N 519190727 F 7 Ef

B. K. SR. SEC.
PUBLIC SCHOOL
BAWANI KHERA
SECTION D
Textual Question - 20 Marks
Questions on the prescribed textbooks will test comprehension at
different levels: literal, inferential and evaluative based on the following
prescribed textbooks:
1. Hornbill
2. Snapshots
Text Book published by NCERT, New Delhi

12 Marks
Supplementary Reader published by NCERT, New
Delhi
08 Marks
The following have been deleted:

Hornbill
1. Landscape of the Soul
2. The Adventure
3. Silk Road
4. The Laburnum Top (Poetry)
Snapshots
5. The Ghat of the only World
A PHOTOGRAPH
Shirley Toulson
SUMMARY:
The cardboard; here it refers to the photo frame; showed the speaker how
life was when the two cousin sisters went paddling; to propel or travel in
a canoe or the like by using a paddle: to row lightly or gently with oars:
to move by means of paddle wheels, as a steamer: to propel with a
paddle: to spank or beat with or as with a paddle: to stir, mix, or beat
with or as with a paddle: to convey by paddling, as a canoe: here it
means walked barefoot in shallow water; with each one of them holding
the speakers mothers hands. The bigger girl of the cousin sisters must
be about twelve years old. All three of them stood still shoulder to
shoulder to smile through their long hair at the camera whose picture
was taken by the uncle holding it. The mother had a sweet and pleasant
smile before her child was born into this world. The sea in which they
were paddling; which seemed to not have been changed; washed their
terribly transient; not lasting, enduring, or permanent; transitory: lasting
only a short time; existing briefly; temporary: staying only a short
time: here it means short lived; wet feet.
Department of English
B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

BAWANI KHERA
After twenty to thirty years later, the mother took out the photograph
and laughed at the snapshot. The two cousin sisters were Betty and
Dolly. She found it so hilarious at the manner that they dressed up for
the beach. The sea holiday was her past for the mother while it was
laughter for the speaker. Both mother and daughter wry; produced by a
distortion or lopsidedness of the facial features: abnormally bent or
turned to one side; twisted; crooked: devious in course or purpose;
misdirected; contrary; perverse: distorted or perverted, as in meaning:
bitterly or disdainfully ironic or amusing; at the labored ease of loss. But
now the mother has been dead for the past few years just as one of those
cousin sisters lives. Out of all these circumstances, there is nothing else
left to say. The matter is closed and silence has sealed its fate.
UNDERSTANDING THE LESSON THROUGH KEY SENTENCES:
The poet looks at the cardboard on which there is a childhood
photograph of her mother.
She had gone for a sea holiday with two her cousins Betty and
Dolly
While they were paddling, their uncle took a photograph of them.
Both the cousins were holding the hands of her mother who was
the eldest among the girls.
This was before the poet was born
Time fled past since and all those who are in the photograph
underwent changes while the sea remained the same.
Her mother would look at the photograph after about twenty to
thirty years and laugh nostalgically.
Now for the poet her mothers laughter and her sea holiday is a
thing of the past.
Her mother died about 12 years ago.
The silence of the photograph silences the poet.
She experiences great loss.
USE OF OXYMORON IN THE POEM A PHOTOGRAPH
An oxymoron is a term or statement that contradicts itself, or seems to.
Examples often given are "giant shrimp" or "controlled chaos". Some are
literary effects designed to create a paradox, while others are done for
humor.
The poem "A Photograph" contains the oxymoron "laboured ease", which
in the context of loss may mean avoiding the public display of grief.

BAWANI KHERA
Read the stanza given below very carefully an answer the questions
that follow:
STANZA 1
The cardboard shows me how it was
When the two girl cousins went paddling,
Each one holding one of my mothers hands,
And she the big girl some twelve years or so.
a. What does the cardboard show the poet?
Ans: The cardboard shows the poet the scene on the sea beach with
three girls.
b. Why did the two girl cousins hold one of the poets mothers
hands?
c.
Ans: As the poets mother was the big girl i. e. elder in age so the two
girl cousins hold one of her hands.
d. How old was the oldest girl among the three cousins?
Ans: The oldest among the three cousins was some twelve years old.
e. How did the girls go to the sea beach?
Ans: The girls went to the sea beach paddling means barefooted.
STANZA 2
Now shes been dead nearly as many years
As that girl lived. And of this circumstance
There is nothing to say at all.
Its silence silences.
a. How long has the poets mother been dead?
Ans: The poets mother has been dead for about twelve years.
b. What is the meaning of the word circumstance in the poem?
Ans: The word circumstance in the poem means the death of the poets
mother.

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c. Why is there nothing to say at all?
Ans: There is nothing to say at all because the poet has lost her mother
and her beautiful smile forever.
d. What silences the silence?
Ans: The silence of the death silences the silence.
Write answers of the following questions in about 40 words each:
a. Describe the three girls as they pose for the photograph?
Ans: The three girls went to the sea beach to be photographed by their
uncle. The younger cousins were holding hands of the elder cousin. They
smiled through their hair as they stood still for a photograph.
b. Why would the poets mother laugh at the snapshot?
Ans: The poets mother would laugh at the snapshot as it would revive
her memories of the old happy days on the sea beach and the strange
way in which they were dressed for the beach.
c. What are the losses of the poets mother and the poet?
Ans: The poets mothers loss is of her old happy days on the sea beach
while the loss of the poet is the beautiful smile of her mother as she is
now dead.
d. The entire poem runs through the lament of loss of something
near and dear. Which feeling is presented prominently here?
Ans: The nostalgic feeling is presented prominently the poem.
THE VOICE OF THE RAIN

By Walt Whitman
Summary:
The speaker enquired from the soft falling shower as to who or what it
really is? Though it may appear to be very strange to express it in words,
yet the soft rain seemed to give the speaker an answer which can be
translated as follows: that it is the poem of the earth that rises eternally
from an impalpable; not palpable; incapable of being perceived by the
sense of touch; intangible: difficult for the mind to grasp readily or

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easily:(of powder) so fine that when rubbed between the fingers no grit is
felt; something that cannot be touched; portion of the land and the
bottomless sea. Upward to heaven, to the immeasurable heights of the
sky, from whence it vaguely forms, altogether change and yet the same.
It descends to lave; (of a river, sea, etc.) to flow along, against, or past;
wash: Obsolete. To ladle; pour or dip with a ladle: wash or bathe; the
droughts; a period of dry weather, esp. a long one that is injurious to
crops: an extended shortage; atomies; tiny particles; and the dust layers
of the globe. All that is in the world without the rain were only seeds that
are latent; hidden; and unborn. Eternally, day and night, and round the
clock, it gives back life to its own origin, to make the earth pure and
beautify it. (For song, issuing from its birth place, after fulfillment,
wandering Reckd or unreckd, duly with love returns); to have care,
concern, or regard (often fol. by of, with, or a clause): to take heed:
Archaic .To be of concern or importance; matter.
Read the extract carefully and answer the questions that follow:
STANZA - 1
And forever, by day and night, I give back life to my own origin.
And make pure and beautify it.
(For song, issuing from its birth place, after fulfilment, wandering
Reckd or unreckd, duly with love returns)
1) How is the cyclic movement of rain brought out in the poem?
The poem gives a clear picture of how clouds are formed and how they
dissolve into water again.
2) What is the significance of the world song here?
The word song is the repetition of the earlier expression-poem of the
earth.
3) How does the rain benefit the earth?
It is a real benefactor of the earth .It makes the earth pure and
beautiful.
4) Who is I here?
I is referred as the rain.

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STANZA - 2
And who art thou? said I to the soft falling shower
Which strange to tell gave me an answer ,as here translated:
I am the Poem of Earth ,said the voice of the rain,
Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea. 1x4=4
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1)The I in the third line stands for:
a)the rain
b) the poet
c) the reader
d) Earth
2) I in the third and fourth line stands for:

a) the poet
b) the voice of the rain
d) the sea
3) Eternal I rise means:

a)formation of cloud from vapour
c) heavenly bodies
c) Earth
b) heaven
d) None of these
4) The word impalpable in the fourth line means:

a) strong
b) weak
c) untouched and unseen d) bottomless
CHILDHOOD
Markus Natten
Summary:
The speaker pondered deeply upon the spiritual questions of life and
ultimately realized the fact that his childhood days were finally gone
down into the past of eternity for good
and would never return. Childhood would now only remain in his
memories. He wandered if the end of childhood was the day he ceased to
be eleven years old. The time when he realized that Heaven and earth
could not be found in Geography and never could be. Where did his
childhood go? Was it the time he realized that adults were not all they
seemed to be? They talked of love and they preached of love, but did not
act so lovingly nor practiced what they preached. Was that the day.
Where did his childhood go? Was it when he found out that his mind was

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really his? To use it whichever way he chose? To produce thoughts that
was not those of other people but his and his alone. Was that the day?
Where did his childhood go? It went to some forgotten place that is
hidden in a babys face. That was all that he knew and that was all that
he remembered.
The poet feels that heaven and hell are not real places because they
could not be located in geography. In the poem 'Childhood', the poet is
trying to realise the age when he lost his childhood, when he became
mature enough to understand the worldly things. So he keeps saying,
"When did my childhood go?" He finally realises that his his childhood is
gone to "some forgotten place", "that is hidden in an infant's face."
Wordsworth in his poem, My Heart Leaps Up, said, "Child is the father of
the man". Markus Natten in his poem 'Childhood' has tried to explain
this thought. It is child who is noble and pure in her/his thoughts and
heart. A child appreciates the nature's beauty and the innocence in the
world. A child is the one who teaches a mature human to selflessly
appreciate simple love and natural wonders.
One out of two extracts based on poetry from the text to test
reference to context, comprehension and appreciation.
Read the stanza given below and answer the questions that follow:
STANZA-1
- When did my childhood go?
Was it the day I ceased to be eleven,
Was it the time I realised that Hell and Heaven,
Could not be found in Geography,
And therefore could not be,
Was that the day!
i.
ii.
How did the poet realise his being grown up?

The poet realised his being grown up, when he was able to
differentiate between truth and fiction. / When he was analysing the
statement of adults.
What does the Hell and heaven stand for?

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It stands for the world of imagination that fascinates only small
children./ These are nothing but the product of our imaginative mind
that helps the person to escape from reality.
iii.
What kind of phase of his life does the stanza reveal?

The stanza reveals the phase of rationalism where he is using his seat
of reasoning .
iv.
What is the poet asking for?

He is asking for the time when his childhood went.
STANZA-2
When did my childhood go?
Was it the time I realised that adults were not
All they seemed to be,
They talked of love and preached of love,
But did not act so lovingly,
Was that the day!
i.
What does the stanza expose?

The stanza exposes the hypocrisy of the adult.
1. According to the poem when did his childhood go?
It might go when he was able to analyse the contrast of adults way of
thinking and way of life.
2. What contrast did he find in adults behaviour?
They talked of human values but did not practise in their day to day
life.
3. How did he find the hypocrisy in adults behaviour?
He found that they pretend to have certain belief that they do not
really have.
STANZA-3
When did my childhood go?
Was it when I found my mind was really mine,

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To use whichever way I choose,
Producing thoughts that were not those of other people
But my own, and mine alone
Was that the day!
(i)
What do the words My own and mine stand for?

Its shows the independent way of thinking of a grown up./ It
reveals the development of his own seat of reasoning.
(ii)
When did his childhood go?

