Consumer perception towards the shift in online shopping using website to mobile

application shopping
Abstract
To analyse the factors which are important for the consumers to shift from web base
shopping to mobile application base shopping who have shifted from wed-shopping
to mobile-based, tablets, pds, application based shopping. As there is little
information available about such kind of shift and as it is a difficult task to measure
all of the factors as too many factors are involved.
One of the objective of this sudy is to find out the important factors which influence
such shift which have been found as important in purchasing items online. the goal
has been achieved by measuring the impact of some of the factors like convenience,
mobile knowledge, mobile application knowledge, security towards online shopping.
To find out the result sample of 200 were taken and the data was collected through
questionnaire method in delhi NCR area in india.
Keywords: online shopping, shopping behavior, consumer attitude, b2c ecommerce, m-commerce.
Introduction
e-commerce is the exchange of items and service digitally. E-commerce deals are
done over pc system, using many arrangements and devices like pc, portable pc,
tablets and cell phones. It can be characterize amoung four classes as.
B2B: it includes exchange of good between organizations, for example between a
manufacturer and wholesaler and retailers.
B2C: it includes exchange of good between organization and consumers. Directly
offering to buyers by means of ICT system.
C2C: it includes exchange of goods between consumer to consumer.
Further e-commerce can be classified into four type.
Online ticketing: booking of tickets online via websites, booking travel stay in hotels,
events etc.

Online retail: includes buying and selling stuff online on the website, where the
company markets the items to clients to utilize the web
Online retail: Includes gateways offering retail items on the web, wherein the
organization markets items to clients using the web furthermore embraces obligation
regarding the delivery of those items, either through his own particular system or
through an outsider. In this model, organizations for the most part hold stock of
products.
Online commercial centers: Includes all electronic stages where merchants show
items for different clients/purchasers to buy on the web. Online commercial center
does not go for broke and simply gives a stage to the purchaser and dealer to
execute.
Online arrangements: Includes sites that o er arrangements to clients on different
items and administrations. To profit the arrangement, the client regularly makes an
installment on the arrangement site before it is recovered at the seller's physical
area.
What is e-retail?
e-retail is every one of the method for execution by using electronic medium. It
contains two plan of action , online retail and online commerce center.
m-commerce is a sub product of the innovation meeting of information technology
with the telecom innovations, which is mutually dependent to data and
communication technologies. M-commerce might be viewed as an result of
electronic commerce to remote medium. This meeting, empowers many location
based administrations, which is impractical in e-commerce.
These creative administrations are made joining the two advancement. Today, the
extent of m-commerce is merged on every stroll of life. From travel, managing
account and advertising etc. this has guided the indian business world to move their
center towards the online market. There is enormous growth for the advance users
based on planned action to investigate the business sector around the provincial
poor, also to business world. 75 million province population in the nation. Most of the
population is unaware to the world of internet, versatile innovation based
organization can overcome boundaries of proficiency, accessibility and take a toll.

The cell phone era can highlight well disposed clients and also empower an unskilled
to work.
m- business is hard to characterize and can be translated in many ways. This proves
that m- commerce is a very new category and few denitions are there to define it. Mcommerce can be characterized as all the exercise identified with a business
exchange directed through system that interface with remote devices. Another
definition can be m-coomerce is the utilization of remote gadget to impact,
collaborate and execute through fast correspondence system that interface with
remote gadget, website etc. (shuster, 2001, p.2), angsana (2002)
m-commerce
mobile commerce is the uasage of data advanced technologies with high end
portable devices which interact with a business forms. Also with end goal of
administration of business connections. It is also said that it is advance remote etrade that does not need wires and module gadgets. Portable trade is in which
clients can do exchange of any kind, i.e purchase, selling, inquiring, and
administration, by cash of through the internet. Assuming its wide potential many
organization in the present time are using such kind of technology providing most
benefits to the clients and the business world.
m-commerce is similar to e-commerce with the exception that m-commerce is
portable. Essentially m-trade is similar to e-trade with the exception of m-business
exchanges ordinarily take place through a portable Web page or an instant
message. These can appear as scanner tags on cellular telephones. It includes new
advances, administrations and plans of action. It is entirely unique in relation to
customary e-Commerce. Cell telephones force altogether different imperatives than
desktop PCs. Yet, they additionally open the way to a large number of new
applications furthermore, benefits. They tail you wherever you go, making it
conceivable to search for a close-by eatery, stay in contact with associates, or pay
for things at a store. M-trade (portable business) is the purchasing and offering of
merchandise and administrations through remote handheld gadgets, for example,
cell phone and individual computerized partners (PDAs). Known as cutting edge ebusiness, m-trade empowers clients to access the Internet without expecting to

