Palaganas v. Palaganas

IN RE: IN THE MATTER OF THE PETITION TO APPROVE THE WILL OF
RUPERTA PALAGANAS WITH PRAYER FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF

SPECIAL ADMINISTRATOR, MANUEL MIGUEL PALAGANAS and
BENJAMIN GREGORIO PALAGANAS vs. ERNESTO PALAGANAS
Philippines. The present case, said the CA, is different from reprobate, which
refers to a will already probated and allowed abroad. Reprobate is governed by
different rules or procedures. Unsatisfied with the decision, Manuel and
Benjamin came to this Court.
This case is about the probate before Philippine court of a will executed abroad
by a foreigner although it has not been probated in its place of execution.
Issue:
Facts:
1.
Ruperta C. Palaganas, a Filipino who became a naturalized United States (U.S.)

citizen, died single and childless. In the last will and testament she executed in
California, she designated her brother, Sergio C. Palaganas, as the executor of
her will for she had left properties in the Philippines and in the U.S.
2.
Ernesto C. Palaganas, another brother of Ruperta, filed with the Regional Trial
Court (RTC) of Malolos, Bulacan, a petition for the probate of Rupertas will and
for his appointment as special administrator of her estate.
3.
However, Manuel Miguel Palaganas and Benjamin Gregorio Palaganas, nephews

of Ruperta, opposed the petition on the ground that Rupertas will should not
be probated in the Philippines but in the U.S. where she executed it. Manuel
and Benjamin added that, assuming Rupertas will could be probated in the
Philippines, it is invalid nonetheless for having been executed under duress and
without the testators full understanding of the consequences of such act.
Ernesto, they claimed, is also not qualified to act as administrator of the
estate.
4.
RTC issued an order: (a) admitting to probate Rupertas last will; (b)
appointing respondent Ernesto as special administrator at the request of
Sergio, the U.S.-based executor designated in the will; and (c) issuing the
Letters of Special Administration to Ernesto.
5.
Aggrieved by the RTCs order, petitioner nephews Manuel and Benjamin

appealed to the Court of Appeals (CA), arguing that an unprobated will
executed by an American citizen in the U.S. cannot be probated for the first
time in the Philippines.
6.
CA rendered a decision, affirming the assailed order of the RTC, holding that
the RTC properly allowed the probate of the will, subject to respondent
Ernestos submission of the authenticated copies of the documents specified in
the order and his posting of required bond. The CA pointed out that Section 2,
Rule 76 of the Rules of Court does not require prior probate and allowance of
the will in the country of its execution, before it can be probated in the
Whether or not a will executed by a foreigner abroad may be probated in the

Philippines although it has not been previously probated and allowed in the
country where it was executed.
Held:
Our laws do not prohibit the probate of wills executed by foreigners abroad
although the same have not as yet been probated and allowed in the countries
of their execution. A foreign will can be given legal effects in our jurisdiction.
Article 816 of the Civil Code states that the will of an alien who is abroad
produces effect in the Philippines if made in accordance with the formalities
prescribed by the law of the place where he resides, or according to the
formalities observed in his country.
In this connection, Section 1, Rule 73 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
provides that if the decedent is an inhabitant of a foreign country, the RTC of
the province where he has an estate may take cognizance of the settlement of
such estate. Sections 1 and 2 of Rule 76 further state that the executor,
devisee, or legatee named in the will, or any other person interested in the
estate, may, at any time after the death of the testator, petition the court
having jurisdiction to have the will allowed, whether the same be in his
possession or not, or is lost or destroyed.
Our rules require merely that the petition for the allowance of a will must show,
so far as known to the petitioner: (a) the jurisdictional facts; (b) the names,
ages, and residences of the heirs, legatees, and devisees of the testator or
decedent; (c) the probable value and character of the property of the estate;
(d) the name of the person for whom letters are prayed; and (e) if the will has
not been delivered to the court, the name of the person having custody of it.
Jurisdictional facts refer to the fact of death of the decedent, his residence
at the time of his death in the province where the probate court is sitting, or if
he is an inhabitant of a foreign country, the estate he left in such province. The
rules do not require proof that the foreign will has already been allowed and
probated in the country of its execution.
In insisting that Rupertas will should have been first probated and allowed by
the court of California, petitioners Manuel and Benjamin obviously have in mind
the procedure for the reprobate of will before admitting it here. But, reprobate
or re-authentication of a will already probated and allowed in a foreign country
is different from that probate where the will is presented for the first time
before a competent court. Reprobate is specifically governed by Rule 77 of the
Rules of Court. Contrary to petitioners stance, since this latter rule applies only
to reprobate of a will, it cannot be made to apply to the present case. In
reprobate, the local court acknowledges as binding the findings of the foreign
probate court provided its jurisdiction over the matter can be established.
Besides, petitioners stand is fraught with impractically. If the instituted heirs

do not have the means to go abroad for the probate of the will, it is as good as
depriving them outright of their inheritance, since our law requires that no will
shall pass either real or personal property unless the will has been proved and
allowed by the proper court.
Petition DENIED!

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IN RE: IN THE MATTER OF THE PETITION TO APPROVE THE WILL OF

RUPERTA PALAGANAS WITH PRAYER FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF

Ruperta C. Palaganas, a Filipino who became a naturalized United States (U.S.)

However, Manuel Miguel Palaganas and Benjamin Gregorio Palaganas, nephews

Aggrieved by the RTCs order, petitioner nephews Manuel and Benjamin

Whether or not a will executed by a foreigner abroad may be probated in the

Besides, petitioners stand is fraught with impractically. If the instituted heirs

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