M.sc. Mathemetics

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT
M.Sc. (Mathematics)
Scheme of Teaching and Examination
Semester I
Subject
Code
Subject
Scheme Of
Teaching
Scheme Of Examination
Th.
Pr.
Total
P Total
Int
ext Int Ext Int
Ext
401
Measure Theory
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
402
Complex Analysis
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
403
Topology
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
404
Ordinary Differential
Equations
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
405
Graph Theory
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
406
Fourier Analysis
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
24 --
24
180 420 --
--
180 420
Total
Semester II
Subject
Code
Subject
Scheme Of
Teaching
Th.
Pr.
Total
P Total
Int
ext Int Ext Int
Ext
501
Differential Geometry
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
502
Functional Analysis
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
503
Elements of Partial
Differential Equations
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
504
Discrete Structure
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
505
Numerical Analysis
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
506
Functions of Complex
Variables
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
24 --
24
180 420 --
--
180 420
Total
Semester III
Subject
Code
Scheme Of
Teaching
Subject
Th.
Pr.
Total
P Total
Int
ext Int Ext Int
Ext
601
Abstract Algebra
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
602
Advanced Functional
Analysis
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
603
Applied Linear Algebra
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
24 --
24
180 420 --
--
180 420
600X
600X (*)
Elective Group
600X
Total
Elective group -1
Elective group -2
Elective group -3
Elective group - 4
Elective group - 5
6001
Mechanics
6002*
Mathematical Software
6003
Fluid Dynamics
6004
Linear programming
6005
Operation Research
6006
Optimization Techniques
6007
Laplace Transform and its Applications
6008
Fourier Transform and its Applications
6009
Advanced Integral Transform
6010
Elementary Number Theory
6011
Algebraic Number Theory
6012
Combinatorics
6013
Special Functions - I
6014
Special Functions - II
6015
Special Functions - III
Note: (*) paper no 6002 scheme of teaching

Examination scheme for
L4 T1 P4
Theory:
18 (internal) 42(external)
Practical:
Total:
Semester IV
Subject
Code
Subject
Scheme Of
Teaching
Th.
Pr.
Total
P Total
Int
ext Int Ext Int
Ext
701
Advanced Abstract
Algebra
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
702
Theory of Operators
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
703
Numerical Linear
Algebra
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
18
42
12 28
30
70
--
30
70
--
--
30
70
18
42
12 28
30
70
24 8
32
156 364 24 56 180 420
700X
700X
Elective Group
700X
Total
Elective group -1
Elective group -2
Elective group -3
Elective group - 4
Elective group - 5
7001
Computational Fluid Dynamics
7002
Mathematical Modeling
7003
Finite Element Method
7004
Advanced Operational Research
7005
Non - Linear Programming
7006
Advanced Optimization
7007
Wavelet Analysis
7008
Digital signal processing
7009
Image processing
7010
Advanced Number Theory
7011
Analytic Number Theory
7012
Introduction to Modern cryptography
7013
Special Functions - IV
7014
Special Functions - V
7015
Special Functions - VI
VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-I Semester - I w.e.f. June 2010-11
Paper: 401
Measure Theory
LTP
4-1-0
Pre - Requisite:
Extended Real number. open sets closed sets - sequences of real numbers Continuous
Functions
Lebesgue Measure :
Introduction. Borel sets, outer measure, measurable sets. Lebesgue measure,
measurable function. Little wood's three principles.
Lebesque Integral :
Riemann Integral, Lebesgue integral of a bounded function over a set of finite
measure. The integral of a non-negative functions. The general Lebesgue Integral.
Differentiation & Integration :
Differentiation of monotone functions. Functions of Bounded
Differentiation of an Integral. Absolute continuity and convex functions.
variation.
Measure and Integration:

Measure space, measurable functions Integration. General convergence theorem, LP
spaces.
Measure & outer measure :
Outer measure and measurability Extension theorem, The Lebesgue-Stieltjes theorem.
References:
1. H. L. Royden : Real Analysis (3rd edition), Prentice - Hall-2009.
2. P. R. Halmos : Measure theory, Springer - 1974.
3. W. Rudin
: Real & Complex Analysis 3rd edition McGraw-Hill, 1966.
4. G.de Barra
: Measure theory and Integration, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1985.
5. T. M. Apostol : Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publication House - 1985.

Paper: 402
Complex Analysis
LTP
4-1-0
Pre - Requisite:
Properties of Complex numbers, polar form of complex numbers. Complex valued
functions.
Analytic functions and power series:
Limit and differentiation of complex valued functions. The
Cauchy-Riemann
Equations. Power Series, convergence of power series. Analytic functions. Differentiation of
power series. Local maximum modulus principle.
Cauchy theorem
Holomorphic functions. Integral over paths. Local primitive for Holomorphic
functions. Integral along paths. Homotopy form of Cauchy's theorem. Existence of Local
primitive. The winding number. The Global Cauchy theorem.
Application of Cauchy Integral Formula
Uniform limits of analytic functions. Laurent series Isolated singularities, Removable
Singularities, poles, Essential Singularities.
Calculus of Residues and Harmonic functions
The Residual formula. Residues of differentials. Evaluation of definite integrals.
Definition of Harmonic functions and examples. Basic properties of Harmonic functions. The
Poisson formulas and construction of Harmonic functions.
References:
1. Serge Lang
: Complex Analysis (3rd edition), Springer - 1997
2. S. Ponnuswamy. : Foundation of Complex Analysis Narosa Pub. - 1997.

3. H. A. Priestly
: Introduction to Complex Analysis Clarendon Press, Oxford -1990
4. J. B. Conway
: Functions of Complex Variable Springer - Narosa Pub.- 1990
5. R. V. Churchill : Introduction to Complex Variables

Paper: 403
Topology
LTP
4-1-0
Topological Spaces :
The definition and some examples, Elementary concepts, Open bases and open subbases, Weak topologies, The function algebra C (X, R) and C (X, C)
Compactness and Separation:
Compact spaces, Product of Spaces, Tychonoff's theorem and locally compact spaces,
Compactness for metric spaces, Ascoli's theorem, T1-spaces and Hausdorff spaces,
Completely regular spaces and normal spaces, Urysohn's lemma.
Connectedness and Approximation :
Connected Spaces, The Components of a space, Totally disconnected spaces, Locally
Connected spaces, The Weierstrass approximation theorem, The stone-Weierstrass theorems,
Locally compact Hausdorff spaces, The extended Stone-Weierstrass theorems.
References:
1. G. F. Simmons: Introductions to Topology and Modern Analysis Tata McGraw-Hill- 2006.
2. J.R. Munkers : Topology - A First Course , PHI, 2000.
3. J. Dugundji
: Topology, PHI, 1966.
4. K.D.Joshi
: Introduction to general Topology, Willey Eastern, 1963.
5. J.L. Kelley
: General Topology, Van Nostrand, 1995.
6. Wiliard S.
: General Topology, Addison Wesley, 1970.
7. Crump W & Baker : Introduction to Topology, W.C. Brown, 1991.

Paper :404
Ordinary Differential Equations
LTP
4-1-0
Existence, Uniqueness, and Continuation of Solutions:
Introduction, Notation and Definition's, Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions of
Scalar Differential Equations, Existence Theorems for Systems of Differential Equations,
Differential and Integral Inequalities, Fixed-Point Methods,
Linear Systems:
Introduction, Properties of Linear Homogeneous Systems, Inhomogeneous Linear
Systems, Behaviour of Solutions of n-th order Linear Homogeneous Equations, Asymptotic
Behaviour,
Stability of Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Systems:
Introduction, Continuous Dependence and Stability Properties of Solutions, Linear
Systems, Weakly Systems, Weakly Nonlinear Systems, Two-Dimensional Systems.
References:
1. S. Ahmad and M.Rama Mohana Rao : Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations
Affiliated East West Press, 1999
2. Coddington E.A. and Levinson N. : Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations,
Mc Graw Hill, 1955.
3. Hartmann P.
: Ordinary Differential Equations, John Wiley
International, 1964.
4. Reid W.T.
: Ordinary Differential Equations, John Wiley, 1971.
5. Rose S.L.
: Differential Equations, P.H.I.
6. Rai B., Freedmanm H.I.,
: A Course in Ordinary Differential Equations,
and Chaudhary D.P.,
Narosa, 2002.
7. King A.C., Otto R.
: Differential Equations, Cambridge, 2005
and Billingham J.
8. Somasundaram D.
: Ordinary Differential Equations, Narosa, 2001
9. Mandal C.R.
: Ordinary Differential Equations, P.H.I., 2003.
Paper :405
Graph Theory
LTP
4-1-0
Graph-Paths-Circuits
What is Graph?, Application of Graphs, Finite and Infinite Graphs, Incidence and
Degree, Isolated Vertex, Pendent Vertex, and Null Graph, Isomorphism, Subgraphs, Walks
Paths, and Circuits, Connected Graphs, Disconnected Graphs, and Components, Euler
Graphs, Operations on Graphs, More on Euler Graphs, Hamiltonian Paths and Circuits, The
Traveling Salesman Problems.
Trees and Fundamentals Circuits :
Trees, Some Properties of Trees, Pendant vertices in a tree, Distance and Centers in a
tree, Rooted and Binary Trees, On counting trees, Spanning trees, Fundamentals circuits,
Finding all spanning Trees of a Graph, Spanning Trees in a Weighted Graph.
Cut-Sets and Cut-Vertices and Planar and Dual Graphs :
Cut-Sets, Some Properties of a Cut-Set, All Cut-Sets in a Graph, Fundamental
Circuits and Cut-Sets, Connectivity and Separability, Planar Graphs, Kuratowski's Two
Graphs, Different Representations of a Planar Graph, Detection of Planarity.
Matrix Representation of Graphs :
Incidence matrix, Submatrices of A(G), Circuits Matrix, Fundamental Circuit Matrix
and Rank of B, An Application to a Switching Network, Cut-Set Matrix, Relationships
among Af , Bf , and Cf , Path Matrix, Adjacency Matrix.
B
References:
1. Narsing Deo
: Graph Theory, PHI, 1993.
2. B. Stayanarayan
: Discrete Mathematics & Graph Theory,
And K.S.Prasad
PHI, (2009)
3. R. Manohar & Trembtey J.P. : Discrete Mathematical Structure with
application to computer science, TMH, 1999
4. Wilson R.J.
: Introduction to G.T. (3rd ed.) Longmann, 1984
5. Gibbons A.
: Algorithnmic Graph Thepry, Cambridge
University Press, 1984
6. Harry F.
: Graph Theory, Narosa Publication, 1995
7. Richard J.
: Discrete Mathematics, Pearson Educations,
Asia, 2001

