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    Blood Test

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    Vickram Jain
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    Blood Test

    Uploaded by

    Vickram Jain
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    17 views7 pages

    Blood Test

    Uploaded by

    Vickram Jain
    ff

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Blood test

    A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed


    on a blood sample that is usually extracted
    from a vein in the arm using a needle, or via
    fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood
    components (such as a glucose test or a
    cholesterol test) are often grouped together
    into one test panel called a blood panel or
    blood work. Blood tests are often used in
    health care to determine physiological and
    biochemical states, such as disease, mineral
    content, pharmaceutical drug effectiveness,
    and

    organ

    function.

    Typical

    clinical

    blood

    panels include a basic metabolic panel or a


    complete blood count. Blood tests are also
    used in drug tests to detect drug abuse. In
    some of the United States, a blood test is
    required before marriage; historically, this was
    previously true in more states.
    On 30 October 2015, researchers at the
    VUMC Cancer Center Amsterdam reported
    developing a blood test that, from a single
    drop of blood, can diagnose cancer with a

    probability

    of

    97%,

    and

    about

    6-8%

    probability of a false diagnosis, in healthy


    patients.

    Extraction
    Vacutainer blood bottles
    Venipuncture is useful as it is a minimally
    invasive way to obtain cells and extracellular
    fluid (plasma) from the body for analysis.
    Blood flows throughout the body, acting as a
    medium which provides oxygen and nutrients
    to tissues and carries waste products back to
    the

    excretory

    systems

    for

    disposal.

    Coincidentally, the state of the bloodstream


    affects, or

    is

    affected

    by, many

    medical

    conditions. For these reasons, blood tests are


    the most commonly performed medical tests.
    If only a few drops of blood are needed, a
    fingerstick is performed instead of drawing
    blood from a vein.
    Phlebotomists,

    laboratory

    practitioners

    and

    nurses are those charged with patient blood


    extraction. However, in special circumstances,
    and emergency situations, paramedics and
    physicians

    sometimes

    extract

    blood.

    Also,

    respiratory therapists are trained to extract


    arterial blood to examine arterial blood gases.

    Types of blood tests


    Samples of human blood collected for testing.
    The barcodes contain information that is used
    to identify the individual from whom the
    sample

    was

    requested.

    taken

    and

    the

    blood

    test

    Biochemical analysis
    A basic metabolic panel measures sodium,
    potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea
    nitrogen
    glucose,

    (BUN),
    and

    magnesium,

    sometimes

    creatinine,

    includes

    calcium.

    Blood tests focusing on cholesterol levels can


    determine LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, as
    well as triglyceride levels.
    Some blood tests, such as those that measure
    glucose or a lipid profile, require fasting (or no
    food consumption) eight to twelve hours prior
    to the drawing of the blood sample.
    For the majority of blood tests, blood is
    usually

    obtained

    from

    the

    patient's

    vein.

    However, other specialized blood tests, such


    as

    the

    arterial

    blood

    gas,

    require

    blood

    extracted from an artery. Blood gas analysis of


    arterial blood is primarily used to monitor
    carbon dioxide and oxygen levels related to
    pulmonary function, but it is also used to
    measure blood pH and bicarbonate levels for
    certain metabolic conditions.

    While the regular glucose test is taken at a


    certain point in time, the glucose tolerance
    test involves repeated testing to determine the
    rate at which glucose is processed by the
    body.

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