. State any four factors to be considered to justify the use of CNC machines.
(May/Jun 2009)
(i) Mass production (ii) Automatic changing of tools and workpieces
(iii) Machining of several components in a single program and
(iv) Tool path simulation can be seen and this avoids lot of time and work piece.
7. Mention the three objectives of CNC machines.
(Apr/May 2011)
The primary objective of CNC is automatic control of machine tool operation.
It has got three main objectives. They are (i) Position (ii) Motion and (iii) switching
Functions.
8. What is meant by point to point control?
(Nov/Dec 2007)
In point to point movement the control is purely for positioning of the tool at
programmed points. This is usually encountered in drilling, tapping or boring
operations.
9. Write any four disadvantages of CNC machines.
(May/Jun 2009)
(i) Initial cost of the machine is very high
(ii) The maintenance of the machine needs to be taken care
(iii) Skilled programmers and machine setting persons are required and
(iv) The cost of spares of the machines is very high
10. List out the three major elements of CNC machines. (Apr/May 2011)
(i) Hardware (ii) Software and (iii) Information.
PART-B
(5 X 16 =80)
11. a Discuss the features of CNC machines and its features with relevant to different
applications.
(Apr/May 2008)
(OR)
b Explain the functions of each unit in a CNC machine and compare it with a
conventional machine.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
12. a Explain in detail about the features of horizontal machining centre. (Nov/Dec 2008)
(OR)
b.Explain the machine control aspects of CNC machine tools. Also discuss the various
other controls in CNC machines.
(Nov/Dec2010)
13. a.Explain in detail the working of a CNC system with a neat sketch. (Apr/May 2011)
(OR)
b (i) Discuss the features of a CNC grinding machine
60
(Apr/May 2011)
(ii)Discuss the advantages and limitations of CNC machines.
(Apr/May 2011)
14. a (i)What are the factors that contribute to the development of a numerical control?
Discuss in detail.
(May/Jun 2007)
(ii)What are the fundamental differences between CNC machines and conventional
machines?
(Apr/May 2008)
(OR)
b Identify and briefly explain about the following machine tools with respect to
Mechatronics applications.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
(i) Drilling machine

(ii) Boring machine
(iii) Grinding machine and
(iv) Spot welding machine
15 a (i) What are the controllable components of a CNC machine.
(May/Jun 2007)
(ii)What are the important specifications of a CNC machine?
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(OR)
b (i)Present a classification of CNC machines.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(ii)Describe with neat sketches any three work holding devices used in CNC
machines.
(Nov/Dec2006)
61

QUESTION BANK
CLASS/ SEM: III MTS/V-SEM
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT II-CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF CNC MACHINES &
RETROFITTING
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1.
What is meant by preloading of ball screw?

(Nov/Dec 2007)
The elimination of backlash, which is absolutely necessary for some types of CNC
machines where
high stiffness are required is achieved by preloading
2.
State the requirements of spindle drives for CNC machine tools.

(Nov/Dec 2007)
(i) High stiffness Both static and dynamic (ii) Running accuracy (iii) Axial load carrying
capacity
(iv) Thermal stability (v) Axial freedom for thermal expansion and (vi) High speeds of
operation
3.
What are the important requirements of a CNC lathe spindle?

(May/Jun 2007)
(i) Stable and smooth operation with reduced vibrations
(ii) Changes in speed is to be achieved as required through a gear box
(iii) Maintenance free and a higher degree of safety.
(iv) High cutting performance, high speed and high torque control.
4.
Write short notes on re-circulating roller packs.

(May/Jun 2011)
An external ball nut employs a stamped tube which picks up balls from raceway
with use of small pick up finger. Balls travel inside of tube and are then replaced back
in thread raceway. This tube along with the nut is mentioned as re-circulating roller
packs.
5.
List down the functions of CNC machines.

(May/Jun 2011)
(i) Overall system control
(ii) Input / Output (I/O) Control
(iii) Servo control of slide movements and main spindle rotation and
(iv) Computations required for interpolation, spline fitting etc.
6.
What are the various types of motors used in CNC machine tools. (May/Jun 2011)
(i) DC permanent Magnet Motors (ii) Separately Excited DC motors along with
Analog Thyristor
Drives (iii) DC main drives with Digital control (iv) DC Series Motors (v) AC and
DC Servo motors
and (iv) Squirrel cage Induction Motor
62
7.
Why is a gear box incorporated in the main spindle drive of a CNC machine tool?
(May/June 2009)
To have a differentiated various speeds a gear box is incorporated in the spindle
drive of a CNC machine. This has the twin advantages of eliminating the
transmission of vibration and heat to the main spindle. Further this design simplifies
maintenance.
8.
How the automatic tool changers are classified?