Paper :406
Fourier Analysis
LTP
4-1-0
Periodic Functions. Trigonometric Series.
Computation of Fourier series, in various Interval.
Convergence Theorems for Fourier series.
Uniform Convergence of Fourier series.
Functions of any Period p = 2 L.
Even and Odd Functions. Half-Range Expansions.
Complex Fourier series.
Forced Oscillations.
Approximation by Trigonometric Polynomial.
Fourier Integrals.
Fourier cosine and Sine Transforms.
Modeling: Vibrating String. Wave Equations.
Separation of Variables. Use of Fourier Series.
D'Alembert's Solution of the Wave Equations.
Heat Equation: Solution by Fourier Series.
Heat Equation: Solution by Fourier Integrals and Transforms.
Rectangular Membrane. Use of Double Fourier Series.
References:
1.Kreyszig
: Advanced engineering Mathematics, John

Wiley & Sons, 1999
2.Albert Boggess and : A First Course in Wavelets with Fourier Analysis
Francis j. Narcowich 2nd ed., WileyPublication, 2009.
3.Jain, Iyenger
: Advanced Engineering mathematics,
Wiley India.
4.Carslaw
: Introduction to Fourier series & Fourier
Integrals, CRC Press.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-I Semester - II w.e.f. June 2010-11
Paper :501
Differential Geometry
LTP
4-1-0
Curves with Torsion:

Tangent, Principal Normal. Curvature, Binormal Torsion Serret-Frenet formulae,
Helices, Spherical indicatrix of tangent, etc., Involutes, Evolutes, Bertrand curves,
Envelops Developable Surfaces:
Surfaces, Tangent Plane Normal, Envelope Characteristics, Edge of regression,
Developable Surfaces, Osculating developable, Envelope Characteristic points,
Curvilinear Coordinates
Curvilinear coordinates, First order magnitudes, Directions on a surface, The normal,
Second order magnitudes, Derivatives of n, Curvature of normal section. Meunier's theorem.
Curves on Surface
Principle Directions and curvatures, First and second curvatures, Euler's theorem,
Surface of revolution, Conjugate directions, Conjugate systems,
References:
1. Whetherburn C.E.
: "Differential Geometry of 3-D", Radha Publishing, Calcutta.

1988
2. Bansilal
: "Differential Geometry, 1994 Atma Ram and sons,

Allahabad. 1994
3. S.C. Mittal and D. C. Agrawal : Differential Geometry, Krishna Publication, 1976

4. S. Kumaresan
: A Course in Differential Geometry and Lie Groups

Hindustan Book Agency, 2002
5. Sinha B.B.
: An Introduction to Modern Differential geometry,

Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1982

Paper :502
Functional Analysis
L T P
4-1-0
Metric Spaces
Convergence, Cauchy Sequence, Completeness, Examples. Completeness Proofs,
Completion of Metric Spaces,
Normed Spaces. Banach Spaces
Vector Space, Normed Space. Banach Space, Further Properties of Normed Spaces,
Finite Dimensional Normed Spaces and Subspaces, Compactness and Finite Dimension,
Linear Operators, Bounded and Continuous Linear Operators, Linear Functionals, Linear
Operators and Functional on Finite Dimensional Spaces, Normed Spaces of Operators. Dual
Space,
Inner Product Spaces. Hilbert Spaces
Inner Product Space. Hilbert Space, Further Properties of Inner Product Spaces,
Orthogonal Complements and Direct Sums, Orthonormal Sets and Sequences, Series Related
to Orthonormal Sequences and Sets, Total Orthonormal Sets and Sequences, Representation
of Functionals on Hilbert Spaces, Hilbert-Adjoint Operator, Self -Adjoint, Unitary and
Normal Operators,
References:
1. Kreyszig E.
: Introductory Functional Analysis with applications, Wiley India, 2006
2. Simmons G. F. : Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis. McGraw Hill
3. Siddiqui A. H. : Functional Analysis, P.H.I.
4. Sudarshan Nanda : Functional Analysis, Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd.
5. Day M.M.
: Normed Linear spaces, Springer
6. Limaye B.V.
: Functional Analysis, New Age International Pvt. Ltd.

Paper :503
Elements of Partial Differential Equations
L T P
4-1-0
Ordinary Differential Equations in More than Two Variables...
Surfaces and Curves in Three Dimensions, Simultaneous Differential Equations of the
First Order and the Degree in Three Variables, Methods of Solutions of d x = d y = d z ,
P
Orthogonal Trajectories of a Systems of a Curves on a Surface, Pfaffian Differential Forms

and Equations, Solution of Pfaffian Differential Equations in Three Variables
Partial Differential Equations of the First Order
Partial Differential Equations, Origins of First-Order Partial Differential Equations,
Linear Equations of the First Order, Integral Surfaces Passing through a Given Curve,
Surfaces Orthogonal to a Given System of Surfaces, Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
of the First Order, Compatible Systems of First-order Equations, Charpit's Method, Special
Types of First-order Equations, Solutions Satisfying Given Conditions, Jacobi's Method,
Partial Differential Equations of the Second Order
The Origin of Second-order Equations, Second-order Equations in Physics, Higherorder Equations in Physics, Linear Partial Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients,
Equations with Variable Coefficients, Separation of Variables, Nonlinear Equations of the
Second Order Miscellaneous Problems, Elementary Solutions of Laplace's Equations,
Families of Equipotential Surfaces.
References:
1. Sneddon I.A. : Elements of Partial Differential Equations, McGraw Hill,
Intonation Edition, 1957
2. Zafar Hasan : Differential Equations and their applications, Second
Edition, PHI, 2009.
3. Iyengar S.N. :Differential Equations, Anmol Publications, 2000
4. Sharma Gupta : Differential Equations, Krishna Prakashan Media, 1997- 98.
5. Copson E.T. : Partial Differential Equations, S.-Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
1976

Paper :504
Discrete Structure
LTP
4-1-0
Algebraic Structures:
Algebraic systems, Examples and General Properties, Definition and Examples, Some
Simple Algebraic Systems and General Properties, Semigroups and Monoids, Definitions and
Examples, Homomorphism of Semigroups and Monoids, Subsemigroups and Submonoids,
Grammars and Languages, Discussion of Grammars, Formal Definition of a Language,
Notions of Syntax Analysis, Polish Expression and Their Compilation, Polish Notation,
Conversion of Infix Expression to Polish Notation, The Application of Residue Arithmetic to
Computers, Introduction to Number Systems, Residue Arithmetic, Group Codes, The
Communication Model and Basic Notions Error Correction, Generation of Codes by Using
parity Checks, Error Recovery in Group Codes,
Lattices and Boolean Algebra:
Lattices as Partially Ordered Sets, Definition and Examples, Some Properties of
Lattices, Lattices as Algebraic Systems, Sublattices, Direct Product, and Homomorphism,
Some Special Lattices, Boolean Algebra, Definition and Examples, Subalgebra, Direct
Product, and Homomorphism , Boolean Functions, Boolean Forms and Free Boolean
Algebras, Values of Boolean Expressions and Boolean Functions, Representation and
Minimization of Boolean Functions, , Representation of Boolean Functions, Minimization of
Boolean Functions, Design Examples Using Boolean Algebra, Finite-state Machines,
Introductory Sequential Circuits, Equivalence of Finite-state Machines.
References:
1. Tremblay and Manohar : Discrete Mathematics Structures with Applications to
Computer Science, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
2. Abbott J.C.
: Sets, Lattices and Boolean Algebras, Allyn and Bacon, inc.
Boston, 1969
3. Gibbons A.
: Algorithmic Graph Theory, Cambridge Uni. Press, 1984.
4. Harary F.
: Graph Theory, Narosa Publication, 1995.
5. Hohn F.
: Applied Boolean Algebra (2nd ed.), Macmillan, New York, 1966.
6. Liu C.L.
: Elements of Discrete Mathematics, McGraw-Hill Inc., USA,
1985.
7. Richard Johnsonbaugh : Discrete Mathematics, Pearson Edu. Asia, 2001.
8. Rosen K.H.
: Handbook of Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics, CRC
Press, 1999.

