Program on

Improved Seismic Safety

Provisions
of the National Institute of Building Sciences

2003 Edition

NEHRP RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS

FOR SEISMIC REGULATIONS
FOR NEW BUILDINGS
AND OTHER STRUCTURES (FEMA 450)
Part 1: Provisions

The Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) was established in 1979 under the auspices of the National
Institute of Building Sciences as an entirely new type of instrument for dealing with the complex
regulatory, technical, social, and economic issues involved in developing and promulgating building
earthquake hazard mitigation regulatory provisions that are national in scope. By bringing together in the
BSSC all of the needed expertise and all relevant public and private interests, it was believed that issues
related to the seismic safety of the built environment could be resolved and jurisdictional problems
overcome through authoritative guidance and assistance backed by a broad consensus.
The BSSC is an independent, voluntary membership body representing a wide variety of building
community interests. Its fundamental purpose is to enhance public safety by providing a national forum
that fosters improved seismic safety provisions for use by the building community in the planning, design,
construction, regulation, and utilization of buildings.
See the back of the Commentary volume for a full description of BSSC activities.

2003 BSSC BOARD OF DIRECTION

Chairman

Charles Thornton, Chairman/Principal, Thornton-Tomasetti Group, Inc., New York, New York

Vice Chairman

David Bonneville, Degenkolb Engineers, San Francisco, California

Secretary

Charles Carter, Chief Structural Engineer, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago,
Illinois

Ex-Officio

William W. Stewart, Stewart-Schaberg Architects, Clayton, Missouri (representing the

American Institute of Architects)

Members

J. Gregg Borchelt, Vice President, Brick Industry Association, Reston, Virginia

Edwin Dean, Nishkian Dean, Portland, Oregon
Bradford K. Douglas, Director of Engineering, American Forest and Paper Association,
Washington, D.C.
Henry Green, Executive Director, Bureau of Construction Codes and Fire Safety, State of
Michigan, Department of Labor and Economic Growth, Lansing, Michigan (representing the
National Institute of Building Sciences)
H.S. Lew, Senior Research Engineer, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Gaithersburg, Maryland (representing Interagency Committee on Seismic Safety in
Construction)
Joseph Messersmith, Coordinating Manager, Regional Code Services, Portland Cement
Association, Rockville, Virginia (representing the Portland Cement Association)
Jim Rinner, Project Manager II, Kitchell CEM, Sacramento, California
James Rossberg, Manager, Technical Activities for the Structural Engineering Institute,
American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston Virginia
Jeffery Sciadone, Associate Director, of Engineering, Institute of Business and Home Safety,
Tampa, Florida
W. Lee Shoemaker, Director, Engineering and Research, Metal Building Manufacturers
Association, Cleveland, Ohio
Howard Simpson, Simpson Gumpertz and Heger, Arlington, Massachusetts (representing
National Council of Structural Engineers Associations)
Charles A. Spitz, Architect/Planner/Code Consultant, Wall New Jersey (representing the
American Institute of Architects)

BSSC STAFF

Claret M. Heider, Vice President for BSSC Programs

Bernard F. Murphy, Director, Special Projects
Carita Tanner, Communications/Public Relations Manager
Patricia Blasi, Administrative Assistant

NEHRP RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS

(National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program)

FOR SEISMIC REGULATIONS

FOR NEW BUILDINGS AND
OTHER STRUCTURES (FEMA 450)
2003 EDITION
Part 1: PROVISIONS

Prepared by the
Building Seismic Safety Council
for the
Federal Emergency Management Agency

BUILDING SEISMIC SAFETY COUNCIL

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BUILDING SCIENCES
Washington, D.C.
2004

NOTICE: Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not
necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Additionally, neither
FEMA nor any of its employees make any warranty, expressed or implied, nor assume any legal liability
or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product, or process
included in this publication.

