THE COVENANTS

THEIR MEDIATORS AND THE

SIN-OFFERINGS

By M.L McPHAIL

CHICAGO

1909

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. .THE co'VENANTS

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:;. <JHEIR. MEDIATORS AND THE ..

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.M~. L McPHAiL..
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CHICAGO '
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Corrr.1r.11T 1!Ill!\
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PRl~F:\CE.

The Sl1bjcct of the cuvcnanls, the mediatorship of our

Loni Jesus Christ. and the relationship of the members
of the Church to thci r Head and i\ laster in the eternal
purposes of Goel, arc being- widely studied and discussed
;unong the friends, not only in this. lmt also in other
lands. I ndcc<l it seems to be the Lor<l's will at lhis time
that the true teachings of the Dible 011 these subjects .
should be more clearly and fully undcrstoocl and appreciated. for He has stirred up various Bible students,
widely separated, to gi\'C these matters their special attention and study, such studying for the most part being
done indepcrn.lcntly and without any knowledge that
others were similarly engaged. Ami the conclusions
reached bv these students have been the same.
This tract is the result of the collabor ation of a number
of such 11ible students. to whom the unclcrsigned gratefully acknowle<l~es his indebtedness for many valuable
suggestion s and for a large portion of what herein
appears. To them also is he indebted for making possible,
through their kind assistance, the publication of this tract.
May the Lord greatly bless the'm for the pains they have
taken. and as they study more and more the \Vord of
the Lord. may His grace ancl love abound to\\'ard th~m
richly, am] may their love increase continually, not only
for the L:.r<l and his children, and for their beloved
Saviour :-.n<l l\ifccliator, but also for all their fellow-men,
memlicrs of the human family, ancl may they hy their lives
show forth that spirit of love ancl of self-sacrifice which
the 1vfaster exemplified in his own life-the pattern for
all whn wo11lcl follow in his steps.
3

PR E'F A f'E.

This tract is sen! forth in lh<: hope 1hat it may lit: the
111l'ans of assisting srnne of the Loni's cl1ildn:11 i11 their
search ior further lid1t 111 the:->e subicds, and that il
111ay aid in s11lvi11g- son'it 11f the ptq1k:xi1ig questious which
may haYe htr<:t11ior<: arisen in cw1111.cti1J11 with thtst
111allcrs.
To all our rea1krs we wut1ld say: Stud\ thest: 111alt<:rs
\'cry cardully. without prl'judic<:. with 111i"11<1s inknt only
upon lrn11wi11g- thl.'. t rnilt. and we b<:li1\'<: th<: hlcssi11g- oi
the l.nrd will ho: \\'ilh ,nu aln1111la111h. :\nd when ,.,Ht
have <:111111 tn st't' the 1i:1rn1r>11y pf th~: views herein linsenttd with the Scrip1urc:-. and In naliz<: more tha11 t'\'l'I'
1hc i!l'<':tl 1kl1t whid1 \\'t' all oWt' tn <H1r I .nnl and Savit>nr
Jesus Christ. may the l .onl stn.ngthen ym1 for the test-;
which come t1pm1 all of the I .ont's true d1ildrc11 when
they stand forth fnr the truth. ;\ray the loving care of
our Father c\'er surround \'()ti. thal ,ou ma\ finish ,onr
course with joy. a111l in ;111<' time he ;icccptcd in" th<'
Beloved.
You:-s in the bksscd service of our Re1ke111cr.

M. L. l\lcPJ ! A IL .

706 W . 671h Ooul'cl.

Chic;ig-o. Ill.

Views on the Covenants, their Mediators, and the Sin-Offerings.

INTRODUCT!Ol\.
He who would rightly understand the \Vorel of God
111ust, in his studies of it, lay aside all prejudice, all preconceived views, iu so far as possible; otherwise the words
of Scripture often will be given a coloring, a meaning,
not meant to be conveyed by the Lord, au<l types and
hidden meanings will be found which were never
designed by the Lord; as a result, the whole general view
uf the plans an<l purposes of God, an<l of various parts in
particular, will be distorted an<l misumlcrstoo<l. llut he
\\'ho, with mind an<l heart intent only upon knowing what
the Lord's will is concerning himself and the other members of the human family, approaches the study of the
Lor<ls \Vorel without preconceived notions a.c; to its teachings, will be rewarded richly; for the Father is ever
pleased with those who strive to know Him better and to
clo His \\'ill more perfectly.
With !he Proleslant Reformation a g-reat era of iliblc
study !Jcgan. nrave 111Cll, frarlcss of what the ' COllSC(jllellces might he, boldly challengecl many of the former
views suppostcl to be lau~ht h_v the Scriptures. l\fany
nrors were cliscarclccl as the result of such Dible studying. Unfortunately, however, around each prominent
reformer there gathered a group of people who, without
5

li

deep study on their own part, accepted as Lruth thal which

such rcfurmer set forth as truth. Thus they 111i:;scd llic
hkssi11g which co1rn:s to all who study the niulc i11dcpcmlcntly, under the guidance of the Loni, and they also
failed to delect such errors as were fanght IJy the reformers.
In our own day the same tendency exists. namely. for
a body of people to gather around the tcaching-s uf stmH.:
man who is. or profcssl'S to he. a deep student uf thL
Bible. J\nd the same con ditions arise-the teachings of
such a man an.: accepted as !icing the trnth. and all other
views arc held to be lrror, without a carciul and serious
and unbiased study o f the Scriptures being made to ascertain what they really teach 011 the doctrines and points
invoked. ~\ml again. such penpk fail lo get the blessing
which. comes only to those who, with minds and hearts
unbiased. seek for the true understantling- of God's \Von!.
independently of what may have been prc\iously taught.
\.Ve think the advice contained in the fnlluwing e:xtract
from I he l ract "l'rotestanls t\ wake .. to he excellent 1111
this puinl, and urge our readers lo follow il in the consideration of the subjects cliscussccl in this tract, ancl in
the study of all other subjects pertaining lo matters of
faith and of religion:
"We c:xlwrt all of ( ;od's true Cl111rd1-the Otlt'
Church, which inclmlcs all consecralc<I hclicvers-tn
awake to' the principles of'thc Reformation, lo a recognition of the right nf i11diPid11al j11dgl/lc11t upon religious questions. . . /\ncl he sure that ynu believe and
confess nothing- that you clo 1wt 111ufrr.{/u11d flllly anti
dcarl.1. . . Require of all who shall atkmpl to lt'ach
in the 11a111e of the Lord, the tx;,cl words of thl' l .nnl
11r the t\postk which they daim s11ppnrl ll1lir tcarliing'. Get Ilic cliaf'ltr 1111d <'l'rS1' and 10111.- tl1c 11111/l(r
II/' for ;.011rs1ltcs, rritically c.ra111i11i11g the test 11111/
the co11tc.rt. \Vcigh and test cry item of tcachingwhich you receive as your foith, REC/\1{DLESS OF

OUR VJEWS llHIEPLY STA'l'ED.

"I

HOW i\TUCH YOU ESTEEl\1 THE PERSON

WHO !'RESENTS IT.

We know that no fellow-

monal is infallible, ancl that Go<l's wore! is THE

ONLY .5TANDARD by which he wishes us to square
and me;:.sure and build up om faith."
\\'e trust that such will he the attitude of all who stuclr
this tra-::t and who search the Scriptures on these matters
in order to more perfectly understand the features of the
Loni's plan her.:in :::ct iorth. Examine the Scriptures
cardully, seeking- to learn whal were the thou~hts which
the Lord intcndc<I to be conveyed. Study over the context carcfully. strive to grasp the thought of the writer;
take the wonlo:; of the Scriptures as they stand, and <lo
not strive to make them fit in with ;..ome preconceived
view, hy changing the tenses of the verbs or by limiting
the meaning of the words, unless the context warrants
such action. Hy thus following the ~encral line of argument in any particular portion of Scripture, and by noting
the meaning of the words as used in such passages, a
clearer and truer under!'ta11ding of the teachings of the
Hihlc will be reachccl. :\tar all our readers seek and
attain such freedom. which- should he a part of that
"liberty of the sons of God" of which the Apostle speaks!

OUR VIEWS DRIEfLY STATED.

In orc.lcr that the reader- may understand what we

believe the nible to teach regarding the subjects discussed in this tract. we will first state briefly our views.
\Ve understand the Scriptures to teach that the Abrahamic Covenant, common!\ callee! the Oath-bound
1'rmnise, w:u an unconditional promise made to Abraham
hy Jd1ovah, in whirh God promised 1\hraha111 that, bcrausl' of his nhl'dienct' in offcring up his son Isaac, he
woulcl greatly hlC'SS him. and through his seed would
hlcss all the families of the earth. Goel, when He made
t hi.; promi;;e nr rovenanL hnnncl 11 imsC'l f hy His oath to

\'llrn't> 0:\ TH8 CO\'l:;.>;r,\NT::;, 1-:'J'<.'.

fulfill it, but did nol :-pcci fy when that promise or

covc11ant would be fulfilled, or just who the scc<l should
be. \ \' e undcrstaml that Go<l alone was buu1H.l I.ff, and
was Ull<kr this covenant, and that no memher
the
h11ma11 r.tcc was, or b, or could
under iL
The Law Covenant was an agreement 111ad1: lu:twecn
God and the Jewish Nation, cu11tai11i11g 11wtual promises
and mul 11al co1u.li1 ions tu bL carrie~l uut b1 buth Cod and
the Jewish Natiou. \Ve urnkrstall(f thai ( ;ud usLd the
Law Cuvcnanl as a 111ea111- tu puint uut to thc Jt:ws that
by their own works they co11l l not hupe tu ~ain life. and
tu point forward Lu Jesus Christ alum: as the une through
whum they might hupc to olJtain life an<l farnr with
Go<l. \Ve also believe that the Law Covenant was inte11rled to he a type of the J\ ew Covenant.
The l\ ew Covenant, \ve umlerstand the Scriptures to
teach, is that arrangement or means by which God proposes to carry out the :Jncomlitional. Oath-boun<l Promise
made to Abraham; we understan<l that <luring thi"
Gospel Age God is selecting the Seed uf :\lJrah<tlll 111c11tio11ed in the Abrahamic Covenant, this selection being
made by and under the operation oi the New Covenant,
which was established by Jesus Christ am! scaled by His
blood, called thL "blood of the New Covenant"; we
believe that the blcssiugs \\'hich have come to the members of the Church <luring the Gospel Age arc the blessings of the K cw Covenant ; that the members of the
Church arc unclcr the l\ew Covenant, and that Jesus
Christ, the i\iccliator of the Ne\"/ Covenant, is the
Mediator of the members of His Church.
\Ve bclicn:, further, that the Scriptures kach that the
New Covenant \\'ill continue to operate in the l\lillcnnial
Age, and that u11der it the blessing uf all the families of
the earth will lake place, as prc111isc{l in the Abrahan1i1.:
Covenant to Abraham. \Ve al,;o believe that Jcs11s Christ
alone is the 1Icdiator of the :.J~w Covenant, and that
the members of His Church arc in no sense a 1>art of the

uc

of

THE COVENANTS.

Mediator, i>ut that to them is given the privilege of

proclaiming Him as the Mediator to all who are willing
lo acccpl Him as such.
We shall take up various points in connection with
these sui>jccts, and shall consi<lcr lhcm at length, presenting the Scriptures on each point as the basis of our
liclicf respecting them.
\V c trust that all earnest Iliulc stulicnls will carefully
weigh each argm11e11t and will seek diligently to find out
whether these things be so. "l'rnvc all things, hold fast
thal which is ~ood; Try the spirits (doctrines), whether
lhcy arc of (jucl."' 1 Thess. 5: 2 r ; l John 4: I.
TJJE CU\"ENANTS.
Let us first inquire. vVhat is a covenant?
Scripture an<l the English language both use tl1e word
covenant in two ways. First, as signifying a promise.
Second. as signifying an ag-reement. As an instance
where lhe word is used in the Bible in the sense of a
promise. we refer to Gen. 9: 9-11 . where Goel, without
any conditions, promised that "neither shall all flesh be
cut off any more by the waters of a Aoocl," etc. This is
called ''the everlasti11g covenant between God and every
living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth," (Gen.
9: 16), altJ1ough it is entirely unconditional, Jehovah
alone being bound by or .under it.
The Law Covenant is a goptl example of the use of
the word covenant in the sense of an agreement. In
law the word means "an agreement under" sca1." and of
this kine! was the L1w Co\'enant, as an examination of
Exo<l. 24: 3-8 will n.atlily show. as will also Exod.
19: 3-8. The Apostle Paul. in Romans ro: 5, tells us of
this agreement and its terms. briefly. saying, "Moses
describes the righteousness which is of the Law [Covenant 1 that the man which <loeth those thin~s shall live
by them."

10

\'ll:W~

ON 'l'l!E COVENAN'I'::>, Jo:'l'C.

\VIJJ\T IS MEANT llY l:EING UNDER A

COVENANT?

\hat clues iL mean to be under a co venant ? This is

a question the answer of which we 111ust know, if we

wish lo ascertain, in the cu11sidcration o[ any covcnaut,
whether or 110L we be unde r that covc11a11l.
To Le umlcr a covenant means to be houncl Ly the
rcquire111c11ts or co11diLiu11s of s uch covenant ; it means
that certain oLligalions o r d11lics have been ass11111ccl hy
the party ur parties lo the covc11a11I. J\s an example, sec
Rrnnans ~ : 19: Now we kno w llial what things sucvcr
the Law l Covc11a11t-Uc11t. 4 : 13 j sai l h, il saith lo them
who arc under the Law LCovenant j ." 'Ne rccug11izc that
the l cws were under the Law Covenant because they
had agreed Lo keep its n:quircmcnts, or lo do what "it
saith," as set forth in Dcul. 26: 1(1-19.
As with the Law Covena11t , s<i with other covenants;
those who arc 1111da any cove11a11l arc such as arc hound
uy the terms or conclilio11s of such cnvcnanl, obligatc<l
to car r'y ou t certain rcqui re111c11ts.

TII E A URA lli\J\HC COV l ~N 1\ NT,

Let us 11ow consiclcr the Ahrnhamic Covenant or
Promise; what it was, who were under it or bound hy
il, CIC.
Some have su pposed that the members of the Church
of Christ arc unde r the J\hrahamic Covc11:u1l, ancl that
as this covenant bad no 111ccliator, thcv therefo re have uo
mcclialor; that is. that no 111c<lialo 1: w as 11ccessary to
s tand hctwccn them and Cocl lo make peare hct wcc11
them and l lim, to reconcile them to Cod. We hclicvc
this view to be very unscriptllral, and will cnclcavor so to
show i11 the foll o wing pa~cs.
A certain a11101111t of confusion has also arisen in the
minds of some nf lhc fricnc\ s hccnusc of a failure to clis-

trNDTm TIIB AilTIAllAMH' COYENAN'l'.

11

Linguish Lel ween the conditional covenants made with

Abraham, as rccor<le<l in Gei1. 12: 1-3, an<l Gen. 17: 1-13,
which covenants were not confirmed with an oath, and
the Unconditional or Oath-bouncl Covenant, or Promise,
set forth in Gen. 22: 16-18, where we read:
"J:v myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, for
hec:nisc Lliou hast <lone this thing, and bast not withheld thy son, thine only son;
Thal in blcssin~ I will blc!>S thee, and in multiplying
I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven,
and as the sand which is upon the seashore; and thy
seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;
t\nd in thv seed shall all the nations of the earth be
hks~ul; bcci111sc 1/Jo11 liasi obrycd my voice."
That tltis is the Oath-bound Promise or Covenant is
shown by Heb. 6: IJ-17:
For when Goel made promise to Abraham, bccau.;c
he could swear by 110 greater, he sware by himself,
Saying, Surely hlessing I will bless thee, and multiplying- I will 1miltiply thee.
/\nd so. aLer he had patiently endured, he obtaineC:
lhe promise.
For men verily swear by the greater; ancl an oaH
for cunfirmatitm is lo !hem an end of all strife.
Wherein Goel. willing more abundantly to shew untc
the h<'irs of promise th<' immutability of his counsel
conllrmccl it by an oath."
In Gal. 3: 18 we also read that "Goel gave it to Abra
ham hy promise."
\VTTO WERE lTNDER TIIE AnRAII/\MTC
COVENANT ?
Kteping- in mind that to lie 11111lcr a covenant means l
he bound by its conditions or re<jltircmcnls, let us ast
no these, or any Scriptures, teach that Abraham wa
11111kr this covenant?
\.Vas th<'rc anything rcfJttirecl o

li

\' ll~\\'l:) (),' \ 'l'lrn

l'l)\' l:l\.\l'iT~ .

l;TC'.

expected uf hi111 htcau:-.e of lhi" rovc11a111? lJ11I bl.'.

pro1111sl.'. ur agTcc l11 <111 ;111ythi11g in 11r 1111clcr or liccau:-1
nf thi:-. covt1iant? To these qt1c:,lio11s \\'l.'. aic c1J111pclkd
l.Jy the !:>cripturcs lo auswcr that J\hrah;un prcimisld
11uthi11g-. agreed lo du 11uthi11i.;1 :11:1:eplcd 110 comlili1111.;,
hou11cl hi111sclf i11 1ic1 wny, in this wvc11a11l. The Scripture:-. 11uwlwn: leach nr imply that t\hraham was unt!n
this 1:ovc11a11l 1 "r that ltc was 111ul<.:r CJhli~,1 ti o11s lo do
a11ythi11g- l1c1:ause of il, or Lhal a11yl hi11g \\'as 1x1wcled or
required of hi111 bccau!-.c of it. l:vrn a Mtptrticial txa111i11aliu11 uf this cuvc11a11l will shnw ll1al it w:1s an 1111co11cfitio1wf prv111i.te, there hti11g 110 cc 111tliti1111s i111posecl 11po11
Abraham. \Ve quule the follu\\'inJ! fr1111t "The Watc.:h
Tower," t\pril l, 190CJ. pai,:c IC.XJ, coh11n11 1, as agreeing
with this view:
''The one l CO\'cuattl I with J\braha111 was 1111r1111tlitio1wl. <;mt said: 'l will,' etc.; ancl allhuug-h that
was the t\liraha111ic cnve11 a11t, 1\liralta111 was in no w;i\'
obli ~attd. . . . lt was nut l\lirah:1111's covenant, h1i1
(;mi's l'lllin:ly; and fnr this n:asrnt il had 110 111cdialor. . . . ' 1\ tltl'dialor is 11ul 1Jf c111e' (<..;al. 3:20),
or, 1111t 11cu:ssary \\'here Lhlrc was rJ11l y 011c parly
co11l rat:ling-, as i11 lit(! rnse of lite i\hrahamic lO\'t'
11anl. 1 '
Thus 1l is sel'll that it wa:.; not 1\11raha111 's covenant.
an<l that 1\braham was lllll a t:1111tracli11g party lo the
1'hraha111ic or < >ath-lmu111l Covenant or Promise, and
was lhcrcfurc 110L buuncl hy it or 11ndcr it.
For the :.ame reason that J\braha111 was not, aml could
uni he, nrnkr that covenant. neither Isaac. his sun, nor
Jcs11~ l'hri~l. lllll' any 1m:111litr cir the <'h11rc.:l1, nur any
111c1nhcr 1Jf the world, could he 1111tlc r llial t.:ovcnanl nr
pn1111isc.
Th1. only om olilig-alcd l1y t ltc 1\ hraliamic Covenant.
1111dcr it. and bou11cl hy it, was ( ;m\ hi111-;etr, I k pro111isi11J..:'
lo bring- alio11l cntain blc s~ings, \\ ltich I le, by thi'
co\'enanl, and by l lis oa th. was lirn1111l to fulfil l.

UNDF.TI THE ATITtAll1UllC' COVF.NANT.

13

lie it also 110Lell that the :Scriptures do not say that

this rnvc11a11L was made tt"ii/1 Abrahanr, but rather. that
it was made la him , being- a promise only, as we read in
lkh. (1: 13, "Fo r when Cod 111adi: pro111isc lo Abraham,
because ltc could swear liy 110 grc;.tlcr, he swarc by himself, sayi11g-, Surely hlessin~ I will bless thee, and mulliplyi11g l will 111ultiply thn:.
.
In view of the fact ah11ve 110Led, that there were 11<1
condilinns alt ached lo Ihe /\ hraha111k Covenant, how
thc11 ca11 il he clain1cd that the 1ne111hcrs of the Church
a re under i l ? The nic1uhcrs n ( I he Church are under
vario11~ rnnditions 111 11hlig-atio11!'. a few of which arc
expressed i11 the following Scriptures:
"Wl)rk 011L rour ow11 salval io11 wilh fear and trembling-." l'hil..:!:12 .
.. Know ye not Lhal they which run in a race run
all, I.mi one rcccivcth lite prize? So run, that ye may
obtain." I Cnr. CJ: 24.
"/\ml w hosocvcr doth nol bca r his cross, and come
after me, cannot be my disciple.. So likewise. whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he
hath. he cannot lic my disciple." Luke r4: 271 33.
"If we su ITer. we shal I also reign with him; if we
den\ him, he also will deny us." 2 Tim. 2: 12.
"i\ncl if chilclren, then hc;rs: heirs of God. and jointhcirs with Christ: if so he that wc suffer with him,
that we may be also g-loritiecl together." Rom. 8: i7.
Sec also ReY. 2: 10: 2 Pct. 1: 10: Matt. 7: 2r; Gal.

8-9.
"Who will render Lo every man according to his
DEED~. T o them who by patient continuance in well
J)() J NC; seek for g-lory and honm1 r and immortality,
eternal life." Rom. 2: (i-7.
"Take heed unto t11,sclf. aml unto the doctrine;
co11Lii111c in tltem: for iii DOING this t hou shalt both
s;wc thyself. and them that hear thee." I Tim. 4: 16.
"Tn hirn lhat mrrco111cth will T grant to sit with

(j:

14

vrnws

O:N TIIB CO\'ENJ\N'I'S,

g'l'c.

111c in 111y Lhnmc, even as l also ovcn:a111c, an<l am

set. down wilh iny Falla:r in his Lhro11c. Jkv. 3: 2 l.
Sec also Mall. (,:24-34; t John 2:15-17; l !'cl.
2: 21.

These and many other Scriptures clearly lcadt lltal

!here :.ire ccrlain w ndilinns whirlt 111nsl he ftllfillccl l>y
the 111cllllicrs uf lite Cltt1rd1, before lhcv can n:cl'ivc Lhc
blcssi11g-s pro111isl'd l1y tit..: Loni. I\ul il1crc arc 110 wnclitio11s :.ittacht<l Lu tlw Aliraltamic Covcnanl. Thcrcfun!,
the members of tltc Clt11rd1, hcing- 11111kr \:(.'rlai11 c1111ditio11s1 cannot he tmckr Lhc t\liralt;unic L"1>vrna11t 1 which
has 110 co11ditio11s.
Tu <tdd these c1111di1iu11s Lu the l latlt-brn1nd l'ro111isc
and then Lo call Lhe111 the /\hraltan1ic C11ve11a11t is not
only unscriptmal hul a disol>cdiencc lo t;od and Lo His
Word. ln Gal. 3: LS the Apostle says, "Brethren, 1
speak after tile 111a11ncr of iuen; t houg-h it he lml a man's
covenant, yet if it be conlirmcd, 110 111an disannulleth or
addcth thereto." We :ire told plainly by the Scriptnrcs
that God confirmed the Abrahamic Covenant, t Gal.
3: 17), and 110 one has a right lo add a si11glc won! or
condition to it. J\nyo11c so doin~ disobeys Goel. '
The conditions set forth in the foregoing Scriptures
as cfTccting lhc Churrh, arc a part of the New CoVl'llanl,
which we will consider 111orc fully later.
It is true thal Jesus Christ and the Church arc called
the Seed of Abraham, and heirs according lo the pro111ise
(Gal. 3: 29), but this is cnli rely di !Icrenl from l>ci11g1111df!r the Abrahamic Covenant, or bound by it.
indeed,
as just shown, there arc no conditions lo that covenant
by which they could he bound. They arc the scccl 111entione<l in the promise, which !';eed Go<l will use in the
.Millennial Age for the purpose of blessing Lhe remainder
of the workl. The Church, however, could not even
exist as the "Seed" until the provision for reconciling
sinners had been accomplished th rough lite New Cove-

UNDEH TIIB ADTIAHAMJC COVENANT.