Paper :505
Numerical Analysis
LTP
4-1-0
Transcendental and Polynomial Equations
Introduction, Bisection Method, Iteration Methods Based on First Degree Equation,

Iteration Methods Based on Second Degree Equation, Rate of Convergence, Iteration
Methods, Methods for Complex Roots, Polynomial Equations, Model Problems,
System of Linear Algebraic Equations and Eigen value Problems
Introduction, Direct Methods, Iteration Methods, Eigen values and Eigenvectors,
Model Problems,
Differentiation and Integration
Introduction, Numerical Differentiation, Partial Differentiation, Numerical
Integration, Method based on Interpolation, Method based on Undetermined Coefficients,
Composite Integration Method, Romberg Integration, Double Integration,
Ordinary Differential Equations
Numerical Methods, Singlestep Methods, Multistep Methods, Predictor-Corrector
Methods, Boundary Value Problems, Initial Value Methods, Finite Difference Methods.
References:
1. Froberg C. E.
2. Jain, Iyenger & Jain
: Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Addison-Wesley, 1970

: Numerical Methods, for Scientific and Engineering
Computation, New-Age International. 1999
3. Philips and Taylor
:Theory and Applications of Numerical Analysis Academic
Press,1996
4. Gourdin and Boumhart :Applied Numerical Analysis, P.H.I., 1996
5. Householder A. S.
:Theory of Matrices in Numerical Analysis, Blarsedell New York.
6. Jacques and Colin
: Numerical Analysis, Chapman & Hall, New-York, 1987

Paper: 506
Functions of Complex Variables
LTP
4-1-0
Conformal Mappings
Schwarz Lemma, Analytic Automorphisms of the Disc, The Upper Half Plane, Other
Examples, Fractional Linear Transformations.
Applications of the Maximum Modulus Principle and Jensen's Formula

Jensen's Formula, The Picard-Borel Theorem, Bounds by the Real Part, BorelCaratheodory Theorem, The Use of Three Circles and the Effect of Small Derivatives
Hermite Interpolation Formula, Entire Functions with Rational Values, The PhragmenLindelof and Hadamard Theorems.
Entire and Meromorphic Functions
Infinite Products, Weierstrass Products, Functions of Finite Order, Meromorphic
Functions, Mittag-Leffler Theorem.
Elliptic Functions
The Liouville Theorem, The Weierstrass Function, The Addition Theorem, The
Sigma and Zeta Functions.
The Gamma and Zeta Functions
The Differentiation Lemma, The Gamma Function, Weierstrass Product, The Mellin
Transform, Proof of Stirling's Formula, The Lerch Formula, Zeta Functions.
References:
1. Serge Lang : Complex Analysis, Springer, 1993
2. Titchmarsh : Theory of Functions, Oxford University Press.
3. Ponnusamy : Foundation of Complex Analysis, Narosa Publication, 1997.
4. Priestly H. A. : Introduction to Complex Analysis, Clarendon Press, 1990.
5. Conway J.B. : Functions of one Complex Variable, Springer, Narosa, 1980.
6. Sarason D. : Complex Function Theory, Hindustan Book Agency, 1994.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-II Semester -III w.e.f. June 2011-12
Paper : 601
Abstract Algebra
LTP
4-1-0
Group and Field Theory:
Sylow's Theorem, Direct Products, Finite Abelian Groups, Extension Fields, The
Transcendence of e, Roots of Polynomials, Construction with Straightedge and Compass,
More About Roots, The Elements of Galois Theory, Solvability by Radicals, Galois Groups
over the Rationals, Finite Fields,
Linear Transformations:
The Algebra of Linear Transformations, Characteristic Roots, Matrices, Canonical Forms:
Triangular Form, Canonical Forms: Nilpotent Transformations, Canonical
Forms: A
Decomposition of V : Jordan Form, Canonical Forms: Rational Canonical Form, Trace and
Transpose, Determinants, Hermitian Unitary, and Normal Transformations, Real Quadratic
Forms,
Ring Theory:
Definition and Examples of Rings, Some Special Classes of Rings, Euclidean Rings, A
Particular Euclidean Ring, Polynomial Rings, Polynomial Rings over Commutative Rings.
References:
1. I. N. Herstein
: Topics in Algebra 2nd Ed., John Wiley Sons, 1999.
2. P.B. Bhattacharya : Basic Abstract Algebra 2nd Ed.,
Cambridge University. Press, 1995
3. S. Lang
: Algebra 3rd Ed., Addition-Wesley, 1993.
4. I. S. Luther and I.B.S. Passi : Algebra Vol. I -Groups, Vol. II Rings,
Narosa Publishing House (Vol. I -1996, Vol. II 1999)
5. D. S. Malik, J. N. Mordeson and M. K. Sen : Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra,
Mc Graw-Hill, Int. Edition, 1997.
6. S. K. Jain, A. Gunawardena and P. B. Bhattacharya : Basic Linear Algebra with
MATLAB, Key College Publishing ( Springer-Verlag), 2001.

Paper : 602
Advanced Functional Analysis
LTP
4-1-0
Fundamental Theorems for Normed and Banach Spaces:
Zorn's Lemma, Hahn-Banach Theorem, Hahn-Banach Theorem for Complex Vector Spaces
and Normed Spaces, Application to Bounded Linear Functionals on C[a,b,], Adjoint
Operator, Reflaxive Spaces, Category Theorem. Uniform Boundedness Theorem, Strong and
Weak Convergence, Convergence of Sequences of Operators and Functionals, Application to
Summibality of Sequences, Numerical Integration and Weak* Convergence, Open Mapping
Theorem, Closed Linear Operators. Closed Graph Theorem,
Further Applications : Approximation Theory:

Approximation in Normed spaces, Uniqueness, Strict Convexity, Uniform Approximation,
Chebyshev Polynomials, Approximation in Hilbert Space, Splines,
Spectral Theory of Linear Operators in Normed Spaces:
Spectral Theory in Finite Dimensional Normed Spaces, Basic Concepts, Spectral Properties
of Bounded Linear Operators, Further Properties of Resolvent and Spectrum, Use of
Complex Analysis in Spectral Theory, Banach Algebras, Further Properties of Banach
Algebras.
References:
1. Kreyszig E.
5. Day M.M.
6. Limaye B.V.

Paper : 603
Applied Linear Algebra
LTP
4-1-0
Linear Operators:
Functions, Linear operators, Null space and range, Rank and nullity theorem, Operator inverses,
Application to matrix theory, Computation of the range ad null space of a matrix, Matrix of an
operator, Operator algebra, Change of basis and similar matrices, Applications.
Inner Product Spaces:
Definitions and examples, Norms; angle between vectors, Computational advantages of orthogonal
sets, Fourier coefficients and Parseval's identity, Gram-Schmidt process,
QR factorization,
Equivalence of the problems, Computations using orthogonal and nonorthogonal sets, Normal
equations, Projection operators, M , Decomposition of the vector space, Applications to

approximation and matrix theory, Fredholm alternative, Matrix representation of inner products,
Orthogonal change of basis, Rank of a Gram matrix,
Diagonalizable Linear Operators:
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Definitions, Spectrum and eigenspaces of an operator, Theoretical
computations using determinants, properties of the characteristic polynomial, Geometric and
algebraic multiplicities, Diagonalizable operators and their computational advantages, Similarity to a
diagonal matrix, Two competing definitions, Functions of matrices, General properties of functions
of diagonalizable operators, Minimal polynomial, Decoupling the differential equations : Two
viewpoints for diagonalizable matrices /eAt Estimates of Eigenvalues: Gershgorin's Theorems,
Applications to Finite Difference Equations, Biological models, finite difference equations.
The Structure of Normal Operators:
Adjoint and Classification of Operators, Definitions, Normal, Hermitian, and unitary operators,
Matrix Characterization, Spectral theorem and resolution, Functions of normal operators,
Simultaneous diagonalization of normal operators, Functions of normal matrices, Generalized
eigenvalue problem, The Rayleigh quotient and its extremal properties, Courant Fischer theorem,
Interlacing theorem for bordered matrices.
References:
1. J. T. Scheick
: Linear Algebra with Applications, McGraw Hill Int. Edi., 1997.
2. V. Sundarapandian : Numerical Linear Algebra, P.H.I. New Delhi, 2008.
3. Bretscher O.
: Linear Algebra with applications Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1997.
4. Ciarlet P.G.
: Introduction to Numerical Linear Algebra and Optimization,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1989.
5. Cullen C.G.
: An Introduction to Numerical Linear Algebra, PWS Publishing
Company, Boston, 1994.
6. Demmel J.W.
: Applied Numerical Linear Algebra, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1997.
7. Hager W.W.
: Applied Numerical Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1988.