(Apr/May 2011)
According to the kind of cutting tools
(i) Single tool heads (ii) Multi tool heads and (iii) Special tools such as micro bores
According to the system of tool exchange
(i) Without tool change arm (ii) With tool change arm (iii) With tool parking
position
According to the position of axes of tool and spindle
(i) With parallel axes (ii) with intersecting axes
According to the tool position
(i) With horizontal tool position and (ii) With vertical tool position
9.
Mention different ways of minimizing slide way friction in CNC machines

(Apr/May 2008)
(i) By using proper lubricating oils (ii) By using proper lubricating gels or pastes
(iii) By using plastic coated slide ways and (iv) By using proper linear motion guide
way systems
10.
Write a note on backlash measurement and compensation.(Nov/Dec 2008)

Backlash is the sum of the axial clearance and the deformation caused by the axial
loading to reduce the backlash pitch error measurement and compensation and preloading
is being done.
PART-B
11.
(5 X 16 =80)
a. How can a conventional lathe be retrofitted with a CNC control? Explain in detail.
(May/Jun 2007)
(OR)
12.
b (i) What are the controllable components of a CNC machine?
(May/Jun 2007)
(ii)What are the important specifications of a CNC machine?
(May/Jun 2007)
a Explain the various types of DC motors used in a CNC machine tool. (Apr/May 2011)
(OR)
b Explain spindle speed control system of a CNC machine tool with a neat diagram.
(Apr/May 2011)
63
13.
a Explain the constructional features of re-circulating ball screws. How the backlash
effect in them can be eliminated?
(Nov/Dec 2004)
(OR)
b. What are servo drives? Write note on the following spindle drives. (Nov/Dec 2004)
(i)DC motors
(ii)Stepper motors and
(iii)AC motors
14.
a Describe the constructional features of a horizontal machining center. (Nov/Dec 2008)

(OR)
b. Discuss the various slide-ways used in CNC machines.
15.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
a (i)Describe the factors influencing the selection of transmission belting in the power
drive of a CNC machine tool.
(May/Jun 2009)
(ii)Enumerate the principle of working of a DC variable speed drive used in a CNC

machine tool.
(May/Jun 2009)
(OR)
b. Explain in detail the following terms with neat sketches

(i)Automatic tool changer and
(ii)Automatic Pallet changer
64

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT III-CONTROL SYSTEMS, FEEDBACK DEVICES & TOOLING
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. List out any four CNC interpolation methods.
(May/Jun 2009)
(i) Linear Interpolation, (ii) Circular Interpolation (iii) Logarithmic Interpolation
(iv) Parabolic Interpolation (v) Helical Interpolation and (vi) Exponential
Interpolation
2. What is tool pre-setter?
(May/Jun 2007)
CNC tool pre-setter is a highly accurate device which is used to measure the CNC
machine tools. A tool pre-setter makes the CNC machinist life very easy.
3. What are qualified tools in a CNC machine?
(Nov/Dec 2005)
Tool which fits into a location on the machine, where its cutting edge is accurately
positioned within close limits or tolerance of (+ or 0.05) relative to a specified datum on
the tool holder or slide, is known as qualified tool.
4. What is the purpose of a feedback device in a CNC machine tool?
(Apr/May 2011)
(i) To check the proper running of all the parts of the CNC machine
(ii) To ensure zero error, monitoring and machine parameters levels and do the
corrections as required for true running.
(iii) To monitor the speed and position and also control the motion.
5. Mention the applications of Rotary encoders.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
Rotary encoders are used in many applications that require precise shaft
unlimited rotation including industrial controls, robotics, special purpose photographic
lenses, computer input devices (such as opto-mechanical mice and trackballs), controlled
stress rheometers, and rotating radar platforms.
6. What are the advantages of analog feedback devices?

(Apr/May 2011)
(i) Constant monitoring (ii) Highly reliable (iii) Availability in market
(iv) Highly efficient and (v) Replacement is very easy task.
7. What do you know about the principle of a resolver?
(Apr/May 2008)
A resolver is a type of rotary electrical transformer used for measuring
degrees of rotation. It is considered an analog device, and has a digital counterpart, the
rotary (or pulse) encoder.
65
8. Explain the interpolator function in a linear actuation system.

(Apr/May 2008)
The task of linear interpolator is to supply velocity commands to several axes
simultaneously in pps (pulses per second) where the ratio between the pulse frequencies
is equal to the ratio between the required incremental dimensions.
9. Mention a few control systems widely used in CNC machines.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
Fanuc, Siemens, Makino, Mitsubishi, Allen Bradley, Philips, Bosch etc.
10. What is meant by Encoder?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device that
converts the angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to an analog or digital code.
There are two main types: absolute and incremental (relative).
PART-B
(5 X 16 =80)
11. a. How are the incremental and absolute rotary encoders used in CNC machines? Explain
with diagrams.
(OR)
b. Discuss in detail the following terms.
(May/Jun 2007)
(i) Magnetic sensors for spindle orientation

(ii) Qualified Tools
(iii) Work holding devices used in CNC machines
12. a. Describe with neat sketches the working principle and advantages of the following
feedback devices.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
(i)Encoder
(ii)Linear Inductosyn
(OR)
b. Describe with neat sketches the working principle and advantages of the following
work holding devices.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
(i)Collets
(ii)Machine vice
13. a (i)Discuss the control and operational features available in a modern day CNC control
system.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
(OR)
b. (i) Discuss the properties of materials used for

CNC machines structure.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(ii)Explain the functions of digital differential analyzers in a CNC machine.

(Nov/Dec 2006)
14. a. State the purpose for using Encoders. Explain with a neat sketch how to measure the
speed of a spindle using Rotary Encoder.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(OR)
66
b. With a neat sketch explain the principle and operation of a typical resolver used in
CNC machine tools.
(Apr/May 2008)
15. a. (i)Discuss any four features available in a CNC control system and
(May/Jun 2009)
(ii)Enumerate with a neat sketch the working principle of a Linear Inductosyn.