discover a spot to connect to. Remote Application Protocol (WAP) is the developing
innovation behind m-business.
1. Devices used in m-commerce
m-commerce is not just about mobile phones , there are many different
categories which follows.
Mobile telephone
PDA ( personal digital assistant)
Laptops
Earpiece
2. Benifites of m-commerce
Portable as people can carry them effortlessly.
Consumer can be reached anywhere and anyplace.
Confortable to use , as gadgets have internet acess and can be

accessed anywhere and anytime.

Easy for business to get demographic data.
Can be used for both work and play
Devices are affordable as such people are willing to buy them with

ease
3. Shortcommings of m-commerce
The have smaller screen as compared to laptop.
Sms have limited number of words which can be used.
It is less versatile over the internet as compared to other devise like

PC.
The are many security issue
It takes a while to adopt to new devices.
Not all devise are equipped for m-commerce.
Client interface is hard to find out.
Contrained data transmission.

Literature review
e-commerce
There has been seen many potential, in the indian market for e-retailing.
Given the low entrance of pc, and the cost component, incomparision the
entrance of cell phones and the growth of plastic money has supported to
the growth of e-commerce. As such the e-retaial market has open doors
for the individuals, the industry , the business. It has many advantages
over the traditional methods of communication i.e the paper base as such
the e-mails does not use paper and also has a cost benefit. (adam, 2015)
Another study recognized the components that impact the attitude of
online shoppers, factors that influence employess of domain shoppers,

web shoppers. This report has shown that fast development of web
shopping, this development is inspired numerous retailers for offering
items or services online, which is the essential channel to extend the
busiess sector. The constant improvement in the fields of e-commerce has
helped has helped to comprehend the client conduct as to know the
choices of the consumer to buy online items, or services (schiffman and
kanuk, 1997). To comprehend online utilization related clients conduct
needs to prompt different qualities, for this study the purchaser choice
companent proposed by kotlet and Armstrong (1997). This study has 9
components including search devices, online shopping centers, auction
sites, convenience, price, price, brand, security, promotion and refund
may be suitable to investigate and break down customer online
preference. This study results has shown the nine basic components
elements of B2C e-trade can lead web clients to acknowledge online
shopping. In this study, the numerous examination has utilized the nine
componets the most the score of the rest displayed that every one of the
componets has positive factual impact to the internet usage to
achnowledge web shopping. Amoung the nine componets the most
important was the price, refund, convenience, auction sites, promotion,
brand, search devices, security and online shopping centers. (akbarm, s &
james P.T.J (2014)).
In the time of web innovation, wi-fi services and advance mobile devices
has impacted the advancement of internet usage. They are seen to be
independent or dependent. Online improvement now can connect with the
crowd in a many new ways. The growth of innovation is due to
improvement in the visual, data recognition. Internet can connect to
wider crowd in very short time. By using internet business can protray the
items, service. At the click of mouse, customers, clients can access the
service easylily and have many choices. In addition, with more security,
clients can take part in internet shopping. All type of items and services
and be sold over the internet . as a result company can guarantee the
advancement of there items on the web. The study demonstrate what the
clients feel important for online advancement. (fallis, a, (2013)).
It has also been seen that large portion of the respondent of the age
group between 36-45 years were observed to be adopters internet
shopping. The were vast majority of the males, whiles there were 53% non
adopters. The people were with the salary of rs20000- to rs30000. The
respondent were the people who use the internet for 5 to 7 hours a day
were the one who adopted at a very early stage. Further the componets
investigates the connection that explains the differenct meaning behind
reception and non reception of the web shopping. The four variables used
in the research are price, convenience and variety, easy payment and
challenges of online shopping.
The majority of the customers like to buy items online because they can
get good discounts online. Adding to it the customers feel that they can
access the site with ease online which can be trusted for buying. The