Paper - 6001
Mechanics
L-T-P
4 -1- 0
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS
Measurement
Motion in one dimension: Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Equation of motion

with constant acceleration.
Motion in two dimension and three dimensions: Displacement, Velocity,

Acceleration, Projectile Motion, Uniform circular motion, Relative motion in two and
three dimension
Newton Laws of motion (with examples), Friction and centripetal forces
Kinetic energy and work ,Work done by weight, Work done by variable force, Workkinetic energy theorem, Work done by spring force, Power, Potential energy and
conservation of energy, Electric potential energy, Gravitational potential energy,
Conservation of energy
System of particles: Newton Laws for system of particle, Linear Momentum and
Newton's second Law, Conservation of linear momentum, collision, Impulse and
linear momentum, Elastic and Inelastic collision in one dimension, Collision in two
dimension
Rotational motion: Angular displacement, Angular velocity and Angular acceleration,

Equation of motion for constant angular acceleration, Torque, Newton second law in
angular form
Elasticity
Planets and satellites: Keplers law
Oscillations and wave theory
Oscillations: Energy, SHM, Energy in SHM, damped simple harmonic motion, forced
oscillations and resonance, Simple pendulum
Waves: Types of waves, wavelength, frequency, period, angular frequency,

Superposition of waves
Sound waves: Doppler effect
Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics : Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The Celsius, Kelvin and Fahrenheit scales
Thermal expansion: Linear expansion and volume expansion
Specific heat
First law of Thermodynamics
Conduction, convection, radiation
Kinetic theory of Gases and second law of Thermodynamics: Ideal gases, Internal
energy, the Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gases, Entropy, Second law of
thermodynamics, Entropy in the real world, Engines, Refrigerators
Electromagnetism
Electric charge, Conductors and insulators, Coulombs law.
Electric field, Electric field due to a point charges, Electric field due to an electric
dipole, Gauss law.
Electric Potential, Equi-potential surfaces, Calculation of Potential from field,

Potential due to a point charge
Capacitors, Capacitance, Capacitors in series and parallel, Capacitor with a

Dielectrics.
Moving charges and electricity, Currents, Semi conductors, Super conductors.,

Electric current, Current density, Resistance and Resistivity, Ohms law.
Circuits: Work, energy, emf, power, Ameter and voltmeter, RC circuits, Kirchoff's
law
The Magnetic field, definition of B, Hall effect, Torque on a current loop, Magnetic
dipole.
Magnetic field due to current, Amperes law, solenoids.
Faradays law, Lenzs law, Inductance and inductors, self inductance, RL circuits,
energy stored in magnetic fields
Maxwells equations: magnetic moments, magnates, Paramagnetism, diamagnetism,

ferromagnetism, Maxewells equations
Geometric optics : Plane mirrors, spherical mirrors, thin lenses
Wave optics : Interference and diffraction .
Reference Books:
1. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, Sixth edition,
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1998.
2. J.B. Serway, Fundamental of Physics

Paper - 6002
Mathematical Software
L-T-P
4 -1- 0
Introduction
Introduction to Matlab, variable and array, subarrays, displaying output data, data files
operation on array, hierarchy of operation on array, built in function in Matlab
Plotting
Introduction to plotting, graph window, two dimensional plot, multiple plot, components of
graph(legend, title,),graphical image, commet, 3D graph, additional plotting features
Subplots, polar plots,
Branching statement and program design

The if construct, switch construct, The try-catch construct , relational operators, logic
operators, logical functions
Loops
The while loop, The for loop, The break and continue statements, Nesting loops.
User defined function

Introduction to Matlab functions, variable passing in Matlab(pass by value), preserving data
between calls to functions, sub functions, private function, nested function
Reference books:
1. Chapman Stephen: Matlab programming for engineers, Thompson learning, 2004.
2. Rudra Pratap: getting started with Matlab, oxford university press, 2004

Paper - 6003
Fluid Dynamics
L-T-P
4 -1- 0
Vectors and Tensors:
Flow Kinematics
Flow descriptions (Lagrangian, Eulerian, Material derivative)
Motion of Fluid particles(rate of dilation, rate of shear, rate of rotation)
Conservation Laws
Reynolds transport theorem
Conservation of mass
Conservation of momentum
Conservation of energy
Navier-stokes equation
Non dimensionalization of the Navier-stokes equation
Special form of conservation laws
Euler equation for inviscid gas dynamics
Parabolic boundary condition for N S equation
Vorticity and Circulation
The vorticity transport equation and Helmholtzs vorticity.
Kelvins circulation theorem.
Potential equation
Laplace Equation for irrotational flows

Incompressible inviscid irrotational flows
Velocity potential and stream function in 2d and 3d
Complex velocity potential
Simple planer flows
Incompressible Viscous flows
Boundary layer equations
Reference Books:
1. Batchelor G.K.: An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University
Press,1999.
2. Emanuel G: Analytical Fluid Dynamics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Second
Edition, FL, 1999.
3. Panton R.L., Incompressible Flows, Wiley Interscience, 1984
4. Currie I.G.: Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids, McGraw-Hill, New-york,
1993.
5. Chorin: Mathematical introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Springer Verlag,
Fourth Edition

Paper - 6004
Linear Programming
L-T-P
4 -1- 0
Linear programming
Introduction, structure of linear programming problem, advantages and limitation of
Linear programming, Formulation of Model
The graphical methods of LP problem
The Simplex method
Standard form of LP problem, simplex algorithm for maximum and minimum,
simplex mathod, Two phase method, the Big M method, types of linear programming
solutions
Duality in linear programming
Formulation of Dual LP problem, standard rules on Duality, advantages of Duality
Sensitivity analysis in linear programming
Integer Linear programming
Types of Integer Linear programming Enumeration and cutting plane solution,

Gomorys all integer cutting plane mathod, Gomorys mixed integer cutting plane method,
branch and bound method
Books:
1. Kantiswarup, P.K.Gupta and Manmohan: Operations Research ,Sultan chand and
Sons.
2. S.D. Sharma: Operations Research, Kedar Nath, Ram Nath & Co.
3. S. S. Rao: Optimization Theory and Applications, Wiley Eastern, 1984
4. B.E. Gillet : Introduction to Operation Research Computer Oriented algorithm
5. H.A. Taha :Operation research an Introduction
6. Kalyanmoy Deb : Optimization for Engineering Design, Algorithms and
7. Examples Prentice-Hall of New Delhi, India, 2000
8. Srinath L.S.:PERT and CPM : Principles and Applucations ,2nd edition ,1975.

Paper - 6005
Operation Research
L-T-P
4 -1- 0
Goal programming
Difference between goal programming and LP programming, Goal programming model
formulation, Goal programming application, Graphical method for goal programming,
modify simplex method for goal programming, alternative simplex method for goal
programming
Transportation method
Mathematical model for Transportation method, north west corner method, least
cost method, vogals approximation method, test for optimality, variations in transporation
problem
Assignment problem
Mathematical model for assignment problem, solution method for assignment problem,
variations in assignment problem
Sequencing problem
Processing n jobs through 2 machines, Processing n jobs through 3 machines,
Processing n jobs through m machines, Processing 2 jobs through m machines,
Books:
Sons.