It might go when I realised his self thinking./When he was able to
take his own decision.
(iii)
Which phase of life does this stanza show?

Individuality, transitional period between childhood and grown
up.
(iv)
Why did he choose his way?

He chose his way to express his own views. / To show his self
confidence.
STANZA-4
Where did my childhood go?
It went to some forgotten place,
Thats hidden in an infants face,
Thats all I know.
(i)
What does the first line suggest?

It suggests place where his childhood went.
(ii)
What would the forgotten place stand for?

Forgotten place stand for the childhood that cannot be regained or
restored.
(iii)
What does he know about his childhood?

He knows that childhood is the state of mind of a person it will
reside in an infants face only.

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(iv)
Find out the rhyme scheme in the present stanza.

abba.
Answer the following question up to 40 words.

1. How does the poet describe the process of being grown up ?
Ans. The process of being grown up develops the critical thinking and
analytical point of view in the person. It makes the person rationalized
and abled to take his decision by virtue of his seat of reasoning.
2. How does the poet repent on his loss of childhood?
Ans. He expresses concern over his childhoods disappearance.
Childhood cannot be regained. It keeps our life aloof from the world of
hypocrisy, bitter reality and materialism.
3. The poet has asked two questions one is about the time and other
isabout the place. Why has he used these questions?
Ans: He has used these two questions to interpret the time and place of
way of going his childhood away. When points out the process of being
rational at a particular time and where states the place where the
innocent world of childhood resides.
FATHER TO SON
By Elizabeth Zennings
Summary
The father complains that he does not understand his own child. Though
they have lived together for so many years now i.e. since the time of his
sons birth, the father knows nothing of him. The father tries to build up
a relationship with his son from the early years, in a manner when his
son began to recognize people around, to crawl and to walk in a
desperate attempt. The father wonders whether he has destroyed the
seed of his off-spring or sown it where the land belongs to his heir and
none is his. Both father and son continue to speak like strangers now
and there seem no signs of understanding in the air between the two. In
traditional belief, the son is created and born to the likings and designs

BAWANI KHERA
of his father, yet in this case, the father cannot share what his son loves.
Most of the time silence surrounds them. The fathers greatest wish is for
his son to be The Prodigal son who will very soon return to his fathers
house; the home which he always knew. This is definitely the better
alternative rather than to see his son move out into the world blindly on
his own, by himself and fall into trouble. The father is ready to forgive
him at any cost as long as he is able to reshape him up from the long
bounded sorrow to a new love. Both father and son all over the world
must learn to live on the same globe and on the same land. The father
finally admits that there are times that he cannot understand himself or
why his anger grows from grief? However they have learnt to put out
each others empty hand and with each others heart that is longing for
something to forgive.
The Portrait of a Lady

Khushwant Singh
Summary
The story is written in first person and is in biographical mode. It is a
perception of Khushwant Singh of his grandmother through his own
eyes. Khushwant Singh recalls his grandmother as an eternally old
person. She was an extremely religious person. It was difficult for him to
believe that once she too was young and pretty like other women. The
stories about her childhood games were like fairy tales to him. She was
short, fat and slightly stooped in stature. Her silvery white hair used to
scatter on her wrinkled face. Khushwant Singh remembers her hobbling
around the house in spotless white clothes with one hand resting on her
waist to balance her stoop and the other busy in telling the beads of her
rosary. Her lips constantly moved in inaudible prayers. Possibly she was
not beautiful in worldly sense but she looked extremely beautiful with
the peacefulness, serenity and the contentment her countenance
displayed.
Khushwants relationship with his grandmother went through several
changes when he was a small boy. In the first stage Khushwant lived in a
village with her as his parents were looking for the opportunity to settle
down in the city. In village grandmother took care of all the needs of the
child. She was quite active and agile. She woke him up in the morning,

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got him ready for the school, plastered his wooden slate, prepared his
breakfast, and escorted him to the school. They fed street dogs with stale
chapattis on their way to school which was a great fun for them. She
helped him in his lessons also .It was her domain and she was the queen
of her kingdom. In this period she was the sole unchallenged guardian,
mentor, and creator of the child Khushwant. The turning point came in
their relationship when they came to city to stay with Khushwants
parents. In city Khushwant joined an English School and started to go to
school in a motor bus. Here the role of his grandmother in his bringing
up was curtailed a little bit. Now she could not accompany him to the
school. Despite taking lot of interest in his studies she could not help
him in his lessons because he was learning English, law of gravity,
Archimedes principle and many more such things which she could not
understand and this made her unhappy. She found herself at loss. One
more thing which disturbed her a lot was that the kids were not learning
about God and scriptures in the school instead they were given music
lessons which was not an honourable thing in her opinion. To her music
was not meant for gentlefolk. It was meant for beggars and prostitutes
only. She highly disapproved this and as she could not change it she was
dismayed and withdrew herself to some extent. Perhaps she had realized
that in the makeover of the child her role was finished and this very
thought saddened her most.
After finishing school Khushwant went to university. He was given a
separate room. The common link of their friendship was snapped. His
grandmother confined herself to a self-imposed seclusion. She spent
most of her time in reciting prayers and by sitting beside her spinning
wheel. She rarely talked to anyone. The only recreation for her was in the
afternoon when she relaxed for a while to feed the sparrows. A kind
hearted person, in village she used to feed street dogs, here in city she
focused on birds and they too became very friendly with her. This was
the phase when she found herself totally isolated and aloof but she
braved this isolation with grace and dignity.
Khushwants grandmother was a strong person. Whatever she went
through in her heart she always restrained herself from demonstrating
her emotions.He recalls that when he went abroad for further studies his
grandmother was there to see him off on railway station quite calm busy
telling the beads of her rosary and reciting prayers as always. When he

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came back after five years he found her more and more religious and
more and more self-contained. She spent still more time in prayers and
spinning the wheel. Feeding the birds was her only happy pastime. But
just the day before her death for the first time she broke this routine and
gave up her prayers. That day she sang the songs of the home coming of
the warriors on a withered drum along with the ladies of neighbourhood
in order to celebrate her grandsons return from abroad. Next morning
she got ill. Although the doctor said it was a mild fever and would go
away she could foresee that her end was near. She was upset that she
omitted her prayers just before the final departure from the world. She
did not want to waste any more time talking to anybody. She lay
peacefully in bed praying and telling the beads till her lips stopped
moving and rosary fell from her lifeless fingers. To mourn her death
thousands of sparrows flew in and sat scattered around her body in utter
silence. They even ignored the breadcrumbs thrown for them by
Khushwants mother. They only flew away after the corpse was carried
away for last rites.
Short-Answer Questions:
Solved Examples:
a. How did Khushwant Singh portray his grandfather in the lesson?
Ans: Khushwant Singh describes his grandfather as he was painted in
the portrait wearing a big turban and loose-fitting clothes, a long white
beard covering the best part of his chest and looking at least a hundred
years old.
b. Describe the happiest half-hour of the day for the grandmother.
Ans: For Khushwant Singhs grandmother there was none other pastime
and happy activity than that of feeding the sparrows in the afternoon for
half an hour. The sparrows could be seen perched on her legs, shoulders
and even on her head but were never shooed away by her.
Questions for Practice:

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a. Why did Khushwant Singh say that the thought of his grandmother
being young and pretty was almost revolving?
b. Mention the instances from The Portrait of A Lady for Khushwant
Singhs grandmother being called considerate for animals.
c. State any one incident from the lesson which shows that the
grandmother accepted changes but did not impose them in her own
life.
Long Answer Questions:
Solved Example:
All over the verandah and in her room right up to where she lay dead
and stiff wrapped in the red shroud, thousands of sparrows sat scattered
on the floor. There was no chirruping. ------------------ The sparrows took
no notice of the bread. When we carried my grandmothers corpse off,
they flew away quietly.
Animals do recognize and value a relationship established with human
beings. Write an article pertaining to the above sentence keeping in mind
the relationship established by Khushwant Singhs Grandmother with
animals.
Ans: Animals are said to have no brains but they do have hearts for they
feel and it is out of feeling, concern or love for human being that they let
themselves domesticated. But do they recognize relationships too?
At least I believe that they do. Numerous examples can be stated to prove
the same. The relationship between Khushwant Singhs grandmother
and the dogs and the sparrows can be just one of them. The need is to
revere this lovely bond of emotional attachment with the animals in one
way or the other. And it is but evident that the animals and birds are
more compassionate, more affectionate and more dependable than most
of the human beings.
1. Compare and contrast the routine of the grandmother in the
villagewith that of it in the city.
Value Points:
-Accompanying the writer to the school, helping in study
-Prayers at the temple
-Feeding dogs

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-Frustrated at the subjects taught in English school
-Resolved to prayers
-Feeding sparrows
2. Khushwant Singhs grandmother was emotionally attached to
him. Support the statement with help of instances from the story
The Portrait of A Lady.
Value Points:
-The grandmothers attachment with Khushwant Singh
-Her feelings when she could not help the writer
-Her prayers for the writers safe journey
-Happiness expressed at the writers arrival
-Continuous chanting of prayers
Long Questions
1. Bring out the spiritual elements in the character of the grandmother.
2. What light does the lesson throw on Indian family values?
3. Evaluate the writers attitude towards his grandmother when he was a
child.
Short Answer Questions:
1. What poetic words are used by the writer to bring out the physical and
spiritual beauty of the grandmother?
2. Mention some incidents from the lesson that show that the
grandmother loved her grandson intimately.
3. What is the difference between village school education and urban
school education brought by the lesson?
4. What does the sparrows behaviour highlight?
5. Mention some instances to show that the grandmother was highly
composed and patient.

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We Are Not Afraid To DieIf we can All be Together
- By Gordon Cook and Alan East
A critical summary:
This short story is about the writer narrating his thrilling journey across
the sea on board his Wavewalker and about how optimism raises one's
spirits and helps one overcome stress and difficulty. The narrative
describes on how determination and strong will power helps us overcome
all forms of stressful situations. Optimism helps to reduce "the direct
stress". This can be verified with the instance where the level of
perseverance rose in the author after seeing the caricatures of him and
Mary, drawn by the children. His motive was to travel around the world
through sea just like Captain James Cook, which he wished to complete
in three years. He was with his family, his wife Mary, his daughter
Suzanne and his son who was only six years old.
The first phase was about 105,000 kilometres up to the South African
seaport of Cape Town, which passed off very pleasantly. The second part
of the journey was for 150,000 kilometres. This phase was completed in
Australia. On 25th December, the writer's ship was in the southern
Indian Ocean, 3500 kilometres to the east of Cape Town. The family
celebrated their new year (1977) on board the ship. Next came a phase
when the ship was caught in the stormy seas. The weather suddenly
became very terrible. The writer thought that their ship would ride over
the waves but were heavily caught amidst the stormy situations at the
sea. There was water everywhere and they found the ship to be sinking.
The condition was extremely helpless and very pathetic. Water was
gushing in from everywhere. Debris was floating across the cabins. The
electric pump was also not working as it had short-circuited. They had to
keep pumping and steering all night long. The writer's daughter's head
had swollen and she had a deep injury. However, the bravery of the
strong-willed children is noteworthy in the story.
On January 4, they breathed a sigh of relief after having survived 36
hours of continuous pumping. However, their relief seemed to be quite
short-lived because by evening that day the sea again witnessed bad
weather. This is the turning point of the story when we see the author
consoling the children. It was quite amazing that the children exclaimed
"...we aren't afraid of dying if we can all be together." This led to the
building energy and enthusiasm inside a very extremely fatigued writer.

