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    How Content Delivery Networks Work

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    tanmay_khanna
    A presentation that provides a brief insight into the architecture of the CDN, the topology networks used in most CDNs and how this all ties in throughout the history of CDNs.

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    How Content Delivery Networks Work

    Uploaded by

    tanmay_khanna
    135 views25 pages
    A presentation that provides a brief insight into the architecture of the CDN, the topology networks used in most CDNs and how this all ties in throughout the history of CDNs.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    A presentation that provides a brief insight into the architecture of the CDN, the topology networks used in most CDNs and how this all ties in throughout the history of CDNs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    135 views25 pages

    How Content Delivery Networks Work

    Uploaded by

    tanmay_khanna
    A presentation that provides a brief insight into the architecture of the CDN, the topology networks used in most CDNs and how this all ties in throughout the history of CDNs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    How do CDNs Work?

    Thomas Bower Michelle Zhao


    Tanmay Khanna Ali Yepifanova
    Imperial College London
    TopicsFest 2016

    22nd March, 2016

    The Problem

    Frustrating!

    What are CDNs?

    Content Distribution Networks


    Interconnected systems of servers
    Spread across the globe
    They can...
    Save copies of websites, files, and media
    Speed up websites
    Allow for more traffic

    Why do we need them?

    Scalable
    High-capacity
    Boosts
    performance
    Saves money
    Distributed

    Components in a CDN

    Origin Server
    Surrogate Servers
    Request Routing Mechanism

    How They Work

    First Request

    How They Work

    First Request

    Second Request

    Types of Selection Algorithms

    The types of selection algorithms fall into two general schemes:


    Active Schemes (with per-request monitoring)
    Passive Schemes (with routing tables).

    Active Scheme Routing

    Each user request is sent to a pool of request routers.


    The routers analyse each individual request.
    Over a dozen parameters are checked.

    Passive Scheme Routing

    Uses an information table to decide which surrogate server to


    redirect the request to.
    Maps each request to the appropriate surrogate server.

    Passive Scheme Routing

    Table: Routing Information Table

    Client
    Location
    Europe
    America
    Asia
    Africa

    Distance from Surrogate Locations


    New York Paris
    New Delhi
    120
    30
    160
    30
    120
    200
    160
    160
    60
    160
    100
    120

    Passive Scheme Routing

    Table: Routing Table

    Client Location
    Europe
    America
    Asia
    Africa

    Surrogate Server Location


    Paris
    New York
    New Delhi
    Paris

    Topology of CDNs

    Definition
    Topology is the study relating to the internal structure of a
    network.
    For optimal performance, distribution of end nodes is
    important
    There are two approaches - co-location and network-core

    Topology of CDNs
    Co-location Approach

    Nodes are scattered


    Low capacity

    Efficient in low-connectivity
    areas

    Closer proximity to user

    High maintenance cost

    Topology of CDNs
    Network-core Approach

    Nodes are consolidated

    Large data centres

    High capacity

    Fewer locations

    Performs better under


    hacker attack

    History
    Who is This?

    History
    First Generation CDNs

    Server farms and proxy caching kick things off


    CDNs extremely expensive
    Focus on optimising physical proximity to servers
    Transition from copper to fiber wiring
    Most content on the web is static

    Static vs. Dynamic

    History
    Second Generation CDNs

    Content becoming richer and more dynamic


    Users have faster connections and better hardware
    Demand for quicker internet increasing
    Strain on First Generation CDNs
    Consolidated topology more prevalent than scattered
    Still not that affordable...

    History
    Third Generation CDNs

    Anyone with a website can use CDN services


    Main challenge is distributing mobile content
    One approach is replacing HTTP
    Topology is highly consolidated for security reasons

    What next?

    Want to Learn More?