Paper - 6006
Optimization Techniques
L-T-P
4 -1- 0
Deterministic inventory control
Inventory Control, functional role of inventory control, reasons of inventory, inventory
models building, single item inventory control model without shortages, single item
inventory control model with shortages, multi - item inventory models with constraints,
single item inventory control models with quantity discounts, information system for
inventory controls
Probabilistic inventory control
Introduction, instantaneous demand inventory control models, continuous demand inventory
control models without setup cost, instantaneous demand inventory control models with setup
cost,
Queuing theory
Introduction, essential features of queuing theory, performance measures of queuing system,
probability distribution in queuing systems, calcification of queuing systems, single - server
queuing system, multi server queuing system, finite calling population queuing models,
multi-phase queuing model, special purpose queuing model
Replacement and Maintenance Models
Introduction, types of failure, replacement if items whose efficiency decrees with time,
Replacement of item that fail completely
Books:

Sons.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-II Semester - IV w.e.f. June 2011-12
Paper : 6007
Laplace Transform and Applications
LTP
4-1-0
Definition of the Laplace transform and examples. Existence of the Laplace transform
and its Basic properties. The convolution theorem and properties of convolution.
Differentiation and Integration of the Laplace transform. The inverse Laplace
transform and examples. Tauberian theorem and Watson's lemma Laplace transform
of Fractional integral and Fractional derivatives.
Application of the Laplace transform to solve ordinary differential equations, partial
differential equations, Initial and Boundary value problems, Integral equations,
Evaluation of definite Integrals Difference and differential - difference equations.
Definition of Finite Laplace transform and examples Basic operational properties of
the finite Laplace transform Application of Finite Laplace transform and Tauberian
theorem.
References:
1) Ian Sneddon
: The use of Integral Transform. TMIH, 1979.
2) Lokenath Debnath : Integral Transform and their applications,
CRC Pub., 1995.
3) B. Davies
: Integral Transforms and their applications,
Springer - Verlag, 1978.
4) Boss M. L.
5) Andrews, L. G. &
Shivamoggi B. K.
: Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences,

John Wiley & Sons, 1983.
: Integral Transforms for Engineers, PHI, 2003.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-II w.e.f. June 2011-12
Paper : 6008
Fourier Transform and its Applications
LTP
4-1-0
The Fourier integral formula, Definition of Fourier transforms. Basic properties of
Fourier transform. Fourier sine and cosine transforms & properties. Calculation of the
Fourier transforms of some simple function and rational functions. Calculation of
Fourier sine and cosine transforms. Convolution Integral. Parseval's theorem for
Fourier sine and consine transform. Fourier Inversion theorem and examples of some
simple functions.
Applications of Fourier Transform, Fourier sine and cosine transform
to various partial differential equations.
Application of Fourier Transform to solve Integral equation of convolution
type. Application of Fourier transform to solve ordinary differential equations and to
statistics.
Finite Fourier cosine & sine transform
Definition and Basic properties of finite Fourier sine and cosine transforms
and its applications.
References:
1) Ian Sneddon
CRC Pub., 1995.
3) B. Davies
4) Boss M. L.

5) Andrews, L. G. & : Integral Transforms for Engineers, PHI, 2003.
Shivamoggi B. K.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-II w.e.f. June 2011-12
Paper : 6009
Advanced Integral Transform
LTP
4-1-0
Hankel Transforms :
The Hankel Transform and Examples, Operational Properties of the Hankel
Transform, Applications of Hankel Transforms to Partial differentia Equation,
Finite Hankel Transform :
Definition of the Finite Hankel Transform and Examples, Basic Operational
Properties, Applications of Finite Hankel Transforms.
Mellin Transfroms :
Definition of the Mellin Transform and Examples, Basic Operational
Properties, Applications of Mellin Transforms, Mellin Transforms of the Weyl
Fractional Integral and the Weyl Fractional Derivative, Application of Mellin
Transforms to Summation of Series, Generalized Mellin Transforms.
Z Transforms :
Dynamic Linear Systems and Impulse Response, Definition of the Z
Transform and Examples, Basic Operational Properties, The Inverse Z Transform and
Examples, Applications of Z Transforms to Finite Difference Equations, Summation
of Infinite Series.
References:
1) Ian Sneddon
CRC Pub., 1995.
3) B. Davies
4) Boss M. L.

5) Andrews, L. G. & : Integral Transforms for Engineers, PHI, 2003.
Shivamoggi B. K.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-II Semester - III w.e.f. June 2011-12
Paper : 6010
Elementary Number Theory
LTP
4-1-0
Unit I:
Divisibility in integers, Division algorithm, Greatest Common Divisor (gcd) using the
Euclidean Algorithm, property of gcd and lcm of two integers, Fundamental theorem
of arithmetic, linear Diophantine equation in two variables.
Unit II:
Prime and composite numbers, The Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic, Sieve of
Eratosthenes, Infinitude of primes, Upper bound for the primes.
Fibonacci numbers and their elementary properties.
Unit III:
Properties of congruence relation, Modular Arithmetic, Divisibility tests for 3, 9 and 11,
CRS(mod n) and RRS(mod n), linear congruence axb(mod n), Chinese Remainder
theorem.
Unit IV:
Fermats little theorem, pseudo-primes, Wilsons theorem.
Pythagorean triples, Pythagorean equation
.
References:
1. David M. Burton : Elementary Number Theory, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub.
Co., N. Delhi, 6th edition, Reprint, 2006.
2. Neville Robbins : Beginning Number Theory, Narosa Pub. House, N.Delhi,
2 nd Ed., 2006.
3. I. Niven, S.Zuckerman & L. Montgomery: An Introduction to the Theory of
Numbers, 6 th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2003.
4. George Andrews : Number Theory, The Hindustan Pub. Corp., New Delhi.
5. S.G.Talang : Number Theory, The Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

Paper : 6011
Algebraic Number Theory
LTP
4-1-0
Unit I:
Uniqueness of factorization of integers in rational and Gaussian fields, Polynomials over a
field, Eisensteins irreducibility criterion, Symmetric polynomials, Symmetric function
theorem.
Unit II:
Algebraic and transcendental numbers, algebraic number fields, bases and finite extensions,
conjugates of an algebraic number fields, conjugate of an algebraic number in a given
algebraic number field.
Unit III:
Algebraic integers, norm, trace and discriminant of algebraic numbers and algebraic integers,
integral basis of an algebraic number field, arithmetic in algebraic number fields
Unit IV:
Units and primes, the problem of uniqueness of factorization, integral ideals, basic properties
of ideals, unique factorization of integral ideals, HCF of two ideals, problem of ramification.
References:
1. Harry Pollard and Harold G. Diamond : The Theory of Algebraic numbers, The
Mathematical Association of America (Carns Mathematical Monographs).
2. S. Lang, Algebraic Number Theory, Addison- Wesley, 1970.
3. D.A. Marcus, Number Fields, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1977.
4. K. Ireland and M. Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, 2nd ed.,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990.

Paper : 6012
Combinatorics
LTP
4-1-0
Unit I:
Introduction to basic ideas of ordered and unordered selection, The Binomial theorem,
Combinatorial approach of the Binomial theorem, Binomial coefficients.
Unit II:
Pairing problems, perfect matching, system of distinct representative, Optimal assignment
problem, Halls treatment to optimal assignment problem with priorities, marriage theorem.
Unit III:
Latin squares and rectangles, the maximin theorem, recurrence relation, Fibonacci type
relations, generating functions related to recurrence relations.
Unit IV:
The inclusion-exclusion principle, Rook polynomials, computation of Rook polynomials for
various types of board.
References:
1. Jan Anderson
2. V. Krishnamurty
: A first course in Combinatorial mathematics,

: Combinatorics: Theory and Applications, Affiliated EastWest Press Ltd., New Delhi, 1985.
3. Herbert John Ryser : Combinatorial Mathematics, The Mathematical Association
of America,USA (Carns Mathematical Monographs No.4).

Paper : 6013
Special Functions - I
LTP
4-1-0
Infinite Products:
Introduction and definition, Necessary and sufficient condition for convergence,
absolute convergence and uniform convergence.
The Gamma and Beta Functions:
The Euler or Mascheroni constant (lemda), The Gamma function, A series for ( z ) / ( z ) ,
Evaluation of
(1) and
(1) , The Euler product for
( z ) , The difference equation
( z + 1) = z ( z ) , Evaluation of certain infinite products, Eulers integral for ( z ) , The Beta
function. The value of ( z ) (1 z ) , The factorial function, Legendres duplication formula,

Gauss multiplication theorem.
The Hypergeometric Function:

The function F(a,b; c;z), A simple integral formula, F(a,b;c; 1) as a function of parameters,
Evaluation of F(a,b;c;1), The continuous function relation, The Hypergeometric differential
equations and their logarithmic solutions, Elementary series manipulations, Simple
transformations, Relation between function of z and that of (1 - z), A quadratic
transformation, Kummar's theorem, Some additional properties.
References:
[1] Special Functions by Rainville E.D. McMillan, New York, 1960.
[2] Special functions of Mathematical Physics and Chemistry by Sneddon 1. N.Oliver
Boyd,1961.
[3] A Treatise on the theory of Bossel's functions by Watson G. N.Cambridge University
Press, 193 1.
[4] Special Functions and their Applications by Ledebev N. N. Dover Pub. 1972.
[5] Special Functions by Saxena R. K. and Gokhroo D. C. Khanna Pub.

Paper : 6014
Special Functions - II
LTP
4-1-0
Generalised Hypergeometric functions:
The function pFq The Exponential and Binomial functions, Differential equation and
its various solutions, The continuous function relations with simple integral, pF q with unit
argument, Saalschutz' theorem, Whipple's theorem, Dixon's theorem, Contour integrals of
Barnes' type, The Barnes integrals and the function pFq with some useful integral.
Generating Functions:
Concept of the generality function, The generating function of the form G (2 xt t 2 ) ,

Sets generated by
et(xt), The generating function A(t ) exp[ xt /(1 t )] , Another class of generating
functions and its extension.

Orthogonal Polynomials:
Simple sets of polynomials, Orthogonality and equivalent condition for orthogonality, Zeros
of orthogonal polynomials, Expansion of polynomials, The three - term recurrence formula,

The Cristoffel - Darbaux formula, Normalization, Bessel's inequality.
References:
Boyd,1961.
Press, 193 1.