This report was prepared under Contract EMW-2001-CO-0269

between the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the
National Institute of Building Sciences.
Building Seismic Safety Council activities and products are
described at the end of this report. For further information, see
the Councils website (www.bssconline.org) or contact the
Building Seismic Safety Council, 1090 Vermont, Avenue, N.W.,
Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20005; phone 202-289-7800; fax
202-289-1092; e-mail [email protected].
Copies of this report on CD Rom may be obtained from the
FEMA Publication Distribution Facility at 1-800-480-2520.
Limited paper copies also will be available. The report can also
be downloaded in pdf form from the BSSC website at
www.bssconline.org .
The National Institute of Building Sciences and its Building
Seismic Safety Council caution users of these Provisions
documents to be alert to patent and copyright concerns especially
when applying prescriptive requirements

ii

PREFACE
One of the goals of the Department of Homeland Securitys Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) and the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is to encourage design and
building practices that address the earthquake hazard and minimize the resulting risk of damage and
injury. Publication of the 2003 edition of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulation
of New Buildings and Other Structures and its Commentary is a fitting end to the 25th year of the NEHRP
and reaffirms FEMAs ongoing support to improve the seismic safety of construction in this country. Its
publication marks the sixth edition in an ongoing series of updating of both the NEHRP Recommended
Provisions and several complementary publications. FEMA was proud to sponsor the Building Seismic
Safety Council for this project and we encourage the widespread dissemination and voluntary use of this
state-of-the-art consensus resource document.
The 2003 edition of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions contains several significant changes,
including: a reformatting to improve its usability; introduction of a simplified design procedure, an
updating of the seismic design maps and how they are presented; a modification in the redundancy factor;
the addition of ultimate strength design provisions for foundations; the addition of several new structural
systems, including buckling restrained braced frames and steel plate shear walls; structures with damping
systems has been moved from an appendix to a new chapter; and inclusion of new or updated material
industry reference standards for steel, concrete, masonry, and wood.
The above changes are but a few of the 138 ballots submitted to the BSSC member organizations. The
number of changes continues to be significant and is a testament to the level of attention being paid to this
publication. This is due in large part to the role that the NEHRP Recommended Provisions has in the
seismic requirements in the ASCE-7 Standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
as well as both the International Building Code and NFPA 5000 Code. FEMA welcomes this increased
scrutiny and the chance to work with these code organizations.
Looking ahead, FEMA is contracting with BSSC for the update process that will lead to the 2008 edition
of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions. As is evidenced by the proposed date, this next update cycle
will be expanded to a five-year effort to conclude in time to input into the next update of the ASCE-7
standard. This update will include referencing of the ASCE-7 standard to avoid duplication of effort and
a significant update and revision to the Commentary along with the normal update of current material and
the inclusion of new, state-of-the-art seismic design research results.
Finally, FEMA wishes to express its deepest gratitude for the significant efforts of the over 200 volunteer
experts as well as the BSSC Board of Directors and staff who made possible the 2003 NEHRP Provisions
documents. It is truly their efforts that make these publications a reality. Americans unfortunate enough
to experience the earthquakes that will inevitably occur in this country will owe much, perhaps even their
very lives, to the contributions and dedication of these individuals to the seismic safety of new buildings.
Without the dedication and hard work of these men and women, this document and all it represents with
respect to earthquake risk mitigation would not have been possible.
Department of Homeland Security/
Federal Emergency Management Agency

iii

INTRODUCTION and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Since its creation in 1978, the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) has provided a
framework for efforts to reduce the risk from earthquakes. The Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC)
is extremely proud to have been selected by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the
lead NEHRP agency, to play a role under NEHRP in improving the seismic resistance of the built
environment. Further, the BSSC is pleased to mark the occasion of its twenty-fifth anniversary with
delivery to FEMA of the consensus-approved 2003 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings and other Structures, the seventh edition of this landmark publication.
The Provisions and its accompanying Commentary have developed over the past quarter century into
widely available, trusted, state-of-the-art seismic design resource documents with requirements that have
been adapted for use in nations model building codes and standards.
Work on the 2003 Provisions began in September 2001 when NIBS entered into a contract with FEMA
for initiation of the BSSC 2003 Provisions update effort. In mid-2001, the BSSC member organization
representatives and alternate representatives and the BSSC Board of Direction were asked to identify
individuals to serve on the 2003 Provisions Update Committee (PUC) and its Technical Subcommittees
(TSs).
The 2003 PUC and its 13 Technical Subcommittees (TS) were then established and addressed the
following topics during the update effort: design criteria and analysis, foundations and geotechnical
considerations, cast-in-place/precast concrete structures, masonry structures, steel structures, wood
structures, mechanical-electrical systems and building equipment and architectural elements, quality
assurance, low rise and residential structures, composite steel and concrete structures, energy dissipation
and base isolation, and nonbuilding structures.
Early in the update effort, a series of editorial/organizational changes were made to the 2000 version of
the Provisions to improve the documents usability and eliminate inconsistencies and duplications that
had crept in over the years; this edited document was submitted to the BSSC membership for ballot in
October 2001 and was then adopted as the document to which further update changes would be proposed.
All draft TS and PUC proposals for change were finalized in June 2003 and approved by the BSSC Board
of Direction for balloting by the BSSC member organizations. Because of time limitations, there would
be no second ballot; therefore, the BSSC Board authorized the PUC to resolve, to the extent possible,
comments submitted by the membership and to defer for reconsideration during the next update cycle any
comments that could not be resolved in the limited time available.
Of the 138 proposals submitted to the members for ballot, 137 received the required two-thirds
affirmative vote. Of those, 3 were withdrawn for reconsideration during the next update cycle and 83
required some revision in response to comments. A summary of the results of the ballot and comment
resolution process are available from the BSSC upon request and will be posted on the BSSC website
(www.bssconline.org).
As in the past, the 2003 Provisions would not now be available without the expertise, dedication, and
countless hours of effort of the more than 200 dedicated volunteers who participated in the update
process. The American people benefit immeasurably from their commitment to improving the seismic-