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He decided to heave and fight the sea. Next day saw a very bright
morning. He was welcomed by his children who exclaimed "You are the
best daddy in the world." He rushed to the deck and to his amazement,
gazed at the stark outline of Ile Amsterdam. It seemed to him to be the
most beautiful island in the world. They anchored off shore for the night
and then were welcomed by the 28 inhabitants of the island the next
morning. All along, the only thing which filled the writer's mind was the
undeterred courage which his wife Mary showed, his daughter who didn't
worry about her head injury and his son who wasn't afraid of dying.
Short Answer Questions
1. What was the object behind the writers undertaking the journey?
Answer: The writer undertook the voyage along with his wife in order to
duplicate the round-the-world voyage made 200 years earlier by Captain
James Cook.
2. Describe the boat which was made for undertaking the voyage.
Answer: The name of the boat which was made for undertaking the
voyage was Wavewalker. It was a 23 meter, 30 ton wooden-hulled boat
which had been professionally built and the writer and his wife had
spent months fitting it out and testing it in the roughest weather they
could find.
3. What are Mayday calls? Why was the ship getting no replies to its
Mayday calls?
Answer: Mayday calls are distress signals sent through the radio by
ships facing troubles in the sea for getting help from other ships passing
nearby. The ship Wavewalker was not getting replies to its Mayday calls
because the boat had reached a remote part of the sea where other ships
did not go.
4. What did Sue say when she was asked by her father why she had
not complained much about her grave injuries at the first
instance?
Answer: Sue had been injured badly when the wave had hit the ship. Her
head had swollen alarmingly. She had two very big enormous black eyes
and she had also showed to her parents a deep cut on her arm. When
asked why she had not complained about her injuries earlier she replied

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that she had not wanted to worry her parents when they were trying to
save them all
5. Comment on the mood of the sea on 2nd January 2010? How did
the writer and his family and the crewmen prepare for that?
Answer: At dawn on January 2, the waves became gigantic. As the ship
of the writer rose to the top of each wave, they could see the sea water
rolling towards them and the noise made by the wind and the spray of
the wave water was painful to their ears. In order to slow the boat down,
they dropped the storm jib and lashed a heavy mooring rope in a loop
across the stern. Then they double lashed everything and went through
their life raft drill, attached lifelines and wore oilskins and life jackets
and waited for the worst things to happen.
6. What happened at 6pm on 2nd of January?
Answer: At 6 pm on 2nd January, the sea became silent and the wind
dropped and the sky grew immediately dark. After that a very huge wave
which was double the size of the other waves struck the ship with
explosive power and damaged it.
7.
a.
b.
c.
List the steps taken by the captain

to protect the boat when rough weather began
to check the flooding of the water in the ship
Slowed down the speed of the boat- storm jib dropped- double lashed
everything- went for life-raft drill- attracted lifelines- put life jackets.
d. Larry and Herb kept pumping water out- the narrator stretched
canvas and secured water proof latch- covered the gaping holes.
8. How did they pass the first leg of the journey?
Answer: It was pleasant sailing down the West coast of Africa to Cape
Town.
9. Who were Larry and Herb? What role did they play?
Answer: Crewmembers Larry Vigil was an American and Herb Seigler was
from Switzerland. They were of great help. As a team they worked with
the narrator- kept pumping water out of Wavewalker till the water level
was brought under control.

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10. Why and when did the captain send May Day Calls? What was
the response?
Answer: When nothing worked well after the gigantic wave had hit the
Wave walker impending disaster awaited- the captain sent May Day
Calls-no response as this part of the ocean is less traveled.
Long Answer Questions
1. Highlight the tremendous courage and stoicism shown by the two
children during the struggle of the ship to keep from sinking?
Answer: The two children Suzanne and Jonathon, who were aged seven
and six respectively, showed tremendous courage and stoicism during
the epic struggle, put up by their parents and the crewmen to keep the
ship from sinking. Suzanne had been injured badly when the wave had
hit the ship. Her head had swollen alarmingly. She had two very big
enormous black eyes and she had also showed to her parents a deep cut
on her arm. When asked why she had not complained about her injuries
earlier she replied that she had not wanted to worry her parents when
they were trying to save them all.
On January 5th when the condition of the ship was very bad, the author
went in to comfort the children and his son, Jonathon, asked him if they
were going to die. When he was assured that they would all survive
somehow he told his father that they were not afraid of dying if they
could all be together.
That very evening the badly injured Suzanne had patience and power
enough even to draw caricatures of her parents with the words, Here are
some funny people. Did they make you laugh? She had written a
message also inside which said that she had loved them both and that
card was meant to say thanks to his father and hope for the best.Such
extraordinary patience, courage and tolerance shown by the small
children on the face of an enormously dangerous situation gave courage
and inspiration to his parents to fight hard for survival.
2. Describe the behaviour of the narrator and his family, particularly
of his children Jon and Sue, during the Voyage.
Answer:
Value Points:
-When the gigantic wave hit the boat the narrator was badly injured

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- showed his heroic qualities- did not panic-used his seafaring skills
used whatever tools available- saved all.
- Little John and Sue showed their bravery
- did not disturb parents
- cheered their parents up
- Johns statement gives fresh encouragement to the narrator
- Wife and crew members worked as team- all survived.
3. How does the story suggest that optimism helps to endure the
direct stress ?
Value Points:
-Last 16 years experience helped a lot
- the gigantic wave broke the boat, Wavewalker, not their spirit
- If winter comescan spring be far behind
- all worked as a team
- cheered themselves up
- encouraged themselves-used every possible measures
- worked very hard
- determined to succeed
- remained hopeful
- God helps those who help themselves.
Questions for Practice
Long Questions
1. What picture does the lesson draw on lives at sea?
2. What are the different technical aspects of a boat that the lesson
highlights?
3. What do you feel are the attitudes that help the passengers of the boat
steer them to safety?
Short Questions:
(i) Do the children represent typical children or they are more than
them?
(ii) Why was it felt that the Mayday calls would go unanswered?
(iii) What were the specialties of the Wavewalker?
(iv) What drove the parents of the children undertake such a voyage
full of dangers?
(v) Why was the ugly island, Ile Amsterdam, the most beautiful island for
the passengers of Wavewalker?

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Discovering Tut : the Saga continues
A.R. Williams
A critical summary :
This chapter is meant to show readers the beauty and mystery of ancient
Egyptian culture and the science and wonder of archaeology. This
chapter is actually a part of the book which goes with the same title as
mentioned above and it has many chapters, rather than a short story; in
fact, the book is an in-depth look at the circumstances of King Tut's
death, as well as the general culture and lifestyle practiced during his
lifetime. Fascinating and well-written this book has captured many
people's interest, and it remains a popular choice for anyone interested
in archaeology and ancient Egyptian culture.This is a living example of
technology advancement. We accepted things and events attributing their
cause to nature and her wrath. However, advancement and technology
could give us a different picture. This way, it has become a habit with us
to accept everything that history states and dictates.
On the process the modern world has found ways to offer a different view
on it. In other words, the modern world has turn impossibilities to
possibilities.Williams report gives an insight into this. A mummy
scanned after a thousand years has opened new avenues regarding a
cause of its death. The mummy referred to here is that of King Tut or
Tutankhamen, meaning the living image of Amun. The earlier ruler,
Amenhotep-IV has shocked the country by attacking Amun, a major God,
smashing his images and closing all his temples. His family had ruled for
centuries before the boy king, Tut took over. However, Tut ruled for nine
years and then died both mysteriously and unexpectedly.
The scanning of Tuts mummy also gave an insight as to how mummies
were buried. Howard Carter, who scanned the body found it difficult to
extract the mummy. The ritual resins had hardened thereby cementing
Tut to the bottom of his solid gold coffin. Carter finally had to chisel the
mummy away having no other option. Every major point was severed.
Tut was buried with gold which was meant to guarantee the resurrection
and was also buried with every day things he would need in his after-life.
Tut also had things to take on his journey to the great beyond-glittering
goods, precious collars, necklaces and sandals, all of pure gold. The

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computed Tomography scan couldnt solve the mysterious death of Tut
but gave us clues for sure. The X-rays and C.T.scan reveal a startling
fact-the breast bone and the Pont ribs of Tut were missing. Such a
revelation would not have been possible without technological precision.
This fact gives us a clue that Tut, in all likelihood did not die a natural
death.
Technology hasnt been able to give us a definite answer to
Tutsdeath.However, it has given us a direction to think and proceed.
Maybe in future, technology would solve it for us. The whole excavation
and the scan required scores of people. It was a gruelling job and the
workers had a tough time.
After the pharaoh was rested in peace again, ZahiHawass, Secretary
General of Egypts Supreme Council of Antiquities said, I didnt sleep
last night, not for a second. I was worried. But now I think I will go and
sleep. It just proves how tough the whole process was. In other words,
King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned-in death as in life. He
was famous when he was alive and his untimely death has raised the
necessity to probe the lingering mysteries of this young ruler who died
more than 3,300 years ago.
1. Who was Tut? Why was his mummy got scanned?
Ans. Tut was the last heir of a powerful family that ruled Egypt and its
empire for centuries. When he died, he was just a teenager. After his
death his dynasty came to an end so that his mummy was scanned. A
CT scan was done on his mummy to get new clues about his life and
death.
2. Why was Carters investigation resented?
Ans. Though Howard Carter was an archeologist, he did not use the
scientific methods while excavating Tuts mummy. It resulted in great
damage to the mummy. Its breast bone and front ribs are still missing.
Scientific intervention was not followed to unearth buried mysteries.
3. What were things buried with Tuts mummy? And Why?
Ans. It was buried with stunning artefacts in gold, also with the everyday
things: board games, a bronze razor, linen undergarments cases of food

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and wine. It would guarantee resurrection. Egyptian ruler might believe
in life after death.
4. The boy king changed his name from Tutankhaten to
Tutankhamun. Do you think that it might be the reason of his
death? Analyse the statement.
Ans. Yes, I think that his attempts to oversee a restoration that might
have caused the sensation among the follower of Akhenaten who brought
about the complete demolition of Amun, a major god. As a result they
might have murdered Tut.
5. Why did Ray Johnson describe Akhenaten as wacky?
Ans. Ray Johnson described him as wacky because of his eccentric
nature and decisions. He moved the religious capital from the old city of
Thebes to the new city of Akhetaten, and he attacked Amun, a major god,
smashing his images and closing his temples. It was his eccentric
behaviour that caused turmoil in the kingdom.
6. What were the results of the CT scan?
Ans. - Tuts neck vertebrae appeared very clearly.
- Other images showed a hand, several views of the rib cage and skull.
7. What is the Pharaos curse?
Answer: The Phararos curse is inscribed on the walls of the burial
chambers of the Pharao inside the pyramids. It affirms of death or
misfortune falling upon those who disturb him.
8. Who is ZahiHawass?
Answer: ZahiHawass is an archaeologist. He is the Secretary General of
Egypts Supreme Council of Antiquities.
9. Who is Howard Carter? What did he do that put King Tuts
mummy in a bad condition?
Answer: Howard Carter is the British archaeologist who had discovered
Tutankhamens tomb and his mummy in the year 1922. Howard Carter
had found out that the ritual resins which were used in the coffin had
hardened cementing Tut to the bottom of his solid gold coffin and none
was able to move the mummy with the use of simple force. Therefore, he
put the coffin in the scorching sun of summertime Egypt with the idea

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that it would loosen the resin. But this idea was also unsuccessful. After
that with no way out he had to use a chisel to separate the mummy from
the coffin and this damaged the mummy to a large extent.
10. Why were the Pharaohs buried with tremendous amount of
wealth?
Answer: The ancient Egyptians believed that there is life after death. That
is why the Pharaohs were buried with tremendous amount of wealth
including things of daily use so that they could use them in the life after
death.
11. What was the nature of the wealth with which King Tuts
mummy was buried? What were the things of daily use which
were buried with him?
Answer: The wealth with which King Tut was buried remains the richest
royal collection ever found and this has become part of the pharaohs
legend. The wealth basically contains different stunning artifacts of gold.
Tut was also buried with everyday things which it was thought he would
want in the afterlife and these things are:
a. board games,
b. a bronze razor,
c. linen undergarments
d. and cases of food and wine.
12. How has archaeology changed over the years?
Answer: From the time of the discovery of Tutankhamens tomb back in
the year 1922 to the present time the nature of archaeology has changed
and thus it now focuses less on treasure and more on the fascinating
details of life and the intriguing mysteries of death.
13. What do you mean by a CT scan?
Answer: CT scan means Computed Tomography. It is a process by which
hundreds of X-rays in cross section are put together like slices of bread
to create a three dimensional virtual body.
14. What are the two biggest questions still lingering about
Tutankhamen?
Answer: The two biggest questions still lingering about Tutankhamen are
how he had died and what his age was at the time of his death.