15

nant, for the Church was lo I.Jc selected from those

justilicd one~ who once were si11ncrs IJut had been
clea11:;cd and rcscue<l from that stale by the blood of the
New C(lv<.:nanl.
111 view o[ the foregoing il will he readily seen that
the thought held by some. tltal the Church has no meclialor btrnusc it is under the J\brahamic Covenant, which
had 110 llledialor, is 1101 a scriptural one , seeing that the
Cliurrh is 1wl 1111t!cr lite ./br111ta111it' Coi111a11t.
I .et it he abo 1111t1:cl that the lhon~ht that we have
110 111cdiator because 1\hralta111 had none, would lead to
the fu llowill~ propusitio11s, whit:h arc jnst as valid as
it is:
If wt have no f\lcdiator, lu.:ca11sc J\hraltam had none,
then we haw 110 I I iglt l'ricsl, licca11se Abraham had
llOllC j

WC

ha vc no 1111dcr-pricsl s, bcc:wsc Abraham had

WC

have

11011e :

110

Tabernacle. because :\braham had

llOllC :

J\brahnm

had

We have no l nttrcessor. 'Jicca11sc J\ hrahan1

had

WC

havt:

110

.\dvucatt',

because

11011C ;

11011{';

hcca 11sc .'\hraham had

llll Com fmlcr.
none;
we have 110 Ilead, becau~e J\hraham had none;
we have no sacrifices -offered for our sins, bemuse Abraham had none.
But we have all these tilings. The theory, therefore,
that because Abraham had 110 mediator we have none,
prmrs /no 11111ch, and n111sl be rejected as not proven l>y
!ht: Scriplnrc:->, ancl as hcing contrary to them. All of
the above c1111111crntccl blessings arc part of the New
Covenant, and if we have and enjoy them, wc also have
Jesus Christ as our mediator (Heb. 9: 1S; 12: 24), as wc
shall prove later.
we have

\' 11:\\'S ():-\ 'I' I! I: I 'O \'EN AN'!':-;, !o:'l'C.

1G

Let us 11tl\\" n111 ... id1:r 1111: ;\n, l 'm nia11I Thl purpose
of tills c11\'l't1a11t ha:- lin11 \nll \'\\lt'l""sl'd hy Brei.
J le1111i11~c:; , "" i11lluws:
"The New Lo\cna11l is the div111cl) :q1poi11tttl arrangocmc111 rur the acctllllplish111e11t or l>ulh p;1rts of the
Oath-lio1111d l'romisc made lo t\liraham; ( 1) to Lh1:
sl'l."tl; ( :.!) llirt111,::,lt the setrl.
1 lch. <>: 13. 1,1; tjcn.
2Z: 15-18.
( 1 ). J:y lllcans of the N<.:w t 'm111a111. 'rl111issi11n 11f
si11s' and i111pulali1111 of righllull ...11\'"s art p1mid1d in
the (;11spcl 1\~e. i11 11nkr that th11sl' 1cn:ivi11~ lhtsc
lic11cfils may lhcrehy he 111acl1.: 'holy ancl al'ceptalile'
unto (jod. . . . Uf these it is saicl, 'If \'e he Christ's.
then arc )'C 1\braham's Stcd, and heirs according- lu the

promise,' Gal. 3: 29. Without these gracious i\ cw

Covenant arrangements they . . . nmlcl not become
jnint-heirs with him of this lirst part of the oath-hou11tl
promise, '" hich is lu the Seed.
(2). lly 111ca11s of the New Cllvcnanl. this collective
'Seed,' having- r1:ccivcd its bkssi11g-, will hcsluw hlcssing-s upon all the fa111ilics of Ilic earth, granting Lo
thc111 in the !\I illt1111ial i\~e the opportunity of 're111issio11 or sins' a11d to attain act 11ally to physical perfection, which is only i111p11lctl for i;acri!ice purposes in
the l;ospcl Agt', thus fulfilling- llw other part of the
oath-hound promise Lhat //irn11,1.:./1 till' Seed all the
f:unilics of the earth shoul<l be blessed. Zech. 13: 1 ;
Heb. 8: 10-12; Rom. 8: 19-21; Jsa. 25:6-9; Jcr.
12:

14-17."

The New Covenant is staled in Jer. 31: 27-34, as

follows:
"llcholcl, the clays come, saith the Lord, that I will
sow the house of Israel ancl the ho11sc of I udah with
the seed of man, and with the seed of beast:
,'\net 1t shall come lo pas:;. that like as I have watched

Tn.P. NF.\\' C:OV1!:N ANT.

over the111, lo pluck np, anti lo lJrcak down, au<l tu

throw down, anti lo dcslruy, and to afflict; so will I
walch <Ver thc111 1 lo huild, a11cl lll plaut, saith the Lord.
In those days they shall say no 111ore, the fathers
have \.':tlen a sour grape, and the children's teclh an.:
set 011 edge.

i;ul cvcry one shall die fur his own iniquity: every
man thal ealcth Lill' sour ~rapc, his teeth shall be scl
011 edge.
J:ehuld, the days conic, saith the Lord, that l will
make a 11cw rnv~11a11t with lhc house of Israel. and
with thl' hn11sc qf Judah:
Nut an:orcli11~ tu the covcuanl that 1 111a<lc with thc:ir
fathers, in thc day that 1 took them by the hand, to
hring thetn out of the land of Egypt; which my
covcna11t they brake. allhou~h I was an husband unto
thc111, saith the Lord;
Uut this shall !Jc the covenant that l will make with
the house of Israel; After those eta vs, ~ait!1 the Lord,
1 will put my law in their inward j,arts, and write it
in their hearts: am! will be their God, ancl they shall
be my people.
1\11cl they shall tcach 110 more every man his neighbor, ancl every man his urnther. sa\"ing, Know the
Lore!: for lhc\" sliall all k11ow me. from the least of
the111 llnto the" ~realest of them. saith the Loni: for r
will forgive their iniq11ity. and J will remember their
sin 110 more."
This covena11t is also slated in Heb. 8: 8-12:
"For, fincling- fault with them, he saith, Behold, the
clays come. saith the Lord, when I will make a new
covenant with the house of Israel ancl w ith tl,le houi;e

of Ju<lah :

Not according to the covenant that l made with thei r

fathers in the day when I took them hy the hand to
lead them out of the lancl of Egypt; because they con-.
' ;'

18

vrnws ON

Trrt~

<;ovgNA:N'rs, F.Tl'.

Linued not in my covenanl, antl l reganlcd them not,

saith the Lord.
For lhis is the covenant that l will make with the
house of Israel after those days, saith the Lunt; J will
put my Laws into their mine!, and write them in their
hearts; a n<l I will he lo lhc111 a God, a nd they shall
to me a people:
And they shall not teach every man his neighbor,
anti every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord:
for all shall know 111e, from the least Lu the grealesl.
For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and
their iniquities will l re111c111ber 110 111orc."
And in lleb. 10: 12-18, thus:
''But this man , a(ler he had off cred one sacrifice for
sins forever, sat down 0 11 the rig ht hantl o f God;
From henccforlh expecting Lill his enemies be made
his footstool.
For by one offe ri ng he halh perfected forever them
that arc sanctified.
Whereof the Holy Spirit also is a witness lo us:
for after that he had said before,
This is lhe covenant that 1 will make with them
after those days, saith the Lord, I will pnt my laws
into their hearts, ancl in their minds will 1 write them:
And their sins a nd iniquities will I remember no
more.
Now where remission of these is, there is no more
offering for si'ii."

uc

AFTER THOSE DAYS.

One difficulty which some find in these texts .is in
conncclion with the words "aflcr those days," which arc
understood to mean "after the Gospel Age."
lt is r easoned that if the "New Covenant" is to lie
made after those days, that is, after the Gospel Age, after
the Church of the Firstborn is selected and glorified,

Al~mn

TITOS!: DAYS.

19

Lhen of course the view lhaL the members of the Church

arc beneficiaries uf the t\cw Covenant could not be true,
a11cl lhc New Covc11a11t, as some teach, would be conli1ll'd 111 Lhc i\l illcnnial t\gc.
Sn111c hold and tcad1 that this reference is mcaul lo
apply only to Israel an:orcling Lo the Ocsh, and that
Spiritual hrael is cxcluclctl.
.
llul these difficulties, as we will fine!; arc not because of
a11ythi11g in the text ilsclf. lmt because of theories which
have Ileen e11tC!rtai11rd, ancl hecause o{ a failure to follow
lhc example of Lhc 11ohlc I lt.:reans of old, who searched.
As will he readily SL'en, the key to a correct 1111c.lerstandi11g of this lcxl is funnel in the wore! ''111al:e.''
Strn11g's Exhaustive Concordance of the Biblt', under
the heading-, ''Greek Dictionary of the New Testament,"
explains that the word 111111.'c in this particular text
means :-''complete entirely." ''end," "finish." Ile also
explains that the word in the Greek is a composition of
two words, one of which he defines thus: "to encl, to
complete, tn conclude, to accomplish, to make nn en<l: to

finish.''
From this authority we concluclc that the Lhought in
this word "make"' is that Jchovah will CQtllplcle, finish
or hri11g- lo a conclttsion l he I N cw I Covenant with the
house of Israel; that as regards the lsrac! according to
the flesh this covenant will he con1pletecl or made after
the l;ospcl Ag-<'. The quotation in Hebrews 8: 10 is
from Jcr. 31: 27-34, whi"ch was ulterccl to the Israelites
according to the llcsh, and which must have a fulfillmcnl to them. nut this is not the full extent of the
prophecy. 11 docs not encl. it docs not reach fulfillment.
i11 the Israel according lo the flesh .
The prophecy also inc111rlcs spiritual Israel, as we arc
informed by inspired author.ity, an<l it will not clo to
conrlucle that TTch. 8: 10 refers onlv to the Israel according- lo the fksh ancl hrush it aside
not applying- to the
members of the Church.

as

20

\'ll:W::; ON Till: l'O\' l:NANT!:>, l:T<:.

Thal thi!-> pruplll'ry has a11 applic:it11i11 tu !'pirilual

l!->ral'I is !->l;1ted liy 110 kss au authority than the Apostle

I 'anl ;ul(I lite I July ~pirit, as we read in l lchn:ws 10:
I ..!.22:

"!:111 this 111an after he had offered um: :-,acrilicl' fur

slll!-> f11rcvtr, sat d11w11 0 11 the right hand uf C;,,tJ;

I n1111 hc11c<.:forth <:xptcli11g till his tnc111ics uc 111ade his

fo~1lst11ul: l 011r Ii) cme offering- la hath perfected forever thc111 lhal ;:re san<:tilic:d. lf'/icrcof tire I lul_v Spirit
ufso is a 16111,u lo HS: for after that he had said
licforc, This is the coven.Ill! that J will 111akc with
tlic111, after thusc clap, sailh thc Lord, I will p11l my
laws intl> tlwir hearts, and iu their 111i11cls will I write
them. and ll1tir sins and iniquities will I rc111c111ber
no more. l\ow where re111issicm of these is. there is
110 1r:ore offering- for sin.
Llavini.;, therefore, brethren,
huldness to enter ialo the holiest hy the blood of Jesus,
O_\' a new anJ Jiving way, which he hath COll!iecratcu
!or us, throug-h thl. veil, that is to say, his fksh; and
having a high priest over the house of ( ;0<1; kl u :-;
draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith,
having- our hearts sprinkled frnm an evil conscience,
and o ur llodics washed with pure waler."
In the above q11otalio11, vcr:-e 1(i, we have the idcnlical
statement of thi.; matter: ''this is lite couc1w11t that I will
111akc with tlrrm af /cr llwsc dcrys." The Apostle says
the I Ioly Spirit is a witness of this facl unto us, the
members of the Glllrch.
It being thus plainly stated that "this covc11ai1t," the
New Covenant, which he would make "after those days,"
<Ms made, and that, as a result, we have now received
"remission of sins," and have "therefore, \Jrethren, holdnc~s to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus," the
"blood of the N .!W Covenant," the "blood of the covenant
whereby we arc sanctified," what shall we say?
Is there anv room to doubt Lhat this covenant which
was to be 111aclc after /hos~ da~s has actually been made

INS'PJTU'l'ION 01:' NEW covgNANT.

21

with us, the members of the Church ? Surely there can

he 110 do11bl. We accept the Holy Spirit an<l the Apostle
l'aul as witnesses and the ltighcst authority, and they
have said that this covenant, made a Her those days, has
heen made with the members of the Church.
111 harmony with this view we quote from Zion's
\Vatch Tower of August 15, 1901, page 260:
"Continuing- tile sa111c argument into the next chapter
( llch. 10:16), tile apostle shows that THE WORK OF
<>UR LORI) JESLIS IN OFFERING ur 1-IlMSELF.
,\S TllE RANSOM PRICE FOR l\1t\NKfND, WAS
Sl~l\LlNG THE NEW COVENANT, THE ANTITYl'ICJ\L COVENANT, which God had promised
throug-h Moses, and through all ,the prophets, saying,
"This is the covenant that I will 111akc with them AFTER
Tl IOSE DAYS. saith the Lord.'"

lNSTITUTlUN OF Tl IE NEW COVENANT.

l.c:l us 11uw ask, When did the ~cw Covenant go into
effect, who established it, and who arc under it?
In the Watch Tower for J~nuary 1st, i907, page 8,

bottom of second column, we rea<l:

"Till' I .a\\' Cnvl'11a11l was added, anti <levclopecr during the Jewish Age, the Jewish nation as a typical
people of (iocl m1dcr the Law Covenant, with Moses as
its 111eclialor, which was typical of the New Covenant,
with l"hrist as its i\[cdia.tor.'' Page 10, column 2, of
sa111c Tower: "Moses was the Mecliator of the Law
Covenant, which typified the New Covenant."
\,Yatch Tower, January 1st, l<)O<J. page 12, column 1:
"'This New Covena11t is cm1trastecl with the Law
Covenant. and Christ. the l\le<liator of the New Covenant. is rn11lra~tecl with !\loses, the l\leclialor o[ the
Law Cnvc11a11l. showing that the New Covenant is
lielln than the Law Cm{11anl. because it has lhc better
l\Jcdiator. ({ ll'h. 8: 6 l "

2.2

vrnws ON THB <.:OVENANT::>, l':Tl'.

We thus sec that the Law Covenant is adrnowlcdgcd to

be a type of the New Covc11a11L.
Let us now rea<l from T\lillcn11ial Dawn, Vol. II.,
page 174;
"When 1.n1r Loni saic.l that not one jut o r tiltk of
the Law shoultl pass a way until fttllilkd , he referred
not only lo the fullilling of its covenant obligatium; fur
all under that Law Covenant, finislling- its hul<l ltpon
them, uy meeting- its demands against them in full with
his own lifr, but lie meant more t11 al' this ; 1le meant,
further, that all the hlessings 1.xprcssed in it typically
would also he sure of fulfillment upon a n anti-typical
scale. Jn all the Jewish ccre111011ics Cocl ca11scll 110
type to be made which will pnivc 111ea11i11gless, or pass
unfulfilled; AND THE O~SERVANCE OF ALL
TYPES WAS KEl'T UP UNTIL TIIElR FULFILLMENT AT LEAST J\ECAN. /\LL TYPES
MUST IJE CONTINUALLY REPEAT ED UNTii.

THEIR ANTI-TYPES t\f'l'E,\1{: FOR Tl IE

KEEPING OF A TYPE. IS NOT Tl IE FULFILLING OF IT. THE FULFILLING IS lmACl lED
WHERE THE TY'l.'E CEASES, BEING DfSPLACED BY THE REAUTY, TllE ANTITYPE."
1 the above quotations be true, it is evident that the
New Covenant, being the anti-type o: the Law Covenant,
must have bcg-tm to be fulf1llecl, must have heg1111 to
operate, at the time that the l,.aw Covenant ceased. When
was that? We reply that it is wrillc11 that Jesus Christ
bloltecl out the "handwritin~ of orclinances that was
against us, \\'hich w~ts con trary !() us, ancl took it out o[
the way, nailiug it to his cross." Co l. 2; 14. /\gain we
read, Romans 10: 4, ''For Christ is the encl of the Law
for ri~htcousness to every one that bdicvcth.'' Sec also
Luke 16: 16: "The law l Covenant J aml the prophets
were until John: since that time the King<lom of Gotl
is preached, a nd every ma11 presscth into it." john I ; 17:

INSTITUTION OF NEW COVENANT.

23

"The Law was given by Moses, but grace and truth

came by Jesus Christ." Romans 6: 14: "Ye are not
under the Law, but under ~race." And Heb. IO: 9:
"Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, 0 God. He
taketh away the first [the Law Covenant] that he may
establish the second [the New Covenant]." In other
words, He taketh away the type that he may establish
the anti-type. And, in Dan. 9: 27, we read: "And he
[Jesus Christ] shall confirm [establish, make firm] the
covenant [the New Covenant] with many for one week,
[the three and one-half years of his ministry and the
following three and one-half years, during which period
the New Covenant was becoming firmly established in
the hearts and minds of the early church]: and in the
midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice [of the
Law Covenant] and the oblation to cease, and for the
overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate,"
etc. Also, we read in 2 Cor. 3: 11, 13, that the Law
Covenant was "done away," "abolished,'' Finatly, we
read in Millennial Dawn, Vol. 5, pages 439-440 [426, later
edition l : "There fat the baptism of Jesus] was fulfilled,
as the Apostle points out, the prophecy of old, 'Lo I
come (in the volume of the book it is written of me)
to do thy will, 0 Goel.' He had come to do the will of
Goel, to offer the sacrifice for sins, and' hence he had
not previously offered it. In that act of his consecration
he presented him sci f a living- sacrifice to God's service,

even unto death. MARK THAT AT THIS PARTICULAR POJNT THE APOSTLE SAYS HE SET
ASIDE THE TYPICAL LAW COVENANT SACRIFICES THAT HE MIGHT ESTABLISH THE
SECOND. THE ANTr-TYPICAL, THE REAL
SACRTPICE FOR SINS, HIS OWN SACRIFICE.
HTS OWN DEATH, AS THE SEALING OF THE
NEW COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND MEN,
DY HIMSELF, THE MEDIATOR OF THE NEW
COVENANT. AND OUR TEXT TELLS US THE

24

S1\ME

vrnws ON THI: (J()\'ENA.N'l'8, 1!:'1'0.

Tlltt\l;,

Tllt\T

LT

\VAS

THE

'M,\i'\

CHRIST JESUS WHO GAVE HIMSELF A HAN-

SOM FOi\ t\LI..' .,

'vVc quolc also from Zion's Walch Tuwcr. 181)11.

pitg-e :.! I 2 :
" J\LL TH f: ' l' Yl'IC1\L TH IN c.;s UF Tl IE L'/\ST
FlND .i\~TIT\'l'ES Ui\DER Tim NEW C<>Vl:Nt\ NT."
"CC>i{ N l:l.I LlS 'v\i,\S t\CU:l'Tl:U Ui\l>l:R Tltl:
~l~W COVl:NJ\r\T."
If Corne lius was acccptccl under the New CU\'l1iant.
the New Covl11anl must have hcc11 in opl-ration in Cw
111.:liu!;' clay.
Evidently, thcrcfurc. lhc Law Covenant ceased at the
fast atlvent o( Jesus Christ, and evide11Uy, therefore. at
that time the N cw Covenant beg-an to operate, in accorrlancc with tlte al.Jove q uo tations fro111 the !:)cripturc, the
\Vatch Tower, and Mille1111ial Daw11, 1olu111c IL
\Ve also learn from o ther scriplurc.s 1,/tt1t the Ncw
Covenant was cstabli~ltctl and became opcrative, a.~ it is
written in 1!eh. 8: (j:
l:111t now I the first having l.ieen
taken away I hath he obtai11cd a llll/rc cxcdlcnt ministry,
br h ow much also he is the medialo r of a better covenant,
\\;hich \l\11\ S ESTA ln,JSl JED upon belier prrnniscs."
The Diaglotl' renders this verse thus: ''But now he has
obtai11ccl a superi6r service. even hy so much as he is
the Mediator of a Beller Covenant. which HAS l3EE1\
1 N ST l TUTED t111 helter promises."
l\otke that the Apostle tells us thal the llellcr covenant, n f which Jlsus is the l\lccliator, W /\S n toblis/1C1/ ,
1ml "is gui11g- ll> lie" tslahlishcd in the l\fillcnnial Age.
as s111nc lc:adt.
To tstalJlish 11w<i11s lo settle or fix firmly, lo confinn,
tn 111akc s111'l'. lo nrclain ptr111a11ently and with author ity.
Tn i11stit11le llll'ans lt1 sl'l up. lo establish, to o rdain.
to put in force.
The word in lhc c;rc:ck hcrc is llUllHllhclco, which is
1

'

JNSTITU'l'JON OP NBW COVENANT.

25

clcfincd in l'rof. H.oiJcrL Youllgs Analytical Concordance,

"To appoint a Law," aml in Robinson's Greek Lexicon,
"To setllc as Law." Green's Greek-English Lexicon
says of the word, "To be enacted, to constitute, as law.''
The Oiaglott re11dcri11g is <tlso very significant.
Thus we sec that the New Covenant has bec11 conlin11cd1 ratified, urdcrincd rcr111a11c111/y e111d witli autliorily,
p111 i11 f orcc, put in opcrnlio11, t'slablisllcd u! a luw, by
Jesus Christ tJllt' f\kdiator. during- his first a<lvcnl.
In !kb. 12: 2:z-25 we Jmve aclditio11al cviclcncc, as it
is here rcconkd that \\'C "arc come unto l\luu11t Sion , . .
a11d lo Jesus the Mediator of the New Covenant, and to
lhe bloo<I of sprillkling, that ~pcaketlt heller things than
lhal of Auel. Sec that ye rd use 11ol him that spcakcth:
for if they escaped not who refuse<! him that spake on
earth. much more shall not we escape. if we turn away
from him that scaketh from heaven."
instead of taking- the Apostle al his wur<l, believing
what he says, that "ye arc come," we arc asked to believe
lhal it 111ea11s "ye arr ro111i11,1(': !hat is, we have not yet
arri ,cd, or read1ecl Lill' des Li nation, a11d the l\I ecliator.
"Ye h<Vi'C c1ppniac/11:d." (the rendering- of the Diaglott},
mca11s, according lo that vie\\', you arc af>/'ronclti11g. If
anyone docs not wish to accept what the 1\110stle has
wrille11. such an one would bdlcr let his words alone,
insleacl of wresting them by gi\'ing- them false i1.llerprclat ions.
The "bloocl nf spri111di11g" is an allusion to the sprinkling- of the blnocl of the covenant sacr ifices upon the
pc<1ple when that wvcnant was made upon Mt. Sinai.
:\s wc read: ".i\1111 l\loscs look the blood anti sprinkled
il on the p<nplc :111d said. lkh11ld the hloml of the covenant
ll'hicli tlw l .onl h;ilh ma~k ll'ilh yrn1 ronccrnin~ all these.
wnrcls." Exod. 24: 8.
The Apostle gives us lo t111dcrsland thal the anti! ypical sprinkling- of the anti-typical covenant had IJegun

26

VIBWS ON TIIE COVENANTS, ETC.

in his day to all who came to Jesus the Mediator of the

New Covenant. And he tells us to be sure to not turn
away from OUR Mediator, Jesus. As many of the Jews
turned away from thei:- mediator, Moses, and did nul
escape, hut were dcslroyecl in the wilderness, so we arc
warncc\ thal if we turn away from OUN. Mediator, Jesus,
we will not escape the wrath of God. "He that despised
Moses' Law [Covenant) dice\ without mercy under two
or thrc:c witnesses: Of how much r,orcr punishment,
suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden
under foot the Son of Goel, and hath counted the blood
of the [New J Covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an
unholy thing, and hath <lone despit'! unto the Spirit of
grace." Heb. lO: 281 29.
In the Watch Tower of July 1, 1898, page 198-199, we
read as follows:
"The Apostle assures us that this New Covenant
could only go into force, could only become operative
toward us, by virtue of the atoning sacrifice which the
Father clcsignccl, aucl which the Lord Jesus joyfully
and obediently fulfilled. H c assures us, ancl so a lso
docs our Lord Jesus, that lite death 07 Christ sea/eel or
ratified or made bi11di11g mid complctc tltis New Covt11aHt, 'between God and man, of which Jesus is the
Mediator. T hus our Lord himself, when speaking of
his death, symbolized by the cup, said, 'This is Lhc
blood of the N cw Covenan t shccl for many for (in
order to) the remission of sins.' Sins coulcl nol be
remitLcd except as justice woulcl first be met, ancl Lhe
one who met the claims of justice on behalf of the
sinner would be the one who would have the right to
remit the sinner's guilt, and thus to !Jc the Mediator
between J nslicc and the sinner.
The Apostle Paul gives us the same view of the
matter, saying that 'the blood (death, sacrifice)
cleanse th us' an<l for this cause he is the Mediator of

INSTITUTION 01" NEW COVENANT.