buyer feel that shopping online give them many variety. Shopping online
is easy as it can be done using tablet or PC to shop rather then getting
prepared to go outside to shop. Shopping online saves time and cash.
Customer feel that they can save money of travel by shooping online. A
informed customer know about the purchasing techniques of online
purchase as it is really very straightforward. The main stress of the buyer
is in regards to the dependability of the sites they are purchasing from.
Many shoppers know about the ticket booking online because of which
they are exceptional and concerned while giving there visa details. The
online buyer take a more extended time in the shipment and conveyance.
The reseach of this study is checking the itmes physically before acquiring
it. (Gurleen, k. 2012).
Online shopping has become quite famous in the recent course of time. At
present time it is being used most by the net generation, this classification
is very helpful. Web shopping online shopping can be very convenient but
it also has a great degree on problems. Shoppers have been seen to
display distinctive purchasing behaviour when shopping online then when
they are shopping in a physical store. By applying the model it was found
that there is no noteworthy contrast amoung the male and female
respondent. The result demonstrate that the respondent have seen web
shopping in a positive way. (Makwana, k, dattani, k & badlani, h 2011).
The study shows that consumer perception is free of there age and gender
however it is not free of there capability ,income. The result further shows
connection between buyers and there impact on the expectation to
purchase through the web. Shoppers view service, responsibility and web
security of web browsing have a huge impact on the purchase intention.
The result are for the most part stable, with past discoveries . web
security has gotten better for the most part, which have a impact on the
web usage. (gefen, 2002, jarvenpaa et al 1999, 2000, koufaris and
Hampton- sosa, 2004). Advertisers need to understand that the internet
showcasing environment influence the way buyer purchase and see the
content on the internet. Web security and commitment can clarify a great
part of variety in web browsing and purchasing expectation (shergill and
chen, 2005, genfer, 2002, jarvenpaa et al 1999) haq z u (2007).

6.

Customer adoption of mobile commerce, a study on emerging economy

Safeena, R., Hundewale, N., & Kamani, A. (2011). Customer s Adoption of MobileCommerce A Study on Emerging Economy. International Journal of E-Education, EBusiness,

E-Management

and

http://doi.org/10.1080/15332860802086367

E-Learning,

1(3),

228233.

The consequence of this study demonstrates that apparent handiness, saw usability,
subjective standard, buyer mindfulness and saw danger are the imperative
determinants of portable managing an account reception. This study meets the
craved goal; however it experiences one mishap. Study reasons that larger part of
clients are tolerating internet keeping money in light of numerous great elements.
Investigation inferred that value, usability, subjective standard, mindfulness and
dangers identified with it are the fundamental examining variables to acknowledge
internet keeping money framework. These elements have a solid and constructive
outcome on clients to acknowledge portable keeping money framework. The
moderately little size of as far as possible speculation of the result of the study. The
study is focused on a specific area and thus the outcome might differ with area and
the demography of the general population.
7.

Gitau, L., & Nzuki, D. (2014). Analysis of Determinants of M-Commerce

Adoption by Online Consumers. International Journal of Business, Humanities and

Technology, 4(3), 8894.
This study recognizes the components that impact reception of m-business by online
shoppers. Utilizing the current writing, the study has demonstrated that apparent
helpfulness, Perceived convenience, cost, trust, individual inventiveness, behavioral
control, social impact and demographic variables impact the appropriation of mbusiness by online clients. By and Barnes (2007), trust is a great deal more critical
than alternate develops; this suggests trust working between the clients and
merchants ought to be a noteworthy sympathy toward the versatile administration
suppliers while enhancing the handiness of the framework which thusly will affect
decidedly on the reception of m-trade. Seen expense is likewise an essential
variable; along these lines, this study recommends that the innovative limited time
and evaluating methodologies, including cost decrease ought to be executed to pull
in more value cognizant clients. The social impact ought to be considered to support
the appropriation of m-trade. Case in point, the administration suppliers ought to pull
in clients by means of different interpersonal organizations and channels, for
example, verbal exchange and casual classes (Lu et al., 2008)
The administration ought to plan arrangements particularly concentrating on trust
and security, to support m-business reception by online shoppers.