Paper : 6015
Special Functions - III
LTP
4-1-0
Legendre's Polynomials:
The generating function, Differential and pure recurrence relations, Legendre's differential
equation, The Rodrigues formula, Batemann generating function, Additional generating
functions, Hypergeometric forms of Pn(x), Brafman's generating function, Properties of Pn(x)
with more generating functions, Laplace first integral form, Bounds on Pn(x), Orthogonality
theorem, Expausition theorem, expansion of Xn and expansion of analytic functions.
Hermite Polynomials:
Definition of Hn(x), Recurrence relations, Rodrigues formula and generating
functions, integrals, Hermite polynomial as a
F0 , orthogonality, Expansion of
polynomials and more about generating functions.
References:
Boyd,1961.
Press, 193 1.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-II Semester -IV w.e.f. June 2011-12
Paper : 701
Advanced Abstract Algebra
LTP
4-1-0
Ideals:
Ideals, Homorphisms, Sum and direct sum of ideals, Maximal and prime ideals, Nilpotent
and nil ideals, Zorn's Lemma, Unique factorization domains, Principal ideal domains,
Euclidean domains, Polynomials rings over UFD,
Modules:
Definition and examples, Submodules and direct sums, R-homomorphism and quotient
modules, Completety reducible modules, Free modules, Representation of linear mappings,
Rank of a Linear mapping, Decomposition theorem, Uniqueness of the decomposition,
Application to finitely generated abelian groups, Rational canonical form, Generalized Jordan
form over any field,
Noetherian and artinial modules and rings:
HomR ( M i , M i ) , Noetherian and -artinian modules, Wedderburn-Artin theorem,
Uniform modules, primary modules, and Noether - Lasker theorem.
Reference:
1. P.B. Bhattacharya : Basic Abstract Algebra 2nd Ed.,
Cambridge University. Press, 1995
2. I. N. Herstein
: Topics in Algebra 2nd Ed., John Wiley Sons, 1999.
3. S. Lang
: Algebra 3rd Ed., Addition-Wesley, 1993.
4. I. S. Luther and I.B.S. Passi : Algebra Vol. I -Groups, Vol. II Rings,
Narosa Publishing House (Vol. I -1996, Vol. II 1999)
5. D. S. Malik, J. N. Mordeson and M. K. Sen : Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra,
Mc Graw-Hill, Int. Edition, 1997.
6. S. K. Jain, A. Gunawardena and P. B. Bhattacharya : Basic Linear Algebra with
MATLAB, Key College Publishing ( Springer-Verlag), 2001.

Paper : 702
Theory of Operators
LTP
4-1-0
Compact Linear operators on Normed spaces and Their Spectrum:
Compact Linear Operators on Normed Spaces, Further Properties of Compact Linear
Operators, Spectral Properties of Compact Linear Operators on Normed Spaces, Further
Spectral Properties of Compact Linear Operators, Operator Equations Involving Compact
Linear Operators, Further Theorems of Fredholm Type, Fredholm Alternative,
Spectral Theory of Bounded Self-Adjoint Linear Operators:
Spectral Properties of Bounded Self-Adjoint Linear Operators, Further Spectral Properties of
Bounded Self-Adjoint Linear Operators, Positive Operators, Square Roots of a Positive
Operator, Projection Operators, Further Properties of Projections, Spectral Family, Spectral
Family of a Bounded Self-Adjoint Linear Operator, Spectral Representation of Bounded SelfAdjoint Linear Operators, Extension of the Spectral Theorem to Continuous Functions,
Properties of the Spectral Family of a Bounded Self-Adjoint Linear Operators,
Unbounded Linear Operators in Hilbert Space:
Unbounded Linear Operators and their Hilbert-Adjoint Operators,
Hilbert-Adjoint
Operators, Symmetric and Self-Adjoint Linear Operators, Closed Linear Operators and
Closures, Spectral Properties of Self-Adjoint Linear Operators, Spectral Representation of
Unitary Operators, Spectral Representation of Self-Adjoint Linear Operators, Multiplication
Operators and Differentiation Operators.
References:
1. Kreyszig E.
5. Day M.M.
6. Limaye B.V.

Paper : 703
Numerical Linear Algebra
LTP
4-1-0
Vector and Matrix Norms:
Vector Norms, Matrix Norms, Convergent Matrices, Stability of Nonlinear Systems,
Iterative Methods and Condition Number
Introduction, Gauss-Jacobi Iteration Method, Gauss-Seidel Iteration Method, Convergence of
Iteration Methods, Successive Over-Relaxation Iteration Method, Conjugate Gradient
Method, Definition and Examples, Elementary Properties of k(A), Sensitivity Analysis of
Solutions of Linear Systems, Residual Theorem, Nearness to Singularity, Estimating k(A),
Singular Value Decomposition
SVD Theorem, Algebraic and Geometric Properties of SVD, Determining the Rank of a
Matrix Using SVD, Compression Using SVD, Pseudoinverse and the SVD,
Numerical Eigenvalue Problem
Basic Theorem on Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Power Method, Power Method Algorithm,
Rate of Convergence, Power Method with shift, Simple application of power method with
shift, Calculating the least Dominant Eigenpair, Inverse Iteration, Rayleigh Quotient,
Householder Deflation, Jacobi's Method, Rotation Matrices, The Outline of Jacobi's Method,
The General Step of Jacobi's Method, Zeroing out dpq and dqp,
QR Method,
Hessenberg QR Method, Rate of Convergence of the hessenberg QR Method, Single Shift
Hessenberg QR Method.
References:
1. V. Sundarapandian : Numerical Linear Algebra, P.H.I. New Delhi, 2008.
2. Bretscher O. : Linear Algebra with applications Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1997.
3. Ciarlet P.G. : Introduction to Numerical Linear Algebra and Optimization, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge,1989.
4. Cullen C.G.: An Introduction to Numerical Linear Algebra, PWS Publishing
Company, Boston, 1994.
5. Datta B.N. : Numerical Liner Algebra, Brooks and Cole, Pacific Grove, 1995.
6. Demmel J.W. : Applied Numerical Linear Algebra, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1997.
7. Hager W.W.: Applied Numerical Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 1988.
8. Loan C.F.V.: Introduction to Scientific Computing, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 2000.
9. Trefethen L.N. and D. Bau : Numerical Linear Algebra, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1997.

Paper : 7001
Computational Fluid Dynamics
LTP
4-1-0
Introduction to CFD, Applications;
Governing equations and assumptions, Equation types, Model equations, potential

flow, Heat conduction, Wave equation, Burgers equation, Euler equations.
Finite Differences, Algorithms, Errors and Accuracy, Consistency, Stability and

Convergence, Finite Volumes, Explicit algorithms, Implicit algorithms, Numerical
boundary conditions, Method of lines, Shock Jump Relations, Shock capturing.
One dimensional Euler equations, Lax Wendroff Scheme, Mc-Cormack Scheme,

Implicit - method, Pseudo One Dimensional Euler Equations, boundary conditions,
Flux Splitting, Artificial viscosity, Flux limiters.
Multidimensional Euler equations, Lax- Wendroff and Mc-Cormack schemes,

stability of multidimensional schemes, Operator splitting Implicit algorithms, Beam Warming algorithm.
Practicals : Numerical methods for discretizing fluid flow equations: Finite

differences, finite element and finite volume method.
Reference Books:
1. R. J. Leveque: Numerical methods for conservation Laws, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel,
1992.
2. J. D. Anderson: Computation Fluid dynamics, Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 1995.
3. H. K. Versteeg and W. Malasekera: An Introduction to Computational Fluid
Dynamics: The finite volume method, Longman Scinetific and technical Essex,
England, 1995.
4. J. Chorin and J. E. Marsden: A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
5. P. D. Lax: hyperbolic systems of conservation laws and mathematical theory of shock
waves, 1973.

Paper : 7002
Mathematical Modeling
LTP
4-1-0
Needs and Techniques of mathematical modeling: Idea of mathematical modeling,

need for mathematical modeling, steps in mathematical modeling, Characteristics of
mathematical modeling ,Interpretation
Models in mechanical vibration :Spring mass system, pendulum problems
Models in population dynamics:One species model, logistic model, growth model in

time delays ,Predator-Prey models,Volterra-Lotka models
Models of chemical processes, Electrical network and Diffusion processes
Traffic flow models
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING
Modeling dynamical systems: differential equations and their numerical solution,

linear and nonlinear dynamics, stability, convergence, attractors.
Physical systems: System types and characteristics behaviour, Continuoustime,discrete time and discrete -event systems, linear and non linear systems
Exploration of behaviour through simulation:
Developing simulations of dynamical systems using Matlab: representation and

visualization of simulation experiments, analyzing behavioural characteristics for a
range of classes of physical and computational systems eg. Predictor- prey models,
evolutionary systems and cellular systems
Reference Books:
1. J.N.Kapur: Mathematical modelling, Wiley eastern Ltd., 1994.