27

the New Covenant: that by means of death for tile

rcdr:111ptio11 of the transgressions that were under the
first covenant, they which are called might receive the
promise of eternal inheritance. (Heb. 9: 14, 15,) We
sec, Lhcn, that since Calvarj, since the sealing of the
New Covenant with the blood of the Mediator, since
tlzat New Cove11anl was tl111s ratified or made effective,
the tri11111plt of lmc mid mercy over justice, and the
sentence of death orig-inally i111licte<l, has been a fact.
And since the offence and the sentence were of one
man, atHI rested upon the many through him, even
upon all his posterity, so likewise the New Covenant
is by the one man, Christ Jcsus, and is applicable to
not only the first offence committed in Eden, but applicable to all the 'many offences' since committed
because of wcalrncss and depravity, introduced by the
one lransgression.-Rom. 5: 12 I 5-21.
llut while the New Covenant is thus for Adam and
all his posterity, nevertheless there arc co11ditio11s
atlachcd to this Covenant, which limit its actio11.
( 1) Faith in it-am\ acceptance of its provisions or
clernamls: and this implies a knowledge of the covenant
conditions, for no man can either accept or reject that
of which he has no knowlc<lge, as the Apostle says,
'Jiow shall they believe on him of wl~om they have not
heard?'
(2) Obedience, as the result of faith, is required to
the extent of ahility-obe<licncc to the law of the New
Covenant.

These two steps, (I) Faith, and ( 2) Obedience,

were illustratecl in typical Israel, and in the institution
of their typical covenants, at the hands of their typical
mediator, and wilh the blooc\ of their typical sacrifice
for sins. The Loni made known to Israel his covc11ant,
ancl they assented thereto. aml saicl, 'All of these things
will we d<i,' accepting Moses also as their mediator.
1

28

vrr.wi:;

ON TIIE <:O\'l;NAl\'l'::l,

~'J'C.

This was the first step, curre!'ipo11di11g- with u:-. to the

step of faith and justifical1on through faith. Then
~loses took the hlootl of the sacrilicc of atu11cmcnt,thc ulo0d nf their covenant, and sprinkled it upon lhc
book; i.e., upon the tables of the law, as n:pn.:se11li11g
(;rnt and his \Vc1rd. the law 11r has1:-. of l11s c.:11ve11a11l
with thl111, whid1 1hc\ wcre lo observe ancl olH.!\'.
i\I orcovcr, hl sprinklc<i ah-11 all the Jll'nplc with 1hi1t
hlood. saying-, 'This is the c11v111a111 '' hid1 I ;.,d hath
111jCJine<l 11p1111 y1111.' This \\'a:- nol a 1111a11111g-kss pcrf11r111a11cc. Tiu: 111u111e11t lite clrup 11f lilrn11l l11ud1nl the
lsr:iclitc, it 111ca11l t/icrt I/it' n1<'t'1tr111f ;n1s 111 11paafiu11.
i11 full /oret crud purca, n11 hi111 1111d /11r1 'cll'rl him: tlial
l~od was l>ou11<1 lo him U}' the C.:IJ\'ellilllt, and he was
bonnd to <;utl by the covc11a11l. ~u likewise in the
anll-typc, after we have heard, !,1111wn, and have cxcrc.:isecl faith, then the Lord rcq11ins tltal if we arc in
ltarn10111 with him, and desire Lu l'lltl'r into this new
t:OVl'na1;l, wt shall take 11\lr positi1111 with those who
rc.:t:civc the hlnocl of spri11klin~. tltal :.pl'akclh heller
thilll{S for us tha11 any l.IJiical hl11nd. anti that hy
rct:eivi11~ this l1lood of spri11ldi11g' \Vl' shall not only
lie ju~Lilicd frn111 our pnsl sin~. hut thneby also we
shall recognize ourschcs as hcnc.:dorth lmu11dl'11, oliligatccl, cuvc11a11lcd to lhc 1.onl. as his pcople.-1 l'el.
I: 2.
~lorcuver, a!> Israel was lmmid h\' lhal covenant to
the law o[ liod, as promulgated i>y their mediator,
;\lo:.cs, so il't' 'firil1tc1l fsraclita, whn /111'4.'<' full~ C'lllt'l't'tl
tire NI'<' C01:r11a11f rclalio11ship, u11tl wlto ltmc llcrd tl11
s1al ol f/11 Nri1' Cm. 1c111111t, fire /l/oocl o/ C/1ris1, put
11p1111 us, arr tltacby bo1111cl lo all //t, terms a11d nmcliti1111s uf tltat "'"'l' fll'i r11w1/,-lo its ohlig-atinns as wdl
a.; t11 its hlcssin~s: and thcsc ohlil.{alions arc txprcs!'t'd
i11 tht 1:11' of lhl' i':t\\ l'ovl'liant. pro111ulgated hy till'
111ediallll' of lhl ne\\' con:nanl. namch the rmal law of
Love.

AnLF. l\IDIJSTF.T!S OF THE NEW COVENAN'I'.

2fl .

,\l.ILE MINISTERS OF THE NEW COVENANT .

. \~ adclitirn1al evicle11ce thal the i\ cw Covenant was
L'::.lahti~hcd liy our Lord Jesus Chril at his first a<lvc11t,
let us 11otic<.: the following- words of the Apostle Paul:
"Who also I IJ\Tll ~l 1\DE us able ministers of the New
lcsla111c11t [cuv<.:nan t J." 2 Cur. 3: 6.
That this mini~try was a work that the Apostle was
pcrfurn1i11g- at lhal time is shown by many verses of
Scripture, 1wlahly the following:
'
"\.Vho then is J'aul, and who is /\pollos, but ministers
by whom I hy whose work of 111i11i~lry I ye l>clicvccl, even
as the Loni gave to every 111a11 ?" 1 Cor. J: 5.
''Therefore seeing we HAVE this ministry, as we
have received mercy, we faint not." 2 Cor: .i: 1.
''And all thin~s arc of God, who hath reconciled us
to himself by Jesus Christ , an<l HATH GIVEN to us
the minislrv of reconciliation: To wit, that Go<l was
in Christ. t:econciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses u11lo them; and HATH COMMrrrED unto us the worcl of reconciliation. Now
then we arc ambassadors fo r Christ, as though God did
beseech you by w;: we pray you in Christ's stead, be
ye rcconcilccl to God." 2 Cor. 5: 18-20.
"And he ga vc some, ,1po~llcs: and some, prophets:
and sonic, evangelist~: and some, pastors and
teachers: For the perfecting- of the sain ts. FOR THE .
WORK OF THE MINISTRY, for the edifying of the
body o( Christ: TILL we all come in the unity of the
faith. and of the lmowlc<lgc of the Son of God, unto a
perfect man. u11to the measure of the stature of the
ful11css of Christ.'' Eph. 4: 11-13.
"/\ncl I thank Christ Jcsus our Lord, who has enabled
me, for that he co11ntccl me faithful. putting me into
the ministry." I Tim. 1: 12.
''But none of these things move 111c, neither count I
my life dear unto myself. so that T might finish my

30

vmwR ON TllE COVENAN'l'S, P.T<'.

course wilh j oy , a11d the MIN I STRY which r have

received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the g-ospcl of the
grace of God.'' Ac.:ts 20 : :q.
Now the liospcl of the g race of t ;ud, LIH.: prrn:lamalio11
of which cou slitulcd the ministry of the 1\pnslk. was
the g-ood news !ha t tlirough the hlootl of jlsus Chris!
was forgiveness of sins, to all that believe. J\nd tlii.;
brings to mind l\-lalt. 2G: 28, wher e our Loni says, "For
this is my blood of !he I new I lesla111e11t [covenant I
which is shed for many FOR TI IE l{l~M lSSlUN OF
SINS." Th us it will he seen that lt1e ministry of lhl
A postle was the ministry of the New Covc1ia11t, thl'.
"ministry of reconciliation." and lhal the New Covt1m11l
was in operation in his clay.

JESUS CHRIST THE I\IEDii\TOR OF THE

CHUHCII.
The forego ing h; sufficient to prove that the New
Covenant was established by our Lord Jesus Christ at
his first advent. We will bring out this 'point more
strongly later on in our consitlcration of these subjects.
Let us now, however, lake np and consider what to us
seems lo be the most vital, the most important, feature i11
connection with the New Covenant; we refer to its
Me<liator, and the supposition that the 111e1111Jcr s of the
Church have no media tor, and neeled none lo IJringthem into harmony with Goel.
In this connection please no te the follmving extract
from the Souvenir Report of the Watch Tower Bible
nnd Tract Society Convention, 1907, Part II., Niagara
Falls, Page 69, Col. 2:
Question put to the editor of Zion's Walch Tower:
"Do we as individuals need Christ as our Mediator
before we become members of His Uocly ?"
Answer by editor : "I answer tha t if we had nccdc<l
Christ as a Mediator, then Go<l would h ave provi<lc<l

,JT.RUS CRR.TRT THF. .MF.DIATOR.

31

Him as a mediator, and the fact that God did not

provide Him as our mediator proves that we do not
need Him as such. . . . We arc under the original
covenant, which required no mediator. The Church
docs not need a mediator. What docs it need? Can
they come direct lo Lhc Father? No. Well, what do
they need? They need just what the Scriptures tell
us we have-an advocate with the rather."
Let us now ascertain the meaning of the word
"Mediator."
ME11I/\ TOR. "Anyone that stands or ~oes between;
especially one who interposes between parties at variance in order to reconcile them.''-Stamlard Dictionary.
Thayer, in his Greek-English Lexicon of the New
Testament, defines the Greek word "mesitas" which is
translated "M cdiator," as follows: "One who intervenes
between two, either in orclcr to make or restore peace
and friendship, or to form a compact, or for ratifying a
covenant. Christ is called Mediator between God and
men, since he interposcll by his death and restored the
harmony between God and man, which human sin had
broken.;'
'
Alberl Harnes, author of Barnes' Notes, defines the
word :ts follow~; "The word 'Mediator' means properly
one who intervenes between two parties, either as an
interpreter or intcrnunciui-, or as an intercessor or reconciler."
Editor of Zion's Watch Tower: In issue of Jan. I,
ICJ07, page 8: "A med iator is one who interposes l>ctween
two persons who are at variance, with a view to r<koncilin~ them."
Accepting these definitions as correct, let us note what
the ~criptures teach as lo the relationship between God
ancl the members of the body of Christ, the Church,
hcfore they become such, ancl let us specially notice
whether snch persons a re said to be at variance to God
at that time or not, and whether or not they were in

32

vrnws ON Trrn

(;()\ I~NJ\~'l'S, L~TC.

t1 f rtcon<:il iatim n r 111edialiu11.

1f llic\ were at
\'ariance l o ( ;od . a111l if lhcr 11el'tkd 1T1;1111ciliali~111 tu lli111.
lltc11. an:ordi11g tn Liie ahlVt ddi11ilin11:-. :111ycnw who
l1r1111g-h t ahmH :-uch rlt:rn1rili;1tilJ11 11111sl lw a 1111.:dial11r,
their 111cclialor, a 111edialnr hct ween ( ;od and 111c11.
H.0111a11s 3: 10, "As it is writlc11 1 There is 1111111
rig-ht Cl HIS. 110. 111)( \I ll e."
l{o111a11s 3: 23. "For 11// /11mc si1111t'd and crn11e sllol'I
of lhc glory of <;ucl."

11ced

l<n111a11s .) : (1, Fur wht11 <1c \\'l'l'C \'d without

in clue ti111c l'hrist dic<I for I lie 1111,1..:mlly."
l\.tmians 5: 8. "l \11 L e.;rn l t:111111m11ck!h his l11vc t11ward
11s, i11 that, while we \\'l'IT )'<'l si11/Ll'rs, ( 'h rist died
for u ~...
1<.01mu1s 5: 10 . "For if, when 'il'C' were c11c111ics, we
were rcco11cilcd lo C;ocl hy the death of his Son, 11111ch
more, being- rcc011cilcd, we shall lie saved by his life.''
l{omans 5 : 12, "Wherefore. as hy one man si n
entered into llic worlcl, and death by sin; and so death
passed upo11 all men. fur that all have si1111cd."
H.0111a11s 5 : 1CJ, "For as hy <Jllc 1na11 s disohcdk11cc
11tc111y Hcrc 111adc si1111crs, so by the 9hecl icncc of one
shall many he 111atlc righteous.
Col. 1: 2 1, "t\ncl w 11 that were smnctimc alirnatctl,
and c11w1ies i11 yo11i 111i11d liy wicked works, ycl now
lrnth he rccrnn:iled:
1 Pct. 2: <J, 10, ''Who hath called you out of darl.:11rss into his 111arvcllous light: wh ich in limes past
were 1wt a people. but arc now lhc people of God:
which hacl 11ot obtni11rd m ere\', hut now have ohtai11e1l
mercy."

E ph . J: 7, "Jn whom we have rcclcmplio11 thn>Ltgh

his blood , lite forgi'i c111ss of si11s, according to lhc
riches of his grace."
Eph. 2: 1-5. "A nd you hath he quickened who were
dead in trespasses a11d si11s: wherein in lime past ye
walked 11ccordi11g to the course of this 7corld , according
strc11 ~th.

.rm:ms

CURTS'!' Tim ME:DTA'l'OR.

33

to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that

now worketh in the childre11 of disobedience; among
whom also WE 1\LL HJ\D OUR CONVER$ATlON

IN Tl i\IE~ PAST IN THI~ LUSTS OF OUR

FLESI 1. FULFILLING THE DESIRES OF THE
FLES11 AN lJ OF THE MIND; i\NJJ WERE BY

NATURE TllE CHJLDREN OF WRATH, EVEN

AS OTBEHS. ilut (;o<l. who ii- rich in mercy, for his
great love wherewith he loved 11s, even when we
were Dl:/\D IN SINS, hath quickened 11s together
wilh Christ."
Wl wi~h to e111phasi7.c very strongly the above quotation frn111 Ephesians. 011 accnunl of the following state111<.'1\l appearing in the February 151 1909, issnc of the
\Vatch Tower. page 63;
"Dul docs not the A post le say that some who had
become saints had been lia1's anll abominable persons,
'ali1:11aled a11cl enemies in their 111incl by wicked works,'
a11cl could the world be worse than this description?
(Col. 1: 2 1. ) We answer, so far as works arc concernecl, amt the divine standards, Yes, 'that every
111oulh may I.Jc stopped, and all the world may become
g-uilty before God,' both Jews and Gentiles. (Rom.
3 : 19.) But such as at heart were not opposed to the
lig'hl an<l Truth hacl a different standing in the. Divine
estimation. Throngh ignorance and weaknesses they
were like the whole world. yet in other respects they
were very different and differently estimated by the
Lord. These, because of the rig/1t-hcartcd11css, were
hlcssecl in being- drawn to Christ hy the Father, that
they mighl he justified by faith in the precious
hloocl. . . . "
In reply lo this we offer the follow ing quotation from
7.ion's Watch Tower. April t, 1898, page 104 , col. 2:
''To plead that we arc not wholly bad, corrupt, or
even that we arc not so bacl as some others, is to admit
our imperfection. and hence to prove the lioprlrssness

:J.l

vrnws ON 'rlE COVENANTS, F.TC.

of our case excepl as di vine grace i11lt:1"llc11cs to

help us."
We also fat! to 1mdersta11d how perslllls who were
"enemies i11 tlirir 111i11ds by wicked works" could be ri~ht
at heart. The word of Gou dearly tcad1es thal a wicked
work is an expression uf a wicked heart. Take .the
following Scriplun:s as prouf:
11 all. 7: 1(1-20 1 yc shall knuw them by their ( ruils.
Do 111c11 gal her grapes of thorns, or figs of Lhistk!-1?
Even so every good tree uring-cth fu rll1 guod fruit;
but a corrupt tree hringclh forth evil fruit. A g-ood
tree cannot bring- forth evil fruit, 11eit~1er can a currupl
tree bring forth good fruit. Every tree that hringeth
not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast i11lo the
fire. Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them."
Matt. 12: 33, ''Either make the tree good, and his
fruit good ; or else make th:. tree corrupt, and his fruit
cormpt; for the lrec is known by his fruit."
Malt. 12: 351 "A good 111an out of the good treasure
of the heart bringeth forth good things; am! an evil
man, out of the evil treasure, bring-cth forth evi l
things."
These verses show the insc.parahle connection between
men's hcarls am! their works. If the work be wicked
it is because the heart is wicked.
Our Lord i111d the wise 111an compare the hcarl lo a
reservoir, and jusl as it is the reservoir that determines
the quality of w:itcr :hat nms through the pipes, so it is
the heart that determines the quality of a man's works.
If the reservoir be corrnpt ancl impure the stream must
inevitably be so. and as men's hearts arc, so arc their
works. Uur Loni says (Matt. 15 :1 9), "For out of the
/tear/ proceed evil thoughts, murder!;, adulteries, fornications, I hefts, false-witness, blai;phc111ics, 11 and Solomon
says: "Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it arc
the issues of life.''
So we sec that \\'hatcvcr in the doings of men is

36

VIEWR ON 'l'ITF. C'0\7V.NAN1', E'l'C.

Eph. 2: 19. " Now therefore ye arc 110 more ~lrangers

and fon.iglll'l'S, b11t frllnw-cilizc11:-. with the saints. anti
11f lht ho11st'l111ld 11 l;ud."
l:pl1. 5: 8. "For ye wen :-.u111t:limci- tlarlrne:-.s. h11t
1111w arc ~c li~hl i11 till l.ord."
l'ul. 3: ;;-9. "~l11rlify tltcrcftrc y1111r mc111licrs which
arc upu11 the earth: fnrnicalion, 1111dca1111css, i11ordinalt
affection, tvil (011rnpisn1Kc, a11d 1:ovclo11sncs~. which
is idolalry; 1:11r whirl! ll1i11gs sakt tlit wrath of (ind
t'Onll'lh 1111 tht d1ildrt11 ut' dis11littlic11tl'. IN Tl 11:
Wlllt'll
\'I: t\1.S{) \VJ\Ll\l:I> so 1\ll:T1~11:.
\VIII::-\ YI: l.l\' 1-:1> I~ Tll l '.~I. 1:111 1111w ye a b
p11l off :di tlW:.l': a11gtr. wr:1th, 111alit:t', ltla:.plit1111,
filthy l'11111111u11icatio11 1111t of y1111r 111m1lh. I .ie not mic
lt) another. -.tci11g ye ha\ll' ptll off the old 111a11 with
his deeds."
t Tim. I: IJ. l 1a11l says or himself: "Who was befo re
a ltlaspht111cr; and a pcrscc11ler. and iu jurio11s.' 1
Titus 3: 3, l'a11I here sai<I: "For we ourselves were
sometimes foolish. disobcdicul, deceived. serving
lJIVEl~S LUSTS J\ND PLE;\SURES, LIVING lN

i\l/\UCI~ J\ND ENVY, 111\TE.FUL, J\ND I l/\TIN<;

ON I!. J\NOTI I ER."
\Vas that the ri!-{hl-hcartedness which clicl not rcqt1irc
a mediator?
'
1 J 1 eler 4: 3 1 "vor the Lime past of our life may
suffice us to have wrou~ht the will 0 the Gentiles,
\VI-IE!': WE WALKED IN L/\SCIVIOUSNESS,

LUSTS, EXCESS OF WINE. HEVELUNGS,

. B/\NQLJETTINGS, AND J\HOM!NJ\ULE JDOLATHTES.''
Was Tl I/\ T the right-hcar1ccl11ess which clicl not require a M ecliator?
Hom. (,: 17 1 19, 20, .. Hut Goel be thanked, that ye
were the scr111111ts of si1', but ye have obeyed from the
heart that form of doctrine which was deliverccl you.
AS YE HAVE YIELDED YOUR MEMBERS

JESUS CHRIST TIIE MEDIATOR

SERVANTS

TO

UNCLEAI\NESS

37
AND

TO

INIQUITY UNTO INIQUITY; even so now yield

yom members servants lo righteousness unto holiness.
For when ye were the servants of sin, ye were free
as to righteousness.''
Was THAT the right-heartedness which did not require a Mediator?
Homans 7: 5, "For when we were i11 the flesh . the
motions of sins, which were by the Law, die! work in
om members to bring forth fruit unto death.
1 Cor. 6:8-rr, "l'\ay. ye tlu wro11~. anti dc/ra11d, ancl
that your lirrl/irc11. Know ye not that the unrig-IHeous
shall not inherit the kingclo111 0f ( ;oct? lk not deceived:
neither forni('.alors. nor iclulators, nor adulterers, nor
effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind,
nor thieves, nor covctmts, nor clrunkards, nor revilers,
nor extortione rs. shalt inherit the kingdom of God.
AND SUCH WERE SOME OF YOU."
We arc constrained lo ask again if persons who dill
such evil things conlcl be called "right-hearted,'' or could
lie ~aid to be in no need of reconcilation to God. in no
nled of a mediator lo stand between them anc\ Goel and
make peace for them?
The ahove verses of Scripture were addressed to, ancl
wi.:re applied to, persons who al that time were members of
the Clnirch, of the Seed of Abraham, members of the
body of Christ. ancl heir~ according to the promise, ancl
these verses clcscrihc their ronclition previous to their
acceptanc~ of l.11ris t. before they were r(concilcd to God
hy 11 ini.
llrie!lv s lated, thlir c-o11clitio11 at that Lin1c wa~ as
follows;

Sinrn:rs .............. Hrnn. S :X,

Epl1.

:7:

2:1,

12.

19: 3 :z3: (1: 17:

l~nemies . .. . . ........ . . . . . .. Ro111. 5:10; Col.

l 'nrecnnrilcrl to ( ;ol] .. ..... . . Rom. 5: JO; Col.

:21

I :20

38

VIEWS 0:-l Tim COVE NAi'\1', inc.

Unsaved ............................. Rom. 5 :10

Without st rcn~Lh .. . .. ... .. ............. Roni. 5 :6
Ungodly ........ ........... ..... .. . .. . Roni. 5 :G
Scntcncc<l to Death .................... Ro111. 5 :12
U 11 rigfocous . .. , ...... . ... . ........... Rom. 3 : 1o
Alienated ............. .. ..... Cnl. t :2 1: Epl1. 2:13
Wicked . ..... ............. ...... .... .. Clll. 1 :21
l n darlmcs)o, .................... . ...... I Pel. 2 :9
J lad not olnainc<l 111ercy ............... I Pct. 2 :10
Sins unfuq~ivcn ........................ Eph. l :7
'Fornicall>rs ........ ......... ..... ..... l Cor. (i :9
Tclolators ......... ...... ......... ..... I Cor. 6 :9
EITe111i11atc .. . ............... . . . ... .... I Cor. 6 :<)
Abusers of themselves with mank ind ..... I Cur. 6 :9
Thievc.s ................ . .... . .... ... . I Cor. 6:10
Covetous ..... .. .. ..... ......... . . ... I Cur. 6: 1o
Drunkards ................ ........... I Cur. 6:10
Reviler'\ ..... .. ... ......... .... ...... I Cor. 6:10
Extortioners ......................... I Cor. (j: ro
D('acl in trespasses and sins . . .. ....... / E:ph. 2: 1, 4
Worldly in every rcspecl ... . Eph. :? : 1-5; Col. 3 :5-9;
Tilus 3:;~: l I'd. 4 :3: Rom. 6:17. HJ, 20
Chilclrcn of \-Vrnth ......... . ..... ..... Eph. 2:13
Without Christ ........................ Eph. 2: 12
Without (;od ...................... . . .. Eph. 2:12
Without Hope .............. .. ......... Eph. :? : 12
Strang-crs .. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eph. 2: 13, 19
Far ofT ...... . ........................ Eph. 2: 13
In Oarkncs:;. . . ...... .. . . .... . ... ....... Eph . 5 :8
Y cl in spite. of these scriptures. we arc askccl lo believe
that these pcopk nccclcd no 111ecl ialor to hring them hack
into harmnnv with ( ;od, hut that thcv were friends of
Goel. alt houi.ih "r11r111 irs f Ii rough -;,ickr~l works."
Ir thc.se )o,inm'rS, t11c111ics, wickcll people, unri~hlco11s,
ctc., could hccomc sni11ls, members of the Church, joinlhc irs with Jesus Christ, without a mecliator, why cannot

.msus

CHRIS'l' 'J'llE MEDIATOR

39

the worl<l, in the M illcnnial Age, attain to human per- .

kction and ohc<lience to Goel without a mediator, seeing
that these persons <lcscrihcd above were in exactly the
smnc condition ns the world is now in, according to the
scriptmcs? Tn<lced, it would seem that it woulcl be easier
ror the work! to do so in the Millennial Age, in view of
the fact that Satan is to he hound, and conditions then
will he in every way more fovorable than now. If any
member of this sinful, degraded race can be accepted by
(;ocl without a l'v1cdiator, why is a mediator needed at
:di: why cannot all he accepted in the same way?
Having seen in the scriptures above quoted that the
members of the Church, before accepting Christ, were at
variance lo Goel, let 11s now note that they have become
rcconcilecl lo (;ocl, and that the reconciliation was effected
through Jesus Christ. Thus we will sec that Jesus Christ
interposed bet ween Goel and those who are now members
of the Church. "with a view to reconciling them," and that
he DID reconcile them, and that, therefore, according to
the clcfinilions given above, ancl the definitions of others,
CllRTST WAS THEIR MEDIATOR.
Rom. 5: 1o, "When we were enemies, we were reconciled to Goel BY THE DE/\TH Or HIS SON."
2 Co~. 5 :18-19, "And all things arc of God, who
hath REO>NCfLED US TO HIMSELF BY JESUS
CHHTST. and hath given to 11s the ministry of reconciliation. To wit, that God was TN CHRIST, RECONCILING the world unto himself, not imputing their
trespasses unto them ; ancl hath committed unto us the
wore! of reconciliation."
Col. t :21-22. "Ancl you, that were sometimes alicnatccl, and enemies in your mine! by wickccl works, yet
now hath he RECONCILED TN THE BODY Of.'
11 TS FLES lI Tl I ROUCH DEATH. to present yo11
holy and unhlamcahlc and 11nrcproveahlc in his sight.''
1~0111. 5: 1 r, "Anet not only so, lmt we also joy in Goel
thrn11g-h m11 LORD JESUS CHlHST, BY WHOM

40

vrnw::;

ON

nm

<..:OVEN AW1'8, E'l'C.

