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    Diaphragm Walls

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    Ronald De Guzman
    Diaphragm walls are vertically constructed concrete walls used for underground construction projects. They are built by excavating deep trenches and maintaining stability with drilling fluid. Wall panels ranging from 2.5-7 meters are constructed using mechanical grabs or hydromills, which cut through materials like soft rock. When built adjacent to each other, they form retaining walls with joints sealed by stop ends. Diaphragm walls are well-suited for deep basements and "top down" construction, where above-ground work can progress simultaneously with excavation.

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    Diaphragm Walls

    Uploaded by

    Ronald De Guzman
    93 views2 pages
    Diaphragm walls are vertically constructed concrete walls used for underground construction projects. They are built by excavating deep trenches and maintaining stability with drilling fluid. Wall panels ranging from 2.5-7 meters are constructed using mechanical grabs or hydromills, which cut through materials like soft rock. When built adjacent to each other, they form retaining walls with joints sealed by stop ends. Diaphragm walls are well-suited for deep basements and "top down" construction, where above-ground work can progress simultaneously with excavation.

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    Diaphragm Walls

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    Diaphragm walls are vertically constructed concrete walls used for underground construction projects. They are built by excavating deep trenches and maintaining stability with drilling fluid. Wall panels ranging from 2.5-7 meters are constructed using mechanical grabs or hydromills, which cut through materials like soft rock. When built adjacent to each other, they form retaining walls with joints sealed by stop ends. Diaphragm walls are well-suited for deep basements and "top down" construction, where above-ground work can progress simultaneously with excavation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    93 views2 pages

    Diaphragm Walls

    Uploaded by

    Ronald De Guzman
    Diaphragm walls are vertically constructed concrete walls used for underground construction projects. They are built by excavating deep trenches and maintaining stability with drilling fluid. Wall panels ranging from 2.5-7 meters are constructed using mechanical grabs or hydromills, which cut through materials like soft rock. When built adjacent to each other, they form retaining walls with joints sealed by stop ends. Diaphragm walls are well-suited for deep basements and "top down" construction, where above-ground work can progress simultaneously with excavation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Further information:

    Cementation Skanska
    skanska.co.uk/cementation
    [email protected]

    Diaphragm Walls

    Application
    Diaphragm walls can be used
    in most ground conditions
    to construct underground
    stations in city centres,
    multi-level underground
    car parks, road junctions
    and underpasses, and open
    cut and cut & cover rail
    tunnels as well as deep
    shafts for tunnel ventilation,
    intervention shafts and
    water treatment plants.
    Diaphragm walls are often
    located in confined innercity areas where space is at a
    premium.
    Diaphragm walls are typically
    constructed in reinforced
    concrete to provide the
    required structural capacity,
    but they may also be
    designed as unreinforced
    plastic cut offs (or slurry
    walls) to stop water flow
    through porous strata.
    Diaphragm walls are typically
    20m to 50m deep, but may
    extend to considerably
    greater depth.
    Advantages
    Box outs can be
    incorporated in
    diaphragm walls to
    facilitate easy connections
    for slabs, stairs, etc
    Waterbar can be
    incorporated
    Less joints required than a
    piled wall
    Top-down basement
    construction gives
    significant advantages in
    programme
    Trademark
    CEMLOC
    Patents
    UK Patent No. 2371069
    Europe (DK, FI, IE, IT, NL,SE)
    Pub No. 1223248
    Hong Kong Pub No. 1045720
    USA Patent No. 6739805
    USA Pub No. 2002119013

    07/10/09 Rev 6

    Diaphragm walling refers to the in-situ


    construction of vertical walls by means of deep
    trench excavations. Stability of the excavation is
    maintained by the use of a drilling fluid, usually a
    bentonite suspension.
    The walls are constructed in discrete panel
    lengths ranging typically between 2.5m and
    7.0m using purpose built grabs or, in appropriate
    circumstances, milling machines (hydromills).
    Excavation is typically carried out using either
    rope-suspended mechanical or hydraulically
    operated grabs. Standard grabs range in weight
    from 8-20 tonnes. The grabs are mounted on 80120 tonne hydraulic base crane units providing
    stability and suitable line pull.
    Specific applications and ground conditions
    demand the use of hydromills hydraulically
    operated reverse circulation trench cutters where
    the excavation technique is by 'cutting' as opposed
    to 'digging'. This technique is appropriate for
    deeper diaphragm walls and walls located in
    granular materials and soft rock.

    Where panels are constructed in a line, abutting


    one another to form a retaining wall, the term
    diaphragm walling applies. Purpose made stop
    ends are used to form the joints between adjacent
    panels and a water bar can be incorporated across
    these joints. Where additional bending moment
    capacity or wall stiffness is required more
    complicated arrangements can be constructed, e.g.
    'L' shaped or 'T' shaped panels.
    Standard widths of diaphragm walling equipment
    are 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1500mm although
    greater can be provided. Depths are typically
    constructed up to 50m using grabs and up to
    80m using standard hydromills. One significant
    advantage of using diaphragm walling is the
    facility to incorporate floor slab connections and
    recessed formwork into the walls.
    Verticality tolerances are typically up to 1:200 and
    onboard monitoring is now available to provide
    real-time monitoring of excavation accuracy.
    Management of the bentonite or alternative
    drilling fluid requires controlled use of specialist

    desanding, desilting and centrifuge equipment.


    Unit capacities range from 100 to 500m/hour.
    Diaphragm walls are particularly suited in the
    construction of deep basements when used
    in conjunction with "top down" construction
    techniques. The "top down" method of construction
    is designed to enable above ground construction
    work to be carried out simultaneously with the
    excavation of the basement resulting in significant
    saving of time on a project.

    07/10/09 Rev 6

    The technique can be further enhanced when


    columns are accurately installed into bearing piles,
    cut off below basement slab level. Cementation
    Skanskas unique CEMLOC device enables steel
    columns to be plunged and accurately located into
    piles to structural engineering tolerances, even
    when the piles are constructed using drilling fluid,
    such as bentonite.

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