2. M.M. Gibbons: A concrete approach to Mathematical modeling, John Wiley and
sons, 1995.
3. H. Neunzert and A.H. Siddiqui: Topics in Industrial Mathematics, Kluwer

Academic Publishers, London, 2000
4. P. E. Wellstead : Introduction to Physical system modeling, Academic Press,

1979.
5. Richard Haberman: Mathematical Models, Practice- Hall Inc., NJ, 1979.

6. Jery Banks, John S., Carson II, Barry Nelson and David M.Nicol,:Discrete
Event system simulation , Prentice hall, 2001
Paper : 7003
Finite Element Method
LTP
4-1-0
Introduction
The basic idea about FEM,
basic features of FEM,
mathematical model,
numerical simulations
Mathematical Preliminaries
Integral formulations
Variational methods
Basic steps of Finite Element Analysis
Axisymmetic Problems
Discrete systems
Reference Books:
1. J.N.Reddy: "An introduction to the Finite Element Method" Tata McGraw - Hill Edition,
2005.
2. Baker A. J.: "Finite Element Computational Fluid Mechanics" McGraw Hill Book Company
3. Chung T. J.: "Computation Fluid Dynamics" Cambridge University Press
Paper : 7004
Advanced Operational Research
LTP
4-1-0
Theory of simplex method
Introduction, canonical and standard form of LP problem, slack and surplus variable,
reduction of feasible solution to basic solution, improving a basic feasible solution, alterative
optimal solution, unbounded solution, optimality condition
Revised simplex method and dual simplex mathod

Introduction, revised simplex method, standard form of revised simplex method, comparison
of revised simplex and revised simplex method, algorithm of dual simplex method
Bounded variable LP problem

Introduction, the simplex algorithm
Parametric linear programming

Introduction, the objective function coefficients, variation in availability of resources
Books:
Sons.
6. Kalyanmoy Deb: Optimization for Engineering Design, Algorithms and

Paper : 7005
Non - Linear Programming
LTP
4-1-0
One - Dimensional Non- Linear Programming Methods
Unimodal function, exhaustive search, dichotomous search, Fibonacci search, quadratic
interpolation , direct search method, interpolation methods
Classical Optimization Methods
Unconstraint optimization, constrain Multi- variable optimization with equality constrains,
constrain Multi- variable optimization with inequality constrains,
Non- Linear Programming Methods
Introduction, general nonlinear programming problems, graphical solution method,
quadratic programming, application of quadratic programming, separable programming,
geometric programming, stochastic programming
Books:
Sons.

Paper : 7006
Advanced Optimization
LTP
4-1-0
Project Management
Introduction, basic difference between PERT & CPM, phases of Project Management,
PERT/CPM network components and precedence relationship, critical path analysis, project
scheduling with uncertain activity times, project time - cost trade - off, updating of project
progress, resources allocation
Markov chain
Introduction, characteristic of markov chain, application of Markov chain, state and transition
problem, multi - period transition problem, steady - state condition
Simulation
Introduction, simulation, types of simulation, steps of simulation process, advantages and
disadvantages of simulations, stochastic simulation, random numbers, simulation of inventory
problem, simulation of queuing problem, simulation of inventory problems, simulation of
PERT/CPM problems, role of computer in simulation
Books:
Sons.

Paper : 7007
Wavelet Analysis
LTP
4-1-0
From Fourier Analysis to Wavelet analysis
Time Frequency Analysis
Continuous Wavelet Transform
Discretizing the Wavelet Transform
Frames
Frames of Wavelets
A necessary condition (Admissibility of the mother wavelet)
The dual frame
Examples of Tight frames, The Mexican hat function, a modulated Gaussian
Frames for the Windowed Fourier transform
Time-Frequency Density
Orthonormal Wavelet bases
Multi Resolution Analysis
Riesz bases of scaling function
The Battle-Lemaire waveltes
Regularity of Orthonormal wavelet bases
Orthonormal Bases of Compactly Supported Wavelets with Examples
Regularity of Compactly Supported Wavelets
Books:
1. Ingrid Daubechies :Ten Lectures on Wavelets, OBMS-NSF SIAM,
Philadelphia,
1992.
2. Charles K. Chui An introduction to wavelets, Academic Press ,1992
3. G. Kaiser, Friendly Guide to wavelets , Birkhauser Boston 1994.

Paper : 7008
Digital signal Processing
LTP
4-1-0
INTRODUCTION:
DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS:

Introduction, Discrete-Time Signals: Sequences, Discrete-Time systems, Linear
TimeInvariant Systems, Properties of Linear Time-Invariant Systems, Linear Constant-Coefficient
Difference Equations, Frequency-Domain Representation of Discrete-Time Signals and
Systems, Representation of Sequences by Fourier Transforms, Symmetry Properties of the
Fourier Transform, Fourier Transform Theorems, Discrete-Time Random Signals.
THE Z-TRANSFORM:
Introduction, Z-Transform, Properties of the Region of Convergence for the
Transform, The Inverse Z-Transform, Z-Transform Properties.
Z-
SAMPLING OF CONTINUOUS - TIME SIGNALS:

Introduction, Periodic Sampling, Frequency-Domain Representation of Sampling,
Reconstruction of a Bandlimited Signal from its Samples, Discrete-Time Processing of
Continuous-Time Signals, Continuous-Time Processing of Discrete-Time Signals, Changing
the Sampling Rate Using Discrete-Time Processing, Multirate Signal Processing, Digital
Processing of Analog Signals, Oversampling and Noise Shaping in A/D and D/A Conversion.
TRANSFORM ANALYSIS OF LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEMS:
Introduction, The Frequency Response of LTI Systems, System Functions for Systems
Characterized by Linear constant-coefficient Difference Equations, Frequency Response for
Rational System Functions, Relationship between Magnitude and Phase, All-Pass Systems,
Minimum Phase Systems, Linear Systems with Generalized Linear Phase.
References:
1. oppenheim A. V., Schafer & Buck Discrete Time Signal Processing Pearson
education 2006
2. crochiere & rabiner multirate Digital Signal Processing Pearson education 2006
3. oppenheim A. V., Schafer, Digital Signal Processing Pearson education 2006

Paper : 7009
Image Processing
LTP
4-1-0
Introduction
Fundamentals of Image Processing, Applications of Image Processing, Automatic Visual
Inspection System, Remotely Sensed Scene Interpretation, Biomedical Imaging Techniques,
Defense surveillance, Content-Based Image Retrieval, Moving-Object Tracking, Image and

Video Compression, Human Visual Perception, Human Eyes, Neural Aspects of the Visual
Sense, Components of an Image Processing System, Digital Camera
Image Formations and Representation
Introduction, Image formation, Illumination, Reflectance Models, Point Spread Function,
Sampling and Quantization, Image Sampling, Image Quantization, Binary Image, Geometric
Properties, Chain code representation of a binary object, Three-Dimensional Imaging, Stereo
Images, Range Image Aquisition, Image file formats
Colors and Color Imagery
Introduction, Perception of Colors, Color Space Quantization and Just Noticeable Difference,
Color Space and Transformation, CMYK, NTSC or YIQ Color, YCbCr Color, Perceptually
Uniform Color, CIELAB color, Color Interpolation or Demosaicing, Nonadaptive Color
Interpolation Algorithms, Adaptive algorithms, A Novel Adaptive Color Interpolation
Algorithm,
Image Transformations
Introduction, Fourier Transforms, One-Dimensional Fourier Transform, Two-Dimensional
Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Transformation Kernels, Matrix Form
Representation, Properties, Fast Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, WalshHadamard Transform (WHT), Karhaunen-Loeve Transform or Principal Component
Analysis, Covariance Matrix, Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues, Principal Component Analysis,
Singular Value Decomposition
Reference Books:
1. Tinku Acharya & Ajoy K. Ray, Image Processing ,Principles and Applications
WILEY- INTERSCIENCE
2. Gonzalez & Woods, Digital image processing Pearson Eduction second edition

Paper : 7010
Advanced Number Theory
LTP
4-1-0
Unit I:
Introduction of Number theoretic functions (n), (n), (n), (n) and [x], Multiplicative
nature of these functions, Basic properties of these functions, The Mobius Inversion
formula, Use of the [x] to compute exponent of highest powers of p that divides n!,
Eulers generalization of Fermats theorem.
Unit II:
The order of an integer modulo n, Primitive roots for primes, The theory of indices.
Unit III:
Eulers criterion, The Legendre symbol and its properties, Gauss Lemma, Quadratic
Reciprocity and Quadratic Reciprocity law, Quadratic congruence with composite
moduli.
Unit IV:
Simple continued fractions, finite and infinite continued fractions, uniqueness,
representation of rational and irrational numbers as simple continued fractions, rational
approximation to irrational numbers, Hurwitz theorem, basic facts of periodic continued
fractions and their illustrations (without proofs).
References:
1. David M. Burton
: Elementary Number Theory, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub.