WE HAVE t\iOW H.. ECEI VEU TlfE ATONEMENT llilcrally, ''Tile l{cconcilialion").''
i\la11y other verses show lhal we liavc oblaim:<l peace
with <.;ud throug-h Christ Jesus, recrn1cilialio11 tltruugh
him, after having 1>1.:cn oul of hamwny with l;ud, "at
variance .. lo him.
Thus we sec fro111 Ll1c Scriptures lhal Jesus ChrisL did
effect rcc1mcilialio11 lictwe..:n (;0<1 and the 111e111iicrs uf
th<: Chu rch al a '. i111<: wlie11 they were al variance. and
that he was, tllt'rdort'. Litt l\:l l~!Ht\T< )[{ UF Tl 11:
Cl I Li RC.:11, and oi llS, lht 111c;1111ilr:-; of the Clturch.
All attempt~ to appr"ach ( ;od without a 111ecliator an~
an i11sult-hoth lo th<: Father and lo Lill' Sw1. "No 111a11
C(llllelh unto the Father l>ttl /J_v 111t'." (joht1 14 :o. )
''Come unto Go<l by him.'' ( Lleh. 7 :25.) "Whatsoever
ye ask the Father in 111y 11C11111'." (john 1G :23.) "For
lhrottgft. him we both have access hy one spirit unto lhe
Father." ( l~pli. 2 :18.) "I thank my (;qd lfm111gft. Jesus
Christ." ( Rom. 1 :8.)
No 111a11 ever did or ever will find acceptance with (;od
who rejects lht.: 111cdialio11 of .ksus Christ. Nu man ever
ca111e lo !he Father cxcepl hy the f\le<lialor, Jesus. No
mediator means 110 alo11c111e11l, hcc;mse it is the mediator
'lhat effects the alo11c111<:11!. To rcjecl tht 111ediator is lo
reject Jcsl1s a11cl his a!o11i11g work. as the Editor of Zion's
Walch Tower clearly slates. We quulc from the Watch
Tower. pa~c 2(>0, issue C)f 1\ugt1st 15, 1901 :
"Co11ti11ui11g- tht same line nf t\int1ght. viz., a comparist>ll of the l wo n1ediators. and the two covenants,
the apostle draws lo our :tltt11tio11 the fact thal lsrad
cot1ld 110( e11dt1rc till' ltrribk 111a11i fcstatiuns 11f divi1ll'
pmn:r and jn~lice at i\'l l. Sinai, although they were only
typical ; and that as the typical Jsraelill's nce<kil and
desired lo he dealt with rcpresenlalivcly instead of directly, through a 111e<liator aml not per~onally,-lo lit
in the hands of the lll<:c\iator, and nnl i11 the hands or
Cod-st>. says the apostle, i11 respl'cl lo the New Cove-

.msus CllR18'1' 1'118 MlWIATOlt

41

nant, and in respect to those who have apprehen<lcd

that IT WAS SEALED WTH THE BLOOD OF
CllRIST. AND THAT IT IS lN OPERATION
NOW. t\ND THAT WE HA VE THE UENEFITS
UF JT CON FEHRED UPON US.
lF WE
SllOULD REP UDIAT I~ Tl LIS NEW COVENANT
IT WOULD MEAN THAT WE WOULD THEREllY REP UDIATE CllRIST. AS OUH. MEDIATOR.
AND WOULD FALL !;\;TO TllE IIANDS OF
TllE LlVINCi (;on, TO !IE DEALT WITH DIRECTLY l\Y lllf\l. t\N'D Tlli\T WITliOUT
MERCY. The apnsllc clinches his argument \Jy saying-. 'It is a fearful thing- to fall into the hancls of the
livin~

Cml.'-llcb. 10 :31.
"Jt woul<I be a fearful 1hi11~ to fall into the hands of

Lhc livin~ Cod. nol because (jod is unjust, lmt because

he is j ui>t : and because we arc imperfect, and therefore
could not hope to meel the requirements of the Law of
ahsolute jt1sticc. Divine justice would l>c to us as a
co11st1111i11g- fire. dc$lroyi11g- 11$. because we could not
romply with its rcq11irc111e11tf;. IT IS FOJ:{ THIS
REASON THAT GOD HAS 1\ PPOINTED FOR
US J\ COVENANT OF :\IERCY. OF WHICH
.JESUS JS TUE GHE/\T PROJIIIET AND
1\IED11\TOH. GOD HAVING J\ !'POINTED THIS
ONE CHANNEL OF iWEHCY 1T lS FOR US TO
:\CCEl'T IT t\S 11 f~ 11ROl~FERS IT. OH. REJECT! NC IT. TO FALL INTO TfrE 11/\NDS OF JUSTICE AND TO i\IEET OUR DESERTS. UTTim Dl~STl{LJCTI< >N. Tl It >SE WI 10 REJECT
Cl! I\ IST, Tl IE f\I EDI /\TOR OF Tl IE NEW COVEN1\NT. WILL SLJFFl~J{ .M URE THt\N THOSE
WI 10 REJl:crrm Tl IE TYi>fCt\L i\lED IATOR.
!\COSES : l,.Of{ Tll E LATTl.<:R LOST MERELY
Tl 1E l'RESFNT UFE. llllT W ILL HA VE SI l i\RE
IN TllE RESTITUTION BLESSINGS OF THE
NEXT 1\GE: \VlllI.E :\LL WITO lNTELLI-

42

v rnws ON 'l'Irn cov l~N AN'1'8, E'f<J.

GENTLY AND WlLLFULLY REJECT TllV.: MEDIATOR OF TfIE NEW COVENANT WJLL DIE
THE SECOND DEATH. This is in full accor<l wilh
the statement of our text, 'The soul that will not hear
l obey J that l 'rophct shall be destroyed from among lhe
people. ' "
Watch Tower of April t, 1898, pa~e 105, col. 1 :
"J\ncl even after we have rcccivecl C hrist and (~od's
grace in him, and arc no longer recognized as strangers,
ali~ns to Goel, hut sons, as servants of rig-htc.011sncss,
an<l no longer servants of sin, being i111pcrfrcl, we arc
not free from blemishes of word, thoug"ht ancl eked:
yet, God's grace 1111dcr lhr Ncw Cm1a11a11t continues
with us to cover our blemishes until pcrfrcled in the
resurrect ion."
Watch Tower of August 15, 1901, page 26o:
"The Apostle assures us of this :-that the Law
Covenant was a type, an illustration of a greater and
more wonderful covenant, bctwccu God nncl his people
in the future. He points out to 11s that as l'vloses was
a type of Christ. the great Prophet, so .the animalulood he usecl in scaling that typicill Law Covenanl
represented or typified the blood of Chrisl-the bloocl
which seals. makes hin<ling, ratifies, the New Covenant.
Our Lord referred to the same thing in connection with
his tknth. and the institution of the memorial supper,
when he said~ 'This i~ the blood of the New Covenant.
sheet for many for the remission of sins.'-M att. 26 :28.
"J,V c arc surl' I/tat wa arc 1igllt iii this a11f>licatio11;
hecill1Sc the apostle, in 1lehrcws 9 :19, 20, refers us
hack to lhc scaling- of the Law Covenant, saying, 'When
IV!oses hild spoken every precept to all the people, according to the Law. he took the bloocl of calves and of
goats. with water, and scarlet wool, ancl hyssop. a11d
sprinkled both the hook and all the people, imyi11g-,
'This is the blood of the covenant which Cod hath enjoined 11nto you.' The entire tenor nf thC' apostle's

MEDJA'l'OR Dl,i;TWEEN GOD ,lcND !vlAN.

43

argument shows us that he understood and taught that

the anlitype of this was to be found in Christ, in his
sacrifice for sins. Continuing the same argument, into
lhc next chapter ( Heb. 10: 16), the apostle shows that

Tl fE WORK OF OUR LORD JESUS IN OFFERTNCi UP HffltSELF, AS THE RANSOM PRICE

FOH. l\fJ\NKIND. W1\S SEALING THE NEW
COVENANT. THE ANTITYPICAL COVENANT,
which Cotl had promised through Moses, and through
:lll the prophets. saying, "This is lhe covenant. that I
will make with them AFTER THOSE DAYS, saith
the Lord.'
"The apostle evidcntly understood that the covenant
which !\loses, lhe prophet, institutecl, typified the better
covenant, which the greater prophet, Christ, would institute in due time. Proceeding to compare these two
prophets, the typical !\loses and the antitypical Christ,
the Apostle says, 'He that despised Moses' Law. died
wilhoul mercy : .
. of how much severer punishment suppose ye shall he be thought worthy who
hath troclden tlnder foot the Son of God, and counted
the bloocl of the (New) Covenant. wherewith he was
sanctified an unholy thing and hath done despite unto
the Spirit of grace?' (Heb. ro :28, 29.) The apostle's
argument evidently is that if Goel puts so much dignity upon the typical prophet, Moses, that violation of
hi~ covenant wotild mean death, we might reasonably
expect that a severer punishment would come to all
those who shall be 1->rought under the benefits of the
New Covenant, and who shall then spurn them, not
appreciating- the fact thnt they were secured by the
precious blood of Christ, the antitypical prophet.''

44

ONE

VlJ~W8

ON TIIE C.:OVl':NANTS,

~1ED1ATOR

l~TC.

DETWEEN GOD AND MAN.

A most familiar tcxl, and a fon:d11l one, is fcH111d in

I Tim. 2 :4-7:
"vVho will have all 111c11 to lit saved. and !n co111e
\lltlo lhc knowledge of the truth.
For there is one Goel . and 011e 111ctliatur l.Jel\\'cc11 l;od
and men, the MAN CllRIST JE~Ll.'\:
Who g;we himself a ransom F< IR ;\I.I.. lo lie lcstificcl in clue time.
\.Vhcrcunto l am ordained a pn:achcr. and an apostle,
(I speak the lntlh in Christ. and lie 1111!; I a teacher <>f
the (jcntilcs in faith and vcrilv.''
By those who teach that Jesus.Christ i:-1 not the mediator
of the members of the Church, il is claimed I hat lhe word
"men" in the verse, "There is one God and one mediator
between Goel ancl men," docs not inclurle the members of
the Church, hut refers only lhe world. Let us note the
context of this verse an<l sec whether or nol lhat is the
thought intended to be conveyed hy the Apostle. T11 thc
4th verse the /\po!'tlc states that il is the Lord's will lhal
all J\TEN should be saved, and should come u11lo the
knowledge of the truth. /\re the members of, thc Ch11rch
included in these "all men"? All will admit that they arc.
Again in the sixth verse he slatcs that Jesus gave himsdf
a ransom for AT.I.. Do these "all" include all men. all
members of lhc race? Unclouhlcclly they do. Do they
then inclucle the members of the Church? Assuredly they
cln. Well, if the Apostle is tnlkin~ alirmt all men, all thr
mcmhcrs of Lht> race. including- thl' rncmhers of the
Church. in the 4th ancl 6th verses, is it at all likely lhat
he suclrlenly gave the wnrcl ''men" a dirfercnt mcanin~ in
the v<.'rsc between. aml that without indicating- in any way
that he purposed such a chang-e of meaninj!"? Tt seems
ahsurd to claim that lite npostlc sho11lcl talk ahout saving
all men, all the members nf the racc. in !he 4lh verse,
then s11clclrnly. without warni ng-. rrfcr only to those out-

JN DUE TJMF..

45

side of tlie Clwn:h, in the 5th verse, and then again, without any warning-, revert lo "all men'' i11 the 6th verse.
Notice, too, tJ1e language use<l. The apostle first slates
that ( ;nd will ltavc ;ill 111cn Lo lie saved. This implies that
lhl'\' arc 11ol nuw :;av1:d, and arc therefore out of harllloi1y wilh Gnrl. I le then says lliat Lhcrc is one who is
empowered lo acl as a go-bclwec11. a mediator between
these "all 111e11'' ti nclmling- lhl Church), and Goel, for the
pttrpo:-t: of saving all 111c11. I le then says that that mediator, the 111a11 jl'sus Christ. made that possible hy giving
l1i 111scl f a ranSOlll for all men. i11ch1ding- the 111e111bers of
th1 t.J111rch. and thal Lhe tcsti111011y lo that effect was to
lu: 111a<k k11ow11 i11 its proper 1in1l's. The reasoning is
plain and dear, and there is 1m <louht that the Apostle
includes the 111e111hers of the Church in the "all men."
Where is there anv evidence lo show that such was not
the case? The mccliaticm must have extended as far as
the rn11son1, and the ransom cxtenclcd to every member of
the race tif sinners. inchtding- the members of the Church.
The word "men" in the 5th verse is used without any
restriction whatever, and 111t1sl he understood to refer to
all men, unless positive evidence can be found in the
Scriptures lo the contrary. We think such cannot be
rcn111ct. liut that the entire evidence of the Scriptures
prove~ that Jesus Christ is the mediator of the Church
al Llic present time, and will be the mediator of the world
of mankind in the Millennial A~c.

IN DUE TIME.
lt is also claimed that the "<lue time" 111c11tioncd in the
6th verse means the Millennial Age only, and that therefore Jesus Christ is uot now acting as mediator. Let us
11oticc the meaning of the Greek words which have been
translated "iu due time."
The Greek words arc, "kairois i<liois," and literally
rendered would mean, "in its own seasons," the word
"idioi~" meaning "its own" or "his own," and not having

46

vrnws oN Trrn

<~on;NAJ'\1'R, r~w'.

in it the tho11ght of "due," as it has hcc11 translated.

In l Tim. 6 :t 5, the same words arc lramdakd "in his
Limes."
The Emphatic Diagluu rcmlcrs the passagL' i11 I Tim.
2 :6, lhus: "The ll'sli111011v in ils own St:asrnls."
lfotherham translnlL'S it. thus: "The tcsli111011v i11 Jts
ow11 fit times."

The Corrected Eng-lish N cw Testa1n1:11l g-i vcs il Lh11s:

"To be testified of i11 the proper scasous."
The Hevised \'crsio11 thus: "The lcsti1rn111y (1> he
borne in its own ti111cs."
Samuel Daviclso11':- Lra11slalio11 of Tischc11durf's last
Greek edition: "The testimony in its own seasons."
The Lhoughl evidently is that the tcstillluny was lo IJc
made known whenever proper so to du, in its own proper
seaso11s, and the apostle tells us in the 7th verse that he
was ordained a hlrald a11cl an apostle for the very purpose of licarin~ the testimony lo the (jentilcs in his day.
He was not referring- lo the lVl ilk1111ial Age, some l\110
thousand years to come.
To say, as some have said, that Jesus Christ "will be"
the mediator, hut thal he is nol now the mediator, is to
directly contradict the words of the Apostle, who tells us
that he is not lying in regard lo this matter. Let us
take the Apostle's words in this matter, rather than those
of anyone who finds it necessary to twist and change the
meaning of thc'wor<ls lo fit some unscriplural view.
Again, if il be proper lo misquote aml twist the verse
lo read, "There will be, or there is going to he, one
Mediator," it is just as proper to make it read, ''There
will be, or there is going to be, one God." Such arc the
absurdities to which the views we arc combatting lead.

DOF.S A imDTA'T'OR USE

FORCl~1

47

DOES A .MEDIA TOR USE f.ORCE?

It has Ileen :->lall'<l al variou:- t imcs that force, compulsion, stripes, de., will uc w;cd hy Christ as the ~lecliator
nf the world, and Lhal as we die\ nut need such, therefore
he is not o ur mediator. J\s a matter of fact, force, compulsiun, clc., arc.: entirely foreign a11cl contrary to the
work of a mediator. They have 110 part in mccliation,
which deals with the bring-ing tugcth1.:r. willingly, of parties who arc al varia111:c. J\ lll('clialor has 110 power tu
crn11pcl either party lo accept him as mediator, or lo
accept anything- he may do or demand as mcclintor.
J<.'sus Chri~I the I\lediator of the New Covenant will
11evcr compel anyone lo accept his friendly offices, but
h<.' will perform the office of .Mediator for those, and
only those, who themselves desire Lo be reconciled to

Goit.
J\ mediator is "one wlto acts as a 11111t11al agent or
Stanclarcl Dictionary. "One who mediates (a
mediator) must clo so by the request or al least with the
i.:onscnl of the contending parties." From English
Synonyms, A11tony111s ~lt1cl Prepositions, by Jas. C.
Fernald.
To be a mediator, as above shown, implies the consent of both parties. These adverse parties have no
direct co1111111111ication, uut both consent to act or communicate through a third party, according to all authorities on lhc use of this worct.
This nsc of the word is in harmony with Bible usage.
Consider first the type, the Law Covenant, and its mediator. Diel Moses, the mediator of the Law Covenant, use
force, cotllpnlsion, stripes, etc., lo make the Israelites
accept the Law Covenant? No, nol at all, for we read
( Exod. :m: 18-21), "And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, an<l the noise of the trumpet,
and the mountai n smoking: and when the people saw it,
they removed, ancl stood afar off." (They .saw the ex-

friend ."

'1~

VJ l:w:-; ON 'I'll I:

c;On:NAN'r~,

l:'I'<:.

cccdi11g glory uf lhis 111;111ifcstali1111 uf ( ;od's puwcr and

grcalmss, a11d Lhl'y k11l'1\ that direct co111111u11irnlin11 with
so 111ighty and gl11ric111s a11d j11~;f a IKi11g would 111c;111
cleat Ii 111 tl11:111-"C 111r t ;utl is a r11nM1111i11g- fin:" lo evil
and i111pcrkl.'.lio11 - hvnlT "ilil')' ~aicl 1111t11 i\los<'~, Spcal,
lhrn1 with 11s ( 1lial is, I ~l' om 1m:dialor) a11tl we will
hear: bu t kt not ( ;11tl ..,pc:ak with us, h:st Wl' die." l\ lusrs
acccptl'\l and bl'c:1111t: lhvir mcrliatm. I Ir slrnll l lil'lwcc11
t;ocl a11d Lht111 ll'illi lh\' CllllSl'lll of Jinth Hild hv lhtir
chi 1osi11g.

Is it 11111 sn in !Ill' :i111i1ypc ~ I >11 1111l \\'l' \\'li11 lia\'e

approad1ld 1111to l\ln1111l /.i1111 ( lld1. 12 :..u), lilt a111ilypc o( l\lrn1nl Sinai, n'l'11g11ize lirst o f all our si11rul.
degrackd co11diti1111, and Lile h11pdess11Lss cif 1111r situation? Do 11e n<>l lrnow that if we appnmch directly to
(;ocl, the Father, iL will 111ca11 total deslrnclion? "I le
th<1l hearcth of the Father and learntlh r)f I li111 ( uf his
righleousnesg) rn11ll'lh unto 111e (Jesus Christ)... (john
(i:45.) Whe11 we as si11 11ers (antilypcs qf the Jews
coming- lo l\'l l. Sinai) hear uf the Father and karn of
him (learn of his pcrfcct j11sticc, ctc . ) as they clicl i11
the type al the 11101111tain. we seck, as they did. and as Joh
says (job. 9 :32 .13) f<>r a days111a11. an u111pirc, a mediator. and we accept his officl.'s hy l'aith unto J11slilicatio11.
This is ll'll l'. as all hontst heartl'cl pt'rsons nmst conccclc
who stnd)' it, of the C hurch in lite (;ospel /\gc, and it
will he lntl' of he worlcl in the Millc1111ial /\gt'. as it is
written. "Thy peopll shall he willing in the day of thy
power." Psa. 110 :3.
As a king- he will rnlc the people and nations, amt
cxctt1te upou them j11clg111ents written. but in his office
as ~Mediator he will act nnly at the request and with the
consent of bulh pa1ties-C;nd ancl man. This is shown
ln the type, because it is aclmillccl the nation of Israel at
Ml. Sinai represented the <tholc world coming- lo God.
It is also shown in the work of the Millcn11ial Age. for
the hem:fits of the hlnocl nf the New Covenant. !he hloncl

(If ~1ur dear Lurd Jesus, will be applied for cancellation

of sins only where it is wanted, and we arc told in Isa.

I 15 :20 that some even in that favorc<l ti Ille will 11ot con~c11l lo n:cciv1: the l>lcssings through the Mediator,
through the blood, am! lhcy shall be deslroyecl. Defore
being' destroyed lhcy shall have experienced the reign of
lcsus as Kin~-hc shall havt' "rnkd them wilh a rod of
iron," and they shall have hctn lllade to know of the
ll'rllls of salvation, they shall have knowledge whether
1l1cy will or 11nl. \mt as for Jesus as thei r Mediator, this
oflin will not he forced upon them. They must desire
and n:qucst it, and consent lo it. or be d~stroyecl as
unworthy of l .l FE.

THE BLOOD OF JESUS AND THE BLOOD OF

TfIE NEW COVENANT.
Those who aclvucatc the lheorv that the Church needs
lltcdial<>r and is not under 'the New Covenant say
that there is a difference between the blood of Jesus anct
the blootl of the New Covenant.
They say that the bloocl of Jesus a/011c is not the blood
of the N cw Covenant. but that fl is blood an cl the bloocl
of the Church mixed log-ether constit11le the blood of
the New Covenant.
Thcv tell 11s lhat the hloocl of the New Covenant was
11ol p~urcd 011l for lhc Church's benefit, b11t that it is
(xcl11sivcly for the world, file Jewish and other nations;
att<I thal il only began to be poured out when our Lord
iliccl. and that it has been pouring- out ever since by the
death of the members of the Cht1rch; and that when the
last member of the Church will have died, thrm the blood
of the N cw CnYcnant will have been completely poured
nut. A ftcr this they tell tis the Church wil\ join the
Lord in sealin~ the N cw Covenant. But is that what our
Loni says?
Turnii1~ to l.\1kc 22 :20 we read (Sec also I Cot:
110

50

vn:w::i

ON 'J'lH: COVENAN'l'S,

l:-rc.

i 1 :2s, an <l l\ilatt. 2G :z8) : "This Clip is lhc New Covenant in My blood, lliat i11 :.011r be/tall being- poured out."
This and the o ther ve rses referred t1 i show the 11ltrr
falseness of the above mentio ned thlory. t hir Lorcl tells
us plainly lhal his blood 11/o11c ( 110! his i>lnl>d 111ixl.'d with
the blood of the (hun:h) is the blond 1if lhc New Covenant. Not i1:e he says, ' '/llY hlood" (not t\/jl blood and
yow blood mixed together. h ut J1f }" lil<>rnl ;tlnne ). /\11d
he also tells us Iha! !tis hltJocl was poured out fur lh1
Clwrch's {1c11cfil. I le says, rn your lnJralf bdng poured
out" (not in behal f of the world >mrcly. hut in your
beha/f as well).
But what is meant by the blood of lilt New Covenant
being poured oul in uur be ha If? l L llll'a1ts I hat fl)rgivcness of sins ancl all other New Covenant likssi11g; cunw
to us as a result of the po uring 011l of the blood of lhc
New Covenant. Without the shcdcli11g of blond there
cmtlcl be 110 fo rgiveness of sins, and so onr T.orcl"s blood
was shed i11 order that the New Covcna11l mig-ht be se;1lcd
and that, as a result, we mig-hl have cmr sins foq:~ivcn .
Anet so, in l>lalt. 2G:28, we read: This ,is All' hloocl o[
the ( Ncw) Covc11a11l that is pourlcl out for many (for
all, the c hurch a11cl the world) for forgi<1e11css of sins."
So we sec t hat when we obtained forgiveness of sins, '.JC
received it under the New Covcna11t, which was scaled
by the p recious bloocl o f Christ, for that is the only way
to get it. We" arc s ure lhat no o ther covenan t provides
for the forg-ivencss of sins.
Notwithstanding these plain statements of our Lord,
we arc to ld that, "The New Covenant is n ot yet in existence and that we have nothing- to clo with that New
Covenant." Ir that he the case, if we have 11othi11g lo do
with the New Covenant, then we have nothing to do
with the bloocl of Jesus, because o ur I.o rcl tells us plainly
that lzis bloocl is the hlood of the New Covenant, the
blood which sealed and made operative the New Covenant. The fact that we have rcccivccl t he fo rg i ven ess

THE

m,oon

OF

.rnsus.