    To find out more, please visit our website.


    http://howcdns.work

    References I
    1

    Sipat Triukose, Zhihua Wen, Michael Rabinovich. Content Delivery Networks: How Big is Big Enough?,
    Case Western Reserve University. 2009. Available from:
    http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.413.7099&rep=rep1&type=pdf [Accessed 28th
    February 2016]

    Incapsula. The Essential CDN Guide CDN Infrastructure. Available from:


    https://www.incapsula.com/cdn-guide/cdn-architecture.html [Accessed 2nd March 2016]

    Akamai. About Akamai Facts and Figures. Available from:


    https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/facts-figures.jsp [Accessed 2nd March 2016]

    Sipat Triukose, Zhihua Wen, Michael Rabinovich. Measuring a Commercial Content Delivery Network,
    Case Western Reserve University. 2011. Available from:
    http://wwwconference.org/proceedings/www2011/proceedings/p467.pdf [Accessed 28th February 2016]

    Akamai. Akamai Reveals 2 Seconds as the New Threshold of Acceptability for E-Commerce Web Page
    Response Times. Available from: https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2009-press/akamaireveals-2-seconds-as-the-new-threshold-of-acceptability-for-ecommerce-web-page-response-times.jsp
    [Accessed 19th March 2016]

    Kit Eaton. How One Second Could Cost Amazon $16bn in Sales. Available from:
    http://www.fastcompany.com/1825005/how-one-second-could-cost-amazon-16-billion-sales [Accessed 19th
    March 2016]

    DMJ Web Design. Prepare for Website Traffic Spikes. Available from:
    http://dmjcomputerservices.com/blog/prepare-for-website-traffic-spikes/ [Accessed 19th March 2016]

    Todd Wasserman. Coca-cola, Acura Websites Crashed During Superbowl. Available from:
    http://mashable.com/2012/02/06/coca-cola-acura-websites-crashed-during-superbowl/#S9xYMWXp0EqC [Accessed 19th March
    2016]

    References II
    9

    Mukaddim Pathan. Content Delivery Network (CDN) Research Directory. Available from:
    http://www.cloudbus.org/cdn/RD/CDNs.html. [Accessed 1st March 2016]

    10

    Nicholas C. Zakas. How content delivery networks (CDNs) work. Available from:
    https://www.nczonline.net/blog/2011/11/29/how-content-delivery-networks-cdns-work/. [Accessed 17th
    February 2016]

    11

    Dinesh C. Verma. Selecting the Right Site in a CDN In: Content Distribution Networks An Engineering
    Approach. Wiley Interscience. 2002.

    12

    Stef Van Der Ziel. Multi CDN: Active Request Routing. Available from:
    https://www.streamzilla.com/multi-cdn-active-request-routing. [Accessed 10th March 2016]

    13

    Srini CR. CDNs: Not on the Last Mile Yet. Available from:
    http://tatacommunications-newworld.com/?p=2251 [Accessed 21st March 2016]

    14

    Akamai Technologies Company History; How Akamai got its start. Akamai. Available from:
    https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/company-history.jsp [Accessed 17th February 2016]

    15

    Buyya R, Pathan M, Vakali A. Content Delivery Networks. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin
    Heidelberg; 2008.

    16

    Goran andrli. The History of Content Delivery Networks. Globaldots. Available from:
    http://www.globaldots.com/the-history-of-content-delivery-networks-cdn/ [Accessed 20th February 2016]

    17

    Bourreau M, Cambini C, Doan P. Access regulation and the transition from copper to fiber networks in
    telecoms. Journal of Regulatory Economics. 2014;45(3): 233-258. Available from:
    doi:10.1007/s11149-014-9245-z [Accessed 1st March 2016]

    18

    NTT Communications. The Value of a CDN. Available from:


    http://www.us.ntt.net/downloads/papers/TheV alueo fa C DN2 010.pdf [Accessed9thMarch2016]DanRayburn.

    19

    How Mobile Acceleration Works: An Inside Look At Cotendos Newly Announced Service. StreamingMedia.
    Weblog. Available from: http://blog.streamingmedia.com/2011/06/how-mobile-acceleration-works-aninside-look-at-cotendos-newly-announced-service.html [Accessed 9th March
    2016]

    Thank you for listening.


    Any questions?

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