iv

resistance of the nations buildings. These seismic design professionals are identified in Appendix B of
the Provisions volume with list of BSSC Board members and member organizations.
I would like to acknowledge a few individuals and groups who deserve special thanks for their
contributions to this effort. As Chairman of the BSSC Board of Direction, it is my pleasure to express
heartfelt appreciation to the members of the BSSC Provisions Update Committee, especially Chairman
Ronald Hamburger, and to Michael Mahoney, the FEMA Project Officer. Special thanks also are due to
the BSSC staff who work untiringly behind the scenes to support all the groups mentioned above and
who bring the finished product forward for acceptance. Finally, I wish to thank the members of the BSSC
Board of Direction who recognize the importance of this effort and provided sage advice throughout the
update cycle. We are all proud of the 2003 NEHRP Recommended Provisions and it is my pleasure to
introduce them.
Charles Thornton
Chairman, BSSC Board of Direction 2001-2003

vi

CONTENTS
Chapter 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS................................................................................. 1
1.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Scope and application ................................................................................... 1
1.1.3 References..................................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Definitions .................................................................................................... 3
1.1.5 Notation ........................................................................................................ 3
1.2 SEISMIC USE GROUPS .......................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Seismic Use Group III .................................................................................. 4
1.2.2 Seismic Use Group II.................................................................................... 4
1.2.3 Seismic Use Group I ..................................................................................... 4
1.2.4 Multiple use .................................................................................................. 4
1.2.5 Seismic Use Group III structure access protection ....................................... 5
1.3 OCCUPANCY IMPORTANCE FACTOR ............................................................... 5
1.4 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY ............................................................................. 5
1.4.1 Determination of Seismic Design Category.................................................. 5
1.4.2 Site limitation for Seismic Design Categories E and F................................. 6
1.5 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY A ......................................................................... 6
1.5.1 Lateral forces ............................................................................................... 6
1.5.2 Connections .................................................................................................. 7
1.5.3 Anchorage of concrete or masonry walls...................................................... 7
1.5.4 Tanks assigned to Seismic Use Group III..................................................... 7
Chapter 2 QUALITY ASSURANCE ................................................................................. 9
2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.1 Scope............................................................................................................. 9
2.1.2 References..................................................................................................... 9
2.1.3 Definitions .................................................................................................... 9
2.1.4 Notation ...................................................................................................... 11
2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................... 11
2.2.1 Details of quality assurance plan ................................................................ 11
2.2.2 Contractor responsibility............................................................................. 12
2.3 SPECIAL INSPECTION......................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Piers, piles, and caissons............................................................................. 12
2.3.2 Reinforcing steel ......................................................................................... 12
2.3.3 Structural concrete ...................................................................................... 12
2.3.4 Prestressed concrete .................................................................................... 12
2.3.5 Structural masonry ...................................................................................... 12
2.3.6 Structural steel ............................................................................................ 12
2.3.7 Structural wood........................................................................................... 13
2.3.8 Cold-formed steel ....................................................................................... 13
2.3.9 Architectural components ........................................................................... 13
2.3.10 Mechanical and electrical components ..................................................... 13
2.3.11 Seismic isolation systems ......................................................................... 14
2.4 TESTING ................................................................................................................ 14
2.4.1 Reinforcing and prestressing steel .............................................................. 14

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2.4.2 Structural concrete ...................................................................................... 14