51

of sins prnvl's that the New Covenant has been scaled

and made operative and that we arc under it. Christ
must die and bcco111<.: the propitiation, the co111plclc satisfaction, for our sins ancl the sins of the whole world,
and sc:al the New Covenant with his precious blood hefore
C;od could forgive nur sins.
Christ's (lea th, the she<l<ling
nf his blood, and the sealing- of the New Covenant give
c';otl the power lo forgive our sins and justify us. /\s
we read in Romans 3 :24-26:
"! Icing- justified fr<'ely hy his i:;rnce through the
rccle111ption that is in Christ Jesus: Whom Goel hath
1-;ct forth to be a propitiation through faith, in his blood,
lo declare his righ lco11s11css for thc remission of sins
that arc past, through !he forbearance of God; To
declare, I say, at this time his righ!co11sness; that he
rnigltl he just, and the justifier of him which !Jclicveth
in Jesus."
We nrc justified (Rom . 5:9), scr11ctificd (Heb. to:10,
14, 29 ancl r3:r2), forgi7c11 (Eph. t :7; Col. t :r4 1
rlra11scd (I John 1 :7). nashccl (Rev. 1 :s). and we
mr1co111c by (Rev. r2 :10. 11 ). and rccrirc life (John
(i :5.~) from the blood of lhc N cw Cove11C111t.
nut some may say that the wnrds. New Covenant, arc
not found in those verses. Trne, hut we all know that
the~ refer to the hlootl of Jesus, and the blood of Jesus
(nm Lo rel tells us) is the blood of the N cw Covenant.
~o that, if we arc j11srified, sa11ctifird, forgt'vcn, c/ca11scd,
r,Mshcd, ancl we ovcrco111c hy, ancl rccrii1r /if e from, the
liloocl of Jes\ls, and the blood of Jesus is the blood of
the New Covenant, then we arc j11slifird, sanctified, for.t:i<'l'll, rlra11sccl, washed, etc., hy the blood of the New
Covenant. You cannot make an ythin~ else out of it. If
we kccp in mind the fact that there is absolutely no
difflrcnce hetwcen the hlood of Jesus C1ncl the blood of
the New Covenant, that they arc one and the same blood
a11<1 thC1t the only. blood there is, is the blood of the New
Covenant. and that alt the blessings that are said to be

derived from the hlc>ncl uf Uirisl arc :-\cw Covenant

l1kssin~s. \\'C shall have: rn1 lro11hlc i11 gdtin~ the Script11ral \i1.\\ tJi lliis 111alll:r.
\\\ arc told 1'1a1 wh1.11 the ili:-ripks dra11l; till' ntp
lia111kd lhe111 II\' 11111' l..11nl, ;tl llic i11sti111tio11 of 1111:.
~1<:111ori al Supper, that that cc 1-e111011y was intended Lo
rq1rcst:11l the discipks and oll11.r ronsccralcd l>clicvcrs as
sharin.~ with je:-.LlS th1. ltu11ur of lici11~ th1. propitiary
.,acrilin-, lit1t sud1 is not the case. I l 111cr1.ly n:prescllll'd
It)\\' lhl')' shared a111011g- ll11.111sdvcs lilt: hc11('/,'/s or 1111
"011t offering."
< >ur I .on! 1.:xplaim; this 1nallcr ck<1rly
i11 J11h11 (i:s.1- I k says: "Verily, verily, I say unto rott.
cxccpl ye cat the lk:;h u( the Son or 111a11, and drink hi:hlood, )'C have nu life in ynlt. " So i11 mdcr that we .111ay
/1(17.lt' /if<' in us \\'I.: 11111st cal of the lksh of lhc S1111 of
ma11 a111l clri11k his blood, which flesh and blood an:
referred to hy our Loni in co1111cctio11 with the Lord's
Supper, i11 Luke 22: l<J, 20: "J\11d he look bread. and
g"avc thanks, and brake it. and gave unto them, ~aying-.
This is my borly which is given fur you: this clo in rc111e111hrance Qf me. Likewise <ils<i !he cup aflcr supper,
sayi11g, This rnp is th1.: new testament [covenant J in my
hlood, which is shccl for \'OU."
Thal the tcn11s ''talin~ his flesh" a11c.1 "drinking- his
IJluod" arc interchangeable with hclicving in hi111, is
made clear fnim John <i :33. 40 and .t7
"If we lu:licve the words of our blessed Master,
t hat the hlood of the New Covenant is 'MY bloocl.' let
tts holcl to that vn:ciuus t ruth at all cost; a1)cl, let us
not constitute ourselves candidates fo r the 'm uch sorer
ptmishment' by w resting our Lord's wonls, and saying
that the sacrifice is 'primar ily His, ancl scco11darily
ours,' thus counting the blood of the Covenant, the
'1111c offering,' a 'common thing,' 'shared by several.'"

-Bro. E. C. He1111in~cs.
Seven blessings of the New Covenant which will come
to the ncshly Israel in the next age arc mcntionccl in

HEBREWS 9:13-15.

53

Hebrews 8, and by comparing Scripture with Scripture

we can see that those blessings have come to the Church
cluring the Gospd Age, which is fu rther proof that the
Church is under the New Covenant. In the Jolh to 12th
verses, it is sai<l:
( 1) "I will put my law in their minds." Has he
put his laws in our minds? Yes.
(2) "And write them iii their hearts." Has he
written them in our hearts? Y cs.
(3) "I will be lo them a Goel." Is he our God?
Yes.
( 4) ''They shall IJe tu me a people." Arc we his
people? Yes.
(5) "All shall knuw me, from the least to the
greatest." Do all the Church know him? Y cs.
(6) "I will be 111erciful to their unrighteousness."
!las he been merci u l to om t111 righteousness? Yes.
(7) '"Their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more." Docs he re111cmbcr these against us?
No. Have we received this blessing? Yes.
Thus it will be seen that all the blessings of the New
Covl'llanl co111c to the Church.
Let us rc111c111bcr th<it lhc rrco11rili11g blood, the j"sti(yi11g blood, the so11ctifyi111; blood. the si11-forghi11g blooti,
the clca11si11g and rmslti11g blood, the ovcrco1ning blood,
and !he life-gi1i11g blood. is the New Covenant blooc.I, the
hloocl of Jcs us, hi's OLC11 i11dit1idrral blood, "MY blood."
When asked wha:t Covenant we arc under, let tis m1S\\'er, "The Covenant to which the ("MY") blood be
longs. the New t<>'<'l'lln11t.''
llEl\RE\VS 9:r3- t5.
I 11 llcb. <): r3-15 is another strong- argument showini:
the I\ cw Covenanl has alrcadv been cstahlishcd anll i~
now in operation. \V c read :
'Tor if the blood of hulls and of goats, and th<

54

VU.:\V8 ON 'i'UE C.:OVENAN'l'S, BT<.:.

ashes of an heifer sprinkling Lhc undca11, sanctificth lo

the purifyi11g of the flesh,
How much more shall the hloocl of Christ {the ;u1litype of these lmlls antl goals and heifer), wl1u thr()ugh
the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God,
purge your cu11sciem:e from dea<I works to :-;erve the
living Gud.
/\11tl for this cause he is the llledialor of the New
Covenant, that hr 111ca11s of death, for the reclcmption
o( lite lransg-ressions that were 11111kr the lirst testallll'lll (cOVl'tHt11t) they which are called might receive
the pro111ise of ekrnal inheritance.'"
In ulhcr words, if cvc11 the blood u( :tni111als works
ckansing, how much 111orc the hlood of Christ. l f that
c!kcts the pmily of the flesh, this effects the purity of the
conscic11cc. /\ccorrli11g to N nm be rs ''J those who hy
contact with a <lead body had become clclilccl must lie
sprinkled with a mixture of water and the ashes of a
spotless red heifer wholly consumed hy lire, of which the
ashes were preserved in a clean place without tlw ca111p.
( Num. 19 :9 1 13, 20, 2r.)
As in the type the sacrilices ckansed aucl saucl'.licd lo
the purifying of the lksh. so the sacrifice of Jesus Christ,
the anLitrpc of all these, g-ivcn once ror all, is able to
"purge your conscience from <leacl works to serve tlt1
livin~ Goel." And on this account. jui;t ''for this cause."
just for thi:-: rt.'ason, just because <he sacr ifice of Chris~
acrn111plishc<I' that \\'hich the Law sacrilkcs were nnahle
10 accomplislt, I le is the i\lediatnr .,r the New Cov(:nant.
The sacrifices under !he Law Covenant cnnlcl not make
!ht tn111ers thcrrnntn perfect ( l leh. 10: 1) ; hut liy OJ/'
11/l"cri11g lie hath perfected forl'vcr the111 lhal arc sanclilicd. They could not pmge the conscience from sin
(! lei>. 10:14, 2). !mt lhc blood o[ Christ docs. They
cottl<l not takt away sin ("for it is not possible that th(
hl0tid of bulls ancl of goals shuttld lake away sin"). hut

HEBREWS 9:16-17.

. 55

the blood of Christ docs. And for this reason he is the

Mediator of the New Covenant.

Christ uccame the mediator of the New Covenant in

onkr that our consciences might be purged from dead
works, in order that we might serve the living God in
Spiri t and Truth. This would have been impossible apart
from Christ's blood and mediation.
N olicc the apostle points out fort her that Christ by
means of his death has completely met the demands of
the Law Covenant ag-ainst the Jewish people for the
transgressions committed under the Law, and since He
has clone this and become the Mediator of the New Covemll1t, which has been scaled with his own precious blood,
the call of the Gospel Age can be promulgated and the
called may receive the promise of eternal inheritance.
Four things arc here mentioned by the Apostle as impossible until after Christ died antl became Mediator of
the New Covenant:
( 1) The purging of the Church's conscience from
dead works to serve the living God.
( 2) The redemption of the transgressions against the
first covenant.
( 3) The promulgation of the Go!ipel Age call.
That those having been called might receive the
promise of eternal inheritance.'.

<4)

TTEDREWS 9:16-17.
Co11~ideratio11 of verses 16 ancl 17 of Hebrews 9 would
properly come in here ancl we quote from the Diaglott:
"For where a covenant exists, the death of that
whirh has ratified it is necessary to be produced; bcra usc a covenant is firm over dead victims, since it is
11cvcr valid when that which ratifies it is alive."
/\dam Clarke, LL.D., F.S.t\., the notecl Bible commcnlator, gives the following translation of these verses,
with comment as quoted:

56

VIEWS ON THE COVEN ANTS, ETC.

'"Verse 1Q. 'For where a lestament is.' A learned

aml judicious friend furnishes me with the followini;
lranslation of this and the I 7th verse:
"For. where there is a cuvcnanl. il is nccessa1v that
the dcalh of the appuinlc<l victim should be exhibiled,
because a covenant is confirmed over <lead <.rictim.~:
since it is not at all valid while the appointed ictim
is alive.''
.. Jlc observes, 'There is 110 wore! signi fyin~ tc:slalur, or 111r11, in the original. Diathc111c1ws is nol a Slthslantive, but a participle, or participial adjective. derived fro111 the same root as diallitlr, and 111t1sl have a
substantive untlcrstood. l therefore render it lite
disposed or apt>oi11lctl victim, nllu<ling to the 111a1111cr
of disposii1g or selling apurl the pieces of the victian
whe11 they were going to ratify a covenant; ancl you
know well the old cu~tom of ratifying a covenant, tu
which the /\postlc alh1<ks.'
"l\lr. \Vakcfidd has translatl'cl the passage nearly
in the same wa ,. :
"'Fnr. wher~ a CO\'l'nanl i.~. lhcre -must he nectssarilv introduced the dt'alh of that which establisliclh
the COVCllant: bCL"allSC a COVCllanl is confirlllCd mer
dead thing-s; and is of 110 force al all whilst that whid1
cstabli~hcth the cuvenant is alive.'
"This is uncloubteclly the n1ea11i11g' of this passage:
<111d we shcluld cnclea\'Or lo foq;:-ct that tcsfa111c11f and
testator were ever i11trnd11recl. as tllcy t0tally change
the apostle's meaning'."
Ira his aclditional obsc1"\'atio11s at the encl of the 9th
chapll'r of Hebrew~. Dr. Adam Clarke m:ikes the following- quotation from Dr. 1\lackni~ht:
"\'erst 17. ./ cfl'i.r11<r11t is fir111 O'<!Cr dcacl sacrifices:
1f'i 11ckrois. N c!n-ois being an adjective, it must han
a s11lista11livc agreeing- with it. either expressed or 1111derstoocl. The substantive umkrstood in this place, I
think. is t/111111asi, sacrifices; for which reason I ltavc

HEBREWS 9:1617.

supplied it in the translation.

57

Perhaps the word :;oois,

a11i111uls, may l>c equally proper; especially as, in the

fulluwi11g dausc, diutlzcmcnos is in the gcn<ler of the
a11i111als appointe<l for the sacrifices. Our translators
have supplied the a11tltropois, men, an<l translatld cpi 11d:rois1 cr;tcr 111rn Cll'e dead, contrary to the
propriety of the phrase.
It 11cvcr liallt force 1.v!lilst the up pointed liveth.
'()ti ::c 'o tficrthc111c11us; supply mosclws, or lrugos, or
ltturos; whilst the rnlf, gout. or bull, <1f>Poilltcd for tire
sacrifice uf ratificulio11, li~L'f/1. The apostle having, in
vl1sc 15, showed that Christ's death was necessary, as
u Al csilus, lite M cdiator, that b. the l 'rocurer and
Ratifier of the Ncw Covenant. he i11 the 16th an<l 17th
\'erscs nhscrves that since Goel'~ covenants with men
were all ratified l>v sacrifices, lo show that his intercourses with men ~ire founclecl 011 the sacrifice of his
Son. it was nrcessarv that the New Covenant itself
slinnltl lie ratilied b_1; his Son's actually dying as a
sacrifice.. ,
Tltc idea contained in the word "testament" is clearly
nol that of a ''last will a11d lesta111e11t,'' as the term is
used today, whereby a "will" may not he executed until
after the death of a per~on making it. Did !\loses make a
will at Ml. Sinai, the provisions of which could only lie
ca rried into effect hy his death? Diel Christ make a will
when he instituted the tast supper? Arc we making a
will now which cannot lie carried out until after our
death? We think not. We want to remcml.icr that God
is tlw maker :111cl testator of covenants and if the New
t "on:nant docs not g-o into effect until Goel dies, it will
11cvtr do so. lint the givi111,t of it would be mere mockery.
The rdcn:nc.:c seems lo he lo the ancient c.:11slom of
I 1ru par lics making- ;1 covenant or agreement over the
ckatl hod\' or !Jodie~ of an animal sacrifice. Such \\'as
ll1c mcth;HI l'111ployccl hy God in connection with the
wvc11a11l with Abraham. (Gen . 15, Gen. 17. ) The Law

58

vrnws

ON

nrn

UOVl~NAN'l'~, B'l'G.

Covenant also was made over animal sacrifices. (Exod.

24 :J-8.) The N cw Covenant is an agreement bet ween
God an<l men 111acle over the slain body of Jesus Christ,
his bloocl being sprinkled on both parties to the covenant.
(Heb. i2:24; 10:22.) This is the blood which he, as
the antitype uf i\loscs the Mediator, sprinkled in heaven,
and which is sprinkled now on us who believe, and who
say, 1\ll the terms of this covenant will we keep.
The blood of Jcs\ls has done for the New Covcna11l,
scaling it, what the hloocl of the sacrifices offered hy
Moses al Sinai ( Ex111l. 24) did fur the ulJ or Law
Covenant.
THE LAW COVENANT AND Tl lE NEW COVENANT CONSIDER.ED AS TYPE

AND ANTlTYPE.
Let us now consider another strong line of proof that
the New Covenant is now in force, in operation, and
that Jesus Christ is its Mediator: that, all the members
of the Church ar c under it; ;mcl that Jesus Christ is the
M eclia1or of every member of the Church. This proof is
to be found in the Law Covenant, the type of the N cw
Covenant.
Types and shadows must agree with the plain statements of the Scriptures, an<l care must he taken that
we clo not find types where none were intended. But
the great type, or series of types of the Law Covenant,
being interpreted for us, can be safely followed, and
from it we may come to appreciate more than ever the
benefit of the New Covenant to us, an<l our neccl o[ a
mediator, anti that Jesus Christ is that mediator whom
God pointed out in the Law Covenant by types ns bcingthc l\fodiator of the New Covenant.
O n page 25 we have <JllOtecl from Zion's v\latd1 Tower
to show that the Law Covenant was a type of the New
Covenant, and we have proven from this and from the

TYPE AND AN'I'lTYl'E.

59

Striplures that when the Law Covenant ended the New

Ct1\cnant began. Note also the following:
Zion's Walch Tower, January 1, i897, page 9, col. 2:
"l :cs ides have we not on a higher or spiritual plane
all thal Israel after the flesh ever ha<l? They came
under lite covenant with Goel-the Law Covenant
sen led with the blood of bulls and goats; we come into
covenant relationship to God under THE NEW
CO\' l~i\'i\NT SEALED WlTII THE Pl~ECIOUS
llLOUD UF Cl IH.IST. Thev had a mediator between c;otl and them-Moses: WE HAVE A I3ETTlm 'i'\IEDli\TOH. nETWEl~N GOD AND .MENTllE M.1\N JESUS ClllHST, WHO GAVE HIMSl:LF A RANSOM FOR ALL.' They had typical
sacrifices for sins: we have the 'better sacrificcs'-the
mll, efficacious sin-offering. They ha<l a priesthood
under a high priest, ancl holy places made with hands,
with their vails, candlestick, table of shew bread and a
J,!'Ol<len altar an<! incense and a mercy scat: we have
the realities therein typified."
Zion's Watch Tower, February 15, 1898, page 63.
rol. 1 : "The Christian has come into relationship to
Grid. not 1111cler the terms of the Law Covenant made
with the Jew. hut UNDER THE TERMS OF THE
NE\.V C(WEN t\NT, SEALED AND RATffJED
WIT fl Tl m J'RECIOUS BLOOD OF CHRIST."
"Oms. the New Covenant. is very much higher than
the Law Covenant. just as its 1\-Tcdiator, Christ, is much
hig-hcr than was the mediator of the Law Covenant,
I\ loses."
s~um page. col. 2: "Nevertheless . . . the
Ten Co111ma11dmc11ts to Israel and their Covenant ancl
their mediator. forc:~haclowed this higher lnw of Love
and OOI~ NEW COVENANT AND OUR GREAT
l\ll~DTATOR" . . . "TITE LAW OF THE
NEW COVENANT. LOVE. COMMANDS ALL
\VITO AIH-: lN CllRIST JESUS TO REST IN

vrnws ON TIIE COVENANTS, ETC.

60

FULL FAITH IN THE l;IrnAT wo1u.: FlN-

lSHED FUR US, llY OUH. MEDlATUH., AT

CALVARY."
The wlwlc artick from which this la!>l quulalion is
taken is well worth reading. as it shows lhat lhc E.dilor
clearly appreciated at that ti111c thal he was under the
Ncw Covenant aml Lhal jl'sus Christ was his 111cdial11r.
The following- Scriptures also prove thal lhl' I .aw
Covenant was lh1. lypc lli Lhc t\1.w Covenant:
"For the Law h;l\ing- a shad11w nf ).t11od things lu
C<Jlllc, and nol lhc very ima~c of !he 1hi11gs, can 11cvcr
with 1h11sc sacriliccs which thl'\' 11ff1.-r1.d rear 11, \'l.'ar
co11li11ually 111akt the l1111lt'rs 1h~n1111l11 fll:rfrcl. ..- ild1.
10: I.

.. \ Vho :-crn: unto lh1.. l' xamplc an cl !>hadow o i

heavenly thin~s. as :\loses was achmmishccl of Go<l
when he was about lo make lhc t;il1crnadc: for. ~cc,
saith lw. that thou make air 1hi11g-s ncl11rdi11g- lo the
patler11 shl'Wld l11 lhc1. in !he 1111nmt." l Ich. 8 :5.
"\V hich arc a shaclow 11f things In c11111c: hut Lhc
hody (the r1..ality. llw suhstancc) is of Christ.'' Cul.

2:17.
Lel us now t:arcfully c:\:u11i111. the details u( Lhcsc lwo
covcm111ts. ;~s type and anlilypc:

"'l.

The Law Covcnanl was ~ivcn al ~IL Sinai.

The !\cw Covenant wa.-; ~iven al
Zion, ''the
heavenly .krnsal1111. ~l'<' 11 l:hrt\\s 12:I8-25.

Ill!\\' TYl'IFIEIJ.
Law Cnvcnanl was lypilicd liy 1 lag-ar. whid1 i~ i\ll.
Sinai.
i\cw Co\cnanl was typificcl l>y Sarnh, ''lite Jcrusalc111
which is above,., to 'vhidt we have ;ipproachccl. Gal.

THE MBDIATOTH3.

Gl

.i :22-27. The alkgory set forth in thc);c verses will he

lrl':ill'cl fully later.

TllE MEDl,\TORS.
Thl' Law Cuvl'IHllll was

~ivc11

al the hands of a me<li-

a111r, !\loses.

"Wher<:fore then servcth Lile Law? It wa.c; adclecl

lil'causl' o[ trn11sgnssio11, till the seed should come to
whrnn. the pr11111isc was 11n1<k; and il was ordained hy
angels i11 the hands of a mediator.'' Gnl. J: 19.
"t\11(( !\loses callccl all lsrnd, and said unto them,
I il-ar, 0 J:;racl. the stalulcs am! juclgmenls which I
!->peak iu your cars this day, that ye may learn them,
and l\cep, and clo them.
The Lord our Goel ma<lc a covenant with us in

I loreb.
The Lord made not this covenant with our fathers,
hut with 11s, even us, who arc all of us here alive lhis
<la\'.