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Long Questions
1. What picture of Egyptian life and beliefs does the lesson portray?
2. Describe the Egyptian rulers that you find mention in the lesson.
3. Do you feel the lesson is able to mirror the element of mystery that is
associated with the Egyptians pyramids and the mummies inside
them?
Short Questions:
1. What is the superstition associated with the mummies?
2. Describe in short Tutankhamen as the lesson mirrors him.
3. What is the justification of so much modern methods being applied to
Tuts Mummy?
4. What are the two basic aspects of Ancient Egyptian life as portrayed in
the lesson?
5. Why is Tutankhamen so famous of all the Egyptian Pharaos?
The Ailing Planet: The Green Movements Role

-By NaniPalkhivala
Critical summary:
Our Earth is a living organisman enormous being, of which we are
parts. This is our planet; its destruction will make us all homeless. We
are dependent on Earth and not the other way round. However, the
thankless creature, man, is unconcerned about the dangers that pose
threats to our survival. The article by NaniPalkhivala deals with the
concerns of the environmentalists at this eleventh hour and talks about
the new awareness that has dawned upon our race. A holistic and
ecological view of the world has been brought into consideration. The
Green Movement launched in 1972 has never looked back. There is a

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growing need of sustainable development, which was popularised by
World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987.
Man is the most dangerous creature, as it was declared by a Zoo in
Lusaka, Zambia. Human beings are taking too much time to realize the
need of the hour. One of the members of Brandt Commission, MrL.K.Jha,
raised a vital question, are we to leave our successors a scorched planet
of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes, and ailing environment?
Mr Lester R. Brown expressed his worry over the fact that our four
biological systems are reaching an unsustainable level. The tropical
forests, the powerhouse of evolution, as Dr. Meyers called them, are
being destroyed causing extinction of several species. The fear hovers,
what if the words, forests precede mankind, and deserts follow, come
true. And the reality is that India is losing its forests at the rate of 3.7
million acres a year. The Article 48A of the Indian Constitution provides
that the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment
and safeguard the forest and wildlife of the country. To conserve the
environment and to bring down the population of the world, which is 5.7
billion, Palkhivala suggests that development is the only solution.
Fertility falls as the income rises, education spreads, and health
improves. Nani supports compulsory sterilisation and defends it by
saying that there is no other alternative but coercion. The population of
India today is 920 million, which is more than the entire population of
Africa and South America. What is happening today is that rich are
getting richer and poor are begetting children, which begets them to
remain poor. Now the folks have realised what endangers our race. It is
not about the survival of human race but the survival of the planet
Earth. It is an Era of Responsibility. The industrialists have to
understand the present concern with most consideration. The view of the
Chairman of Du Pont, Mr Edgar S. Woolard is much appreciable, Our
continued existence as a leading manufacturer requires that we excel in
environmental performance. Let us be grateful to Mother Nature and
keep Margaret Thatcher's felicitous words, No generation has a freehold
on this earth. All we have is a life tenancy with a full repairing lease. In
the words of Mr Lester Brown, We have not inherited this earth from our
forefathers; we have borrowed it from our children.
(The Data used here are all related to the chapter, it is not as per the
present survey)

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1. What does one see on the mirror inside the cage in the zoo at
Lusaka Zambia?
Answer: Standing in front of the mirror inside the cage in that zoo, one
finds his own reflection on the mirror, suggesting that human beings are
the worlds most dangerous animal.
2. According the Lester Brown, what are the four principal biological
systems of the earth?
Answer: They are four: fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands.
3. What do you mean by the concept of Sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development means: development that meets the
needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs, i.e., without stripping the natural world
of resources future generations would need.
4. What goes under the pot now costs more than what goes inside
it what does that suggest?
Answer: That suggests that the cost of firewood has become higher than
cost of rice and other staple food.
5. What is the role of industries in the preservation of environment?
Answer: Industries and industrialists have to exercise control in use of
natural resources. Thetop officials need to become the guardians of our
environment if we have to think about our future generations
1. What are the factors as enumerated by NaniPalkivala that have
made our earth an ailing planet?
Answers: In the lesson NanaiPalkivala has discussed the different factors
that have made our earth an ailing planet, needing immediate attention
from and treatment from the human race.
One major factor that has left our planet earth ailing is that the claim of
human race on fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands, which
comprise the earths principal biological system, has become an
unsustainable level. They have been consumed in such a way that there

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cannot be fresh resources for consumption for the future generation.
Thus, farmlands have become infertile, and there has been overfishing.
And then for reasons like demand for firewood, industrialization and
urbanization, huge areas of forests have been cleared all over the world
in alarming rate every day.
The factor responsible for such mindless and mad exploitation of all the
natural resources is uncontrollable growth of population. Although it
took thousands of years for the world population to hit the first billion
mark, now every ten years is burdening the earth with a billion
populations. The problem of overpopulation is greater in countries like
India. Such overpopulation is the root cause of our planet earth
becoming deceased needing treatment in the form of care and concern
and population control and lower carbon emissions.
2. We have not inherited this earth from our forefathers: we have
borrowed it from our children. Discuss.
Answer: Value Points:
-earths resources are limited.
-The resources have been almost exhausted by the generations so far
-Uncontrollable populations growth is responsible for such demand on
the available resources
-Every generation needs to think about the future generations
-Borrowed things are treated and handled with career
-Thus the resources are not to be exhausted as they belong to the future
generations.
3. What is the remarkable shift in our attitude towards the earth
brought on by the Green Movement?
Answer:
Value Points:
-a remarkable change in the attitude of the human race towards the
earth
-Shift from the mechanistic view to the holistic and ecological view
-Mechanistic view- that the earth is an inanimate thing like a brick, a
rock etc.

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-Holistic view- that the earth is a living organism, like a human being, an
animal.
-Thus earth is considered to be ailing, suffering from diseases.
-Needs treatment from human beings
-Treatment- population control, control of carbon emissions
Questions for practice:
Long Questions:
1. Why does NaniPalkhiwala call the Earth an ailing planet and what is
the role of the Green Movement?
2. NaniPalkhivala in his essay The Ailing Planet: The Green Movements
Role,calls man the worlds most dangerous animal. How does he
defend his viewpoint and at he same time holds out hope for the
world?
3. What picture of the future of the planet does the author paint? What
can thwart that scenario?
Short Questions :
1. What causes endless anguish to common man?
2. What are the unusually alarming statistics about the population that
the author talks about?
3. Why is the Green Revolution important?
4. Justify the title of the essay.
5. Explain the statement forests precede mankind; deserts follow.

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THE BROWNING VERSION
By Terrence Rattigan
A critical summary:
The Browning Version is the play that cemented Terence Rattigans
reputation as a serious, mature playwright. It is viewed as one of his best
works, and one of the best one-acts ever written. (The actual play, The
Browning Version, opens in the sitting room of the home of Mr. Andrew
Crocker-Harris and Mrs. Millie Crocker-Harris. A young student, John
Taplow, knocks at the front door, and then lets himself inside. He steals
a chocolate from an open box, and then uses his walking stick to practice
his golf swing. )
Frank Hunter, a young schoolmaster, watches Taplows moves unseen.
Finally, he interrupts and gives Taplow pointers on his swing. They
converse for a few moments. Taplow has come for his tutoring session
with Mr.Andrew Crocker-Harris, although it is the last day of school. The
young man is worried, however, that Andrew will not give him his
remove. He plans to study science, which is Hunters subject.
Taplow does a wicked impersonation of Andrew, which he almost
immediately regrets. However, Frank asks him to do it again, and then
suggests that since Crocker-Harris is rather late, Taplow should go play
golf. Taplow is appalled at the suggestion. Despite his problems with
Andrew, Taplow does like him and fears him enough to stay. Taplow
relates an incident and again mimics Andrew for Franks benefit. This
time, Millie Crocker- Harris appears at the door, and she listens for a
moment before coming inside. Taplow is afraid that Millie has overheard
his imitation. Millie informs Taplow that her husband will be tied up at
the Bursars for a while and that he could go, but he decides to wait.
Millie sends him on an errand.
1. Why does Taplow says Mr. Crocker Harris cannot be a sadist?
Answer: A sadist is a person who gets pleasure out of giving pain. Taplow
says that Mr. Cracker Harris cannot be even a sadist because that would
mean that he has some feelings but he has not at all. He is all shriveled
up inside like a nut.
2. What did Mr. Crocker Harris do after Taplow laughed out at the
joke that Mr. Crocker Harris made to the class?