2.4.3 Structural masonry ...................................................................................... 14
2.4.4 Structural steel ............................................................................................ 14
2.4.5 Mechanical and electrical equipment.......................................................... 14
2.4.6 Seismically isolated structures .................................................................... 14
2.5 STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS........................................................................ 15
2.6 REPORTING AND COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES ........................................... 15
Chapter 3 GROUND MOTION........................................................................................ 17
3.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1 Scope........................................................................................................... 17
3.1.2 References................................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Definitions .................................................................................................. 17
3.1.4 Notation ...................................................................................................... 17
3.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................... 19
3.2.1 Site class ..................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2 Procedure selection ..................................................................................... 19
3.3 GENERAL PROCEDURE ...................................................................................... 19
3.3.1 Mapped acceleration parameters................................................................. 19
3.3.2 Site coefficients and adjusted acceleration parameters............................... 19
3.3.3 Design acceleration parameters .................................................................. 38
3.3.4 Design response spectrum........................................................................... 38
3.4 SITE SPECIFIC PROCEDURE .............................................................................. 46
3.4.1 Probabilistic maximum considered earthquake .......................................... 46
3.4.2 Deterministic maximum considered earthquake......................................... 46
3.4.3 Site-specific maximum considered earthquake .......................................... 46
3.4.4 Design response spectrum........................................................................... 47
3.5 SITE CLASSIFICATION FOR SEISMIC DESIGN .............................................. 47
3.5.1 Site class definitions ................................................................................... 47
3.5.2 Steps for classifying a site........................................................................... 49
Chapter 4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................. 51
4.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................... 51
4.1.1 Scope........................................................................................................... 51
4.1.2 References .................................................................................................. 51
4.1.3 Definitions .................................................................................................. 51
4.1.4 Notation ...................................................................................................... 53
4.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................... 54
4.2.1 Design basis ............................................................................................... 54
4.2.2 Combination of load effects........................................................................ 54
4.3 SEISMIC-FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM............................................................. 55
4.3.1 Selection and limitations............................................................................. 55
4.3.2 Configuration .............................................................................................. 62
4.3.3 Redundancy ................................................................................................ 65
4.4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 66
4.4.1 Procedure selection ..................................................................................... 66
4.4.2 Application of loading ................................................................................ 67
4.5 DEFORMATION REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 68
4.5.1 Deflection and drift limits .......................................................................... 68
4.5.2 Seismic Design Categories B and C ........................................................... 68
4.5.3 Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F ...................................................... 68

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4.6 DESIGN AND DETAILING REQUIREMENTS .................................................. 69

4.6.1 Seismic design Category B ......................................................................... 69
4.6.2 Seismic design Category C ......................................................................... 70
4.6.3 Seismic Design Category D, E, and F......................................................... 71
ALTERNATIVE SIMPLIFIED CHAPTER 4.................................................................. 73
Chapter 5 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURES ................................................ 83
5.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................... 83
5.1.1 Scope........................................................................................................... 83
5.1.2 Definitions .................................................................................................. 83
5.1.3 Notation ...................................................................................................... 84
5.2 EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE .............................................. 86
5.2.1 Seismic base shear ...................................................................................... 86
5.2.2 Period determination.................................................................................. 88
5.2.3 Vertical distribution of seismic forces ........................................................ 89
5.2.4 Horizontal shear distribution....................................................................... 90
5.2.5 Overturning ................................................................................................. 91
5.2.6 Drift determination and P-delta effects....................................................... 91
5.3 RESPONSE SPECTRUM PROCEDURE............................................................... 92
5.3.1 Modeling ..................................................................................................... 92
5.3.2 Modes.......................................................................................................... 92
5.3.3 Modal properties ......................................................................................... 92
5.3.4 Modal base shear......................................................................................... 92
5.3.5 Modal forces, deflections and drifts............................................................ 94
5.3.6 Modal story shears and moments................................................................ 94
5.3.7 Design values .............................................................................................. 94
5.3.8 Horizontal shear distribution....................................................................... 95
5.3.9 Foundation overturning............................................................................... 95
5.3.10 P-delta effects............................................................................................ 95
5.4 LINEAR RESPONSE HISTORY PROCEDURE................................................... 95
5.4.1 Modeling ..................................................................................................... 95
5.4.2 Ground motion ............................................................................................ 95
5.4.3 Response parameters................................................................................... 96
5.5 NONLINEAR RESPONSE HISTORY PROCEDURE .......................................... 96
5.5.1 Modeling ..................................................................................................... 96
5.5.2 Ground motion and other loading ............................................................... 97
5.5.3 Response parameters................................................................................... 97
5.5.4 Design review ............................................................................................. 97
5.6 SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERATION EFFECTS .................................................... 98
5.6.1 General........................................................................................................ 98
5.6.2 Equivalent lateral force procedure ............................................................. 98
5.6.3 Response spectrum procedure................................................................... 102
APPENDIX to Chapter 5, NONLINEAR STATIC PROCEDURE ............................... 105
Chapter 6, ARCHITECTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL
COMPONENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................ 111
6.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................. 111
6.1.1 Scope......................................................................................................... 111
6.1.2 References ................................................................................................ 111