;!'he Lord talkcth with you face to face in the mount

out of the midst of lhc fire.
I stood hetw<.'Cn the Loni ancl you at that time, to
!->how you the word of the Lorcl (I was your mediator): for ye w<.rc afraid hy reason of the fire, and
went not up i11lo the mount." Deut. 5 :1-5.
Sec also John 7: 19; Heb. ro :28; Num. n :2; Psa.
1o6:2.1: John t :17: Exod. 19:7-25: 20:18-21: 24:2.
The New Covenant was given at the hands of a
mediator. Jesus.
"I Int now hath he ohtainecl a more excellent minislr\'. bv how much also he is the mediator of a better
C0\'~11a1it, which H'ClS cslcrblis/1cc.' upon better promises."
fl eh. 8 :6.
''J\nd for this cause he is the mediator of the New
Testamen t (Jiterall>' N cw Covenant)." Heb. 9: r 5.
"\'c a rc come
to Jesus the metli<1tor of the

62
~cw

\"fl:Wf:i 01\:

rim

('()\Tl:N/\i\:'l'li, Vi'I'(',

Covenant. and ln till' hloocl ccf sprinldi11K: clc.

llel>. 12 :24.
"\.VIH1 will hav1. all 1111.:11 111 Ill: .,av1:d and tu ro111t
11111 0 the knuwlcdge nf lhc I milt. Fnr tlwn: is one
l1ucl, and om: mediator liclw1.t11 ( ;od and l\ll11. llir
111aa Christ Jesus, who gave himself a ra11so111 for all.
to lie tc.~tified in due ti111c." I Tim. :! :4-(i.
i\'[oses, the 111ecliator 11f the La w C11vc11:mt, was a lypc
of Jesus Christ. the mcdiatcir o f the :'\l'W Cuv('llillll.
"Fc1r fl.lost"' lmly said 1111t11 tlu: f;il(1(TS, 1\ prophct
shal l the I.uni your t;ml raisl' 11p 1111t11 .1' tH1 11{ .10111'
brethren, like untn 111c: hi111 shall n !war in all thiu~s
whatsoevcr he shall s a y unto yo11:" Acts 3 :2.z.
"And l\loses verily was faithful i11 all his house, as a
servant. for a te:-.li~nu11y of those thi ng's which were
to be spoken after: but Christ as a son over his own
house: whose h</\lsc arc WE. if we hold fast the coufid cnce aud the rejoicing- nf tht hope firm t111to the
end." l leh. J :s. r.
"For ye arc not come unln the 111rn111L lhal might he
touched. and that burned with fire, 110r unto blackness,
a11cl darkness ancl tempest. and ti)(' sounc1 of a trumpet,
ancl the voice of words: which voice they that heard
intreatecl that the word should not he spoken tn them
;mv more (for tht\' could not l'mlurc that which was
coirnnanckcl, and i.f so 11111ch as a heast tcmchccl the
111m111tai11, it shnll he stomcl, cir thrust through with a
clart: and so terrible was the sight that Moses said, I
cxccccli11gly fear ancl quake ) : but ye arc come unto
Mount Zion, and uuto the city of the living- God, the
and to Jesus the mediheavenly Jernsalcm
ator of the New Covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling , that speakcth better things than that of Abel.
Sec that ye refuse not him that spcakcth. For if they
escaped not who rcfusecl him that spake on earth,
much more shall not we escape, if wc turn away from
him that spcakct h from heaven ." I lcb. 12 : 18-25.

Trrn SBAl,lNG.

63

THE SE/\LJN(.j.
The Law Covcua11t was ralilie<l, scaled, or ma<le effective, by Moses, the l\[ctliator, with the blood of
;inimals:
"A11cl' l\loscs wrote all the words of the Lord, an<l
rose up early in the morning-, and l.milclcd an altar un<ler
the hill, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve
1ribcs of Israel. And he sent young 111e11 of the children
of Tsracl which olTerccl lrnrnt ofTcring-s, and sacrificed
peace 01Tcri11gs of o~c11 unto the Lore!. And ?lloses
look half of I he blood, anti put it in basons; and half
of the blood he sprinkled on the altar. And he look
the hook of tlic covenant. and read in the audience of
1hc people: ancl they s;Lid, 1\ll that the Lorcl hath said
will we <lo and be obedient. J\n<l l\Ioses took the blood
and sprinklccl it on the people, and said, 13ehold the
hlood of the covenant, which !he Lord hath maclc with
you concerning- alt these words." Exod. 24 :4-8.
The New Covenant was ratified. scaled, or made cffrctive, by Jesus Christ, the Mediator, with his own
hlood:
"This cup is the New Covenant in my bloocl, that on
your helm! f being poured out." Luke 22 ;20 ( Diaglolt).
For every co111mand111e11t in the Law having been
spoken by Moses to all the people, taking the blood of
ln1llm:ks and goats, with water, an<l scarlet wool and
hyssop, he sprinkled both the book itself, ancl all the
people, saying-. This is .the Blood of the Covenant
which God ha<l enjoined on you. Anet he in like manntr sprinkk(l with the blood the tabernacle also, and
all the utensils of the puhlic service. And, according
lo the Law, almost all thing-s arc purified by blood,
ancl without an effusion (or shedding) of blood no
forgiveness takes place. It was necessary then inclee<l
for the copies of the things in the heavens to be
clcansecl h\' these. but the heavenly things themselves

\l!l:W~ CJN 'l'llt;

G1

<:OVl:NAN'l'8, E'l'C'

with belier sacrilicts than these. For l he a11oi11Lcd unc

did 11ul enter holy places made with hands. Lile antilypl'S
of the Lnic tlllt'S, hut. into J kavl:n ilself, lo appear in
tht.: presl:ncc o( (;o<I 011 our l>chalL" lkb. 9:19-.q.
( !Jiaglot t.)
\VITll \\'ll<>AI :'II \IW.
The f .aw ( 'ove11a11l was 11mcle with all the Israelites
afltrwards heca111c prit.:sb
as wt'll as with the remainder uf the people, wh11 were a
typt of all the 111c111h<:rs of the h11111a11 race, a11<1 the children of these Isradites succeeded to all !he ohligalions .
n.sponsihilities and IJlessing-s uf !he cmttianl. Sec Dt11t.
(!)cut. 5: 1-3), with those whu

u: t,

2, 7; 4 :9; I 'sa. 78 :5-7:

",'-:ow lhi.:se arc the c.:0111111a11d111cnts, the statutes,
and the j udgmrnt s, which the Lord your Goel commanclcd to teach you. that ye mig-ht do them in the
land whither ye g-11 lo possess it: Thal thou 111ighti.:st
fear the I .cm! thy Cod, to keep all his statutes a11cl his
cmmnanclmcnts, which 1 co111111a11cl thee, thou, and thy
son, and thy sun's son, all lhe days of thy life: and

that thy clays may !Jc prolonged.

Ami thou :;hall teach them clilig-lntlv unto thv children, and shalt talk of them when thoi1 siltesl iii thine
house, and when tl10ti walkest J,y the way, an<l when
lhou liest dow'n, and when thou risest up.
Only take hcecl l'o thysc:lf, an<l keep thy soul dilig-cntly, lest thou for~ct the things which thine tyes
have seen, and lest they depart from thine heart all
the days of thy life: !mt teach them thy sons, and thy
son's sons.
For he established a testimony in Jacob, ancl appointed a law in Jsrael, which he commamlecl our
fathers, that they should make them known to their

children:
That the generation to come might know them, even

WlTII WHOM MADE.

G!i

the children which should be born; who should arise

am\ declare: them lo their children:
That they might set their hope in God, and nut forget \he works of l~od , hul keep his commandments. "
The !\cw Covenant, the antilype, was made wi1h all
the "braclitcs inclectl" ;1t the first advent of our Lord
Jesus, when he pomed uut his blood of the New Covenant 011 our behalf. Into this covenant all Lhe "Israelites
i111lcld" arc "graftccl," and counted as chilclrcn.
"He came unto his own, and his own received him
1111t. lh1l as nrn11y as reccivt<l him, to them gave he
power [margin, the right or pdvikgcl to become the
sons of Goel, even lo them thal believe on his name,"
that is, to those who accept the terms of the New Covenant in II is Hloocl. john 1 ;1 I, 12.
"For the Law l Covenant] was given by Moses, but
grace and truth came by Jesus Christ." John I :17.
"Israel hath not obtained that which he scekcth for;
but the ekction [the Israclitcs indce<l j hath obtained
it, and !he rest were blinded [by unbelief].
Some of the branches were broken off, and thou,
being- a wild olive tree, wcrt grafted in among them.
And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief,
shall be grafted in: for Goel is able to graft them in
again.
fi'or if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is
wild by nature. and w~rt grafted contrary to nahtre
into a goocl olive tree;~ how much more shall these.
which be the natural branches, be grafted into their
<'wn olive t ree?
Ancl so all Israel shalt be sa vecl: as it is written.
There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer. ancl shall
turn away ungodliness from Jacob.
For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall
take away their sins." Rom. 1 1 :7, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27.

66

\'ft:ws

\)~

'rim ('()VJ:NANTH, F.T<;.

Tl LE l'RlESTlJUUl>S.
The Law Cuvc11a11l had a pr1c-.lh11t1d, c1ms1sl111g- of
Aaron lhc high pricsl, and lite under pric,,ls.
"J\nd thou shall put them j thc gar1111.:nbl 11po11
1\aron lhy brother, an<l his sous with hi111; a11d th11u
shall anoi11L them, and cu11sccratc lhe111, aml sanctify
thc111, thal llic.) 111ay 111i11i~tcr llntu 111e i11 Lhe priesl's
ofllcc." Exml. 28 :4 L.
The New Covenant has a priesthood co11sisling- of
Jt:-.11s U1risl tht 11 igh I 'ritsl, and lhc under pricsls.
"Whcrdon.'. huly hrc!lm.:11 partakt rs of tile heavenly
callin~. rn11sidcr the t\posllc and l ligli l 'ricst u[ our
profc ~~i1111, l'hri:-.t Jcs11:.." J ldi. J: t.
Ye arc a chusc11 gcncratiu11, a royal pnesthoocl.
l l'cl. i :) ! ;cc also I Jell. 4 : q. 1 5 : ;:i : t - 1o ; 6 :20 ;
7:21-2~: 8: 1-13.
1

SELECTION OF PRIESTUUODS.
The lypkal, or Lcvitirnl, priesthood, was scleclcd h~
God, through the Mediator, i\loscs.
,
"J\11d take Lhou unlu thee Aaron tlw brother, and
his sons with him, from among- the chiiclren of lsrad,
that he may minister unlo 1ne in Lhe priest's office, even
Aaron. Nadal>, ancl Abihu, Eleazar an<l llhamar.
J\aron 's sons: Exo<l. 28: 1.
The antilypical, the "royal" priesthood, is heing sclcctr<l hy Go<I, through the Mediator, Jesus Christ.
"Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you,
an<l orclainctl you, that ye shoultl go anti bring forth
fruit.'' John 15 :16.
"I press towanl the mark for the pri;-;c of the ltiglr
calli111; of God in Chri!it Jesus.'' Phil. 3:t4. Sec also
I Cor. t :27, 28; Eph. 1 :4; Jas. 2 :5; I Pct. 2 :9; Rev.
t7: 14: 1 Pct. 1 :2.

WII~N

WERE Tlrn COVENANTS SEALED9

67

THE FrnST!JCJH.N.
l\lo:-.es was !he i\lcdial111 oi the Jirstliurn llf the Jews
as well as uf the n!111aindcr of thc111.
le~11s is Ilic i\Icdia1<1r t1f !he "church of Liie lirslhorn"
as.wt'!! as of tile re111ai11dcr of the wurld.

\V l 1l~N WEH.E Tl 11~ COVl~Ni\NTS SEt\LEJ).?

The Law Cc>vc11a11l was scaled bdure the Lcvitical
I 'ricslhood I type nf the '' rnyal prieslhuucl" J was establisltcd. Compare Exml. :.?..J. anti :?8.
~cc al~o Exod. 19:1: ;.q:1-8; 40:17; Lev. 8; <):!.
The N l'W Cuvc11a11t was stak<I before the "lfoyal pricstlt11nd" was 1.'slabli~hccl. l lehrt'ws 9.
The Lev it irnl pricsll1oucl was 11ot established until the
anoint i11g- uf its mcmliers ul the time of their consecration,
whid1 was a year aflcr the st'ali11g of the Law Covenant.
'' 1'1111 thou shall bring- Aaron and his sons unto the
duor of lhc tabernacle of lhc congrcgalion, and wash
them with water." (Notice it is the Mediator, Moses,
who is doing this.)
":\11<1 thou fMuses, the Meclialorl shalt put upon
Aaron the holy garrne11ts 1 and anoint him, an<l sanctify him: that he may minister unto me in the priest's
onicc.
J\ncl thou shalt I.iring his sons, an<l clothe them with
coats:
'
, ,
Arni thou shall anoint them, as thou didst anoint
thrir falher. that they may minister unto me in th~
prirst's <>ffice: for their anointing shall surely be ~n
evrrlasti11g- priesthood throug-hout their ~eneratio11s. , 1
Thus did Moses: acconling- to all that the Lord conh
111and<'d him. so did he" Lev. 8:30 ancl Exod.
40 :12-16.
Co111pari11g- Excel. 19: t and the succeecling chapters
with Exod. 40: 17, it is clear that about ten montl~s elapsed

Gt!

vrnws

ON 'fllF. <!OV8NAN'l'S, R'l'C.

belwecn Lhc scaling o( the Law Covenant ;t11d Lite selling

up of the labcrnadc, and, as we will show later, abolll
one Yl~ar and fnur 111011Lhs elapsed between lhc scaling- 1)f
the Law l'ov<:11a 11t and l he alo11c11H:nl-cla y sacrifices qi
I .cvitirns tf>.
The a11lilypical prieslhoocl was not established 1111lil
the clay of I 1e11lc1.:usl, al whid1 ti111e l11c I loly Spirit was
poured oul 011 the t\pnst lcs, tile first 1m~111liers of Ilic
royal priesthood, 1111dcr the lligh Priest, Jesus Christ.
Sec 1\cts 2: r -4; I kh. 7th chapter and <>11wanl. N<>lc
also the following-:
"Ye an a dt<1Sl'll grncratio11 1 a royal priesthood, a11
holy 11atio11." 1 Pct. 2 :9.
"You have a11 a11ointing- fro111 the holy one; yon all
know it." 1 John 2 :20. ( Diagloll.)
"Ye arc washed, littl ye arc sanctified, hut ye a rc
justified in the 11a111e 11f the Lord Jesus fthc Mediator I
ancl by the Spirit of om Goel,'' with which we ltavl'
lieen anointed. I Cor. (1: 1 1.
The anointing- of the 1\postles on the day of Pcntecosto
was fifty clays after the scal ing of the New' Covenant hy
our Lord Jcsns Christ with Ii::; own hloo<I. I .ukc 22 :20.

l\IEDl/\T< >R OF THE PRIESTS.

l'l!oscs was the ~d cdiator of the Levilical priests as
well as of the remainder of the Israelites; in<lecd, al the
time he acted as their mediator, they had not been conslilttlccl the Lcvitical priesthood. Sec Exodus, chapters
24 and 28. There arc no Scriptures anywhere which
even hint that Moscs was not their mediator. Let our
readers ask for Sc riptural proof from those who assert
that JV!oses was not the mediator of the priests anil
I .eviles.
Jesus Christ, the <lll ~ilype of Moses, is therefore the
Mediator of the royal pricsthoo<I, the antitypc of the
Lcvitical _priesthood, as well as of the rl'mainclcr of the

MEDIATOR OF THE PRIESTS.

69

world; indeed, at the time he acted as lheir Mediator lhey

ha<l 11ot been constituted a priesthood .
"J\n<l for lhis cause he is the l\1ecliator of the New
Covenant,
that they which arc called for
i11vitedJ might receive the promise of eternal inlrcritancc,'' that is, might l>e associated wilh the Lor<l
Jesus <ts the 'royal priesthood." Heb. 9 :15.
"And hast matlc us unto our God Kings and Priests."
Rev. 5 :ro.
The Lcvitical priests were therefore under the Law
Covenant.
The Royal priests arc therefore under the New Covenant.
The members of the Lcvitical p riesthoocl hacl 11otliing
to do with scaling the Law Covenant. The scaling was
<lone by ~loses. the Mediator, alone, with the blood of
sacrifices, before the Levitical priesthood was established.
Exocl. 24 :3-8.
The members of the Royal priesthood have 11ol/ii11g
lo clo witn seali11g the New Covenant. The sealing was
clone by the Man Christ J csus, with his own blood, befnre the lfoyal priesthood was establishetl. Heb. 9: 1924; 12 :24, 25; I Pct. 1 :2: I Tim. 2 :5-6.
/\s the priests, Levites, ancl all the children of Israel
had !\loses as their Mediator. ancl were all under and
blessed hy the Law Cavenant,
So the antitypical priests and Levites arc under, and
all the world o f mankincl who accept are in clue time to
be under and be l>lcssccl hy, the New Covenant.
As C~ocl did not have two covenants for the Jewish
peopk-one for the priests :111cl r.evites anti another for
lite n111ainclcr of the people-hut, on the contrary, :tll
were 1111<ler the same 1.aw Covenant,
~o < ;ncl has not twn covenants of hlcssi11g for the anlitypical people-he has nol one covenant for lhe Royal
priests ancl Levites ancl another for the world. All arc
or will he 1111cltr the same New Covenant.

i'O

\'ll~WS

ON 'l'llJ'; co\gNA.N'fS, J;Tc.

H.EJECTJON OF Tl IE l\IEL>lJ\TOR.
I\ c1 1111c rnuld accept the blood hy wh icll tlH Law
l\1ve11a111 was ~cakd, and al the same time rcjl'cl i\losl~
as his mccltah1r.
No one can accept Ilic blrn><l liy whid1 lhl New L'11vc11a11t was ~eall'd I Lill' hloorl of Jesus Cltrisl ). a11d ajlTl
lcs11s l'llri~l as his i\lldiatcir.
(Jr, LC1 slate il a lillk dilkn111I~" I k who rcjct:lnl
:\loses as his 111l'clia1or cou ld have 1111 clai111 lo the he11cl"1ls
lo lie derived frn111 lhc l1l11rnl nf lhl I .aw ( (1VC11a11l. Till'
willi11g11css 11f a11y<>1H: l11 rejc:ct :\l11sl's as his i\lcdiati1r
a11cl thcrdiy 111 !11:-.l' the 1Jlcssi11gs wllidt l;1111c: lltrnuglt
lite hloo<I of the Law Cuvc11a11t. woulcl slll)\V that surh
a person clicl 1101 esteem the blood of any valuc, liul
rather as a c1111111u111 thin~.
So. he who rcjtc1s Jesus Christ as his mediator, can
have 1111 dai111 lo the IJern:lits to he tlcriVl'<I from the
blood 11f llw :\cw Covenant. J\11y1111e willi11~ 111 rcjerl
lcsu.., ( 1iris1 as his mediator, and lo tltenlir lose lltl'
i1lcssi11gs \\'hidt cu111c only tl1rn11glt lite hlo.11d of thc:
l\ l'W CoHnanl. :-.hows Ii\' such action 1ltal ltc esteems
the hluocl of lilllc or
valm" hut rather a co111111on
thing.
"AnyJllC having violalc<l a law of i\loscs <lies withulll 111Cl't\'. II\ two or three witnesses. llow much
worse pui1ish1i1cnl clo you think will hl deserve, havi11~
trampled 1111 tltr Son nf (;0<1, and cstce111ccl as a co111111011 t ltin~ the hloocl of the Covenant by which he
was !-:tnctilicd. ancl im:ultccl the Spirit of Favor?"
Hl'h. 1o: 28-29, Diag-lolt.
Thlrc :trl' 111a11y wayi; i11 \\'ltich the "iJluud of thl'
( e11c11a11l .. may he csll'l'ml'd a cu111111011 thing-. One way,
and a way 111ost likdy, wuttlcl lil to place inkrior Ji(l)rnl
nn a11 equality with it. 011 lite pri11cipl1.! indirntcd by
Jd1ovalt wlttn he said, "Tho u shall ltavt 110 other god~
twfcnc 111c." No other gods Wl're wnrtlty 11[ co111pariso11,

no

1rn.1ECTlON 01''

m~

MlmIATOR.

no other was of the same class or entitled to be associatecl with him. So in the matter of the blood of the
New Covenant. No other blood is worthy or in any
way entitled to association with lhe precious blood of
Jesus.
We can l11iuk of 110 better emphasis on this point than
is given it by the Editor of Zion's Watch Tower, August
15. HJOC, page 2(101 col. 2:
"The Apostle evidently understood that the covenant
which Moses, the prophet, instituted, typified the better i.:ove11a11t. which the g'reat Prophet, Christ, would
institute in due ti111c. 1'roceeding to compare these
Lwo prophets, the typical Moses and the autitypical
Christ, lite Apostle says, 'He that despised Moses' law
died without mercy . . . of how much severer punishlllent suppose ye shall he be thought worthy who
hath trodden 11mler foot the Son of Goel, and counted
the blood of the (New) Covenant, wherewith he was
sanctified an unholy thing, and hath clone despite unto
the spirit of grace?' (Heb. 1o: 281 29.) The Apostle's
arg11meut evidently is that if God puts so much dignity
11pnn the typical Prophet, Moses, that violation of his
covenant would mean death, we might reasonably
expect that a severer punishment would come to all
those who shall be brought under the benefits of the
:\cw Covenant, and who shall then spurn them, not
appreciating the fact that they were secured by the
precious blood of C hrist, the antitypical l'rophet.
Couti1111i11g the same thought, viz., a comparison of
the two mediators, and the two covenants, the Apostle
draws to onr attention the fact that fsrael could not
l'lldurc the terrible manifestations of divine power and
,in~licc at J\lou11t Sinai, although they were only
1ypil'al: and that as the typical lsraclilc~ needed and
cll:;ind lo be clcalt with representatively instead of
clircctly, through a mecliator and not personally-to
he in the hands of th<' mediator, and nnt in the hands

'l'2

VIEWS ON 'i'llE

VOVBNAN'l'~,

E'l't:.

of God-so, says lhc Apostle, in respect to the New

Covenant, and in respect to those who have apprehended that it was sealed with the bloocl of Christ, a11cl
that it is in operation now, and lhal we hu11c the

brnclits of it co11(crrcd 11po11 us. ff WE SlfOULD

REPUDIATE Tl-IIS NEW COVENANT IT
WOULD M EJ\N Tl !AT WE WOULD THERE UY
Irnl 1 UD1AT~ Cl I RIST, AS OUR MEDIATOR.
AND WOULD FALL INTO TUE HANDS OF
TllE LIVING l;oo, TO I.IE DEALT WlTI I
DIRECTLY BY IHM, AND TUAT WlTHOUT
MERCY. The Apostle clinches his argument, by saying, 'H is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the
living (.;od. lleb. 10: 3 r.
It won\cl lie a fearful thing to fall into the hands
of the living God, not because God is unjust, but because he is just; and because we arc imperfect, and
therefore could not hope to meet the requirements of
the law of absolute justice. Divine justice would lie
to us as a consuming- fire, des! roying us, because we
could not comply with ilc; requirements. 1t is for this
reason that God has appointed for us a covenant of
mercy. of which Jesus is the great Prophet, an<l
Mediator.
GOD llAV1NG APPOINTED THIS

ONE CHANNEL OF MERCY, IT IS FOR US

TO ACCEPT IT AS HE PROFFERS IT, OR,
REJECTING IT, TO FALL INTO THE HANDS
or JUSTICE, AND TO MEET OUR DESERTS,
UTTER DESTRUCTION.''
One of the principal meanings of the Greek word
/...ui1Los, translated "unholy'' in Heh. 10 :29, is "common to
several ." or "share<! hy a 1111mbcr."
011 this point we lake pleasure in quoting- fro111 "The
New Covenant Advocate," edited by llro. I lcnning'CS, of
l\lclbourne, Australia:
"Question-I s there any difference bet ween the blood
that justifies and the blood that sanctifies ?-Heb. 10 :29.

HEJBU'L'IUN OL" 'l'UB MEDIATOR.

73

''Answer-There is no difference whatever. It is

the one blood that makes the comers thereunto perfect, viz., the blood of Jesus. The word sanctified is
fro111 lwgia:;o, meaning 'to make holy.' It is used three
times in Heb. IO: to, 14, 29, and always with the one
meaning."
"liy the which will we arc sa11ctified through tlza

o/Tcring of t/ic body of Jesus Christ 011ce."