8.

Duane, A., & Reilly, P. O. (2012). SMART MOBILE MEDIA SERVICES Mobile

Commerce: Consumer Perceptions of Smart Mobile Media Services ( SMMS ) and

M-Payments. Group.
PDAs present associations with a boundless capability of M - Commerce
opportunities. For business associations, a comprehension of purchasers' ability to
utilize Smart Phones to draw in with push and force Smart Mobile Media Services
(SMMS), and all the more imperatively to make M-Payments, are of vital
significance. This White Paper presents key find-ings for business associations
considering M-Commerce opportunities. The following stride for associations is to
look at their plans of action to guarantee that they are adequately inno-vative and
adaptable, to empower associations to expand the arrival on their M-Commerce
ventures. The second White Paper in the Smart Mobile Media Services (SMMS)
White Paper Series will concentrate on plan of action development for M-Commerce.
9.

kesson, M. (2007). Value proposition in m-commerce: exploring service

provider and user perceptions. Proceedings of 6th Annual Global Mobility

Roundtable, 119. Retrieved

from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?

pid=diva2:239430
In this paper saw estimation of versatile administrations has been investigated from
an administration supplier and additionally a client point of view. Summing up, the
discoveries demonstrate that: (1) there are likenesses and also contrasts in view of
quality held by administration suppliers and clients of portable administrations; (2)
amiability is an additional classification of the worth recommendation not
distinguished by Clark; and (3) that pervasiveness and administration supplier/client
relationship are general administration attributes as opposed to particular
commitments to the estimation of a versatile administration.
These discoveries recommend that the typology by Clarke (2001) can be
reevaluated. Instead of with respect to pervasiveness to be a measurement of
quality, universality can be considered as an empowering influence of worth
measurements. Furthermore, the outcomes recommend that socialization is a
substantial measurement of m-administration esteem from the supplier and in
addition from the interest side.

Adding to m-business scrutinize, this study highlights that there are normal and also
varying perspectives of quality recommendation between the supply side
(administration suppliers) and the interest side (clients). As examined in this paper,
the comprehension of quality and advantages of versatile administrations is
frequently identified with parts of portability accordingly. These perspectives are
exceedingly imperative to versatile administrations. Be that as it may,
with a specific end goal to see how benefit suppliers and clients see portable
administration esteem, amiability is a worth that needs more consideration. We
additionally need to perceive what the general qualities of versatile administrations
are and what the qualities that can be recommended to individual administrations
are. This could have critical ramifications and drive further appropriation of m-trade.
As this study criticizes the present client view of worth it likewise adds to hone in that
it administrations suppliers to better comprehend the m-administration market.
10.

Saifullah Sadi, A. H. M., & Noordin, M. F. (2011). Factors influencing the

adoption of M-commerce: An exploratory Analysis. International Conference on

Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 492
499.
M-trade is moderately youthful and early stage in Malaysia. In this way, with a
specific end goal to draw in more clients and energize the utilization of m-business in
Malaysia, it is trusted that just acquainting m-trade with Malaysian may not be
adequate, the administration suppliers and merchants might concentrate on the
change of develops or properties that influencing client aim to utilize m-business
(Wong and Hiew, 2005). Subsequent to the Perceived helpfulness observed to be
one of the basic components, the administration suppliers ought to build up the
substance and applications which clients will discover profitable and usable to stay
aware of their quick paced way of life. Configuration of the administrations and
substance ought to be centered around the vital and one of a kind attributes of mbusiness, for example, pervasiveness, personalization et cetera. In addition, the
value of m-business, the discoveries likewise mirrors the mind-boggling significance
of trust in m-trade. This suggests trust working between the clients and sellers ought
to be another significant sympathy toward the administration suppliers while
enhancing the convenience of the framework. Without legitimate security and

security assurance, clients won't utilize the administrations gave by m-business.