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6.1.3 Definitions ................................................................................................ 113

6.1.4 Notation .................................................................................................... 114
6.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 115
6.2.1 Seismic Design Category .......................................................................... 115
6.2.2 Component importance factor................................................................... 115
6.2.3 Consequential damage .............................................................................. 116
6.2.4 Flexibility.................................................................................................. 116
6.2.5 Component force transfer ......................................................................... 116
6.2.6 Seismic forces ........................................................................................... 116
6.2.7 Seismic relative displacements ................................................................. 117
6.2.8 Component anchorage .............................................................................. 117
6.2.9 Construction documents............................................................................ 118
6.3 ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS .................................................................. 118
6.3.1 Forces and displacements ......................................................................... 119
6.3.2 Exterior nonstructural wall elements and connections.............................. 119
6.3.3 Out-of-plane bending ................................................................................ 120
6.3.4 Suspended ceilings.................................................................................... 120
6.3.5 Access floors............................................................................................. 121
6.3.6 Partitions ................................................................................................... 121
6.3.7 General...................................................................................................... 122
6.3.8 Seismic drift limits for glass components ................................................. 122
6.4 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS...................................... 122
6.4.1 Component period..................................................................................... 124
6.4.2 Mechanical components............................................................................ 124
6.4.3 Electrical components............................................................................... 124
6.4.4 Supports and attachments ......................................................................... 125
6.4.5 Utility and service lines ............................................................................ 126
6.4.6 HVAC ductwork ....................................................................................... 126
6.4.7 Piping systems .......................................................................................... 126
6.4.8 Boilers and pressure vessels...................................................................... 127
6.4.9 Elevators ................................................................................................... 127
Appendix to Chapter 6, ALTERNATIVE PROVISIONS FOR THE DESIGN
OF PIPING SYSTEMS.................................................................................................. 129
Chapter 7 FOUNDATION DEIGN REQUIREMENTS................................................. 133
7.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................. 133
7.1.1 Scope......................................................................................................... 133
7.1.2 References................................................................................................. 133
7.1.3 Definitions ................................................................................................ 133
7.1.4 Notation .................................................................................................... 133
7.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 134
7.2.1 Foundation components ............................................................................ 134
7.2.2 Soil capacities .......................................................................................... 134
7.2.3 Foundation load-deformation characteristics............................................ 134
7.3 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY B...................................................................... 134
7.4 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY C...................................................................... 134
7.4.1 Investigation.............................................................................................. 134
7.4.2 Pole-type structures................................................................................... 135
7.4.3 Foundation ties.......................................................................................... 135
7.4.4 Special pile requirements .......................................................................... 135

7.5 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, E, AND F ................................................ 136