(May/Jun 2009)
(OR)
b. Explain in detail the following terms with neat sketches
(i) Preset Tooling and
(ii) Qualified Tools
67

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT IV-CNC PART PROGRAMMING
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. What is a part program?
(May/Jun 2007)
Part programming begins with the careful study of the component drawing.
The tool path of the
CNC machine is then described in machine codes which usually takes the a general
form, some of the terms being optional.
2. What are M Codes? Give any two examples.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
It stands for miscellaneous function codes. This function pertains to auxiliary
or switching information which does not relate to dimensional movement of the
machine, such as spindle command, or coolant on/off and other functions.
3. How is CAD/CAM helpful in CNC part programming?
(Nov/Dec 2004)
By using CAD/CAM in industries are used for a wide variety of applications
and several design techniques can be done using this. The codes need not be written
and instead of that by using solid modeling and other softwares we can create the
component design and generate NC codes easily.
4. State the functions of the following G and M codes.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
G02- Circular Interpolation Clockwise G03- Circular Interpolation AntiClockwise M03-Spindle rotation M04- Spindle rotation Anti-Clockwise
5. Write down the contents of a CNC program block.
(Apr/May 2011)
The arrangement of the information within a block is referred as the program
block format
Ex: G01 X43.5 Z-39.52 F0.20;
6. What are canned cycles? Give examples.
(Apr/May 2011)
A canned cycle is a combination of machine moves that performs any one
particular machining
function such as drilling, milling, tapping etc.
68
7. List down the differences between manual and computer assisted part
programming.
(Apr/May2008)
S.No Manual Part Programming
Computer assisted part programming
i
Manual codes are being written by Automatically Programmed Tool
operators using G and M codes
position mode of programming is being
preferred
ii
Time consumes for writing the
Less time consuming since points and
program and needs lot of codes
other formats are readily available
8. What do you know about APT program structure?
(Apr/May 2008)
APTstands for Automatically Programmed Tool Position in which by using
geometric entities we can program provided that each of the allowable types can be
defined in several ways.
9. What is the use of block delete feature in programming? (Nov/Dec 2008)
Block Delete command is used to delete the entire contents o a line in a
program so that unwanted errors can be avoided. Some cases the entire program may
be deleted by using block delete button holding it enabled for a few specified time.
10. Write down the syntax for grooving cycle.
G75 R__;
G75 X__ Z__ P__ Q__ F__;
PART-B
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(5 X 16 =80)
11. a. (i) What is the difference between absolute and incremental programming?
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(ii) Write the complete part program to machine the component shown below in
Figure 1.
Figure. 1 All the dimensions are in mm

(OR)
b. What are the steps in CAD/CAM approach to part programming? (May/Jun 2007)
69
12. a. Write a CNC part program for the rotational component shown in Figure 2. Using
G and M codes. Any missing dimensions can be properly assumed.
(May/Jun 2007)

(OR)
b (i) Explain with an example each, any of the six G and M codes used in word
address format programming.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
(ii) Write a note on cutting tool materials and their property requirements.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
13. a (i)Describe with neat block the various steps in computer assisted part programming
with a neat sketch.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
(ii) Enumerate APT geometry and motion statements.
(Apr/May 2011)
(OR)
b. (i) Describe the programming procedure for CNC turning with one example.
(Apr/May 2011)
14. a. Write a CNC part program for the part shown in Figure 3. Mention the assumptions
made
(Apr/May 2008)

(OR)
70
b. Discuss APT post processor and auxiliary statements.
15. a.Discuss the major steps involved in generating NC part program.

(i) Using APT
(ii) From CAD models
(OR)
b. Write a note on the following with suitable sketches
(i) Circular interpolation in turning
(ii) Fixed Turning cycle
(iii) Fixed drilling cycle on machining centre
71
(Apr/May 2008)
(Nov/Dec 2008)

