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    Bidhu Final V36by48 2

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    Pedro Xavier
    1) Researchers are using machine learning and convolutional neural networks to classify galaxies as colliding or non-colliding based on images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. 2) An initial sample of 200 pre-classified galaxy images were used to train the neural network, which was then able to correctly classify colliding galaxies 85% of the time but misclassified some as non-colliding. 3) Future work will focus on expanding the sample size to 40,000 galaxies and exploring other machine learning methods to improve classification accuracy.

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    Bidhu Final V36by48 2

    Uploaded by

    Pedro Xavier
    98 views1 page
    1) Researchers are using machine learning and convolutional neural networks to classify galaxies as colliding or non-colliding based on images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. 2) An initial sample of 200 pre-classified galaxy images were used to train the neural network, which was then able to correctly classify colliding galaxies 85% of the time but misclassified some as non-colliding. 3) Future work will focus on expanding the sample size to 40,000 galaxies and exploring other machine learning methods to improve classification accuracy.

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    Bidhu Final v36by48 2

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    1) Researchers are using machine learning and convolutional neural networks to classify galaxies as colliding or non-colliding based on images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. 2) An initial sample of 200 pre-classified galaxy images were used to train the neural network, which was then able to correctly classify colliding galaxies 85% of the time but misclassified some as non-colliding. 3) Future work will focus on expanding the sample size to 40,000 galaxies and exploring other machine learning methods to improve classification accuracy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    98 views1 page

    Bidhu Final V36by48 2

    Uploaded by

    Pedro Xavier
    1) Researchers are using machine learning and convolutional neural networks to classify galaxies as colliding or non-colliding based on images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. 2) An initial sample of 200 pre-classified galaxy images were used to train the neural network, which was then able to correctly classify colliding galaxies 85% of the time but misclassified some as non-colliding. 3) Future work will focus on expanding the sample size to 40,000 galaxies and exploring other machine learning methods to improve classification accuracy.

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    Big Data of the Huge Universe (BIDHU)

    When Galaxies Collide A Machine Learning Approach

    Duilia F. de Mello1,2, Felipe Augusto de Castro e Silva1,3, Gabriel Alexandre Santos4,5, Pedro Xavier4,6
    1The Catholic University of America, 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 3 University of Campinas,
    4 Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA), 5Uniandrade PR, 6Federal Institute of Goias

    Abstract
    We present the latest results of an ongoing research project searching for clues regarding
    the evolution of galaxies. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is in an active process of collision
    with small dwarf galaxies and will collide with the large Andromeda galaxy in approximately
    4 billion years from now. In this project, we are searching for evidence that other galaxies
    are going through similar processes. We are using the largest database of the universe,
    known as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to search for colliding galaxies. First we selected
    a small slice of the universe and were able to identify 100 candidates. We improved our
    search code and later we were able to select 40,000 pairs of galaxies. We are now in the
    process of implementing a code that is training the computer (Machine Learning) to
    verify whether these pairs of galaxies are in advanced stages of collision. Here we present
    the latest results on the Machine Learning Approach.

    Galaxies Collision through Convolutional Neural Networks


    We adopt a machine learning approach that uses a convolutional neural network to
    determine, from galaxies images, whether there is or not a collision. Results were
    considerable successful and some new approaches were proposed to improve the method in
    future works.
    Convolutional Neural Networks are mathematical models inspired by the organization of
    the animal visual cortex that are largely used in image processing and recognition. Their
    operation can be compared to the human eye; for example, if you see a dog, in a small amount
    of time, your eye will register the image, transform it into electric pulses, send it to some
    neurons that are going to classify the data and make you understand that there is a dog in
    front of you. In this work, we make a learning machine see some galaxies images and
    classify them as colliding or non-colliding galaxies.






    To make this classification possible, we need to teach the mathematical model how to
    understand whether these galaxies are colliding or not. This is done through a process
    named training, in which were presented 200 pre-classified galaxies by eye by our team to
    the machine (100 colliding galaxies and 100 non-colliding galaxies) to make it understand
    which images contain colliding galaxies and which contain non-colliding galaxies.
    COLLIDING and
    NOT












    Interested in joining the BIDHU project? Email [email protected], follow our posts on
    LinkedIn and come to 206 Hannan Hall.
    We have billions of galaxies to classify and many discoveries to be made!

    Examples of colliding galaxies discovered by the BIDHU team






    Results
    Various architectures of convolutional neural networks
    were tested. In the best outcome, in a set of 80 images (40
    colliding galaxies and 40 non-colliding galaxies), the
    galaxies in the images classified as colliding were really in
    collision, but 12 colliding galaxies were misclassified as
    non-colliding, what is called underfitting.

    We conclude that our trained machine was 85% of the
    time correct BUT current sample is small and need to
    be increased!!!

    YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
    YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
    YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
    YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
    NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
    NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
    NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
    NO NO NO NO












    Conclusions and future work


    Our method can already be used to classify real data.
    Due to hardware processing narrows and the number of
    available previous classified images, more complex
    architectures could not be tested yet.
    Many other machine learning methods can be
    aggregated for more precise results.
    Expand classification to 40,000 galaxies soon
    We will create a GUI that will allow each user to select a
    galaxy on the screen and let the device do the
    classification.

    The BIDHU Project A Success Story


    Two years ago D. de Mello embarked in a BIG DATA
    project that she didn't have much experience with, but
    she could see the potential it had in introducing
    undergrads to research.

    Most of the students she talked to had heard of big data,
    but when they accepted working on this project they had
    no idea that their database would be the entire
    universe!

    Today we are a group of 10 people spread in the US and
    in Brazil working on a project we call the Big Data of the
    Huge Universe (BIDHU). This is what we have
    accomplished so far:

    First step: sample selection by undergraduate studens
    at CUA W. Barbosa, Ana Nascimento (visiting), Rocio
    Rossi : 100 colliding galaxies
    Second step: expand sample with international
    collaborators A. Borges, M. Goya, S. Puga: 40,000
    candidates
    Third step: machine learning by undergraduate
    students at CUA and NOVA Felipe de Castro e Silva,
    Gabriel A. Santos, Pedro Xavier

    1 undergraduate thesis in computer science W.
    Barbosa (UFAL)
    1 honorable mention on science fair of undergrads
    Ana C. Nascimento (UFRJ)
    2 conference presentations Rocio Rossi (CUA) and
    Ana C. Nascimento (UFRJ).

    Summary
    This work uses a machine learning approach through
    Convolutional Neural Networks to classify galaxy
    images as colliding and non-colliding
    Convolutional Neural Networks are mathematical
    models that are largely used to classify image data.
    200 pre-classified images were used to train the neural
    network.
    Various neural network architectures were tested and
    there are good outcomes for colliding images
    classification (85% success), but larger sample is
    required.
    Future work may use other machine learning methods
    to improve the results and will expand it to 40,000
    galaxies.

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