89.full INDIA
89.full INDIA
89.full INDIA
Literature
http://jcl.sagepub.com/
India
Shyamala A. Narayan
The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 2008 43: 89
DOI: 10.1177/0021989408099565
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India
compiled and introduced by Shyamala A. Narayan
Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
Introduction
A number of interesting first novels have appeared on a variety of
subjects. Kausalya Saptharishis The TamBrahm Bride is a satirical portrait
of marriage in present-day India; Sushil Guptas The Fourth Monkey
portrays a college lecturer in Delhi, while Anjum Hasans Lunatic in
My Head is about life in Shillong. Sucharit Rajadhyakshas The Circle
for Vice is a thriller set in Pune. Suri and Bals A Certain Ambiguity is
A Mathematical Novel, while Ambarish Satwiks Perineum: The Nether
Parts of the Empire employs medical terminology. First books of fiction
dealing with diasporic life include Rishi Reddis Karma and Other Stories
and Monicaradhans The Hindi-Bindi Club. Established novelists like
Tabish Khair and Timeri Murari have published new novels. A number
of novels are based on factual events: Nikita Lalwanis Gifted, Anuradha
Marwahs Dirty Picture, and Indra Sinhas Animals People. Poets, old
and new, have brought out volumes of poetry. However, the outstanding
book of the year 2007 is non-fiction: Multiple Facets of My Madurai by
Manohar Devadoss.
Multiple Facets of My Madurai contains sixty-six meticulously executed
drawings. Of these, twenty-six have appeared in his first novel, Green
Well Years (1997), which recreated life in the temple town of Madurai
in the 1940s50s. The portfolio contains detailed drawings of the important buildings of Madurai like the Meenakshi Amman Temple, and
its ornamented gopurams (towers), Regal Talkies (the cinema house),
the Collectorate, Thirumalai Nayaks Mahal (palace), the American
College (which houses SCILET the Study Centre for Indian Literature
in English and Translation), and St Marys Cathedral. There are also
beautiful rural scenes. The text provides a comprehensive introduction
to Madurais history and cultural ethos. It is also an autobiographical
record of the writers visual and artistic journey, and the reader cannot
Copyright 2008 SAGE Publications http://jcl.sagepub.com
(Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC)
Vol 43(4): 89121. DOI: 10.1177/0021989408099565
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and dream sequences. It begins in 1929, in the early days of the Indian
film industry, with Harihar, a bioscope-wallah who makes a living by
travelling from village to village exhibiting silent black-and-white films.
Harihar fulfils his dream of owning a film studio by giving up son Ashok
to a rich landowner for adoption. The novel touches upon the communal
tensions in India; each reel is prefaced by the nightmarish rambling of
a young Hindu bigot, in January 1948, who hopes to get glory by setting
fire to the film studio. Filming repays re-reading; there are so many clues
and references we can pick up only on a second reading (Harihar and
Durga for example, are names of characters in Rays Pather Panchali,
while Amar Akbar Anthony is the title of a popular film with Hindu,
Muslim and Christian heroes). The novel presents climactic moments
of Indian history through the lives of characters based on real people
(like the writer Saadat Hasan Manto) and fictional characters related
to the film industry.
Many novels published this year describe life in contemporary India.
Kausalya Saptharishis debut novel The TamBrahm Bride examines
the institution of arranged marriage through the experiences of Shalini
(Shalu), the daughter of an upper middle class Tamil Brahmin living
in Delhi (like the author herself). It starts with matching horoscopes,
and goes on to innumerable Bride-Viewing ceremonies. The boy
(that is how he is referred to, even if he is in his forties) and his relatives
consider themselves a superior class of human beings, who have to be
placated at all costs. The narrative is in the comic mode, but includes a
critical portrait of Tamil Brahmin society. Other Indian English novelists
freely use words and phrases from Hindi; Kausalya transliterates Tamil
words (manga sundal; neighbourhood mamis in their pattu saris and
mallipoo-bedecked hair). The TamBrahm Bride is a good read, and one
looks forward to more fiction from this young writer.
Sudha Murty writes both in Kannada and English. Dollar Bahu, a
novel based on her own original in Kannada, is a poignant story of a
middle-class family in Bangalore, and the consequences of the elder son
migrating to America. Chandru, a civil engineer, dreams of going abroad.
When he is sent to the USA on deputation for one and a half years, he
joins the skippers, people who take employment with an American
company without informing their original company. Gouramma, his
mother, shares his dreams of the Dollar, that magic green currency.
She admires Jamuna, the rich girl he marries, and ill-treats Vinuta, the
caring but poor girl her younger son Girish has married.
A Girl and a River, K.R. Ushas third novel after Sojourn (1998) and
The Chosen (2003), which covers fifty years (1937 to 1987) in south India,
won the Vodafone Crossword Book Award. The narrator, a young woman,
has always been conscious that there is some deep tension at home. Setu,
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her father, and mother hardly talk to each other. The narrative goes back
and forth in time. The story begins in 1937; Kaveri and Setu are growing up
in a small town in Mysore. Their father Mylariah venerates the British, and
is dismissive of Mahatma Gandhi and the freedom struggle. The narrator
pieces together the story of her aunt Kaveri, who wanted to participate
in the Quit India movement against the wishes of her father.