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT V-ECONOMICS & MAINTENANCE
PART-A
(10x2=20)
1. What are the practical constraints to introduce cnc machines in industries?
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(i) Aspects of control of temperature, humidity and dust (ii) Line voltage and
frequency fluctuations (iii) Other aspects like proper site, foundation, material
handling, training etc.
2. What are the overhead costs incurred in operation of cnc machines?
(Nov/Dec 2006)
Machine maintenance cost, Machine depreciation cost, Power consumption
cost, office costs, allowance for obsolescence and machine sudden brake down are
some of the overhead costs.
3. Name the four types of costs associated with any machining operation.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
(i) Machining Cost, Setting up cost, (ii) Floor-to-Floor cost, (iii) Cost of
preparing for production, (iv) Production costs, and (v) other related costs
4. State any four factors influencing the selection of cnc machines.(Nov/Dec 2004)
(i) Labour skill and labour cost (ii) Small Batches (iii) Repetition and (iv)
Complexity
5. State the various weekly activities to be performed in the preventive
maintenance of cnc machine tools.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
(i) Checking of abnormal equipment performance, (ii) Visual checks for oil
leaks
(iii) Cleanliness of filters and (iv) Proximity switches functioning checks etc.
6. How are non cutting times reduced in cnc machines.
(Apr/May 2011)
The facility allotted for automatic feeds and speeds, Automated material
handling (loading and unloading of components), and proper inspection and
maintenance will reduce the non cutting time in CNC machines to a great extent.
7. State any four aspects regarding maintenance of cnc machines.(Nov/Dec 2006)
(i) Cleaning the machines daily at the end of the shifts will reduce time and
errors
(ii) Inspection of all the proper working of various axes will avoid backlash
(iii) Proper air conditioning has to be provided and
72
(iv)The various lubricating areas have to be kept out from sparks and high
temperatures.
8. What are the basic maintenance requirements of cnc machines? (Apr/May 2008)
Daily cleaning of the machine, checking for turret indexing properly at the end
of the shifts
Cleaning coolant filters daily will avoid bad smell near the machine etc.
9. How will you select cnc machines based on applications?
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(i) The length and width of the component, (ii) The maximum weight of the
component
(iii) The slide maximum axes movements required and (iv) The type of control
system etc.
10. List down the major testing or inspection to be done at the time of procuring cnc
machines.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
The rated speed of the spindle, the indexing of the turret, the movement of the
slides rates as mentioned, the working of the control system, the proper working of
ATC and APC etc.
PART-B
(5 X 16 =80)
11. a. (i) What are the factors to be considered for evaluating the cost of cnc machines.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(ii) Explain the maintenance features of CNC machines.
(Nov/Dec2006)
(OR)
b. (i) What are the factors influencing the selection of CNC machines.(Nov/Dec 2006)
(ii) List out the maintenance functions to be carried out on cnc machines.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
12. a. Discuss the various costs involved in the operation of a CNC machine.
(May/Jun 2009)
(OR)
b. What are the predictive maintenance techniques that can be used for CNC machines?
(May/Jun 2009)
13. a.(i)Discuss about the practical aspects of introduction of CNC machines.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
(ii) Narrate on the maintenance activities involved in cnc machine environment
through examples.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
(OR)
73
b. (i) Enumerate the various steps in the preventive maintenance of CNC machine
tools.
14. a. List out the various factors influencing the selection of cnc machines and explain in
detail.
(Nov/Dec 2009)
(OR)
b. Explain how to select and apply break down and preventive maintenance for a
trainer model CNC lathe
(Nov/Dec 2006)
15. a Explain in detail about training for programmers and documentations in industries
(OR)
b. Explain in detail the following terms with neat sketches.
(i)Machine Diagnostics and
(ii) Factors influencing introduction of CNC machines
74
(Nov/Dec 2006)
ME 3306 THERMODYNAMICS PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

SYLLABUS
UNIT I
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
8
Thermodynamics microscopic and macroscopic point of view systems, properties,
process, path, cycle. Units pressure, temperature Zeroth law. First law application to
closed and open systems, internal energy, specific heat capacities CV and CP enthalpy.
UNIT II
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
8
Second Law of thermodynamics statements equivalents of Kelvin Plank and Clausius
statements. Reversibility Irreversibility, reversible cycle Carnot cycle and theorem.
UNIT III
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
11
Classification of IC engine - IC engine components and functions. Valve timing diagram and
port timing diagram - Comparison of two stroke and four stroke engines, Comparison of
petrol & diesel engine, Fuel supply systems, total fuel consumption, specific fuel
consumption, mechanical efficiency, BHP, IHP, FP - Ignition Systems, Lubrication system,
Cooling system, MPFI, DTSI, CRDI.
UNIT IV
REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING
8
Principles of refrigeration, refrigerator& heat pump cycle, refrigerants, refrigerant properties,
refrigerant selection, vapour compression refrigeration cycle, vapour absorption cycle, dry
bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, comfort air-conditioning,
Psychrometric chart, humidification, de-humidification, air coolers, cooling towers.
UNIT V
HEAT TRANSFER (Qualitative Treatment Only)
10
Heat transfer through conduction and convection, Fouriers law of conduction - Problems on
one dimensional heat conduction through plain walls, composite walls, cylinder walls,
spheres. Extended surfaces: Fins. Problems on heat transfer through rectangular fin,
triangular fin, circumferential fin, pin fin, fin efficiency, fin effectiveness. Heat transfer
through radiation, Stefan Boltzman Law, black body, grey body, shape factor. Types of Heat
Exchangers.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES
1. Nag P. K, Engineering Thermodynamics Tata McGraw-Hill, 2005.
2. Michael A. Boles, Yunus A. Cengel, Yunus Cengel, Thermodynamics, 2nd Edition,
McGraw-Hill India, 2006.
3. Dr. C.P. Kothandaraman, S.Domkundwar & A.V.Domkundwar, A course in Thermal
Engineering
DHANPATRAI & CO (P) LTD, Fifth edition, 2000.
4. Dr. C.P.Kothandaraman, Heat and Mass Transfer, New Age International (P) Publishers,
2002.
5. Holman.J.P., Thermodynamics, 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill, 2000.
75

QUESTION BANK
CLASS: III-YEAR/V-SEM
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT I - FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

PART-A
(10x2=20)
1.
Define first law of thermodynamics.

(May/Jun 2007)
The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is
always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed. In essence, energy can be
converted from one form into another.
2.
What are path and point functions?

(Nov/Dec 2005)
Change of state followed more points and form a path is called path function
Ex: Work transfer
Change of properties in a state called point function
Ex: Pressure, Volume and Temperature
3.
Explain intensive and extensive properties.

(Apr/May 2011)
Intensive properties are independent of mass. Example pressure, volume
and temperature.
Extensive properties are dependent of mass. Example Density and Total Volume.
4.
Show that work is path function.

P
1
a
b
work
(Nov/Dec 2008)
V
Process 1-2 is a work transfer under Path 1-b-2
5.
Define specific heat.

(Nov/Dec 2012)
It is defined as the amount of heat energy required raising or lowering the
temperature of unit mass of the substance through one degree.
6.
What is PMM-I? Why it is impossible?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
PMM of first kind delivers work continuously without any input. It violates
first law of thermodynamics. It is impossible to construct an engine working with
this principle.
76
7.
Explain open and closed system.