7.5.1 Investigation ............................................................................................. 136
7.5.2 Liquefaction potential and soil strength loss............................................. 136
7.5.3 Foundation ties ......................................................................................... 137
7.5.4 Special pile and grade beam requirements................................................ 137
Appendix to Chapter 7, GEOTECHNICAL ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN
OF FOUNDATIONS AND FOUNDATION LOAD-DEFORMATION
MODELING .............................................................................................................. 141
Chapter 8 STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................................... 145
8.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................. 145
8.1.1 Scope......................................................................................................... 145
8.1.2 References................................................................................................. 145
8.1.3 Definitions ................................................................................................ 145
8.1.4 Notation .................................................................................................... 146
8.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 146
8.2.1 Seismic Design Categories B and C ......................................................... 146
8.2.2 Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F .................................................... 146
8.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL ........................................................................................ 146
8.3.1 Material properties for determination of required strength....................... 146
8.4 COLD-FORM STEEL........................................................................................... 147
8.4.1 Modifications to references....................................................................... 147
8.4.2 Light-frame walls...................................................................................... 147
8.4.3 Prescriptive framing ................................................................................. 148
8.4.4 Steel deck diaphragms .............................................................................. 148
8.5 STEEL CABLES ................................................................................................... 148
8.6 RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS FOR BUCKLING-RESTRAINED
BRACED FRAMES .......................................................................................... 148
8.6.1 Symbols .................................................................................................... 148
8.6.2 Glossary .................................................................................................... 149
8.6.3 Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBF) ............................................. 149
8.7 RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS FOR SPECIAL STEEL PLATE
WALLS ............................................................................................................. 155
8.7.1 Symbols .................................................................................................... 155
8.7.2 Glossary .................................................................................................... 156
8.7.3 Scope......................................................................................................... 156
8.7.4 Webs ......................................................................................................... 156
8.7.5 Connections of webs to boundary elements.............................................. 157
8.7.6 Horizontal and vertical boundary elements (HBE and VBE) ................... 157
Chapter 9 CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................... 159
9.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................. 159
9.1.1 Scope......................................................................................................... 159
9.1.2 References................................................................................................. 159
9.1.3 General definitions.................................................................................... 159
9.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 160
9.2.1 Classification of shear walls ..................................................................... 160
9.2.2 Modifications to ACI 318 ......................................................................... 161
9.3 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY B...................................................................... 164
9.3.1 Ordinary moment frames .......................................................................... 164

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9.4 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY C...................................................................... 164

9.4.1 Classification of shear walls ..................................................................... 164
9.4.2 Plain concrete............................................................................................ 164
9.5 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, E, AND F ................................................ 165
9.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR SPECIAL PRECAST STRUCTURAL
WALLS BASED ON VALIDATION TESTING ................................................. 165
9.6.1 Notation .................................................................................................... 165
9.6.2 Definitions ................................................................................................ 165
9.6.3 Scope and general requirements ............................................................... 166
9.6.4 Design procedure ...................................................................................... 166
9.6.5 Test modules ............................................................................................. 167
9.6.6 Testing agency .......................................................................................... 167
9.6.7 Test method............................................................................................... 167
9.6.8 Test report ................................................................................................. 168
9.6.9 Test module acceptance criteria................................................................ 169
9.6.10 Reference ................................................................................................ 169
Appendix to Chapter 9, UNTOPPED PRECAST DIPHRAGMS .................................. 171
Chapter 10, COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................... 175
10.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 175
10.1.1 Scope....................................................................................................... 175
10.1.2 References............................................................................................... 175
10.1.3 Definitions .............................................................................................. 175
10.1.4 Notation .................................................................................................. 175
10.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................... 175
10.3 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES B AND C .................................................. 175
10.4 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, E, AND F .............................................. 175
10.5 MODIFICATIONS TO AISC SEISMIC, PART II............................................. 175
10.5.1 Changes to nomenclature ........................................................................ 175
10.5.2 Changes to definitions in the AISC Glossary ......................................... 176
10.5.3 Changes to section 1-Scope .................................................................... 176
10.5.4 Changes to Section 2 Referenced Specifications, Codes and
Standards............................................................................................... 176
10.5.5 Changes to Section 3 Seismic Design Categories................................ 176
10.5.6 Changes to Section 4 Loads, Load Combinations and Nominal
Strengths ............................................................................................... 176
10.5.7 Changes to Section 5.2 Concrete and steel reinforcement................... 176
10.5.8 Changes to Section 6.3 Composite Beams........................................... 176
10.5.9 Changes to Section 6.4 Reinforced-Concrete-Encased
Composite Columns............................................................................. 176
10.5.10 Changes to Section 6.4a Ordinary Seismic System
Requirements ....................................................................................... 177
10.5.11 Changes to Section 6.5 Concrete-Filled Composite Columns ........... 177
10.5.12 Changes to Section 6.5a Concrete-Filled Composite Columns ......... 177
10.5.13 Changes to Section 7.3 Nominal Strength of Connections ................ 178
10.5.14 Changes to Section 8.2 Columns ....................................................... 179
10.5.15 Changes to Section 8.3 Composite Beams ........................................ 179
10.5.16 Changes to Section 8.4 Partially Restrained (PR) Moment
Connections .......................................................................................... 179

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10.5.17 Changes to Section 9.3 Beams........................................................... 179