Seen usability is observed to be imperative variable to impact the purchaser goal to
utilize m-trade. Consequently, the principle consideration of administration ought to
be centered around advancement of handiness of the framework, trust building and
cost decrease. Seen expense is likewise a critical element; in this manner, this study
recommends that the innovative limited time and evaluating techniques, including
cost lessening ought to be actualized to draw in more value cognizant clients. The
social impact ought to be considered to energize the appropriation of m-trade in
Malaysia as well. Case in point, the administration suppliers ought to draw in clients
by means of different interpersonal organizations and channels, for example, verbal
exchange and casual classes (Lu et al., 2008). Encouraging condition was a vital
determination of purchaser behavioral control towards goal to utilize, in this way, it is
important to enhance encouraging state of cell phones and m-trade application
particularly, association speed, secure frameworks, and simple exchange strategy.
11.

Zheng, H., Li, Y., & Jiang, D. (2012). Empirical Study and Model of User s

Acceptance for Mobile Commerce in China. Journal of Computer Science, 9(6), 278
283.
The state of mind toward utilizing is impacted fundamentally by

value, cost,

stimulation and its own particular advancement of portable trade. Among these four
components, saw handiness is the greatest impact elements to shopper's mentality
toward utilizing, specifically customers are most worried about the convenience
brought by versatile business right now, which even surpasses the impact of cost,
diversion and its own particular advancement of portable trade. So that, offering
helpful administrations by going for shoppers' genuine interest will be splendidly
adequate by customers. Additionally, the outcomes show buyers is anything but
difficult to have behavioral expectation when they like the entire portable business,
which prompt real utilization conduct at long last.
12.

Lee, H.-H., & Lee, S.-E. (2007). Mobile Commerce: An Analysis of Key

Success Factors. Journal of Shopping Center Research, 14(2), 2962. Retrieved

from http://jrdelisle.com/JSCR/2006_07_Articles/Lee\nand\nLee\nv7a.pdf

This study recognize the key achievement elements of m-trade by comprehension

qualities of potential m-business clients and looking at the variables utilize m-trade.
Current portable clients were portioned into three bunches taking into account their
apparent benefits and dangers of m-business: Risk-loath skeptics, and Reserved
versatile seekers. We proposed versatile con scratches and held portable seekers as
the potential target markets for m-trade applications. A professional le of every
fragment was produced as far as demographics, shopping inspirations, versatile
contribution and utilization examples, and future expectations. This concentrate
additionally gives an orderly perspective of m-business with an auxiliary
mathematical statement model to anticipate customer expectation to utilize m-trade.
Seen benefits of m-trade positively affect the eagerness to pay more cash to utilize
m-business and expectation to utilize m-business, while saw dangers of m-business
have a significant negative effect.
13.

Shergill, G. S., & Chen, Z. (2005). WEB-BASED SHOPPING : CONSUMERS

ATTITUDES TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN NEW ZEALAND, 6(2), 7994.

In accordance with numerous E-promoting inquires about concerning the
components which cause buyer fulfillment in web buying encounters, this paper
found that site security/protection, site outline, site dependability/satisfaction and site
client administration are the four overwhelming variables which impact shopper view
of their internet obtaining encounters. New Zealand online purchasers had distinctive
impression of these four elements. Site unwavering quality/satisfaction had the most
noteworthy rating score, trailed by site client administration. Site plan positioned
third, and the most reduced was site security/protection. Each of the four sorts of
online New Zealand purchasers has an alternate view of particular site components
and site elements. General online purchasers were substantially more fulfilled by site
variables and site components than the other online purchasers. Then again, trial
online purchasers had the poorest view of web shopping.
This exploration demonstrates that the slightest fulfilling perspective to purchasing
online is still site security/protection, which appraised the most reduced element
mean of 3.13. This outcome is reliable with the discoveries from the yearly report of
Taylor Nelson Sofres [2002]. The report highlighted security issues as the principle
purpose behind individuals picking not to buy on the web, yet the business has done