(Nov/Dec 2012)
In an open cycle both energy and mass transferred where as in closed cycle
only the energy transferred mass remains constant.
8.
State joules law of internal energy.

(Apr/May 2011)
Joule's second law says that the internal energy of a gas does not change if
volume and pressure change, but does change if temperature changes.
9.
Explain Quasi-static process.

(Nov/Dec 2005)
Quasi-static process is a process it have number of equilibrium states to attain
the final state from initial state.
10.
What is classical and statistical thermodynamics?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Study of behavior and properties of a system called classical
Thermodynamics Study of behavior and properties of a single atom or molecule
called classical thermodynamics
PART-B
11.
12.
13.
(5x16=80)
a.
Define zeroth law of thermodynamics and explain its applications to

measurement of the temperature
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
b.
A stationary system mass of compressed without friction from an initial state

of 0.3m3 and 0.105MPa to a final state of 0.15m3 and 0.105MPa, the pressure
remaining constant during the process. There is a transfer of 37.6Kj of the
heat from the gas during the process. How much does the internal energy
of the gas change?
(Nov/Dec 2012)
a.
A mass of gas is compressed in a quasi-static process from 80KPa, 0.1m3

to 0.4MPa, 0.03m3. Assuming the pressure related to the law of pvn=C, find the
work done by the gas system.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
b.
Air enters a compressor at 105Pa and 25C having the volume of 1.8m3/Kg and
is compressed to 5*105Pa isothermally. Determine the work done, internal
energy and heat transfer.
(Nov/Dec 2011)
a.
An ideal gas of molecular weight 30 and specific heat ratio 1.4 is compressed
according to the law of pv1.25=C, from 1 bar absolute 27C to a pressure of 16 bar.
Calculate the temperature at the end of compression, the heat received or rejected,
work done on the gas during the process and change in enthalpy. Assume mass
of the gas 1 kg.
(Apr/May 1995)
77
(OR)
14.
b.
A nozzle is a device for increasing the velocity of steadily flowing fluid at the inlet
to a `certain nozzle the specific enthalpy of the fluid is 3025Kj/kg and the velocity is
60m/s at the exit from the nozzle the specific enthalpy is 2790Kj/kg the nozzle is
horizontal and there is a negligible heat loss from it calculate the velocity of the
fluid at exit the rate of flow of fluid when the inlet area is 0.1m2 and the specific
volume at the inlet is 0.19m3/kg and the exit area of the nozzle when the specific
volume at the nozzle exit is 0.5m3/kg.
(Apr/May 2011)
a.
Prove that energy is the property of the system.
(Apr/May 1997)
(OR)
15.
b.
Air is compressed from 100KPa at 22C to a press of 1 MPa while being cooled
at rate of the 16Kj/kg by circulating water through the compressor casting. The
volume flow rate of air inlet condition is 150m3/min and power input to compressor
is 500 kW. Determine mass flow rate and temperature of air exit.
Neglect datum head.
(Apr/May 1997)
a.
Air at 100KPa and 280K is compressed steadily to 400K. the mass flow rate of the
air is 0.02kg/s and a heat loss of 16Kj/kg. Determine the necessary power
input to the compressor.
(Nov/Dec 2001)
(OR)
A centrifugal pump delivers water at the rate of 2730 kg/min by increasing the
pressure from 0.8bar to 2.8bar. The suction is 2m below the center of the pump
and delivery is 5m above the center of the pump. Find the power required to
run the pump. The suction and delivery pipe diameters are 15cm and
10cm respectively.
(Apr/May 2011)
b.
78

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT II - SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

PART-A
(10x2=20)
1.
Write two statements about second law of thermodynamics.

(Apr/May 2003)
Kelvin statement
It is impossible to construct a heat engine operating between source and
sink in a cyclic process without heat rejection to the sink.
Clausious statement
Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other
change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time.
2.
State Carnots theorem.

(Apr/May 2011)
Carnot's theorem states:
All heat engines between two heat reservoirs are less efficient than a
Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs.
Every Carnot engine between a pair of heat reservoirs is equally efficient,
regardless of the working substance employed or the operation details.
3.
What is PMM-II?
(Apr/May 2011)
PMM of second kind draws heat continuously from single reservoir and
converts it into equivalent amount of work. Thus it gives 100% efficiency.
4.
What do you understand by a reversible process?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
In thermodynamics, a reversible process or reversible cycle if the process
is cyclic is a process that can be "reversed" by means of infinitesimal changes in
some property of the system without entropy production.
5.
What are the processes involved in a carnot cycle?

Reversible isothermal expansion of the gas
Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) expansion of the gas
Reversible isothermal compression of the gas
Isentropic compression of the gas
6.
Define the term COP.

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Coefficient of performance is defined as the ratio of heat extracted or rejected
to work input.
79
(Nov/Dec 2010)
7.
What is corollary of Carnots theorem?

(Apr/May 2011)
The efficiency of any reversible heat engine operating between two reservoirs
is independent of the nature of the working fluid and depends only on the temperature
of the reservoirs.
8.
What is reversed heat engine?

(Apr/May 2011)
The reversed heat engine works on the principle of reversed Carnot cycle.
The heat engine produces work by absorbing heat from source and liberating
some heat to sink. The reversed heat engine transfers the heat from sink to the
source with the help of external work.
9.
What is heat pump?