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Answer: Mr. Crocker Harris told Taplow that he was pleased at the
advance that Taplows Latin had made because it was only Taplow who
understood what the rest of the class could not. Therefore, Mr. Crocker
Harris told Taplow to explain the joke to the whole class so that they
could share the pleasure with him.
3. What does Millie Crocker Harris ask Taplow to do?
Answer: Millie Crocker Harris asked Taplow to take a prescription to the
chemist and get the medicine made up.
4. Why was Taplow horrified to find Mrs. Crocker Harris standing by
thedoor screen and watching Taplow and Frank?
Answer: Taplow had all the way been talking to Frank about Mr. Crocker
Harris. Therefore he was horrified to find Mr. Crocker Harriss wife
standing by the door screen and watching the two as he feared that she
might had overheard what he had been saying.
5. Mention two character traits of Taplow.
Answer:
a. Taplow is humorous. He has keen power of observation.
b. He is critical about Mr. Crocker Harris for whom he has got
a soft corner also in spite of his crankiness.
1. Make a character sketch of Mr. Crocker Harris.
Answer: The small excerpt The Browning Version revolves around the
character of the school teacher Crocker Harris although we do not meet
him in the play directly. Whatever we get to know about him is his
impression in the mind of his student Taplow as described by Taplow to
Mr. Frank who is another teacher from the school where Taplow studies.
As it is described by Taplow, Mr. Crocker Harris is an unusual teacher.
He is pictured as a heartless teacher without any feelings and emotions.
He is set apart from the other teachers because like the other teachers he
never lets the results of examinations known to the students even a day
before the formal announcement of the results. He abides by the rules
perfectly. He is such a person that he does not hesitate to call a student
for extra duty as punishment even on the last day of his tenure in a
school as it is the case with Taplow that day. He has no compassion and
he never takes pain to pass a student by giving his extra marks out of

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compassion. For such harshness on his part, he has been nicknamed
the Crock by the students.
Taplow opines that Mr. Crocker Harris is not even a sadist. Sadist is a
person who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain on others. It is so
because had Crocker Harris been a sadist, it would mean that he has a
heart and emotion. But Crocker Harris has no emotion at all. Taplow
says that in spite of all these, he has got a soft corner for Crocker Harris
and Crocker Harris knows that and does not like it. That is why he has
taken pain that Taplow actually hate him. As a whole, Taplows
description of Crocker Harris is very humourous.
2. Discuss the humorous elements in The Browning Version
Hints:
-The play is replete with humourous description of a teacher by student
-Crocker Harris is pictured as an unusual teacher and an unusual
human being
-He is a person who loves to be hated and makes attempts for that.
-He feels that Taplow likes him and so he tries to make him hate him.
-He is not even a sadist because that would mean that he has got
feelings but he has got no feelings
-Only Taplow, out of compassion, laughs out at the joke Mr. Harris
cracks in the class in the Latin language to which none responds. As a
punishment Taplow is made to make the class understand the joke.
-Taplows frightened reaction when he finds Crocker Harriss wife looking
at them thinking she might have overheard them.
Value based Question:
Do you feel it is proper for students to present their teacher the way
Taplow does? What is your opinion the relation between teacher and
student should be like?
Long Questions
1. What kind of teacher student relationship does the lesson portray?
2. What is the universal aspect of the characters portrayed in the
Browning Version?
Short Questions:

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1. What is your opinion about Frank that you form from his conversation
with Taplow?
2. Do you really feel Mr. Crocker Harris is absolutely like the way he has
been presented by Taplow or Taplow is exaggerating?
3. Contrast Mrs. Crocker Harris with Mr. Crocker Harris.
4. What is Taplows attitude towards Mr. Crocker Harris?
5. Are there any differences in the school system of Taplows school with
yours? If yes, what are they?

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The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse
-William Saroyan
1. Why was it difficult for Aram to believe the sight of his cousin
Mouradwith the beautiful white horse?
Ans: When Aram looked through the window, he saw his cousin Mourad
with a beautiful white horse and it was a sight which was very difficult
for him to believe for two reasons:
First, the whole of the Garoghlonian family to which the two boys
belonged were extremely poor and therefore it was not possible for
Mourad to buy that horse. Secondly, in that case, it would mean that
Mourad had stolen that horse. But that was also not possible, because
the Garoghlonian family was also very much famous for their honesty
and therefore Mourad could not steal that horse either.
2. Where had Mourad been hiding the horse?
Answer: Mourad had been hiding the horse in the barn of a deserted
vineyard which was owned by a farmer named Fetvajian.
3. What did the farmer John Byro tell the two boys when one day
they accidentally met him with his horse in their custody?
Answer: The farmer examined the horse when one morning he found it
with the two boys and he told them that he could swear that the horse
was his very horse which had been stolen from him many weeks before if
he did not know about their parents. He added that the fame of their
family for honesty was very well known to him and therefore he liked to
say that the horse could be the twin of his stolen horse.
4. What did John Byro tell Arams mother and Uncle Khosrove when
he got his horse back?
Answer: After John Byro got his horse back mysteriously one day, he
came to Arams house and told Arams mother and Uncle Khosrove that
he did not know what to think about the whole matter. It was because
the horse was stronger than ever and was better tempered too and
therefore he thanked God.
6. What were the two things for which the Garoghlonian family was
famous?

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Answer: The Garoghlonian family was famous for the following two
things:
1. Their poverty
2. Their honesty
7. What points were put forward by Aram in defense of Mourads act
of stealing the horse?
Answer: Aram argued to himself that stealing a horse for a ride was not
the same thing as stealing something else, such as money. And then he
went a little ahead by saying that if one was so much crazy about horses
the way Mourad and he himself were, it was not stealing at all. It would
not become stealing until they offered to sell the horse and he was sure
that last thing they would never be doing.
8. Which excuses were given by Aram to himself for taking a ride on
the horse despite knowing fully the truth about the theft of the
horse by Mourad?
Ans: Aram dismissed stealing a horse as much grave a crime as stealing
money. Secondly, he believed that if it was something like a horse for
which both he and his cousin were crazy then it couldnt be stealing.
Additionally, it was not going to become stealing until they offered to sell
the horse.
9. Why was Aram unwilling to return the horse so soon?
Ans: Aram was crazy for horse and he wanted to learn horse riding at all
costs. The horse would not let him to ride over it and hence he was
unwilling to return the horse at least till he would learn to ride it.
1. Why did the two boys ultimately return the horse all of a sudden
although they had planned to keep it at least for six months?
Answer: Although the two boys had planned to keep the horse for at least
six months, they returned it all of a sudden the morning after they
accidentally met the farmer John Byro from whom Mourad had stolen
the horse. The farmer examined the horse and told them that he could
swear that the horse was his very horse which had been stolen from him
many weeks before if he did not know about their parents. He added that

BAWANI KHERA
the fame of their family for honesty was very well known to him and
therefore he liked to say that the horse could be the twin of his stolen
horse. What John Byro told them served as an eye opener for the two
boys especially Mourad and they became conscious how precious and
strong their familys fame for honesty was and therefore they did not
want to tarnish that name and prestige and immediately returned the
horse.
2. Mourad was the natural descendant of the crazy streak of uncle
Khosrove. Explain the statement giving instances from the story,
The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse.
Ans: Uncle Khosrove was considered in the Garoghlanian tribe as one of
the craziest persons. It was also believed that the tribe that Mourad was
the natural descendant of the crazy streak in their tribe. Uncle
Khosroves craziness was out of the world. He had the largest moustache
in the surrounding. His talk was not less than roaring, which was but
natural for him. Once when his son came running to tell him about his
house on fire, he simply said, It is no harm; pay no attention to it. The
barber who reminded him that it was his own house also got rebukes.
Khosrove also asked John Byro not to worry about the horse or the loss
of money or even for his paining legs and answered in the same way.
Mourad was considered the natural descendant of this man though not a
biological descendant mainly because of the crazy acts he was involved
in. The act of stealing a horse because he was crazy about it is an
example to prove the same. Like the punch line of uncle khosrove i.e. It
is no harm; pay no attention to it Mourad used to say that he had a way
with the things, animals and even people. Thus Mourad said that he had
a way with the horse, with the dogs and with the farmers too.
3. I knew my cousin Mourad enjoyed being alive more than anyone
else who had ever fallen into the world by mistake. Explain the
statement with help of the instances from the story.
Answer:
Value Points:
-Mourads nature
-His crazy deeds
-Having a way with the things
-Considerate towards animals

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-A true member of the tribe
4. Write a brief note on the Garoghlanian tribe.
Value Points:
-The traits of the tribe
-Economic condition
-The members of the tribe
-Its uniqueness
Long Questions:
1. Does the social atmosphere described in the story differ from your
social atmosphere? How?
2. What are moral lessons that the story put forward?
3. Compare and contrast the character of Aram and Mourad.
4. What picture of rural life does the story paint?
5. Describe Arams horse-riding lesson.
Short Questions:
1. How does Mourad has a way with the dogs?
2. How does Mourad have a way with farmers?
3. Even when Aram knew that Mourad was sitting on the back of the
horse that morning, he could not believe his eyes?
4. Does Uncle Khroshrove resemble Mourad in any way?
5. Bring out the frustrations in the farmer John Byro after losing his
horse.
THE ADDRESS
By MARGA MINCO
1. I was in a room I knew and did not know. Why does the narrator
say that she was in a room which she knew and yet she did not
know?

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Answer: The second time the narrator went to Mrs. Dorlings house she
was taken inside the house by Mrs. Dorlings daughter. When the door of
the living room was opened to her, she went inside and she was
immediately horrified by whatever she saw inside the room. The room
was full of all their belongings which had been taken away by Mrs.
Dorling at the beginning of the war. She felt she knew the room because
it was full of all her belongings and as the room was not theirs but was a
different room and the things were kept in a different manner she felt she
did not know the room.
2. Why does the narrator come back without claiming her
belongings?
Answer: The narrator came back without claiming her belongings. She
says that the objects which are linked in our memory immediately lose
their value when those objects are seen after some time in strange
surroundings. All her belongings, the silver cutlery, the clothes etc. had
lost their charm when they were seen in Mrs. Dorlings house. She knew
that if taken back they would again seem strange in her new small
rented room.
3. What change did the narrator notice in her rooms when she was
home for a few days?
She noticed that various things were missing. Mother was surprised
that she noticed so quickly told that Mrs. Dorling would keep things
safely.
4. Why did the narrator resolve to forget the address, No 46,
Marconi Street?
Narrator turns up to collect the belongings they aroused nostalgic
feeling true owner no more the stored things reminded the
uncharitable Mrs. Dorling and her own tragic past better to forget.
5. Justification of the title
Short story revolved around the No 46, Marconi Street starts with the
address where the Jewish family suffer ends with the narrator
forgetting the address.

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1. Have you come back? said the woman. I thought that no one
had come back. Does this statement give some clue about the
story? If yes, what is it?
Answer: The sentence uttered by the cruel woman Mrs. Dorling gives us
clinching clues about the story.
The story has been set on the aftermath of the destructive Second World
War. By the end of the war in 1945, some 60 lac Jews who were staying
in Germany and other territories occupied by the German Nazi forces,
had been killed systematically by the German Nazi forces led by Adolph
Hitler, something which is known as the Holocaust. Hitler and the other
like-minded Germans had considered the Jews along with some other
races of people as people of inferior racial quality and as enemies and
threats to the German society and nation and that is why they targeted
the Jews and robbed them of all human rights and first put them in
confinement centers known as ghettoes and from the ghettoes they took
them to the concentration camps which were built in many places in
Germany and other occupied territories and killed them in millions by
putting them in gas chambers and also by other all types of cruel
methods. When the war ended in the year 1945, some of the Jews got
liberated from the concentration camps by the Allied Armies.
The narrator in the story is unmistakably such a survivor of the
concentration camps. While others from her family had died she survived
the war and came back in search of her belongings which had been
taken away by Mrs. Dorling from her mother at the start of the war. By
the quoted sentence Mrs. Dorling refers to the holocaust saying that she
had thought that none of the narrators family members had been lucky
enough to come back.
2. The story The Address is divided into Pre-War and Post-War
times. What hardships do you think the girl underwent during
these times?
Answer:
Value Points:
War affects the fortunes of many
Mrs. S and her family left their town for safety purpose
she died the daughter returned
told the tragic story.
Before the War the narrator returns home

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finds things missing
Mrs. Dorling takes things away
the narrator doubts Mrs. Dorling. After War narrator returns to
take her belongings
the uncharitable Mrs. Dorlings behaviour and stored things
unsettles her things reminds her mothers memories
Becomes nostalgic wants to forget tragic past resolves to forget
the address and does not take things.
3. The Address is a story of human predicament that follows war.
Comment.
Answer:
Value Points:
Wars always bring death and destruction. Wars cannot end
conflict.
In Holland a Jew family suffered
disrupted the life of Mrs. S and her family
before War left town for safety
Mrs. Dorling took chance
grabbed her costly things.
Mrs. S died the daughter returns visits Mrs. Dorling, No. 46,
Marconi Street
she shows her uncharitable character denies recognition
in her second visit the narrator found the daughter of Mrs. Dorling
found her belongings became nostalgic recalled mother felt
sorry for her tragic death
things reminded the tragedy she had to undergo resolved to leave
things and forgot the address
War changed narrators life lost mother and costly things.
Long Questions:
1. What picture of corrupt human mind you find portrayed in the
character of Mrs. Dorling. What is your idea about her daughter?
2. What are the character traits of the narrator? Why is that she has
been given no name in the story?