10.5.18 Changes to Section 9.4 Moment Connections ................................... 179
10.5.19 Changes to Section 9.5 Column-Beam Moment Ratio ..................... 180
10.5.20 Changes to Section 10.2 Columns ..................................................... 180
10.5.21 Changes to Section 10.4 Moment Connections ................................. 180
10.5.22 Changes to Section 11.4 Moment Connections ................................ 180
10.5.23 Changes to Section 12.4 Braces......................................................... 180
10.5.24 Changes Title for Section 15.3.............................................................. 181
10.5.25 Changes Title for Section 16.3 ............................................................. 181
10.5.26 Add New Section 15.4 .......................................................................... 181
10.5.27 Add New Section 16.4 ......................................................................... 181
Chapter 11 MASONRY STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .......................... 183
11.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................... 183
11.1.1 Scope....................................................................................................... 183
11.1.2 References .............................................................................................. 183
11.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................... 183
11.2.1 Classification of shear walls ................................................................... 183
11.2.2 Modifications to ACI 530/ADCE 5/TMS 402 and
ACI 530.1/ASCE 5/TMS 602 ............................................................... 184
11.3 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES OF MASONRY .............................................. 187
11.3.1 Calculation of required strength.............................................................. 187
11.3.2 Flexural yielding ..................................................................................... 187
11.3.3 Materials ................................................................................................. 187
11.3.4 Reinforcement......................................................................................... 187
11.3.5 Beams...................................................................................................... 188
11.3.6 Columns .................................................................................................. 188
11.3.7 Beam-column intersections..................................................................... 189
11.4 GLASS-UNIT MASONRY AND MASONRY VENEER.................................. 192
11.4.1 Design lateral forces and displacements ................................................. 191
11.4.2 Glass-unit masonry design ..................................................................... 191
11.4.3 Masonry veneer design .......................................................................... 191
11.5 PRESTRESSED MASONRY ............................................................................. 191
11.5.1 .............................................................................................................. 191
Chapter 12 WOOD STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS.................................. 193
12.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................... 193
12.1.1 Scope....................................................................................................... 193
12.1.2 References............................................................................................... 193
12.1.3 Definitions .............................................................................................. 194
12.1.4 Notation .................................................................................................. 195
12.2 DESIGN METHODS .......................................................................................... 195
12.2.1 Seismic Design Categories B, C, and D.................................................. 195
12.2.2 Seismic Design Categories E and F ........................................................ 195
12.2.3 Modifications to AF&PA SDPWS for Seismic Design
Categories B, C, and D ......................................................................... 195
12.2.4 Modifications to AF&PA SDPWS for Seismic Design
Categories E, and F............................................................................... 198
12.3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERED WOOD
CONSTRUCTION .............................................................................................. 203
12.3.1 Framing ................................................................................................... 203

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12.4 CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION .................................. 203

12.4.1 Limitations .............................................................................................. 203
12.4.2 Braced walls............................................................................................ 209
12.4.3 Detailing requirements............................................................................ 211
Chapter 13 SEISMICALLY ISOLATED STRUCTURE DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................... 215
13.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 215
13.1.1 Scope....................................................................................................... 215
13.1.2 Definitions .............................................................................................. 215
13.1.3 Notation ................................................................................................. 216
13.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................... 218
13.2.1 Occupancy importance factor ................................................................. 218
13.2.2 Configuration ......................................................................................... 218
13.2.3 Ground motion ........................................................................................ 218
13.2.4 Procedure selection ................................................................................. 219
13.2.5 Isolation system ...................................................................................... 220
13.2.6 Structural system..................................................................................... 221
13.2.7 Elements of structures and nonstructural components............................ 221
13.3 EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE .......................................... 222
13.3.1 Deformational characteristics of the isolation system ............................ 222
13.3.2 Minimum lateral displacements .............................................................. 222
13.3.3 Minimum distribution of forces .............................................................. 224
13.3.4 Vertical distribution of forces ................................................................ 225
13.3.5 Drift limits............................................................................................... 225
13.4 DYNAMIC PROCEDURES ............................................................................... 225
13.4.1 Modeling ................................................................................................. 225
13.4.2 Description of procedures ....................................................................... 226
13.4.3 Minimum lateral displacements and forces ............................................ 227
13.4.4Drift limits................................................................................................ 228
13.5 DESIGN REVIEW .............................................................................................. 228
13.6 TESTING............................................................................................................. 228
13.6.1 Prototype tests......................................................................................... 228
13.6.2 Determination of force-deflection characteristics................................. 230
13.6.3 Test specimen adequacy ......................................................................... 230
13.6.4 Design properties of the isolation system ............................................. 230
Chapter 14 NONBUILDING STRURCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS................ 233
14.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................... 233
14.1.1 Scope....................................................................................................... 233
14.1.2 References............................................................................................... 233
14.1.3 Definitions .............................................................................................. 234
14.1.4 Notation ................................................................................................. 235
14.1.5 Nonbuilding structures supported by other structures ............................ 237
14.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................... 237
14.2.1 Seismic Use Groups and importance factors .......................................... 237
14.2.2 Ground motion ....................................................................................... 238
14.2.3 Design basis ............................................................................................ 238
14.2.4 Seismic-force-resisting system selection and limitations ....................... 238
14.2.5 Structural analysis procedure selection .................................................. 243
14.2.6 Seismic weight ........................................................................................ 243