(Nov/Dec 2012)
A heat pump is a device that provides heat energy from a source of heat to
a destination called a "heat sink".
10.
Explain availability.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
Available energy is the maximum portion of energy, which could be converted
into useful work by ideal process, which reduce the system to a dead state.
PART-B
(5x16=80)
11.
a.
Explain Carnots theorem and Carnots cycle in detail.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
12.
b.
What are reversible and irreversible processes? Explain the causes

of irreversibility.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
a.
Explain equivalents of Kelvin plank and classious statement.(Apr/May 2009)

(OR)
13.
b.
Explain classious theorem and classious ineuuality.
a.
Two reversible heat engines A and B are arranged in series. Engine A rejects
heat directly to B. engine A receives 200Kj at a temperature of 421C from the
hot source while engine B is in communication with a cold sink at a temperature
of 5C, if the work output of A twice that of B. Find intermediate temperature
between A and B, efficiency of each engine and heat rejected
to the sink
(Nov/Dec 2008)
(OR)
b.
Two carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The first one A receives heat
at 870Kj and rejects to a reservoir at temperature T. the second engine B receives
the heat rejected by the first engine and in turn rejects to a reservoir at 300K.
calculate the intermediate temperature T in C between two heat engine when work
output of the two engines are equal.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
80
(Nov/Dec 2010)
14.
15.
a.
A cyclic heat engine operates between a source at temperature of 1000C

and a sink at temperature of 40C. find the least rate of heat rejection per
kW net output of the engine.
(Apr/May 2011)
(OR)
b.
Heat is supplied from constant temperature sources at 1000K and 800K to

reversible heat engine and it rejects heat to a constant temperature sink
at 310K. the engine develops work equivalent to 100kW and rejects heat
at rate of 60kW. Find the heat supplied by each source. (May/June 2007)
a.
A steam power plant with a output of 150MW consumes coal at rate of

60tons/hr. if the heating value of coal is 30,000kJ/kg, determine the overall
efficiency of this plant.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
(OR)
b.
Two carnot engines C1 and C2 work in series between two reservoirs at

(T1) 1000C and (T2) 37C. If the heat received by C1 from T1 is 5 MJ
and efficiency of C1 is 1.25 times that of C2. Estimate the
output from C1 and C2.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
81

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT III - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

PART-A
1.
(10x2=20)
Define swept volume of an engine.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
Engine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the
cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead
centre (TDC) to bottom dead centre (BDC).
2.
What is specific fuel consumption?

(Nov/Dec 2012)
Specific fuel consumption may refer to:
i) Brake specific fuel consumption, fuel efficiency within a shaft reciprocating
engine
ii) Thrust specific fuel consumption, fuel efficiency of an engine design with
respect to thrust output
3.
Differentiate between compressions and spark ignition engines. (Nov/Dec 2010)

Compression ignition
Spark ignition
Fuel injectors used to inject the fuel to Spark plugs are used to ignite the
compression chamber.
combustion.
Fuel pump used to pump the fuel from tank Electric batteries are used to discharge the
to combustion chamber.
sparks.
4.
What are MPFI,CRDI and BHP?

MPFI: Multi Point Fuel Injection
CRDI: Common Rail Diesel Ignition
BHP : Brake Horse Power
5.
What is valve timing diagram?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
In a piston engine, the valve timing is the precise timing of the opening and
closing of the valves. In an internal combustion engine these are usually poppet
valves and in a steam engine they are usually slide valves or piston valves.
6.
Define scavenging.
(Apr/May 2011)
Scavenging is the process of pushing exhausted gas-charge out of the cylinder
and drawing in a fresh draught of air or fuel/air mixture for the next cycle.
82
(Nov/Dec 2010)
7.
List out any two type of lubrication and cooling system.

Lubrication system
Splash Systems
Combination Splash and Force Feed
Cooling system
Air cooling system
Liquid cooling system
(Apr/May 2011)
8.
What is the function of connecting rod and fly wheel?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
In a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod or conrod connects the
piston to the crank or crankshaft. Together with the crank, they form a simple
mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion.
A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy.
9.
Compare two stroke and four stroke engine.

(Apr/May 2011)
Stroke refers to the movement of piston in the engine. 2 stroke engines
make piston move twice and 4 stroke engines piston moves four times in
all the directions. Each movement of the piston (stroke) is characterized by
a unique activity of compression of fuel and generation of power.
10.
Compare petrol and diesel engines.

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Petrol is more volatile than diesel, not only because of the base constituents,
but because of the additives that are put into it.
Gasoline contains about 34.6 megajoules per litre (MJ/l)while diesel
contains about 38.6 megajoules per litre. This gives a higher power to diesel.
PART-B
11.
a.
(5x16=80)
i. compare two stroke and four stroke engines.

ii. compare diesel and petrol engines.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
12.
b.
Describe the function of carburetor and fly wheel in IC engine? (Nov/Dec 2010)
a.
Draw the valve timing diagram of the four stroke engine and label
the important activities and explain them.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
13.
b.
Explain the components of the IC engine with neat sketch.
a.
Explain common rail diesel ignition and multi point fuel injection system in detail.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
83
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b.
14.
a.
i. what is the function of lubrication system in IC engines?