Co., N. Delhi, 6th edition, Reprint, 2006.
2. Neville Robbins
: Beginning Number Theory, Narosa Pub. House,
N.Delhi, 2nd Ed., 2006.
3. I. Niven, S.Zuckerman & L. Montgomery: An Introduction to the Theory of
Numbers, 6 th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2003.
4. George Andrews : Number Theory, The Hindustan Pub. Corp., New Delhi.
5. S.G.Talang : Number Theory, The Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

Paper : 7011
Analytic Number Theory
LTP
4-1-0
Unit I:
The Dirichlet product of two arithmetical functions (a.f.) and group structure w.r.t. this
product, The Mangoldt function, Multiplicative a.f., the inverse of a completely multiplicative
a.f., Liouvilles function
, the divisor functions
and
.
Unit II:
Generalized convolution, the Bell series of a.f., the Selbergs identity, the big oh notation,
Eulers summation formula, the average order of divisor functions
and
.
Unit III:
The average order of functions
, Lattice points visible from the origin, the
partial sums of a Dirichlet product, applications to

and
.
Unit IV:
Chebyshevs functions
and
, Abels identity, relation between
, equivalent forms of prime number theorem, lower and upper bounds for
, and
and
References:
1. T.M.Apostol
: Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Narosa Pub. House,

New Delhi, 1998 Ed.
2. Mc Carthy P.J. : Introduction to Arithmetical function, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1986.
3. K. Chandrashekharan : Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, SpringerVerlag, New York, 1968.
4. Hua L.K. : Introduction to Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982.

Paper : 7012
Introduction To Modern Cryptography
LTP
4-1-0
Unit I:
Mathematical Basics: Divisibility, primes, primality testing and induction, an introduction to
congruences, Euler, Fermat, and Wilson Theorems, primitive roots, the index calculus and
power residues, Legendre, Jacobi, & Quadratic Reciprocity, Complexity.
Unit II:
Cryptographic Basics: The objectives of Cryptography, classic Ciphers, stream Ciphers,
linear feedback shift registers, Cryptographic protocols, provable security, attacks.
Unit III:
Symmetric-Key Encryption: Stream Ciphers, symmetric block Ciphers, Data Encryption
Standard (DES), Hash function, message digest and message authentication code, DES-like
message digest computation (DMAC), secure Hash algorithm.
Unit IV:
Public-Key Cryptography: The Concept of public-key Cryptography, DiffieHellman
exponential key exchange, RSA, Schnorrs public-key Cryptosystem, Digital Signature
Algorithm.
References:
1. Richard A. Mollin : An introduction to Cryptograpy, Chapman & Hall/CRC,
USA, 2001.
2. Hans Delfs, Helmut Knebl: Introduction to Cryptography: Principles and
Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2002.
3. N. Koblitz, A Course in Number and Theory and Cryptography, Graduate Texts in
Mathematics, No.114, Springer-Verlag, New York/Berlin/Heidelberg, 1987.

Paper : 7013
Special Functions - IV
LTP
4-1-0
Leguerre Polynomials:
( )
A Polynomial L n (X) ,Generating functions and recurrence relations, Rodrigues

formula, The differential equation, Orthogonality, Expansion of polynomial and special
properties, Other generating functions, The simple Leguerre polynomial.
Jacobi Polynomials:
The Jacobi polynomials, Bateman's generating function, The Rodrogues formula and
orthogonality, Differential and pure recurrence relations, Mixed relations, Appell's functions
of two variables, Elementary generating functions, Brafman's generating functions,

Expansion in series of polynomials.
References:
Boyd,1961.
Press, 193 1.

Paper : 7014
Special Functions - V
LTP
4-1-0
CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Confluent Hypergeometric Functions, Relations among the Consecutive Functions,
Whittaker Equation and Whittaker Functions M k ,m ( z ) , Integral Representations, Whittaker
Functions M ,
k ,m
( z ) Asymptotic Expansion of when Wk , m ( z ) z , Barnes' Integral
Representation of M k ,m ( z ) , Relations between W k ,m ( z )
and
M k ,m ( z ) , Asymptotic
Expansion of F ( , , z ) . Stokes Phenomenon, The Case when (or 2m)is an Integral, The
Asymptotic Expansions of F ( , , z ) for Large , , Differential Equations Reducible to
the Confluent Hypergeometric Equation, Weber Equation. Parabolic Cylinder Functions Dn
(z), Hermite Functions and Hermite Polynomials, Laguerre Polynomials, Other Special
Functions Expressible by Whittaker Functions.
BESSEL FUNCTIONS:
Bessel equation, Its relation to the Confluent Hypergeometric equation, Bessel Functions of
the first kind: Jv(z), 2 v integer, Bessel functions of order half an odd integer, Integral
representations of Jv(z), Bessel functions of integral order Jn(z), ( n = 0, 1, 2, ), Bessel
(1)
(2)
functions of the second kind Yv(z) , Bessel functions of the third Kind Hv (z), Hv (z),.
Modified Bessel functions I v ( z ) and K v ( z ) , Thomson functions, Spherical Bessel

Functions, jl ( z ), ni ( z )..., Asymptotic expansions for the class z , The method of
Steepest Descent, Asymptotic expansions of Bessel functions of order V for large
v and z , Addition formulae, Integrals containing Bessel functions (1) Finite Integrals (2)
Infinite Integrals, Neumann expansion, Kapteyn expansion, The zeros of Bessel functions,
Fourier-Bessel expansion.
References :
[1] Special Functions by Wang Z. X. and Guo D. R, World Scientific Pub. Co. Pte.
Ltd.,Singapore, 1989.
[2] Special functions of Mathematical Physics and Chemistry by Sneddon 1. N.Oliver Boyd,1961.
Press, 193 1.

Paper : 7015
Special Functions -VI
LTP
4-1-0
WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS :

Elliptic Integrals and Elliptic Functions, The periods of Elliptic Integrals, The General
Properties of doubly-periodic functions and Elliptic Functions, The function ( z ) , Algebraic
relation between ( z ) and ( z ) , the function ( z ) , the function ( z ) , homogeneity of the
Weierstrass elliptic function, Representation of
a general elliptic function, Addition
formulae, Expressing the coordinates of a cubic curve by Elliptic functions, The problem of a
Quartic polynomial, Curves of Genus 1.
THETA FUNCTIONS :
The Theta function (v ) , The function k (v) , Elliptic function represented by Theta function,
Relations among the squares of k (v) , Addition formulae, Differential equation satisfied by
Theta functions, The values of some constants, Legendres Elliptic integral of the first kind,
Jacobis Imaginary transformation, Transformation of Landen-Type, Representation of Theta
functions by infinite product, Fourier Expansion of the Logaruthmic Derivatives of Theta
functions, The function (u ) and H (u )
References :
[1] Special Functions by Wang Z. X. and Guo D. R, World Scientific Pub. Co. Pte.
Ltd.,Singapore, 1989.
Boyd,1961.
Press, 1931.

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VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT

ext Int Ext Int

ext Int Ext Int

ext Int Ext Int

Applied Linear Algebra

Laplace Transform and its Applications

Fourier Transform and its Applications

Advanced Integral Transform

Elementary Number Theory

Algebraic Number Theory

Special Functions - III

Note: (*) paper no 6002 scheme of teaching

ext Int Ext Int

156 364 24 56 180 420

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Finite Element Method

Advanced Operational Research

Non - Linear Programming

Digital signal processing

Advanced Number Theory

Analytic Number Theory

Introduction to Modern cryptography

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

Measure and Integration:

: Real & Complex Analysis 3rd edition McGraw-Hill, 1966.

: Measure theory and Integration, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1985.

5. T. M. Apostol : Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publication House - 1985.

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

: Complex Analysis (3rd edition), Springer - 1997

2. S. Ponnuswamy. : Foundation of Complex Analysis Narosa Pub. - 1997.

: Introduction to Complex Analysis Clarendon Press, Oxford -1990

: Functions of Complex Variable Springer - Narosa Pub.- 1990

5. R. V. Churchill : Introduction to Complex Variables

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

: Topology, PHI, 1966.

: Introduction to general Topology, Willey Eastern, 1963.

: General Topology, Van Nostrand, 1995.

: General Topology, Addison Wesley, 1970.

7. Crump W & Baker : Introduction to Topology, W.C. Brown, 1991.

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

Syllabus to be offered at M. Sc. Part-I Semester - I w.e.f. June 2010-11

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

: Advanced engineering Mathematics, John

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

Curves with Torsion:

: "Differential Geometry of 3-D", Radha Publishing, Calcutta.

: "Differential Geometry, 1994 Atma Ram and sons,

3. S.C. Mittal and D. C. Agrawal : Differential Geometry, Krishna Publication, 1976

: A Course in Differential Geometry and Lie Groups

: An Introduction to Modern Differential geometry,

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

Orthogonal Trajectories of a Systems of a Curves on a Surface, Pfaffian Differential Forms

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.

Introduction, Bisection Method, Iteration Methods Based on First Degree Equation,

: Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Addison-Wesley, 1970

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.