little to address these worries over late years. Customers' worries about online
monetary security and protection are nearly connected with their impression of how
great the innovations for secure installment components are [Hoffman et al., 1999],
and with the notoriety of the seller [GVU, 1998]. Subsequently, it is critical for Eretailers to receive propelled encryption innovation, and post certifications of their
online security on their site, keeping in mind the end goal to educate online buyers of
their efforts to establish safety.
14.

Saleh, Z. I., & Mashhour, A. (2014). Consumer Attitude towards M-

Commerce: The Perceived Level of Security and the Role of Trust, 5(2), 111117.
Absence of trust has been observed to be a noteworthy component affecting the
acknowledgment of M-trade administrations. Trust is vital amid circumstances that
are seen to be shaky, and M-trade opens purchasers to new vulnerabilities and
security dangers. The outcomes demonstrate that past Internet shopping knowledge
and recurrence and time length of versatile use have critical impact on trusting Mbusiness and the aim to utilize M-trade.
Seen accommodation positively affected saw helpfulness and continuation aim. The
discoveries demonstrate that aim to utilize M-trade can be anticipated by attitudinal
and saw behavioral comfort components. The outcomes from this study have
additionally demonstrated that the apparent security marginally affects the clients'
propensity to trust M-business (exceptionally frail and not amazingly noteworthy
relationship between saw level of security and trust.). Keeping in mind the
exploration accepted that with cybercriminals focusing on cell phones, securing
advanced mobile phones is more critical than any other time in recent memory, and
would affect trust in M-business, however the week relationship sounds as though
the client assesses "every circumstance" and look at the levels of trust versus the
apparent level of security. In the event that trust is high, the purchaser will participate
in M-trade. In this way, it turns into the shipper's obligation to set up such trust.
15.

Access, O. (2015). Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 20(2).

http://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7866.1000107
It is seen that as far as potential, the Indian market has far to go for e-retailers. Given
the low entrance of empowering influences like infiltration of web, education,

logistics, entrance of PCs, entrance of cell telephones, and infiltration of plastic cash
the entrance of e-retail has stayed less. As far as manageability the e-retail market is
economical given the huge open door. For individuals, the industry focused
compensation while number of employments made is colossal. For planet, no
environment weight is made by the business as the receipt produced is sent through
email. Likewise organizations in India are participating in a few ground level activities
(as far as CSR exercises).
Conceptual framework
The model which is used in this article was developed to examine the online
shopping behaviour of indian consumer and measure the factors responsible for the
usage of mobile-base shopping over web-base shopping. The relationship between
Mobile knowledge, Perceived risk, Convenience, security, mobile application
knowledge towards shopping online, which influence the attitude of the consumers.

mobile
knowledge

perceived risk

online
shopping

convenience

security
moblie
application
knowledge

Methodology
The purpose of this study is analyzing factors affecting online shopping behavior of
consumers using mobile application for shopping in india. This goal has been
followed by examining the effect of Mobile knowledge, Perceived risk, Convenience,
security, mobile application knowledge towards shopping online as the hypotheses of
the study.
Independent variable in this study are as follows.

Mobile knowledge
Perceived risk
Convenience
security
mobile application knowledge

dependent variable are

online shopping

Research Methodology

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

analyzing factors affecting online shopping behavior of consumers using

mobile application for shopping in india.

Data analysis

for testing the objectives of the study, factor analysis was used.

The objectives are as follows

objectives 1: mobile knowledge effect the usage of mobile device for

shopping.
objectives 2: perceived risk effect the usage of mobile device for shopping.
objectives 3: Convenience effect the usage of mobile device for shopping.
objectives 4: security effect the usage of mobile device for shopping.
objectives 5: mobile application knowledge effect the usage of mobile device
for shopping.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
The examination plan utilized as a part of the study is descripted as this study
goes for portraying the variables that are affecting the purchaser state of mind
towards shopping.
INSTRUMENTS USED:

The information was gathered using the survey technique that is questions

filled by different individuals utilizing mobile telephone as a part of Delhi-NCR.