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Short Questions
1. Highlight the pain of loss and frustrations and helplessness in the
mind of the narrator.
2. Is the story able to paint the horrible pictures of the inhuman Nazi
atrocities on the European Jews during the Second World War?
3. You find out that the narrator managed to come back from
somewhere. Where has she managed to come back from? (From the
Nazi concentration camps, the death camps, gas chambers, from the
jaws of death)
4. Why does the narrator say she knew and did not know the things?
What does that mean?
5. What changes of normalcy does the story speak about? (bread of a
lighter colour, which was of a darker colour for Jews during the War
etc.)
Rangas Marriage
byMastiVenkateshaIyengar
1. Describe the pictorial sketch of the Hosahalli village.
Ans. Hosahalli is the village of the narrator. Its beauty enchants one and
all. It is situated in the lap of nature. Its rusticity enthralls the readers
forever. Versatility of Gudabhatta and sense of humour of the villagers
are matchless. Nature around the village is a feast to behold. Taste of
mangoes would linger on your tongue forever.
2. Rangas home coming was an important event for the villagers.
Give reasons.
Ans. It was because the village accountant was the first one who had
enough courage to send his son to Bangalore to study. English was a
priceless commodity to the villagers. That was why his home coming was
a great event to them.

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3. Do you think that Ratna is a victim of the arranged marriage
system? Give reasons.
Ans. When the narrator arranged the marriage of Ranga with Ratna, we
have a conversation of Ranga and the narrator about their views on the
marriage in our society but Ratna was not asked for it once. It shows
that she got married without her consent or opinion about her
independent thinking at the age of just 11.
Answer the following question in 100 to 120 words
1. Do you think that Indian marriage system keeps Indian social
fabric alive? How?
Ans. Indian social fabric is based on the caste system. It has its own
social hierarchy that is strictly maintained by one and all for their own
convenience. The people like the narrators are ever ready to take
initiatives to get the bachelors like Ranga married by arranging and
compromising on traditions and rituals by virtue of their status in society
and sometimes with the help of so-called customs i.e. seeking help from
the Astrologers and Shastri.
In the present story, when Ranga returned to his village from the city, his
ideas about marriage were then quite different. He wanted to bring about
changes in the marriage system as a sole right of the individual. But the
narrator moulded his point of view to follow the beaten track of society
that is marriage is a social institute not the individuals choice. Thats
why I think that Indian arranged marriage system has been keeping
Indian social structure alive for the century.
2. English integrates India as a nation or it belittles/ dwarfs the
expression of native speakers. Elucidate.
Ans. The story Rangas Marriages raises very important moral issues of a
mode of communication in India and its consequences. In India English
is playing a role of lingua franca without any doubt. It holds a composite
dialogue among all Indians. It has brought all Indians together. It has
opened the window on world. India poses itself as a nation because of its
integrity. Another side of it is the excessive use and making it a matter of
dignity confuses the mind of common man. The middle class mentality

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thinks that English is the matter of dignity. For the sake of it they
discriminate the expression of the native speakers. Common mans
expression in their mother tongue is being dwarfed because of the
excessive value of English in upper class society. In the present story
Ranga was sent to pursue his education in city because of the mode of
communication that provides plenty of opportunities and gets dignity in
society. On the other hand it is a priceless commodity for the villagers. It
should have been a mode of communication only that bridges the gap
between two social strata.
Long Questions
1. Discuss the creative role played by the narrator in fixing the marriage
of Ranga.
2. Is the story an indirect comment on the worthlessness of Horoscopes
and Kundlies which can be managed to serve individual purpose?
Discuss.
3. What social atmosphere does the story portray?
4. What is the tone of the narration of the story? Is it ironical and
satirical, sarcastically humorous or tragic? Discussion
Short Questions
1. Is Ranga happy with his marriage?
2. Is the marriage of Ranga a love marriage or a perfectly arranged
marriage?
3. Describe the quality of the mangoes of the Hosahalli village?
4. How does Shastriji become a pawn in the hands of the narrator to
serve his purpose?
5. Comment on the ending of the story. Is it a proper ending considering
the general tone of the poem?

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Albert Einstein at School -Patrick Pringle
1. Why did Albert feel his medical certificate was burning a hole in
his pocket?
Answer: Before Albert could get an appointment with the head teacher to
show him the medical certificate which certified him that he needed to be
away from the school at least for six months because of nervous
breakdown, the head teacher himself summoned him to his room and
informed that he was being expelled from the school. Albert felt the
certificate burning in his pocket as it was rendered worthless.
2. What according to the head teacher were Alberts faults?
Answer: According to the head teacher, Albert was guilty of refusing to
learn and not allowing others learn and of being in constant rebellion at
school with his teachers.
3. What was the atmosphere in Alberts place of lodging which used
totrouble him so much?
Answer: The atmosphere was one of slum violence. His landlady used to
beat her children regularly and every Saturday her husband came drunk
and beat her.
4. Why did Albert need a medical certificate so badly?
Answer: Albert wanted to get rid of the school where he was studying and
wanted to go to Milan to get admission in an Italian college or institute
on the merit of his acknowledge expertise in Mathematics. However it
was his fathers wish that Albert get a diploma in that school. He felt that
his father would send him back to school if he left it that way. A medical
certificate certifying that he could not continue in school because of
health reasons could convince his father.
5. What was the doctors reaction when Albert visited him?
Answer: The doctor received Albert cordially and listened to his problem
in a friendly manner. He even agreed that Albert was really in a state of
nervous breakdown otherwise he would not have come to him for a
certificate in that line.

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1. Describe the exchanges between Albert Einstein and the history
teacher. What characteristics of Einsteins nature are highlighted
by this exchange?
Answer: This biographical piece first presents Albert in confrontation
with his history teacher. When the teacher asks him in what year the
Prussians had defeated the French at Waterloo, Albert flatly replies that
he did not know and this leads to a heated exchange between them.
When he is further asked why he did not try to learn them, he again
replies honestly that there is no point in learning dates which could be
checked in a book by anyone. This reply angers his teacher greatly who
responds asking him again whether he saw no point in learning facts
which forms the basis of school education at that time. To this again
Albert honestly replies that he did not see any point in learning facts.
Now his teacher becomes sarcastic and asks him to tell the class the
Einstein theory of Education. Ultimately Albert opines that he did not see
any point in learning dates of battles or which army killed more men but
he would be rather interested to know why those soldiers were trying to
kill each other. This made his teacher go mad with anger and he scolded
Albert viciously and asked him to stay back after school for an extra
period.
This exchange brings out the unthinking honesty of Albert as a child. He
of course lacked tactfulness and was very straightforward. He spoke
whatever was in his mind. Of course, he used to feel miserable in classes
like that of history. His mind was a great mind of science which used to
be in search of the true working of the universe and time and other
dimensions.
2. Describe the circumstances leading to Albert getting a medical
certificate issued declaring him unfit to continue school.
Answer:
Value Points:
Albert used to feel miserable at school which basically taught arts
subjects.
had regular confrontations with his teachers because of his honest
replies.
The environment of his lodging place was also miserable.

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Wanted to get rid of his school where he was because of his fathers
wish
So wanted to have a medical certificate certifying that he needed to
stay away from school because of nervous breakdown.
His friend Yuri helps him.
Albert is sent to a friend of Yuri who had freshly become a doctor.
He gets a certificate as suffering from nervous breakdown.
His medical certificate becomes useless as the school itself expels
him.
3. Describe the events leading to Alberts expulsion from his school.
Answer:
Value Points:
Albert was disinterested with his school which basically taught arts
subjects like History.
Used to come into confrontation with teachers because of his
unthinking honesty
Felt miserable at school and in his place of lodging which was full
of chaos and domestic violence.
Wanted to go to Milan for studying in an Italian School or college
on the merit of his acknowledged superior Mathematical expertise
Needed a medical certificate certifying him unfit to continue in
school
Manages such a certificate from a doctor referred by his friend Yuri
-However the head teacher summons him before he gets an
interview with him
He is informed that he has been expelled from school
Reasons- refusal to learn, constant rebellion against teachers.
Albert feels hurt in spite of the fact that he himself wanted to get
rid of the school.
Long Questions:
1. Bring out the humour contained in the lesson
2. Describe how Alberts friend Yuri and cousin Elsa help him.
3. What do you gather about the character of Albert as a school pupil?

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Short Questions:
1. Why did Albert consider the school a hateful place?
2. What is your idea about the school system of Germany at that time?
3. Yuri calls Albert the worlds worst liar- do you think this is an insult
or a compliment for Albert? Why?
4. What was the Mathematics teacher Kochs opinion about Alberts
mathematical knowledge?
5. What was Elsas advice to Albert regarding study and examination?
MOTHERS DAY
By J. B. Priestley
Value Points
The job of a mother in a family is actually a twenty four hour job
and the mother does not have the luxury of even enjoying any
weekend, any holiday.
The popular conception is that only those who are in service have
to work hard. The mother who stays at home has a leisurely life.
The other members in the family always take the work that the
mother does at home for granted and gives no credit for that.
The children in a family go on to believe that the job of the mother
is to keep herself in the beck and call of her children and so is the
thinking of the husband of the family towards his wife.
The mother needs to be harsh and assertive every now and then
with her children and husband, reminding them that the work she
does is a round the clock work and is valued much more than
theirs.
If the mother of the family turns out to be too soft with her attitude
towards her children and husband, then the children are bound to
be led astray and spoilt as is the case with Cyril and Doris Pearson.