''Por b3 011c offering he hath perfected forever them
lhat arc sa11ctificd."
"Tire blood of the Covc11a11t, wherewith he was sa11ctificd."
"In the first two of lhcse quotations, emphasis is
1

laid most strongly on the fact that it is one offering

which sancti fies the believers. It is the offering of the
body of Jesus Christ once. It is 011e offering. (Rom.
5 :12, 18, 19.) Through our Lord Jesus Christ we
have peace with Gotl, and through him also we have
'access into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice
in hope of the g lory of God.' Rom. 5 :t, 2.
"The same point is emphasized in verse 29, in a
manner that proves the divine inspiration of the Book
of Hebrews. for it points to a condition that exists
today, but so far as we know did not exist in the
Apostle's day. Bearing in mincl that the- word I< oinos,
translated 'unholy' in v. 29, means common, in the
sense of so111ctlti11g slrnrcd V'J a 1111111bcr, we read the
!alter part of v. 29, 'hath counlecl the blood of the
covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, a thing sharccl
by a numher.' Do we not share witll ('(1Ch other tltc
bcndits of lhc blood of the New Covenant, ancl was not
thi s inclicatecl when the clisciplcs all drank of lhc cup
al the l\.fcmorial Supper. of which cup our Lore! did
11nl cl rink? Most clcl'idc<lly. yes: hut this is nol the
sort of sharing conclcmnccl by the inspired writer.
Some have cxpres~ecl il thus:
''i\fhen om Lord said, "Thi!' is the [The Saviour

74

\'IEW8 ON 'l'IH.: COVBNAN'fS, l!;'l'C.

said 'l'vfy'-Ed. I blood of the New ~ovcnant," we

should understand that ptimarily Lhe cup is His, and
secondarily it is ours, who arc His JJody, sharing it
;md drinking it 7cill1 Him. . . . lt was, therefore,
prit11arily. our Lord's hlnoc.1 or death which was necessary to Lhe scaling- of Lhe New Covcmu1t, liul hy Divine arrangement the blood or clcalh of J Jis Church
is also 111adc nccessarv. Hence Lhc New Covenant c;innol be scaled, finished. made operative until all the
"1111.:111bers of tht' lltu\v" shall have died.'
"'l'ri111arily Lhc ci;p is his, seco111la1ily it is ours.'
Tltis is the 'sharing' condcmnecl in Lhc slrong lan~uage
of Heb. 10:29-31. I low can lliat tcaclti11g lie justified
in view of these words of inspiralion-'hath counted
the Blood of the Covenant, wherewith he wa:; saflcl ific<l. a thing- sha reel hy a number?' W c do not know
any consicleration on which we would wish to occupy
their position. Oh . that we had ten thousancl trumpet
tongues lo warn those who arc accepting this latest
of the last clay delusions! It is a test I Who will he
on the side of the Lord? He nlo11c offcrcd the sacrifice
which sanctifies us. perfects those wllo arc sanctificcl,
arnl 111akcs the covenant valid for us by His sanctifyin~
blood. Hy the grncc of God, Jct us take our stand with

llim !
''The prophetic character of the few words of the
Apostle in v. 29 is further shown in the use of the
words. '!Jloocl of the covenant wherewith he was sanctificcl.' The new error admits that Jesus' blood was necessary to supply the merit for those who arc supposed
tn 'share' in the sacrifice to rati fv the New Covcna11l.
Tt says:

11 is. tltcrd1m1. qnitc proper fWhy should anyone

sav that the ~nviour's words arc "quite propcr?"Ecl.] that our Lord's death or blood shoulcl be mentioned as the hlood of the New Covenant, even though
it lie not applied 11ntil all the memhcrs of Tfi s Hody

t?E.TECTlON 01<' THE MEDIATOR.

, 75

shall have been sacrificed by Him. Then He will

apply all the sacrifice, all the death merit, as His own.'
"The attentive reader will have observed that the
S1:riplure says that so111e who acknowledge having re1:civcd merit from Christ's sacrifice will go so far as lo
prl'Sutne lo claim lo ha vc a share in the scaling of the
Covlnanl. The 'sharing' is condenmcd by Him, and
the grievous error is hy all means lo be avoided."
Anyone who rejected ?\lo~cs as his mediator, under
the Law Covenant, would have been rejected by the
Lord.
Anyone who rcjccls Jesus Chrisl as his mediator will
be rejected by the Lord.
No Jcw could come into covenant relationship with
Goel. save throu~h J\foscs ai; his mediator.
Nu person of the world ( ancl such were the members of
lhe church at one time) can come in lo covenant rclationi;hip with Cod save thrmtRh Jesus Christ, the Mediator
"between Cod an cl men."
Z ion~ 'vVatch Tower, December I, 1903, page 439,
col. 2:
"J\nd we have seen that ALL OF THOSE ACCl~PT/\ l\LE TO GOD
lN CHRIST WERE
OllLIGED TO COME UNTU HIM UNDER THE
NEW COVENANT. . . . HENCE, ANY WILFUL SIN WOULD l\IEAN THAT THEY HAD
REPllDJ/\TED T l IE NEW COVENANT AND
WlmE NO LONC.rm. RECOGNIZED AS BEGOTTEN OF TllE TRUTII, l\UT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SIN. AND HENCE BEGOTTEN
OF TllE DEV!L-l-HS CHILDREN.''

Tf IE /\TON EM ENT-DAY SACRfflCE.S.

The atonc111c11t-<1av sacrifices of the bullock and the
g-ont had 11nthi11g- tn rlo \\'i!h !'c<tling- the Law Coven<tnt,

7G

VIEWS ON

'!'HI~ <.;OVENA~'l'S,

E'l'C.

not being offered t1ntil more than a year after the Law
Covenant had been scaled and made effective.
The antitypical sin-offering has 11othing to do wit11
sealinR the New Covenant. This point is treated at
length in succeeding pages.
The Law Covenant sacrifices were for the CUVE.RlN (; of sins.
The New Covenant sacrifice of the man Christ I csus
COVERS the sin s of Lhose who arc under the -New
Covenant.
"Even as David also dcscribcth Lhe blessedness of
the man, t1nlo whom ( ;ud imputeth rig-htcousness without works, saying-, Blessed arc they whose iniquities
arc forgiven, and whose sins arc COVERED." Rom.

4:6, 7.
In order better to unclcrstancl and appreciate this point,
let us notice the meaning- of the word "atonement" and
also the relationship existing between Jehovah and those
for whom the yearly sin-offerings were made.
The American Encyclopeclic Dictionary defines the
word as follows:
"The word atonement means to make at one: that
is, lo reconcile those who before were in feeling two;
to create sympathy between those who before had
antipathy tu each other; to make peace where before
there was stri fc or war."
ln harmony with this definition we quote from Millennial Dawn, Vol. 5, page 2r, as follows:
"However the word atonement may be viewed, it
must he conccclccl that its use at all, as between Goel
and 111an, implies a difficulty, a cliffcrcnce, an opposit ion. existing bclwecn lhe Creator ancl the creaturcotherwisc they would he at one, and there wonlcl he
no need of a work o[ atonement, from either sl:rnclpoint."
Havin~ the clcfinilion of the word atonement aml the
above qnolation in harmony therewith before our minds.

runrmrn

OF

'l'HT~

RIN

Oli'PlmJNGS.

77

kt us ncxl a~cerlain lhc rclalionship existing between

( ;od aml the Lcvilical Priests at the time and before the
liullock wa~ ofkred on their bchaif. Wa>. there a cliffirnlty. ;1 diffcl'l't1cc. :111 opposition, between (jod and them?
If so we can n:adily sec h11w the sin-offering- 111ight be
11:-ottl lo rl'l:orn:ik them a11c1 God, lo make al-one-mcnt
hct ween l hc111.
If then: was nu opposiliu11 lict ween tlic111, we cannot
sec how lhe !->i11-nlteri11g rnuld have been used for that
JH1rposc; rather, it must havt been meant to hring about
some otlwr encl, or lo <1cco111plish somethin~ else. \.\'hat,
then, was the relationship exisLing between Jehovah ancl
the Levilical priests al the time and before the bullock
was olTcrecl 011 their IJc.:lialf? J\n examination of the
Scriptures 011 this point shows 1hat they were on friendly
tcr111s with (;0<1, that there was no opposition between
Cod and them. 'We mus! conclude, therefore, that the
sin-01Teri11g- could oot have been used for the purpose of
111aki11g them at one.
Going- back to Exod. 24 :3-X. we find lhat not only the
priests, the Levites, and the first-horn, but all the Jews
who came out of Egypt, had hcen hrnught under the
Law Coven:rnl by Moses the mediator. Jt was the scaling
of the Law Covl'na11t with the hlood of /J11ml-offcri11gs
ancl of pracc-otfrri11gs, a ftl'r the people had said, "All
that Jehovah hath spoken will we do and be obedient.'' that
made Jehovah ancl them at 011c. After the sealing of the
Law Covenant, or the at-011e-111c11t, came the selection of
Aaron and his sons for the priestly office. (Exod. 28: r.)
After this came their anointing- and consecration. (Exocl.
30:30.) Now notice that it was after these priests had
hcen made at-one with Jehovah hy Moses their mediator, and had been sclectecl to he priests ancl had been
anointed and consecratccl for the office of priest!'\, by
Moses their mediator, that the lmlloc:k was offered as a
sin-offering- on their behalf. We can therefore plainly
sec that the sin-offering- was not intended to make these

78

vrnws

ON 'l'IIE <.:OY 1:NAiX'l'H.

1:r<'.

co11st:cratcd priests a l une with C;ud. im they liatl ;drea<ly

IJcrn lllade at one In !\loses Llleir mediator, l>efure lhcv
were sdcdtd to In: 1;ricsts and lidore thl'_I' \\'en :11111i11l<tl
;111d rnnst1.:r;:lll'.tl fur lite pritst's offo:t:.
\\'hat. tht11, did the si11-oricri11g- ;icc1111t1'h:-li f11r 1h11sc
1.:1111scn-;Jlcd pritsts ~ \Vl answer 1lia1 it furnished a
l'< >\EI{ for tht111. The 1 lcltrew word .. h:apltl:r.'' "hil'.11
is tra11slalld 11/1111r111,11/ i11 the <lid 'l\sla111u1l. 111e;111s lo
1.:11ver. In dca11st', tu puri fy. \Ve 111ay ltclln 11111lnsla11tl
this poi11t if 11T 1.:11111p;1n lype with anlitypv 111 dni11g" s11,
kt 11s 111akc ;i kw 111111t;1tin11s frolll Tahl'1'11adt Slt:11l11ws:
Page ir;. "'Tlte court' repnstnl n l till' trn 1dilin 11 of
jwailicalion, c11lcn:d through faith i11 t'11rist. 'the i.;ate.'
lntu this 'L'nurt' only I .1.vill'.s ( lypit:d 11f justilitd htlicvcrs) wne allowc1l lo 1.:onic:."
Page 22. "l:y faith i11 Christ's ra11s1m1-sacrifice.
represen ted iu the l:rar.e11 1\ltar, we c11ttr the 'Cate'
to the coun'-lhc vail of unliclicf and sin i~ passed."
Page 19. "The 'I I oly' rcprcscntecl the condition of
all those who ( as r .cvilcs-juslifiecl hdicvcrs) have
consecrated thcir human nature lo death, that they
might become parlilkers of the divine nalmc ( 2 Pel.
l :4). having bcrn bcJ:!Olten uf lite Spirit. "
Pages 20. 21. "The '1 loly' n :presenlccl the present
condition of those b<.'gottcn of c;ocl throllgh the worcl
of truth. (]as. 1 :18.) These, as ltcavtnly minded
'new creatures, though still 'in the flesh.' have their
real (inner) life and walk with Got! within the first
vail of consecration."
Page 22. ''Thus all the saints, all the consecrated,
arc in a 'heavenly' or 'holy' conclition now-'scalccl (at
rest and co11111H111io11) with Christ in (the first of
these) heavenly pla1.:es.'"
These quotations show that the consecrated Lcvitical
priests cli<l not represent people of the world under conclcmnation and death, such as nceclcd at-011e-111e11t, but
that they represented a class who have already been

PURPOSE OF Tlm srn OFFERINGS.

'Y9

atoned for. They represented a class lhc members of

which have been justified by faith in Christ's ransom::;acrilin: who have consccratecl their human nature lo
death, who have bcc11 bcgo!le11 of the Spirit, who arc
lwavtnly 111indcd mw creatures, whose real inner life and
\rnlk arc with God; whusc cumlition i::; holy, who arc
seated with Christ i11 heavenly places," au "holy pric.stltcxicl." ( I l'ct. 2 :5. ) l l is this class which the consei:ratccl Levitical priests typified. Now if we know from
plain statc11u:11 ts o( Scripture what Jesus Christ our
si11-uffcri11g- docs for his holy pricslhuod, this consecrated
rlass. we will know what the sin-ofTering- of Leviticus 16
did for the l .cvitical priests, beca11sc the latter typified
the Curnwr. Now what cloes Cl11:ist our sin-offering do
fur us after we have rcachecl tl-1e condition mentioned
ahovc? Docs he hring us into harmony with God, docs
he make 11s at one with God after we have become "new
creatures," members of the body o f Christ? Eviclently
not. vVc were fully at one with God by faith in Christ
as soon as we \\'ere justific<l and before we became new
crcatmcs. (Rom. 5:1.) Now if Christ <locs not make
us at one with Goel after we have become "new creatures,"
members of the "holy pricsthoocl," what docs he do for
us? We answer that he f un:ishcs us with a cover, with
his robe of righteousness, which covers our imperfections,
our short-comings, weaknesses, etc. He cleanses and
washes us, He imputes righteousness to us. As we read,
"blessed arc thcv whose iniquities are forgiven and whose
sins arc COVERED. Even as Davicl also clescribcth the
blessedness of the man unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works." (Rom. 4:6, 7.) "Ilut if we
walk in th<' lig-ht n~ he is. in the li~hl, we have fellowship one with another ancl the bbod of Jesus Christ his
Son clcanst'lh us from all sin.'' ( 1 John I 7.) ''How
much more shall the blood of Christ. who through the
eternal Spirit offered .himself to Goel. purge fcleansel

80

vrnwR ON

TJrn ('OVENAN 'l'S. J:TC.

your conscience from dead works to serve the living God.''

(Hed.9:q.)

Vic sec:, thl11. lhal afll'r \Vl' hl't::lllH: n1c111lil'rs of the

"holy priestl111od" wt arc still impcrkd in w111l, tlt<m~hl
and eked, hut lhat Christ our sin-o!kriug has provided
for us a cover. 1lc places a covcri11g- over us to protect
tis from the co1Hkm11atio11 which ccin1cs upon all wrongdoing ancl i111pcrftction. 'Without this rnvcrin~ Lite divine
sentence of clca~h 111usl pass upon us again, lml with this
cover we arc acccptlcl in the beloved, and God treats 11s
as if we were absolutely pl'rfecl. \'Ye can sec from what
has Ileen saicl that the si11-otrcring-s of Ltviticus 16 sin1ply
furnished a U >VER I i'\G for the priests and fnr others.
ancl that that b j11sl what the J lcbrcw word "Kaphar"
means, although improperly translated atonement."
Those consecrated Lcvitical p1icsts clill not need at-oncmcnt any more than we need at-m1c-mc11t after we have
become consl'Cralc<I priests: IH1t they did ncetl a cover,
as we need a cover; and their sin-offering- proviclcd them
with such a cover. even as Jesus Christ our sin-ofTeringprovidcs us with a cover.
'
In view of !he foregoing we can clearly sec that Jesus
Christ was our ra11so111 bdorc he became nur sin-offering. He was our rnn!'olll before we were j nstif1cd, while
we were yet enemies. !'inners, ung-oclly, under con<lenrnation and death. (Rom. S :8-1 o.) 11ut he did not become
our sin-offering until after we became priests-until after
we were justified by faith in his ransom sacrifice and had
become members of the holy prie5lhoocl class. The ransom was given for the whole race while un<lcr con<lc11111ation and death; the sin-offering is only for God's
chosen people.
Keeping this in mincl we can also plainly sec that the
sin-offering had 11othi11g to do with satisfying- the ckman<ls of justice against the race of mankind. God docs
not satisfy the demands of justice: for us aftt'r we ha vc
become members of the "holy priesthood." new cr<'a! t1rc~

PURPOSE OF THE SIN OFFERINGS.

81

i11 Chrisl Jesus. The ransom for all satisfied the clcmands
o f juslkt' fur all while we w.crc all u1Hlcr lhL condcnmatio11. Tht sin-offering furnishes a cover, a cleansing for
us after we ha vc btcomc Go d's chosen people. The ransom was for us while we were enemies. The sin-offerings f urnishcd a covering and cleansing fur the priests
ancl Ilic pcopk after (not licfo rc ) they had come into
covrna11t rl'la1io11ship with ( ;rnl liy ~loses their mediator,
so the a11lilypical ato11cmcnt-clay sin-offerings furnish a
covering and deansing for the antitypical priests and the
wo rld o[ 111<1nkind after they have been brought into
covc1rnnt rela~ionship with (.;od IJy Christ Jesus their
mcc!iator.
The lheory that the Church has any share in the work
which satisfies divine justice against the world, is entirely unscriptural. ''He [alone I is the propitiation for
our sins, and not for ours only hut also for tha si11s of
Ilic who/to world." (J John 2 :2. ) "Behold the lamb of
God which taketh away t/ir si11s of the world." (John
1 :29. ) "lie gave hi/I/self a ra11so1u fo r all." (I Tim.
2 :6.)
"God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself." (2 Cor. 5:11).) ''Go1I so lnvccl the world," <'IC.
"I Ie Ialone I tasted death for every man." (Heb. 2 :9.)
The following article, hy Bro. Douglas Macmillan, of
London, England, is quotccl from "Goocl News of the
Coming J\ge,'' an excellent monthly paper published at
15 Ranelagh Road, Delgravia, London, S. W ., England.
j 40 cents per year.] It is taken from the issue of April,

1909:
''Sometimes it is plainly asserted that the new covenant runder which the world is lo be blessed l 'cannot
be scaled, finished, made operative, until all the "memhers of the Tiocly" shall have died, when the Great
High Priest's "better sacrifice" shall be finished.' This
is certainly intended to teach that the church is 'participating in the shedding- of the blood of the Everlasting Covenant.' although it is carefully stated again

Ilia! tile: Srrip11m:s ll'hid1 show Jc:s11s lo he a 'ra11snll\

for all.' arc 1111! n111lrarlirtnl. Tilt 1xpla11ati1111 11ffcnd
is thal a ransom is distinct f r1111 1 a ~i11-nlfr r i11,!.,!. ;111d lhal
lhl'rcforc il i~ p>s~il>k f<tr lht d1urd1 t11 lil', hy did11t
arran~c11H:11t, a si11-olkri11g- f11r lhv 1111rld. Tlw 1<11 It
chapkr of Lcviticlls. \\'here a l1ttllrn:I' is sacrilictcl for
the priest. and a g-oal for the prnpk:. i~ tri11111plta11tl,r
clai111ccl as a s11p1H1rt fnr this 1iew-wltich, a lo. we: 1111dcrsland it, a111uu11ts tu !lie s11ggcslio11 that Chri~t tlitd
for the tlll1rch, a11d thl' chmdt 11111st die f1>r the world.
:\11othtr view, which does 11ot go q11itl' ~< > far, rlaims
that all the 111l'ril rif rcdc111ptio11-pm1cr was in tlu: sacrifice of Jesus. Intl that whe11 I k tnkrnl Litt lwave11ly
tabernacle with 11 is own blood l k only 'pn:stntcd part
of the price to Justice,' giving the lialante lo the d111rd1
so that they mij:!hl he: said 'to pay tn Justice part nf the
price of lhe world's clclivcrancc.'
There is one little word. several ti11ws rc:pcate<I in
the hook of ll l'brews ancl clscwht:rc. which crn11plctdy
shatlcrs these carefully and ingl'niously construdt<l
doctrines of human rcaso11ing. The Greek word apax
(or cphapux) means 'once.' ustd in an emphatic, sense,
an<l is properly rendered 'once only,' or 'once fur all.'
Five times in the epistle tn the l lcbrews arc these terms
u:;;ed in co1111cctio11 with the priestly work of Jesnsplainly identifying lli111 a/011c as the High Pril'sl of
Goers calling-: one who has not claily ncccssily (like
the high priests of old) first to offer sacrifices for their
own sins, then for those of the people: for THIS HE
DID ONCE POR ALL, having offcrccl himself. (Heh.
7 :27.) I le came to clothe will of Go<l, by which will we
arc sanctiliecl through the offering of the body uf Jc~us
Christ ONCE POI?. ALL, I le having- offered UNE
EN DUH.ING SACRIFICE for sins. (Heb. 10:101 12.)
rscc Diaglolt.] Time after time is the oITering of
Jcsl\s clclibcratcly contrasted with those of the Aaro11ic
priests, not only because the blood of Jesus fulfils

THF. ATONF:MENT-DA Y SACRIFICm.

83

evcnthi11g- foreshadowed In the blood of hulls AND

of g~1als. lwt also hccausc tiic ancic11l offcrini.;s needed
fnqmnl rcpctili1111, whibt !Ji:; was ONCJ.!, FOi~ ALL.
I k \\'as manikstcd al an encl of the ages UNClf. FOR
, IL/, for a I\ I:t'd ( >V 1\ L of si11s Ii\' lhe sacrifice of
111 i\l S lJ .F. Ancl. like lht lir~l goal whose lul il was
ln be ol"flon:cl for the :-ins of the pel)plc. so also Christ
\\'as orkrcd 0:-.JL'I: FOi~ .\LL for the 111anv-in order
thal I le 111ighl dn Lile wmk of the secrnid goat-to
l:EA ({ 1\ \VJ\ Y SIN ! Thlts. the :-i11-olkrl11g being
rn111plcte, likt- the second goal J le will appear a second
time. apart (r11111 a si11-11/f c,.i11g, to those who arc expecting- I li111, in order lo salvation. (Heh. 9:26. 28.)
Il scerns i11co111prcl1ensiblc that a careful reading of
this Epistle should kave any intelligent reader in doubt
as lo the Apostle's doctrine. S11pposiug it was his
desire lo prove that all atonement, all sin-offering, all
vicarious sacrifice, was absolulcly finished at Calvary,
whal stronger language could be employed than to say
some half-dozen times that an encl was made of this
work 'upon one occasion only' ( cphapax). or 'once for
all?'
lint the writer of the Epistle lo the l lcbrews makes it
NfUally clear that the 'presentation of the blood to Just ice' also. like the sacrifice itself. was emphatically
'once for all. 'Chri!-.t, having- liccome a Hi,J!h Priest
of the future good lh ings
. enlerecl. 0 NCE
FOH. t\LL into the holy place, haviug- obtainecl eternal
reclcmplion.' [Notice that the wonts 'for us' do not
appear in the original Greek. I Then on what authority is ii claimed that the price is paid in two dis
t incl i11stallme11ts-and hy others than Ch risl Jesus?
f l\s claimed in the Watch Tower of January 15, 1 <J09,
col. 1, thus. 'With the second presentation of the blood
of the atonement in the Most Holy at the end of this
age the New Covenant with Israel will lie scaled.'!
Smcly 1101 on the authority of the word of Trnt/1 .

84

VIEWS ON TIIF. COVENANTS, ETC.

And not until the 1li~h . Pricsl l)f ot11- ,.011fcs:-;iu11 corncs
out with the garn1c11ts of beauty to bless the peopk,
will I le kavc that huly place within the vail, whither
Uc has enlcrcll for us, and for all mankind ONCE
FOR ALL. (llcb. 9:11 1 12, 24-28.)
llaving thcrdorc, hclovccl, confidence rcspccliug the
entrance of the holies, by the blood o( Jesus, aud
having a Great Priest over the house o[ God, ld \ls
approach with a true heart, in full conviction of faith,
and let tis hotel fast, 110 matter what the cost may lie,
the faith that was ddivcrcd lo the saints once for all."
The Watch Tower continually refers to the sin-offerings of Leviticus 1(1 as having lo clo with the scaling of
the Law Covenant, and also as being- a type of the sacrifices of ]e!'us ( t he antitypical bullock) and of the members of the church, his body (claimed to be the anlitypical Lorcl's go;it ) , which we arc told will seal the
New Covenant. We arc also informed in the Watch
Tower that as the Law Cove11ant was scaled with the
blood of the sin-offering-s (the bullock ancl the Loni's
goat), so the New Covcnnnt will be scnlcd with the hlood
of the "Great Christ." head ancl hocly. /\ncl ns the blood
of the member~ of the body of Christ will not he completely shed until the close oi the Gospel Age, therefore
the New Covenant cannot be scaled until then.
We quote from the \\latch Tower, Octpber 15, 1908,
page 313, col. 2:
"That New Covenant will not he scaled until all
the blood of the Great Mediator has been shccl. Then
Head an cl body, bridegroom and bride, we shall be presenteel before the Father and the blood of the Great
Christ, as shown in the type of Leviticns, will then
avail for the cancellation of the world's ~in, even as
the blood of Jesus now avails for our sins."
Watch Tower, January r5, 1909, page 29. col. 1:
"As already shown, the New Covenant will not be

TIIB ATONEMEN'f-DAY SACRH'ICES.