Explain any two systems.
ii. What is the function of cooling system in IC engines?
Explain any two systems
Give a note on digital twin spark ignition system.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
15.
b.
Find the indicated power of a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke petrol engine using the
following data: diameter of the cylinder=20cm, stroke of the cylinder =24cm,
speed of the engine=1000r.p.m, indicated thermal efficiency=30%,
Air:Fuel ratio of the mixture used- 16:1. Calorific value of the
fuel used=4200 Kj/Kg. The charge is taken inside the cylinder at 1 bar and 30C.
Assume that the fuel is fully vaporized before entering into the cylinder.
Volumetric efficiency=75% at 1 bar and 0C.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
a.
The following observations are recorded during a trail of a 4-stroke single

cylinder engine. Area of the indicator diagram=8.35cm2, length of indicator
diagram=8.4cm, brake load=1500N, spring balance reading =200N,
spring number=5.5, speed=200rpm, cylinder diameter=30cm, stroke=45cm,
calculate, indicated power, brake power and mechanical efficiency.
(Apr/May 2011)
(OR)
b.
Explain the working of four stroke with neat sketch.
84
(Nov/Dec 2010)

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT IV REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING

PART-A
(10x2=20)
1.
State any four desirable properties of refrigerant.

(Nov/Dec 2012)
i.
Low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization
ii.
Dense vapor
iii.
Low toxicity
iv.
Non flammable
2.
What is relative humidity?

(Nov/Dec 2012)
Relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an
air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a prescribed
temperature. The relative humidity of air depends on temperature and the
pressure of the system of interest.
3.
What is refrigerator and heat pump?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Refrigerator
Refrigerator is a device which maintains the system temperature below
from the environment.
Heat pump
A heat pump is a device that provides heat energy from a source of heat to
a destination called a "heat sink"
4.
Mention some commonly used refrigerants.

i.
Trichlorofluoromethane
ii.
Dichlorodifluoromethane
iii.
Tetrafluoromethane
iv.
Methane
v.
Hexachloroethane
5.
What is psychrometric chart?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Psychrometric charts are graphic representations of the psychrometric
properties of air. The behavior of the air can be studied very conveniently and
accurately by using a psychrometric chart.
6.
Define ton of refrigeration.

(Apr/May 2011)
A ton of refrigeration is a unit of power used in some countries to describe
the heat-extraction capacity of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.
85
(Nov/Dec 2010)
7.
Define dry bulb temperature.

(Apr/May 2011)
The dry-bulb temperature (DBT) is the temperature of air measured by
a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and
moisture. DBT is the temperature that is usually thought of as air
temperature, and it is the true thermodynamic temperature. As a matter of
fact, it indicates the amount of heat in the air and it is directly proportional to the
mean kinetic energy of the air molecules.
8.
State desirable condition for comfort air conditioning.

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Environmental factor
Proposed norm
Air temperature
21 C
Average radiant temperature
21 C
Relative humidity
3070%
Speed of air flow
0.050.1 metre/second
Temperature gradient (from head to foot)
2.5 C
9.
Define wet bulb temperature.

(Nov/Dec 2012)
The thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature is the temperature a volume
of air would have if cooled adiabatically to saturation by evaporation of water
into it, all latent heat being supplied by the volume of air.
10.
What is specific humidity?

(Nov/Dec 2010)
Specific humidity, mass of water vapour in a unit mass of moist air,
usually expressed as grams of vapour per kilogram of air, or, in air conditioning,
as grains per pound.
PART-B
11.
12.
13.
(5x16=80)
a.
Explain the schematic diagram of vapour compression refrigeration cycle

with help of p-h chart.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b.
Explain the cooling and dehumidification process with suitable sketches,

show the process in a psychrometric chart.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
a.
Explain in detail about the split and window type air conditioning systems.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
(OR)
b.
Explain the vapour compression system with T-s and p-h diagrams.
Also derive the relation for C.O.P.
(Nov/Dec 2010)
a.
Explain the working of vapour absorptions system with help of a neat sketch.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
86
14.
15.
b.
What are cooling towers? Explain the principle of operation of cooling towers.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
a.
Explain psychromety and explain various properties of psychrometry.

(Nov/Dec 2012)
(OR)
b.
A Carnot refrigerator requires 1.3 Kw per ton of refrigeration to maintain

at a temperature of -35C. find the C.O.P of the refrigerator and high
temperature of the cycle. Also find the C.O.P when the device is
working as a heat pump.
(Apr/May 2011)
a.
What do you understand by comfort air conditioning? (Apr/May 2011)

(OR)
b.
Explain relative humidity and dry bulb temperature. (Nov/Dec 2010)
87

QUESTION BANK
MAX. MARKS: 100
UNIT V- HEAT TRANSFER

PART-A
1.
(10x2=20)
What do you understand by the term connective heat transfer co-efficient?

(May/June 2008)
The amount of heat which passes through a unit area of medium or system in
a unit time when the temperature difference between the boundaries of the system is one
degree.
2. How do you define the thermal conductivity of a material?