Brinda Charry is a professor of English at Keene State College in
New Hampshire, yet her second novel, Naked in the Wind, is set entirely
in India, just like her first novel The Hottest Day of the Year (2001). Life
in middle-class Bangalore is recreated faithfully, with an Anglo-Indian
family living next door to an old Brahmin family. A news report about the
rape of some Roman Catholic nuns disturbs the outwardly even tenor of
their lives. Charry employs eight narrators, including Kathy; her mother
Marie; Shanthi; her daughter Priya; her mother-in-law Jamuna; and their
maid Rani. Kathy and Marie are presented with an inwardness which
reveals the problems faced by the Anglo-Indians. The tensions within
Shanthis family remind one of the Brahmin family in Disorderly Women
(2005) by Malathi Rao, which won the Sahitya Akademi Award this year.
This is Raos second novel; she had earlier published The Bridge: A Novel
(1990), short stories, and a volume of verse. Disorderly Women gives us a
vivid picture of the circumscribed lives of women in the second quarter
of the twentieth century. The autocracy of the patriarch, Seshagiri Rao,
ruins their lives he treats his self-sacrificing wife Venku Bai cruelly, and
does not let his daughter Kamala marry the young man of her choice.
Society is changing; we can also see the changes in the city of Bangalore,
where gracious old houses are being replaced by multi-storeyed flats.
Timeri Muraris twelfth novel The Small House examines modern
marriage in Chennai (Madras). Women are choosing not to accept old
strictures, now that they have the economic independence to defy them.
It has been an accepted practice for men of means to maintain a mistress
in a separate establishment the Tamil term for this was china veedu,
literally, small house. Roopmati, a historian and sole surviving heir of
a defunct kingdom, discovers that her husband, a business tycoon, has a
mistress. Her close friend Tazneem, a Muslim girl, has married a high caste
Hindu boy, and later discovers that her husband is bi-sexual. Murari
also author of Taj (1985), a historical novel makes an interesting use
of history here. The protagonist Roopmati attempts to come to terms
with the situation and is helped along by the imaginary dialogues she
has with a historical figure, Rani Rupmati of Mandu, in sixteenth century
India, who became a legend for her constancy in love.
Raji Narasimhan, author of five novels, has brought out a collection
of short stories, The Illusion of Home. Like her novels, the short
fiction presents an unvarnished picture of life in India, focusing on the
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the narrators sex life. Cricket, Indias national obsession, is the theme of
novelist Mukul Kesavans book of non-fiction, Men in White. The book
discusses various aspects of cricket, from match-fixing to unfair umpiring
decisions. His reminiscences of the street cricket he played as a child in
New Delhi reveal a less known facet of the city.
Anjum Hasans first book of poems, Street on the Hill, was published
in 2006. Now she has brought out a novel, Lunatic in My Head. Shillong
is seen through the eyes of three characters: middle-aged Firdaus Ansari,
a teacher of English literature; Aman Moondy, an I.A.S. aspirant; and
Sophie Das, an eight-year-old girl. All three are Dkhar the Khasi word
for non-tribal, though they were born in Shillong and have lived there
all their life. Hasans love for Shillong is prominent, and the poet in her is
revealed in the lyrical descriptions. Another first novel set in this region
is A Terrible Matriarchy by Easterine Iralu, about the Angami tribals
of Nagaland. She deals with sensitivity with the question of identity.
Caught between the militants demand for freedom and the repression
of the Indian state, many young people have lost hope and turned to
alcohol and drugs.
Two other novelists have concentrated on a particular city: Amber
Dusk by Rajat Chaudhuri has been praised for its evocation of Calcutta
and Paris, while Munmun Ghoshs Hushed Voices attempts to let the
suppressed of Bombay speak.
Some novels published this year are based on real life incidents. The
case of a young British girl with a gift for mathematics running away
from her domineering father and seeking police protection was reported
in the newspapers. In Nikita Lalwanis Gifted, Mahesh Vasi, an Indian
immigrant settled at Cardiff, dominates his young daughter Rumika,
a gifted mathematician, and makes her pass her A levels at the age of
fifteen and get into Oxford University. The child is denied a normal life;
her parents are paranoid about the permissive social life in Britain,
Rumika is punished if she even talks to boys. The novel ends with her
running away from the university examination hall to find shelter in a
foster home. Gifted was on the Booker Prize long list, so was Animals
People. Indra Sinhas Animals People which won the Commonwealth
Writers Prize for the best book from Europe and South Asia, is based on
the Bhopal Gas tragedy, when poison gas leaked from Union Carbides
factory in December 1984 and killed and maimed thousands.
The postcolonial critic Amitav Kumar has written five books of
non-fiction, the most recent being The Husband of a Fanatic (2005).
His first novel, Home Products starts with the protagonist, a journalist,
investigating the Amarmani Tripathi case. In 2003, Amarmani Tripathi,
a former minister in Uttar Pradesh (Bihar in the novel) was suspected
of killing Madhumita, a young poetess who was pregnant with his child.
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