Information COLLECTION:
This study is research taking into account survey method. Important information
for the study was gathered utilizing question that was intended to adequately
satisfy the goals of the examination which have been expressed previously.
Method for DATA COLLECTION

Primary information as well as secondary information techniques were utilized

for the study.

Secondary information incorporate research papers, journals, Articles.

Essential Data

Relevant information would be gathered by organized survey with close

inquiries.
SCALE'S USED:

The scale which has been primarily utilized as a part of this exploration is

Likert Scale.

sampling DESIGN:
sampling TECHNIQUE

Convenience testing method was utilized for taking the survey.

sample SIZE

The test size for the review was of 250 respondents.

Sample AREA:

The review was directed by the inhabitants of Delhi NCR.

Chapter 4
Data analysis
Factors influencing mobile application shopping practices.
To explain the factors influencing mobile application shopping, factor analysis is
performed. The data validity for factors analysis is tested with the help of Kaisermayer-olkin (KMO) measures of sampling adequacy and brtletts test of shericity.
The KNO measures of sampling and zero percent level of singnificance of chi-square
satisfy the condition of validity of data for factors analysis.
The factors and its variables are
Factors

Componets

Factor
loading

Mobile

knowledge

Are

you

comfortabl
e

using

mobile

phone
Are
you
comfortabl
e

using

mobile

Eigen value

% of variance

internet
Do you feel
your
current
skills

are

apt

for

using
mobile
internet

Security

Authorizin
g

for

username
and
password
is

important
trust affect
the mobile
app usage

Perceived

Risk

I feel that
my credit
card
details
may be
compromis
ed and
misused if
I shop

online
It is hard
to judge
the quality
of the

product.
Finding

right
product on
mobile
app is
difficult
Mobile

receive

application

enough

knowledge

informatio
n

about

mobile
application

receive

enough
informatio
n

about

the
benefits of
using
mobile
application

Appendix

Factor Analysis

Correlation Matrix
Areyoucomforta

Areyoucomforta Doyoufeelyourcu

bleusingmobilep bleusingmobilein rrentskillsareaptf

hone

ternet

orusingmobileint
erne

Areyoucomfortableusingmobi

1.000

.774

.719

.774

1.000

.804

.719

.804

1.000

lephone
Correlation

Areyoucomfortableusingmobi
leinternet
Doyoufeelyourcurrentskillsar
eaptforusingmobileinterne

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Approx. Chi-Square
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

.744
410.725

df

Sig.

.000

Communalities
Initial
Areyoucomfortableusingmobi

Extraction

1.000

.816

1.000

.878

1.000

.838

lephone
Areyoucomfortableusingmobi
leinternet
Doyoufeelyourcurrentskillsar
eaptforusingmobileinterne
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Total Variance Explained

Component

Initial Eigenvalues

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Total

% of Variance

Cumulative %

2.532

84.396

84.396

.284

9.459

93.856

.184

6.144

100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component Matrixa
Component
1
Areyoucomfortableusingmobil
einternet

.937

Total
2.532

% of Variance
84.396

Cumulative %
84.396

Doyoufeelyourcurrentskillsare

.916

aptforusingmobileinterne
Areyoucomfortableusingmobil

.903

ephone

Factor Analysis

Correlation Matrix
Authorizingforus

trustaffectthemo

ernameandpass

bileappusage

wordisimportant
Authorizingforusernameandp
Correlation

1.000

.759

.759

1.000

asswordisimportant
trustaffectthemobileappusag
e

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Approx. Chi-Square
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

.500
174.290

df

Sig.