(May/June 2008)
Thermal conductivity is defined as the ability of a substance to conduct heat. Its unit
is W/mK
3. State Fouriers law of heat conduction.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
The rate of heat conduction is proportional to the area measured normal to the
direction of heat flow and to the temperature gradient in that direction.
4. What do you understand by black body and gray body?
(Nov/Dec 2007)
A black body in an ideal surface having the following properties
A black body absorbs all incident radiation regardless of wave length and
direction
For a prescribed temperature and wave length, no surface can emit more
energy than black body.
A gray body absorbs a definite percentage of incident radiations irrespective
of their wave length. The emissive power of a grey body is always less than that of the
black body.
5. What do you understand by conduction and convection heat transfer?
(May/Jun 2007)
Heat conduction is a mechanism of heat transfer, from a region of high temperature to
a region of low
temperature within a medium (solid, liquid or gases) or between different medium in
direct physical
contact. Pure conduction is found only in solids.
Convection is a process of heat transfer that will occur between a surface and a fluid
medium when
they are at different temperatures. Convection is possible only in the presence of fluid
medium.
88
6. Distinguish between free convection and forced convection

S.No
i.
ii.
iii.
Natural Convection
The force, which acts on the fluid to
cause its motion, is buoyancy force
Heat transfer coefficient is very less
The buoyancy force causing the flow
is directly proportional to the
temperature difference
(May/Jun 2007)
Forced Convection
The force, which acts on the fluid to cause
its motion, is due to a fan or blower
Heat transfer coefficient is very high
The force is independents of the
temperature difference causing that flow
7. What is critical thickness of insulation?

(Nov/Dec 2006)
The radius of insulation for which the heat transfer is maximum is called the
critical radius of insulation , and the thickness of insulation is known as critical
thickness.
8. Define radiation shape factor.
(Nov/Dec2006)
The shape factor is defined as the fraction of all the radiative energy that is
diffused from one surface
element and strikes the other surface directly with no
intervening reflections. Other names for the radiation shape factor are view factor, angle
factor, and configuration factor
9. Define emissivity.
(May/June 2003)
It is defined as the ability of the surface of a body to radiate the heat. It is also
defined as the ratio of the emissive power of any body to the emissive power of a black
body of equal temperature.
10. Briefly explain black body, opaque body and white body with reference to
absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity.
(May/June 2004)
A body which absorbs all the incident radiation is called black body. It has
absorptivity of one.
A body which do not transmits any radiation is called opaque body. It has
transmissivity of zero.
A body which reflects all the radiation is called white body. It has reflectivity of one.
PART-B
11.
a.
(5 X 16 =80)
Enumerate the three modes by which the heat can be transferred from one
place to another. Which is the slowest of all?
(May/June 2008)
(OR)
b.
A body at 1000 C in black surroundings at 500 C has an emissivity of

0.42 at 1000 C and an emissivity of 0.72 at 50 C. Calculate the rate
of heat loss by radiation/m2.
89
(i) When the body is assumed to be grey with = 0.42

(ii) When the body is not grey. Assume that the absorptivity is
independent of the surface temperature.
(May/June 2008)
12.
13
a.
i.
ii.
Explain conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer with examples.

Obtain an expression for heat conduction through a cylinder with neat sketch.
(May/Jun 2006)
(OR)
b.
i.
What do you understand by black body and grey body? Explain them.
(Nov/Dec2012)
ii.
Discuss the method of liquid cooling and immersion cooling of electronic chips.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
Derive an expression for the quantity of heat flow through a hollow sphere.
a.
i.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
ii.
b.
14
i.
Hot air at a temperature of 60 C is flowing through a steel pipe of

10 cm diameter. The pipe is covered with two layers of different
insulating materials of thicknesses 5cm and 3cm, and their
corresponding thermal conductivities are 0.23 and 0.37 W/mK.
The inside and outside heat transfer coefficients are 58 and 12W/m2 K.
The atmosphere is at 25 C. Find the rate of heat loss from a 50 m length
of pipe . Neglect the resistance of steel pipe.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
(OR)
Water flows inside a tube 5cm in diameter and 3m long at a velocity of
0.8 m/s. Determine the heat transfer coefficient and the rate of heat
transfer if the mean water temperature is 50 C and the wall is
isothermal at 70 C. For water at 60 C take k=0.66W/mK,
v=0.478*10-6 m2/s and Pr = 2.98.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
Obtain an expression for heat conduction through a plane wall.
(May/Jun 2007)
b.
ii.
Hot air at temperature of 65 C is flowing through a steel pipe of 120 mm

diameter. The pipe is covered with two layers of different insulating
materials of thicknesses 60 mm and 40 mm and their corresponding thermal
conductivities are 0.24 and 0.4 W/mC. The inside and outside heat transfer
coefficients are 60 and 12 W/m2C. The atmosphere is at 20C. Find the rate
of heat loss from a 60 m length of pipe.
(May/Jun 2007)
(OR)
i.
Define black body, grey body, radiation shape factor and fin efficiency.
(May/June 2007)
90
ii.
Explain the various types of heat exchangers in detail.

(May/June 2007)
15.
a.
i.
ii.
Explain in detail the following terms with neat sketches.

Fouriers law of conduction.
Newtons law of cooling
Iii Fins and its types

Iv
Types of convection and significance of dimensionless groups

(OR)
b.
i.
What are radiation shape factors? Why are they used?

(Nov/Dec 2007)
ii.
Explain briefly the methods of liquid cooling systems used in chip cooling.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
Iii Air at 20C is flowing along a heated plate at 134C at a velocity of 3 m/s.
The plate is 2m long and 1.5 m wide. Calculate the thickness of the
hydrodynamic boundary layer and the skin friction coefficient at 40 cm
from the leading edge of the plate. The kinematic viscosity of air at
20C is 15.06*10-6 m2/s.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
91

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS,

III YEAR / V SEMESTER

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

6. What is meant by 2 pulse converter?

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

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It requires feedback diodes

It does not requires feedback diodes

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MAHARAJA ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS, COIMBATORE & AVINASHI

On-Off (Integral) Control

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6. What is meant by step up Cyclo-Converter?