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Always a little bit of caution, cold looks, strong words and body
language from the mother help the atmosphere of the family
ordered and the health wholesome.
1. What is Mrs. Fitzgeralds opinion about Charley Spence?
Answer: Mrs. Pearson opines that Charlie Spence is buck-toothed and
half-witted and she would not like to be seen dead with a fellow like
Charlie Spence.
2. What is Doris idea what might have happened that made their
mother behave so strangely?
Answer: Doris suggested to her brother Cyril that their mother could
have hit her head against something and got a concussion and therefore
she behaved in a strange way.
3. What does Mrs. Pearson tell George Pearson what peoples
conception about him in the Club is?
Answer: Mrs. Pearson, who is actually Mrs. Fitzgerald, tell her husband
that he is a standing joke for the other club members and they call him
Pompy-ompy Pearson as they think he is very slow and pompous.
4. What is Cyrils prime fault as expressed by Mrs. Pearson?
Answer: According to Mrs. Pearson, Cyril spends too much time and
money at greyhound races and dirt tracks and ice shows.
5. What is Mrs. Fitzgeralds suggestion to Mrs. Pearson how she
could maintain that atmosphere of discipline and realization that she
created?
Answer: Mrs. Fitzgerald suggested that Mrs. Pearson was not to start any
explaining or apologizing or it would spoil the good work that was done.
She was asked to just give her children and husband a look, or a tone of
voice off and on to suggest that she might be tough with them if she
wanted to be.
Long Questions:
1. What are the issues that the play, Mothers Day highlights?
Answer: The play Mothers Day basically highlights the different real
aspects related to the status of the mother in a family. In most

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familiesthe mother is a house wife who stays at home while the father
and in some cases the children go out for works. The popular concept is
that only those who are in service have to work hard and therefore they
need weekends and holidays for taking rest and after coming from work
they need to be waited upon by the mother who is seen as living a life of
leisure. The reality is that the job of mother in a family is a twenty four
hour harsh job for which she cannot have the luxury of even enjoying
any weekend and holidays. That is the case with Mrs. Pearson in this
play. Her two grown-up children Cyril and Doris Pearson and her
husband George Pearson always take the work that Mrs. Pearson does at
home for granted and gives absolutely no credit to her for that and they
want her to be at their beck and call. However it is Mrs. Pearson whose
love and care and concern and soft attitude and lack of any assertion at
all towards those three members of her family that has created trouble
for her and has spoilt them perfectly.
The mother needs to be harsh and assertive every now and then with her
children and husband, reminding them that the work she does is a
round the clock work and is valued much more than theirs. If the mother
of the family turns out to be too soft with her attitude towards her
children and husband, then the children are bound to be led astray and
spoilt as is the case with Cyril and Doris Pearson. Ultimately Mrs.
Fitzgeralds idea of changing bodies and personality with Mrs. Pearson
brings reform to the errant family members.
2. How does Mrs. Pearson reform her spoilt family members?
Answer:
Value Points:
Mrs. Fitzgerald is Mrs. Pearsons neighbour.
She is domineering, practical, quite opposite to the character of
Mrs. Pearson.
Mrs. Pearson is soft, unassertive, too fond of her children and
husband.
She knows about their mistakes but cannot be harsh with them.
Mrs. Fitzgerald compels her friend to agree to change body with
her with magic to straighten her family members.
So they change bodies.

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Mrs. Pearson first takes on her daughter Doris whom she scolds
for her erratic behaviour.
Next she takes on her son Cyril whom she scolds scathingly for
preparing to go out for late night parties.
Ultimately, she attends to her husband who has acquired very
bad name in his club where he spends most of his time/
Mrs. Pearsons behaviour is puzzling for the three confused
family members.
The three ultimately are made to be aware of Mrs. Pearsons
actual status in her home.
They promise to reform themselves.
Mrs. Pearson and Mrs. Fitzgerald change back their bodies.
3. Make character sketches of Doris, Cyril and George Pearson.
Doris is perfectly spoilt./ wants to be waited upon by her
mother/takes no permission for going out with her boyfriend who
according to her mother is worthless/ Weeps in every possible
opportunity/highly immature.
Cyris is equally pampered and immature/ wants to be waited upon by
his mother/engrossed in outdoor life/ late night partying and betting
on horse racing/
George Pearson is haughty, pompous, arrogant and self important and
uncivil/ careless of domestic duties/ unconcerned about his wifes
wishes and pain/ engrossed in an outdoor life/ spends his time in the
club where he has got a bad impression unknown to him/ ultimately
is brought to the reality of his actual social situation.
4. What is Magic Realism? How has the dramatist used the device of
Magic Realism in making the plot of the play believable for the reader?
Answer:
Value Points:
Magic realism is a modern method used in fiction where magical
elements are intermixed with the realistic description of everyday
affair in such a way that the magical elements are taken as realistic
description which help in emphasizing some basic aspect where the
writer wants to give focus.
Popularized by writers such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Salman
Rushdie, MilanKundera etc.

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In this play, Mrs. Fitzgerald changes her body with Mrs. Pearson,
something which is impossible in real life.
However, the reader does not object to this fantastic aspect in the plot
line because this element has been used in such a way in the plotline
that the reader overlooks the impossibility as his real focus is the real
issues of the play which is highlighted by the dramatist.
Discuss some of the humourous situations of the play.
Answer:
Value Points:
First is the scene where Doris is scolded for preparing to go out with
Charley Spence.
Mrs. Pearsons comments on Charley Spence and Doris reaction to
them/ Her weeping
Doris and Cyrils hushed discussion between them as to the possible
cause of -her mothers strange behaviour
The scene where Mr. Person finds his wife drinking wine for the first
time in his life and Mrs. Pearsons answers to his questions.
Mrs. Peasrons comments about what others think about George in
the club and Georges reaction to them.
Mrs. Pearsons threatening to beat up her husband as reaction to her
husbands uncivil behaviour towards Mrs. Fitzgerald.
Long Questions:
1. Do the two youths in the story exemplify typical youths of their age
group? Or they have much more individuality?
2. What is the universal aspect of the story in the play?
3. What are the aspects of European society that the play mirrors?
4. Do you feel that Mrs. Pearson will really be able to keep her family
members on track or you feel Mrs. Fitzgeralds good work will be
wasted in due course of time?
Short Questions:
1. Is the title of the play proper? What other titles you can imagine for
the play?
2. What do Mrs. Fitzgeralds magic words signify about the origin of
those words
3. How do Cyril and Doris justify their behaviour?

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4. How does Mrs. Fitzgerald prove to Mr. Pearson that what she has
opined about his actual status in the Clun is in fact true, a common
knowledge?
5. What is the reaction of the Pearson youths and the father towards
each others predicament?
Value based Question:
1. Do you approve of whatever Mrs. Fitzgerald does for reforming the
errant Pearson family?
BIRTH
By A. J. Cronin
Value Points
Peoples sense of responsibility towards work.
A doctors sense of duty, dedication, and humanistic approach
towards his patients.
The supreme joy of motherhood.
The real sense of fulfillment and peace and joy that a piece of good
work done brings to human mind.
The real piece of work in human life lies in bringing joy in other
peoples life.
The tremendous sense of expectation and anxiety that is caused in
other family members heart when a baby is on the way.
The technical aspects of the resuscitation method as regards a newborn.
Short Question Answers:
1. What was the dilemma that Andrew faced after the baby was
born?
Answer: After the baby was born, Andrew was faced with the dilemma
whether to attend to the baby which was still-born in order to try to
resuscitate it or to turn his attention rather to the mother, Susan
Morgan, who was in a desperate state of health because of loss of blood
and labour pain.
2. Why was Joe and Susan Morgans case special for Andrew?

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Answer: Joe and Susan Morgans case was special for Andrew because
Joe and Susan were expecting their first child although they had been
married for twenty years.
3. What was Susan Morgans suggestion to Andrew which she
informed through her mother-in-law?
Answer: Susan Morgan wished that she was not to be given the
chloroform if it would harm the baby.
4. What did Andrew guess could be cause of the baby being still
born?
Answer: Andrew found out that the baby had turned white and it could
mean only one thing: asphyxia which is suffocation or unconscious
condition caused by lack of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide in the
blood, accompanied by paleness of the skin, weak pulse, and loss of
reflexes.
5. What is your impression about Dr. Andrew as a doctor and a
human being?
Answer: The story Birth is a comment on what a doctor should really be
as a doctor and a human being. Dr. Andrew is an exceptionally dutiful
and kind and passionate human being. Not only he sets aside mental
and bodily fatigue to visit Joe Morgans house dead at night, but also he
almost rebels against natures laws to keep trying to bring breath back to
the still born baby wherein he succeeds.
Long Questions with answer and hints
1. Describe the efforts that Andrew made in order to bring the still
born baby back to life.
Answer: After pulling the still born baby out from beneath the bed,
Andrew could guess why the baby had lost its breath. The cause was
asphyxia which is a condition in which insufficient or no oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged on a ventilator basis caused by choking or
drowning. Therefore, he realized that there was point in trying to
resuscitate the baby with the help of the traditional resuscitation
methods applied in such cases. So he first laid the baby upon a blanket
and began the special methods of respiration. Thus he poured hot and
cold water in two basins and frantically went on pushing the baby into
the water of both the basins alternately for almost half an hour. But no

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breath emerged from the baby and a sense of desperation and defeat set
in his mind. Still he wanted to put in another last effort. So this time, he
rubbed the baby with a rough towel and then he crushed and released
the little chest with both his hands, trying to get breath into that lax
body. And after this, the miracle happened and the tiny chest of the baby
gave a heave and then another and then another and Andrew was
victorious as the baby was finally revived.
2. Why was Andrew so emotionally attached to his efforts to bring
the lifeless baby back to life?
Answer: Hints:
Joe Morgan and Susan Morgan were expecting the birth of their
first birth
They were married for twenty years.
It was Dr. Andrew who had been handling the case.
Andrew had assured the couple of no complication and safe
delivery of the baby.
All others in Morgans family were anxious
Susan Morgan feels labour pain before due date
Susans mother-in-law informs Andrew about Susans wish to go
through labour pain without anesthesia in case the same would
hurt the baby.
Andrew goes on with anesthesia
A still baby is born
Andrew has to do something to revive the baby because he had
held a promise.
3. Why does Andrew comment that he had done something real at
last in Blaenelly?
Answer: Value Points:
Andrew Manson is a young doctor just out of medical school.
The place where he works is a small mining town named Blaenelly.
He had been handling the case of Joe and Susan Morgan who were
expecting their first child after twenty years of marriage.
Andrew had assured the couple of no complication and safe
delivery of the baby.

BAWANI KHERA
He visits Joe Morgans house dead at night as Susan Morgan has
premature labour pain
In an atmosphere of anxiety and expectation, he works for the safe
delivery of the baby
A lifeless baby is born and Susan is on the verge of death too
Andrew is crushed
He first helps Susans condition improve
Then he works massively for resuscitating the breathless baby
After half an hours harsh struggle, the baby breaths
At last Andrew can be true to the promise he had held.
Saving the lives of two this way and guaranteeing joy to a whole
family is thus something real
Long Questions
1. Compare and contrast Dr. Andrews contrasting emotional status at
the beginning of the story and in the end.
2. What does the story highlight about the essence of true happiness and
joy and sense of fulfillment through Dr. Andrews experience.
3. Is there any supernatural element about the baby being brought back
to life from being dead? Or the writer has presented the phenomenon
as natural in the story?
Short Questions:
1. What is Dr. Andrews concept about women? What led him to think
that way?
2. What was the expression and attitude of the mid wife/nurse towards
what Dr. Andrew was doing?
3. What is the setting of the story? (Time and place where it is set)
4. Bring out the atmosphere of expectation and anxiety in the mind of
the Morgan family members.
5. Why did the baby lose its breath?
Value based question
1. Do you feel that modern day doctors are rather mechanical medical
machines without human emotions? Or it is rather a prejudiced
opinion about these professionals who are also considered human
gods?