.000

Communalities
Initial
Authorizingforusernameandp

Extraction

1.000

.879

1.000

.879

asswordisimportant
trustaffectthemobileappusage

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Total Variance Explained

Component

Initial Eigenvalues
Total

% of Variance

Cumulative %

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Total

% of Variance

Cumulative %

1.759

87.926

87.926

.241

12.074

100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component Matrixa
Component
1
trustaffectthemobileappusage

.938

Authorizingforusernameandp

.938

asswordisimportant

Factor Analysis

1.759

87.926

87.926

Correlation Matrix
Ifeelthatmycredit Itishardtojudgeth Findingrightprod
carddetailsmayb

equalityofthepro

uctonmobileappi

ecompromiseda

duct

sdifficult

ndmisuse
Ifeelthatmycreditcarddetailsm

1.000

.765

.564

.765

1.000

.600

.564

.600

1.000

aybecompromisedandmisuse
Correlation

Itishardtojudgethequalityofth
eproduct
Findingrightproductonmobile
appisdifficult

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.

.693

Approx. Chi-Square
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

277.857

df

Sig.

.000

Communalities
Initial
Ifeelthatmycreditcarddetailsm

Extraction

1.000

.801

1.000

.826

1.000

.662

aybecompromisedandmisuse
Itishardtojudgethequalityofthe
product
Findingrightproductonmobile
appisdifficult
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Total Variance Explained

Component

Initial Eigenvalues
Total

% of Variance

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Cumulative %

2.290

76.324

76.324

.477

15.905

92.229

Total
2.290

% of Variance
76.324

Cumulative %
76.324

.233

7.771

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component Matrixa
Component
1
Itishardtojudgethequalityofthe

.909

product
Ifeelthatmycreditcarddetailsm

.895

aybecompromisedandmisuse
Findingrightproductonmobilea
ppisdifficult

Factor Analysis

.814

100.000

Correlation Matrix
Ifeelthatmycredit Itishardtojudgeth Findingrightprod
carddetailsmayb

equalityofthepro

uctonmobileappi

ecompromiseda

duct

sdifficult

ndmisuse
Ifeelthatmycreditcarddetailsm

1.000

.765

.564

.765

1.000

.600

.564

.600

1.000

aybecompromisedandmisuse
Correlation

Itishardtojudgethequalityofth
eproduct
Findingrightproductonmobile
appisdifficult

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.

.693

Approx. Chi-Square
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

277.857

df

Sig.

.000

Communalities
Initial
Ifeelthatmycreditcarddetailsm

Extraction

1.000

.801

1.000

.826

1.000

.662

aybecompromisedandmisuse
Itishardtojudgethequalityofthe
product
Findingrightproductonmobile
appisdifficult

Total Variance Explained

Component

Initial Eigenvalues
Total

2.290

% of Variance
76.324

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Cumulative %
76.324

Total
2.290

% of Variance
76.324

Cumulative %
76.324

.477

15.905

92.229

.233

7.771

100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component Matrixa
Component
1
Itishardtojudgethequalityofthe

.909

product
Ifeelthatmycreditcarddetailsm

.895

aybecompromisedandmisuse
Findingrightproductonmobilea
ppisdifficult

.814

Factor Analysis

Correlation Matrix
Ireceiveenoughi

Ireceiveenoughi

nformationabout nformationaboutt
mobileapplicatio

hebenefitsofusin

gmobile

Ireceiveenoughinformationab
Correlation

1.000

.804

.804

1.000

outmobileapplication
Ireceiveenoughinformationab
outthebenefitsofusingmobile

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.

.500

Approx. Chi-Square
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

211.302

df

Sig.

.000

Communalities
Initial
Ireceiveenoughinformationab

Extraction

1.000

.902

1.000

.902

outmobileapplication
Ireceiveenoughinformationab
outthebenefitsofusingmobile

Total Variance Explained

Component

Initial Eigenvalues
Total

% of Variance

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Cumulative %

1.804

90.186

90.186

.196

9.814

100.000

Total
1.804

% of Variance
90.186

Cumulative %
90.186

Component Matrixa
Component
1
Ireceiveenoughinformationab

.950

outthebenefitsofusingmobile
Ireceiveenoughinformationab
outmobileapplication

.950