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14.2.7 Rigid nonbuilding structures................................................................... 243

14.2.8 Minimum base shear .............................................................................. 243
14.2.9 Fundamental period ................................................................................ 243
14.2.10 Vertical distribution of seismic forces ................................................. 244
14.2.11 Deformation requirements ................................................................... 244
14.2.12 Nonbuilding structure classification .................................................... 244
14.3 NONBUILDING STRUCTUTRES SIMILAR TO BUILDINGS .................... 244
14.3.1 Electrical power generating facilities...................................................... 244
14.3.2 Structural towers for tanks and vessels ................................................... 244
14.3.3 Piers and wharves ................................................................................... 245
14.3.4 Pipe racks ................................................................................................ 245
14.3.5 Steel storage tanks................................................................................... 245
14.4 NONBUILDING STRUCTURES NOT SIMILAR TO BUILDINGS................ 246
14.4.1 General.................................................................................................... 246
14.4.2 Earth retaining structures ........................................................................ 246
14.4.3 Stacks and chimneys ............................................................................... 246
14.4.4 Amusement structures............................................................................. 246
14.4.5 Special hydraulic structures ................................................................... 247
14.4.6 Secondary containment systems ............................................................ 247
14.4.7 Tanks and vessels.................................................................................... 247
Appendix to Chapter 14 OTHER NONBUILDING STRUCTURES ............................ 263
Chapter 15 STRUCTURES WITH DAMPING SYSTEMS .......................................... 265
15.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................... 265
15.1.1 Scope....................................................................................................... 265
15.1.2 Definitions .............................................................................................. 265
15.1.3 Notation .................................................................................................. 266
15.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................... 269
15.2.1 Seismic Design Category A .................................................................... 269
15.2.2 System requirements............................................................................... 269
15.2.3 Ground motion ........................................................................................ 270
15.2.4 Procedure selection ................................................................................ 271
15.2.5 Damping system...................................................................................... 271
15.3 NONLINEAR PROCEDURES ........................................................................... 272
15.3.1 Nonlinear response history procedure..................................................... 272
15.3 2 Nonlinear static procedure ...................................................................... 273
15.4 RESPONSE SPECTRUM PROCEDURE........................................................... 273
15.4.1 Modeling ................................................................................................. 273
15.4.2 Seismic-force-resisting system ............................................................... 273
15.4.3 Damping system ..................................................................................... 274
15.5 EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE .......................................... 276
15.5.1 Modeling ................................................................................................. 276
15.5.2 Seismic-force-resisting system ............................................................... 276
15.5.3 Damping system ..................................................................................... 279
15.6 DAMPED RESPONSE MODIFICATION ........................................................ 281
15.6.1 Damping coefficient ............................................................................... 281
15.6.2 Effective damping................................................................................... 281
15.6.3 Effective ductility demand ...................................................................... 283
15.6.4 Maximum effective ductility demand ..................................................... 284
15.7 SEIMIC LOAD CONDITIONS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA .................. 284

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15.7.1 Nonlinear procedures .............................................................................. 284

15.7.2 Seismic-force-resisting system ............................................................... 285
15.7.3 Damping system...................................................................................... 285
15.8 DESIGN REVIEW .............................................................................................. 287
15.9 TESTING............................................................................................................. 288
15.9.1 Prototype tests......................................................................................... 288
15.9.2 Production testing ................................................................................... 290
Appendix A DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE 2000 AND THE 2003 EDITIONS
OF THE NEHRP RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS ......................................... 291
Appendix B PARTICIPANTS IN THE BSSC 2003 PROVISIONS UPDATE
PROGRAM....................................................................................................... 311

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