BAWANI KHERA
The Tale of Melon City
byVikram Seth
Short-Answer Questions:
1. How do you think a just and placid king would be after reading
the first two lines?
Ans: The qualities of justness and placidity fits a king. After reading the
first two lines of the poem we feel that the king would be truth loving and
serious about his administration.
2. How did the king react when the people responsible for tumbling
the kings crown started blaming each other?
Ans: The king started immediately accepting the other ones statement
and declaring punishment for them.
3. Ultimately, who was held responsible in the matter of fixing the
charges for insulting the crown?
Ans: The king himself was held responsible for insulting the crown as no
one was of the height to fit the rope.
4. The Tale of Melon City is an irony. Describe giving instances from
the poem.
Ans: The instance of deciding the issue of the wisest man and the next
king is an irony on the decision making process in modern government
while the Kings getting executed by his own order is an irony on the
nature of so called just laws.
1. Sometimes stressing too much on rules and regulations is also
difficult for smooth functioning and may lead to chaos and
anarchy. Explain in wake of the theme of the poem Tale of Melon
City.
Value points:
-Rules are made for systematizing working
-Following all rules in all conditions not possible
-Need of change in rules as per circumstances
-Kings stress on his just and placid nature
-The disastrous result.

BAWANI KHERA
Questions for Practice:Long Questions:
1. Describe the different twists and turns of the story.
2. What larger picture of politics does the story in the poem paint?
3. Describe the exercise undertaken by the king and his men to frame
charges for the crowns insult. What was its final result?
Short Questions:
1. What is the tone of the poem? Is it ironical and satiric or sarcastic?
Comment.
2. How do the architects and the masons save themselves from the
blame?
3. What does the melon being a King signify
SECTION E
Long Reading Text - Novel - 15 Marks
With a view to inculcate the habit of reading among the students, CBSE
has introduced compulsory reading of a Long Reading Text - Novel in the
English Core Course and will be evaluated in both Formative and
Summative Assessments.
The long reading text prescribed for class XI is:
1. The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde (unabridged version 1906
Edition)
OR
2. Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington 2000 Edition
B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL recommends The Canterville Ghost by
Oscar Wilde to be followed in all KVs for uniformity.
There will be two long answer questions on the theme, plot, character
and incidents from the prescribed Novel.
Question 12: Long Answer Question (Approximately 150 Words)
08 Marks

BAWANI KHERA
07 Marks
1. Oscar Wildes The Canterville Ghost is written in such a way
that the story, in spite of being about a ghost, does not scare the
readers, instead it makes them laugh. Comment.
Answer: The Centerville Ghost does not scare readers, instead it makes
them laugh.Despite the attempts made by Sir Simon who is the ghost in
the story to appear in the most scary guises, the family refuses to be
frightened, and Sir Simon feels increasingly helpless and humiliated.
When Mrs. Otis notices a mysterious red mark on the floor, she simply
replies that she does not at all care for blood stains in the sitting room.
When Mrs. Umney, the housekeeper, informs Mrs. Otis that the blood
stain is indeed evidence of the ghost and cannot be removed, Washington
Otis, the eldest son, suggests that the stain be removed with Pinkertons
Champion Stain Remover and Paragon Detergent: A quick fix, like the
Tammany Rising Sun Lubricator, and a practical way of dealing with the
problem.
The most humorous character in the story is undoubtedly the ghost
himself, Sir Simon, who goes about his duties with theatrical elegance
and talent. He assumes a series of dramatic roles in his failed attempts
to impress and terrify the Otises, making it easy to imagine him as a
comical character in a stage play. The ghost has the ability to change
forms, so he taps into his range of tricks. He takes the role of ghostly
apparitions such as a Headless Earl, a Strangled Babe, the Blood-Sucker
of Bexley Moor, Jonas the Graveless, Suicides Skeleton, and the CorpseSnatcher of Chertsey Barn, all having succeeded in horrifying previous
castle residents over the centuries. But none of them works with these
Americans. Sir Simon schemes, but even as his costumes become
increasingly ghostly, his antics do nothing to scare his house guests, and
the Otises succeed in failing him every time. He falls victim to trip wires,
pea shooters, butter-slides, and falling buckets of water. In a particularly
comical scene, he is frightened by the sight of a ghost, rigged up by the
mischievous twins.
In this way, The Centerville Ghost, makes the readers laugh all the way
instead of making them squeeze in horror.

BAWANI KHERA
2. The Canterville Ghost is study in contrast. Justify the statement.
Ans. The story of The Canterville Ghost is the embodiment of contrasts.
The story begins with the plot where American Characters wish to settle
down in European context. The story provides insights into the worlds of
European conservatism & American rationalism. Mr. Otis is a
representative character of American culture who wants to believe only in
the present, mirroring a practical, pragmatic and capitalist point of view
in every sphere of life. On the other hand, Lord Canterville and Mrs.
Umney belong to the European culture and they are determined to
safeguard their traditions and customs faithfully without verifying the
authenticity and practical value of it. The writer has used gentle humour
to point out the human foibles that make human beings superstitious,
blind follower of culture and narrow minded.
In the present story, the writer wants to show the contrast and difference
between the two cultures in their way of thinking as well in their way of
life. Virginia establishes empathy with the ghost and the ghost narrates
his tragedy of isolated life that keeps his past alive and haunted. She has
held a composite dialogue with the ghost. As a result, the ghost repents
of his misdeed. It contrasts with the behaviour of the rest of the family
members. The author satirizes American capitalism and superior
complexity and he makes fun of British puritanism and traditionalism.
Member of the Otis family always laughs at the eccentric nature of the
ghost without taking into account the miserable condition of the ghost.
They do not respect and try to study the value of the British tradition. It
shows their conceit.
3. Virginia holds a composite dialogue to bring two cultures
together. Justify it. (Value based question).
Ans. VALUE POINTS:
She represents the positive view of young generation.
Believes in dialogue to understand others problem.
Established empathy with the person (the ghost) who always
remained in the past; escapes from the reality,
Restores faith in the ghost through interaction
Made the ghost realize his misdeed.
Conduit between two culture way of life
Cross cultural understanding
Mouth piece of the writer

BAWANI KHERA
Aspiration of the new generation to be inclusive.
Doesnt neglect the traditions of Europe, respects them try to
understand.
4. The Canterville Ghost mirrors the mindset of a middle class
family. Discuss it.
Ans. VALUE POINTS
Otis family showing off their modernism, fearlessness, superior
complexity, American Capitalism
Prefer material things to traditional values
The Ghost egoism, way to repent on his misdeed, male
domination, sticking to tradition without any sense
Sir Simon murdered his wife because she was not a good cook, nor
could do repair work.
5. Describe the universal message of the story. (Value based
question)
Ans. VALUE POINTS
Cross cultural understanding
Excessive belief in tradition and customs make the person
superstitious and blind follower
Traditions keep the past alive
The Ghost is the imagination of bankrupt mind
Through composite dialogue solve any problem
Modern outlook and challenging nature , pragmatism always
challenge the nonsense customs and rituals
Egoism of capitalism and puritanism of Europe - conflict
07 Marks
1. How does the writer justify that the place is haunted?
Ans. The Canterville Ghost is well designed and imaginative product of a
creative mind of Oscar Wilde. The Canterville Ghost is not just a
suspense story of ghost but also it is the great example to give a
universal message through word woven.
The following are the examples, incidents and action that may prove that
the place has been haunted.

BAWANI KHERA
The Ghost has been seen by many a person and there was a man who
can be trusted by one and all witnessed the appearance of the ghost. He
was nothing but the Rector of the Parish, the Rev. Augustus Dampier.
Secondly the grandmother of Lord canteville felt unconscious when two
skeleton hands were placed on her shoulder. Moreover, Lady Canterville
often had very little sleep at night. Mrs. Umney always found blood
stains on the carpet.
The rankling of the chain heard by Mr. Otis, one who did not believe in
the superstitiousness. The disappearance of Virginia made the Otis
family confirmed about the presence of the Ghost. These are the
examples described by the writer to justify that the place is haunted.
2. Do you think that The Canterville Ghost is just a ghost story?
Justify.
Ans. VALUE POINTS
Yes /No
Ghost stories get us to the world of horror
Makes the readers curious, excited, anxious
Main themes would be death, horror, witch, evils, traditional
prophecies
It is a story with a difference. The writer used the Ghost as an
image to weave a plot of cross culture understanding. The ghost is
not horrible. He didnt succeed to terrify the Otis family. He also
wanted to leave the place
He confessed his misdeeds, wants to terrify only not to murder
anybody
He himself was frightened by the twins; his miserable condition
makes the story humorous.
3. How did the Ghost himself get rid of his stereo type role?
Ans. VALUE POINTS
Became dejected as nobody fears him
Made no appearance
The ghost confides in Virginia
The Ghost seeks help from Virginia
He requested Virginia to weep for him as a result he got salvation.
Prayed for him
He was repentant

BAWANI KHERA
God has forgiven him because of Virginia
4. What are the attempts made by the Ghost to terrorize the Otis
family?
Ans. VALUE POINTS
The persistent blood stains
Strangely there was thunder and lightning at their arrival
The sound of clanking metal
The ghost with burning red eyes
Emitting a ghostly green light
Extinguishing the candle, giving out frightening sounds of
demoniac laughter
5. Describe the behavior of each character in the story with the
Ghost.
Ans. VALUE POINTS
Mr. Otis challenged the existence of the ghost, to prove his
modernism
Mrs. Otis cool minded ordered Umney to clean up the floor
Virginia restored faith in him, provides platform to express his
inner heart, establishes empathy and helps him to get rid of this
victimization.
The Twins made a fun of him, first who dared to frighten the
Ghost, made the Ghost realize his mistakes and shortcoming, made
him belittled.
Washington wanted to remove the blood stains practically, with
Pinkertons champion stain Remover, shows his indifferent attitude
towards the existence of the ghost.
The Canterville Ghost

Some other important questions
1. It was the ghost who was haunted by the American family. Explain the
statement indicating instances from the novel.
2. The Canterville Ghost presents more instances of belied expectations
and terrors than that of frightening incidents usually incorporated in
ghost novels. Discuss.

BAWANI KHERA
3. Describe the character of Virginia in the novel.
4. The activities of the ghost are at the same time horrifying and
amusing. Support the statement with help from relevant instances
from the novel.
5. State your views on Duke of Cheshire and Virginias relationship in
the novel.
6. Why did the American Republican Minister, Mr. Otis purchase the
Canterville Chase despite knowing it to be haunted?
7. Mention the plans made by the ghost to frighten the Otis family.
8. Write a detailed note on the tricks played by the twin on the ghost.
9. If given an option, which part of the novel would you like to change or
modify and why?
10. Explain the role played by supernatural elements apart from the
ghost in the novel.
11. The ghost and Mr. Otiss family presented a cultural clash between
English and the United States. Explain.
12. How did the ghost help Virginia to see the significance of life and
death, and why love is stranger than both?

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B. K. SR. SEC.

Text Book published by NCERT, New Delhi

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B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

THE VOICE OF THE RAIN

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2) I in the third and fourth line stands for:

3) Eternal I rise means:

4) The word impalpable in the fourth line means:

c) untouched and unseen d) bottomless

B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

How did the poet realise his being grown up?

B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

What kind of phase of his life does the stanza reveal?

What is the poet asking for?

What does the stanza expose?

B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

What do the words My own and mine stand for?

When did his childhood go?

Which phase of life does this stanza show?

Why did he choose his way?

What does the first line suggest?

What would the forgotten place stand for?

What does he know about his childhood?

B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

Find out the rhyme scheme in the present stanza.

Answer the following question up to 40 words.

B. K. SR. SEC. PUBLIC SCHOOL

The Portrait of a Lady

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List the steps taken by the captain

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The Ailing Planet: The Green Movements Role

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