85

sealed, ratified, until the sacrifice of The Christ shall

have been finished . Ancl the finishing of these sacrifices closes the work of this great day of sacrifice ancl
atonement. With the second prcsc11iatio11 <1f the blood
of atonement in the Most Holy at the end of this age
the New Covenant with Jsrncl will be scaled."
A careful study o[ Lcviticlls, and especially the 16th
chapter, will show that the sin-oHerings had absolutely
nothing to c.lo wilh scaling- the Law Cove11a11l; lhat neither
lhc first nor the second presentation of the blooc.l o[ the
sacrifices in the Most Holy scaled the Law Covenant.
When we slu<ly the Scriptures wc find:
( 1) The Law Covenant was scaled by Moses, not by
Aaron. (Exod. 24 :3-8.)
(2) The Law Covenant was scak<l with the blootl of
bt1rnt-offcrings and of peace offering-s, and not by the
bloocl of sin-offcrin~s . (Exod. 24 :5.)
(3) The blood which sealccl the Law Covenant was
not taken into the Most Holy. (Exod . 24 :3-8.)
(4) The sacrifices which scaled the Law Covenant
were not bt1mecl outside the camp, as were the atonement clay sin-offerings. (Exocl. 24 :3-8; compare Lev.
1Gth chapter.)
( 5) The blootl which :;calccl the Law Covenant was
sprinklccl all at once. not at different times, as was the
ulood of the sin-offerings which was taken into the Most
Holy. (Exocl. 24 :3-8.)
(6) The blood that sealed the Law Covenant was
sprinkled on the people; the blood of the atonement-day
:-acrilicc's was not. (Excel. 24:8; Heb. 9:19; Lev. 16.)
(7) The hloocl of several !mils and several goats was
used in sealin~ the Lnw Covenant, whereas the hloocl of
onlv nnl' b\111 nnd 011c goat was lakrn inlo the ''!\lost
I loiy" on !hr clay of :~toncmcnt. ( Exo<i. 24 :5: Heh.
9: 19; Lev. 16.)
(8) The Law Covenant was sealccl bdore the sclcctiou of the Lcvitieal Priests, whereas the sin-offering was

86

VlB\Vi:! UN 'l'llJ; CUV.C:NAN'l't::i, l!:'J'C.

nol made until after their consccralio11. ( Exoc.l. 24 :5-8.

Compare Exod. 28: 1 ; 30 :JO and Lev. drnptc rs 8 and 1(1.)
(9) Tl1e Law Covc11a11t was not scaled 011 the clay
u[ alo11e111t:nt, but was scak<l ~cveral months bdore.
\Ve lh11s sec f ro111 the great type of the Law that
jl-s11s l'hri>-t is the ~lnli;1tor o[ the 111e111l1crs of 11 is
Chnrch. and that they arc.: under the Nt:w Covenanl. uf
which he was the mecliatur. and that llw Church has
nc1thing- lo do with scaling the New Covenant.
Thal a consi<leralJle k:ng Ill of ti me d;q >Sl'< I I a:t wee11 ll 1l:
:-ea ling <1[ the I.aw l"civena11t and the sacrifices of the
si11-o lkring-s, is evident; for it was in th1: tltird 111onlh
11f the lil'sl )'lar 11[ the l'.xodus that the children uf Israel
ramc to .\IL Sinai. a11d lhal ,\lose~ went up and received
his inst rurt ions from the Lord, aml !>horl ly aftcnvarcls
scaled the Law Cmenant. (ExC1cl. 19:1, 10-1(1; 24:1-18. )
llut the T.1hcrnade was not set up until ''the first 111011/h
of the srcrmd rear, un the first du~ o[ the 111011th"
( Exnd. 40: 17). alHI the first ~i11-offeri11g-s wtre offered
on the cig'lltli da.1-. (Lev. 9: 1-24.) These ulleri11gs were
not. however, I ht: reglll:1r ato11e-111e11t day siu-offerittg'S,
wlticlt were commanded to lie offered n n the 101//1 clav of
the sct't'11//1 1111111//1. as sd fnrlh in Lev. d1:2~,)-3 t .. lml
were pruliahly dedicatory offerings. l t will be noticed
that the blood of these si11-n!leri11g-s L> Lev. 9th chapter
was not taken into the Tabernacle at all.
.
It is thcrdort e\ick11l that as the Law Covenant was
scalccl in the third 111 011 (/1 of the first '\'Car aml the first
rc~ular atomtnl'lll day sin-ulTering- was 'made 011 the lc11lh
dcty nf lite Sf'i't'lll/i 1111111/lt o f the un111d :i,1<'ar, a period of
ah1ml Clltl' )'1'<11' a11cl Cour lll<Jtllhs (perhaps CXCLl.'tly 41)0
days. or a peri<1d cof 7:;.7x 10 or 7x70 days, these n111ul1ers hd11g ttstd in lite Scriptures in a lig11rative St'llSl'
qui te often) el<q>scd hctwLen these t\\'<.I e\'Clll:-i. These
facts c11Lircly disprove the stalt'lltl'nls. quilt often made,
that the blood of Ilic sin-offerings scaled the I.aw Co\'enanl, and that therefore the blood o( the :mtitypical sin-

Af,J~C:GOHY 01'' OALA'l'lANS-

87

offerings will seal the New Covenant. (See our quotalion from %ion's Watch Tower, on page 84.)

THE ALLEGORY OF GALATIANS, FOURTH

Cll/\PTEK
In the Fourth chapter of l;alatians the Apostle Paul
calls lo our allcnlion lhe Covenants and explains the
relationship nf the Abraha111ic Covenant or Promise to
the .Law :tllcl the New Covenants. using the figure of a
husband with two wives lo illustrate his teaching.
111 this chapter he woultl have us understand the
/\brahamic Covenant or Promise is represented by Abraham, a11<l the Law and the New Covenants arc represented hy two women, the two wives of Abraham, by
whom his ehilclrcn were born. In this allegory the nature
M the covenants is clearly indicated, Abraham, a male,
indicating- the natmc of the Oath-bound Promise is of
one kinrl, while H a~ar and Sarah, females, indicate the
Law anti New Covenants arc of another llaturc, but themselves of the same natllre. It has heretofore been shown
that the /\hrahamic Covenant was an "unconditional,
oath-hound promise."' and !hat no individuals arc unc.ler
it, bul thal it binds (~od onlv. The Law an<l New Covenants arc different from the Abrahamic Covenant, being
agreements or contracts, with conclitions attached.
In Lhis fourth chapter of Galatians we arc told "these
things arc an allq~ory.'' Which lhing-s arc the allegory?
The hirth of children .by H1cse two mothers.
Thr co-operation of Hag-ar was required to produce
T:;hmarl,-thc [sracl accnrclin~ to the llesh. 1Iagar, we
arc tnld ((;at. 4 :24-25) represents the Law Covenant.
Tn A.els 3 :::?4, 25. 2(), we arc informed of the Israel in the
llcsh that the.'\' "wrrl' the children of the covenant which
God made with mir fathers. saying- unto Abraham, And
in thv seed shall all lite kinclrcds of the earth be blcss~cl." .
We irnow the Jews were children of the Law Covenant

88

Vl.EW::! ON 'l' HB UOVJ!:NANT8 1 li:'l'C.

and in this thin.1 chapter of Acts we arc tol<l they were

children of the covenant made with Abraham, and lhcv
themselves were wont to s;iy, ''We have Abraham lo 01\r
father," etc. In l{omans 4:16 we arc plainly tol<l that
Abraham had two scccls, one which is by Law and another which is of Faith (;is il is wrillcn, "1 h;ive made
thee a father of nations.") It is thus clear that the
Jews according to the flcsh arc children of the Law
Covenant, their mothcr, and also cl1ilclrc11 of J\hraham,
according Lo the flesh. J\brahan1-the J\brahalllic Covenant or Promise-is their father, and Hag-ar-thc I .aw
Covenant-is their 111othcr. 'v\f<:. thus sec bolh the Law
and the Abrahamic Covenant in existence al the sam<:.
time, the Law Covenant being in the position of mother
and the Abrahamic Covenant in the position of father
to the Israelites according to the Hesh. The chil<lren
were "servants" because of the position of the mother.
ancl we arc told the Law Covenant was weak through
the ncsh, anc\ that it ''gcndcreth to bondage."
The Apostle then says thal Abraham had a son by the
free woman, hy promise. The expression "hy promise,"
in this verse, does nol refer lo the J\brahamic Covenant
or Promise, hnt refers to the promise that Isaac should
be born. Sec Gen. 15:4; 17:15. 16: Rom. 9 :9:
"And, hcholcl, the word of tlw Loni came unto hi111,
saying, This shalt not be thine heir; but he that shall
come forth out .. of thine own bowels shall be thine
heir.''
"And Goel said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wifr,
thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her
name he. And r will bless her, and give thee a son
also of her;
yea, l will hlcss her, an<I she
shall be a mother of nations: kin~s or pcopks shall lit
of her."
"For this is the word of promist'. At this time will r
.come, and Sarah shall have a son.''
The Apostle, we believe, is here calling attention to

ALLEOOHY 01" GALATIANS.

89

Sarah as representing the New Covenant, the better covenant (Heb. 7: 19-22 ), which makes perfect lhose under
its provisions of grace. The child of Sarah was free,
and so arc Lhc cl1il<lrm of the New Covenant. We arc
not under Law, not un<lcr the Law Covenant, but under
grace, under the New Covenant. The /\hrahamic Covenanl or Promise could not of itself bear children or bless
us, but united with the New Covenant or arrangement
{for the won! covenant means arrangement) children are
produced, blessings flow to the See<l, and later to "all
kindreds of the earth."
Just as the promise of lsaac's binh could not fulfil
itself, but the co-operation of Sarah was required to
bring Isaac into existence, so the promise of a "seed"
could not fulfil itself, hut reciuired the New Covenant,
typified by Sarah, lo bring into existence the promised
blessing.
Altenlion is here calleil to the original promise in Gen.
22:15-18. Not only all nations arc to be blessed through
this covenant or promise. llllt the seed itself is to be
blessed. Some claim the Abrahamic Covenant is confined
to the (;ospcl Age, and the New Covenant is confined to
the Millennial /\ge. Jf this were true the promise would
have lo he cut in half, for all nations arc certainly not
being hlessccl dming the Gospel Age. Two ages arc requirec.I lo (ulfil or complete the /\brahamic Covenant.
Where then would llie New Covenant come in? Vl/e an
swer from the words of the Apostle in Gal. 4 that the
New Covenant is couple<! with the A brahamic Covenant
and they together extend over two agC"S, the Go!;pel ancl
Millennial.
This is brought out i11 versl' 27 of Gal. 4, which says:
"Rejoice thou barren that hearest not; hrcak forth
anti cry, thou that travailcst not: for the clcsolatc hath
many more children than she which hacl an husband.''
ln the Jewish age the Law Covenant. represented by
Hagar, was married to the husband, Abraham, who rep-

!)0

vrnw::;

ON

'l' lll~

('0VJ::NJ\N'l'8, E'J'C'.

resented the /\brahamic Covenant or promise. In the

Gospel and }i iilcnnial Ages the New Covenant, represented in Sarah, is lo be 111arril:d to the llusband and produce the seed and later all nations.
In the type I-I agar had one cl1ild-I sh111acl-a11d Sarah
had one child-ls~iac. If we say, <1s some do, that Sarah
represents lhc 1\11raha111 ic (11\'.t11a11!, whidt is to c;.;ist
<luring the ( ;ospcl J\gc ouly and during this time produces
one child-the seed of promise-while tlw New C11ve11a11t
is lo exist during- the i\I illtn11ial 1\gc and liear 111any 11atio11s, wherein is it lrne that the "barren lmtli 111a11y 111orc
children tha11 she which hath the husband?"
J\cccptinl! the trnlh lhal Sarah represents the New
Covenant, all is plain, fo r is it not written (t;l'l1. 17:15-16,
quoted above ) th at Sarah is the mother of the Seed. and
also the mother o f " many 11atio11s ?" When is Sarah
the mother of the Seed? 1J11ri11g the Gospel A~e. When
is Sarah the llH)lher of nations? During- the 1\1 illcnnial
Age. The Law Covenant had nm: child 1111ly-thc Jewish
natio11- d11ri11g the Jl'Wislt /\gc. Thcrt fnn! t11is intnpretation crnnplics with the typ;:. Sarah is the representative o f the New Covenant and hears Liil' Scee! 1ll11>i11g
the (;ospcl J\gc ancl the " 11<1tions" <luring the Millennial
AJ!c, and so the /\postlc says in verse ~6 of (;al. 4,
"Jernsalem wh:ch is aliovc I Sarah-the New Covc11anl I
is free, which is the mother of us nil.'' or as the Dingloll
p uts it. "jl'rusalc111 which is aliuvc is free , which is our
mother." In this piclltre Sarah is rcpresenkd as the
mother of the Seccl n11d abet as the mother of many nations. r\ltraltam is the father of thl' Seed. and also the
fa ther of 111any 11a1i1111s, as it is wrilttn (Gc11. 17:4, 5 ).
"Thou shall he Litt father rif 1mrny nations," and ( l{omans 4: 1/). I ltan n1:11k 1hec a fo thcr of many nation:-;,"
Is J\braha111 the father of lltall \' n ations now? No. I k
was the fatll<'r n f tlte Jewish i1alio11, childH'll acconlinglo the lksh, cltildren of bondage. I le i.; the father of the
Seed, a frte child during the Gospel Age, lmt he is not

A LLJ~G<.Jlff OF 0 ALA'l'lAN15.

91

yet lhe father of nations. He will be the father of nations during thl IV!illennial Age. from this it is clear, as
the Scriptures also make plain, lhal the Abrahamic Covenant ur l 'rumise is in existence through the Gospel Age
and through the l\lillennial Age, in conjunction with the
New Cove11an l. These lwo ages arc required to fulfil
a11d 1.:0111pktc these covena 11 ls. Du ring the Gospel Age
the New l'ovc11a11t fulfil s the first part of the Abrahamic
Cm'l'11a11l by prndm:ing- thl Secd, while in lite i\lille1111ial
1\g-e it fulfib the scco11cl part in lilcssing all the families
of the carlh .
From lhc ahove we think it clear that the Abrahamic
Covenant cannot be conlincd lo the Gospel J\ge an<l the
New Covenant cannot be confined to the Millennial age,
as is atlc111ptcd to be clone by some.
W c now call attention to a very important matter in
ln l.''Jll:. We :ire frequently told in the Watch
Tower that Lii<' t'1inl wife of t\hr:iham, Keturah, typified
a third cnvc1w11 t. l he N cw Covenant. 'v\I e wou lcl ask,
lly \\hat a11lhoril\ b she ckdared to be a type? 'vVherc
is the Scripture that 11.'achcs that she is a type of anything- or a11yhody? Keturah is not so mud1 as mcntionecl
l>y lhc t\postlc. 1n C;,i1. 4 :22-27 he lays the allegory Lefore 11s. 111c11liu11ing- 1-Jag-ar and Sarah. hut omitting any
rcere11ce to 1'el 11rah. Why is this? 111 the 24th verse
the Apostle spe;iks of T'vVO covenants. seemingly taking
fo r grant<:d there arc h11t two, as we have heretofore
~hown is thl' c:i;c, the t\braha111ic Covenant being of a
difftrcnt nature "nncl not rcalh a co\'cnant in the same
sense as thl' La\\' and Nl'W :11'.range111cnls arc covenants.
Is il not slra11g-c that in the disn1ssi(lll of the covenants
a~ rcpr<:SL'llll'cl i11 typt~s. he fail$ to 111cntion Keturah in
this alkg-ory. if she represented the New Covenant?
~arah is sai<I lo lw the "mother of us all." K<.turah is
not cvtn rdcrr<.cl to "" hi111. \ Vherc cuulcl shl' llavc heen
lictll'I' inlrnduccd tha11 here, a:-; he discu:-;se~ the types of
rc~pccl

92

vrn\VS ON 'l'Irn COVENANTS,

J~'r('.

the covenants? Must it_not he that lie rcgarclccl Sarah as

the type of the New Covenant? llavc we any righl at all
to add to the allegory in order to support a theory? The
Apostle spoke to us by inspiration of Jeho vah, and it
seems that nothing but direct inspiration would authorize
such an important addition to the Aposllc's thought an<l
explanation. Vic think the indications arc clear that the
type ceased in Sarah and Hagar.

FURTHER PROOl' THAT KETURAH WAS NOT

/\ TY l'E.
In Gen. 25:r-7 we react:
''Then a~ain Ahrnham look a wi fc an<l her name
was Keturah. /\11c1 she hare him 7.imran, a11d Jokshan,
and Medan, and IV!idi:111, and fahhak. and Slmalt.
All these were the children of Keturah. And
Abraham gave all thal he hacl unto !sane. llut unto
the sons of lhc concubines, which Abraham had. /\bra. ham gave gifts. ancl sent them away from Isaac his
son, while he yet lived, eastward, 1111to the cast c0untry.
And these arc the clavs of the vcars of Abraham's lift'.
which he lived, an hunclrccl thrccsrorc amt fifteen
vears. "
it is often stated that /\hraham married Keturah after
the death of Sarah, this view no douht hcing- taken hccause the verses q11otcd ahovc follow the chapter describing- Sarah's clcath. (Chapter 23.) Tf such a view wcr<'
true, Ahrnham would have been al least 137 vcar~ old
when he married Keturah. prnvickcl lhc marriag-c took
place immediately after thl dcalh of ~arah. fn Gen.
23:1 Sarah's ng-e is statccl to he 127 years. 111 Ccn. 17:17
/\hraham speaks of himscli as hcing ten yearn ol<il'r than
his wi fe. ThcrdorC' when Sarah died at the ng-c nf 1:?7,
Ahrnham was 1.17 years old.
Tf this was the time that Abraham tonk Kc111rah to
wifr. then we have the remarkable history of the l>irth

KETURAH WAS NOT A TYPE.

93

of six successive sons of t\braha111, after he hail attained

137 years of ag-e-wilhonl ;1 siugle word of comment by
Lite historian as lo the a~tm111cli11g- 11alttrc of lite occnrrcncc, or any alk111pl lo cq1lain the 111allcr, even frum
the slamlpoinl of 111iraculo11-;, divine, assistance. On the
other lwnd, with Abraham only 100 years old, we have a
fttll and cin.:umstantial account of the birth of Isaac, and
lhal event hcing- carefully credited to the interposition of
divine pruvide11n" .-\t that ti111c /\brahan1 is reco rded as
having' txpn:ssccl the gn:atcst incredulity respecting the
possihility of a son heing horn to hi111. Sec (~en. 17: 17.
We als11 have I 'aul's comment upon the cin.:11mstance, in
({omans 4: llJ (note Oiagloll nmlcring-), ;111c\ H ch. 1 1 : c2.
Thc:;c rcfercm:cs dearly prove the 111iracnlo11s character
of Isaac's birth. Uut when we come to Keturah's progeny we arc asked to believe that the six sons came into
being at mnch later periods, withonl the assistance of
anything 111iract1!ons whatever. 'vV c cannot consider that
the silualio11 justifies any such illog-ical view.
From I Chron. I :32 it is evident that Keturah was
simply a co11cuhi11c, ancl her children were amongst those
already living at Sarah's death, who were remembered
with presents and sent -away to support themselves, as
stated in Gen. 25 :6-7.
This view is upheld by McClintock and Strong, in
their Encyclopedia of 13iblical and Theological Literature:
"/\s Abraham was 100 years ol<l when Isaac was
born, who was given to him by the special bounty of
l'ruvillcnce when he was as good as dead [Heb. 11: 12,
who ev~n as lo these things had bcco1i1c lifclcss-Diaglott 1 ; /\s he was 140 years old when Sarah died;
am! as he hi1mclf diccl at the age of 175 years, it has
seemed improbable that these six sons should have
Leen born to Abraham by one woman after he was
140 years old ancl thal he should have seen them all
grown up lo adult age, ancl have sent them forth to
form indcnenclcnt settlements in that last and feeble

94

\'IEWS OX TTIB CO\"F:NA:--'TS. ETC.

Jll'riod nf life. ]t has thcrdll'c hw11 r-mg-g-cskd that as

Kctmah is calkd 1\braham's rn11rnhi11c in Cl1r1111idcs,
and as she ancl I lagnr an prnhallly i11di1at1cl as his
crinc11hi111.:s i11 C;e11. :tS /1, l~l:tnr ah had )i(111 takl'll hy
1\liraha111 as his .~cc1111dary <lift' >r rn11c11'1i11c ll'if, 111.:fore the <kalh o[ Saral1, althnugh tlw hi:-.toria11 relates
the affair afll'r that tnnt, that his kacli11g 11arrativc
111 i ~h l 11nt he i 11 le rru pll< I."
The fal'.t that the nrnrd !lf l\:dmah 's rclatin11ship Lo
Abraham follo\\'s the a<:cou11t o f Sarah's 11lath proves
nothing-. To insist that it did wn11ld in\'nl vc S!llllC ahsunlilics i11 inlc rprc:li11g- <Jll11:r p;irls of lhc sanw chap\l'r
(Gen. 25), where :\hraha11 1's 1kalh is l'l't:ordnl pri<lr !11
the account of t he birth of l:sau a11cl Jacob. As ;1111allc1 of
fact, J\h rah;1111 lived fifll'C ll \'cars after the. twins wen
horn, as is easily shmvn by comparison 11f Ce11. 17: 17:
21

:s: 25 :7, 26.

The wording in Gen. 25:1

"Tltc11

(J\utho rize1l Version),

agai1~

Abraham look a wife.'' is not an accura te

rendering of the original I [ebrcw. These first two wo rds
arc supposed to translate "yoscph va~ikkah," but do not
clo so. The true rc111lcri11g- is. ' ' 1\ncl Abraham adcfcth and

lakc//1 a wife." Prof. Geo. lhtsh savs: "There is no thing in the original properly a11swerii1g lo the word thw,
or lo mark s11ccess irm ." ~ l le lranslatcs the ve r:-:c. ' l\ncl
i\braham had taken in aclclilion ( another) wife."
Jamieso n, Fawcett and nrown, in their Bible Commentary. say: "1\hraham took a wife, or rather, hacl
taken-for Ke turah is callee\ Abraham's co11c11blne or
scconclary wife, in I Chron. t :32. And as . from he r
hearing- six sons Lo hint, it is impossihlc that he 111arrie1l
after Sarah's death; and also , as he sent them all out to
seek their own imlependcnce during his lifetime, it is
clear that his marriage is rclatecl out of its chro11ological
order, merely to form a proper winding up o f the patri-

arch's history."
And final(v the very fact that Keturah is called Abra-

TIIE P i\SSOVER TYPE.

96

ham's co11c11l>i11c is evidence that he look her while Sarah

0 as
his conculiim, lml univ as liis wik.
It Sl.'t111~ thcrdure dear lhat Kctmah was 111.JL a thin!
wife, in point of ti111c, and that she could not \Jy a11y
propriety be set forth as a lype of the New Covenant,
upon this g-rm111d, as wdl as 11pu11 the uthcrs alrca<ly
prcscnlcd.

yet lived: otherwise she would not have been spoken

Till~ l'J\~SUVER

TYPE.

U111.: uf th<.: 11wst alluri11g a11c.J 111ost allractivc sections

of Scripture is that which presents to us the features of
the divine pla11 in tile form of pictures, types ancl shadows.
lt has attracted the attention of every thoughtful Bible
student. and is a field in which so111c have lo!it themselves liy reason of its intricacy, anc.1 have failed to make
real progress because they placed more weight upon the
types and shadows than upon the realities.
We arc given full authority to look upon certain passages of Scripture as having typical significance, because
of the statements of the Apostles to that effect, and wherever we note an inspired reference to any person, event
or circumstance a s of a lypical characler we are safe in
treating il lh11s. Errors have hc:en largely the result of
trying lo 111akc types out of Scriptures not plainly shown
to have been so intended. i\ prominent ilhtslralion of
this is in rcspcc:l lo Keturah, the concubine or third wife
of Aliraha111, who has been frequently referred to as a
type of the New Covenant, without the slightest authority
therefor hy any iw;pired Scripture statci11cnt, as already
shown. lt is this error which has led to the unscriptural
prci;cntaticm that the New Covenant belongs exclusively
to the Millennial Age, and not lo lhe Gospel Age.
Wliilc authorized types arc to be recognized, and
highly appreciated as throwing valuable light upon details
of the divine purpose which they foreshadowed, it cannot

96

\'JEWS ON TUB rovBNANTS, ETt.

In; too strongly urg-td tllal types must never he used as

the basis 11pu11 <l'liicft to build dactri11cs . ( )nly plain,
rkarly expressed ~1.:ript11rt:-. can he ltsccl lo fon11 Ilic
basis of a11y dodri11c, and if lhnc arc nu such plai11, 111m11gnrativc Scriptun.:s lu s11pporl a ~ivcn view, llic logical
ronclusion must he thal the view is 1111scriptmal. I 11tcrprctatio11 of l ypcs ll111sl con forlll lo dear! y expressed
truths in other parts of Cod's \Vord, and if we find the
lallcr contradicting- an assumed inti:rprctatit1n of a type
we arc bound lo revise lhc view hdcl respt-cti11g- the type
so that it will co11forn1 witlt the plain s1atc111t11t of the
l:i111c.
Having these points clearly before us. let us briclly
examine a Lypc which has Sllllll! hearing- upon 011r discussion of the Covenants, viz., the I 'assover, a11d Lile subsequent delive rance from l:gyptian lmlldag-c.
The inslilution of the Passover is recorded in Exocl. 12.
It signified the passinR over of the children of Israel by
the Angel of the Lord, on the nighl iu which every firslhorn of Egypt was slain, "fro111 the first-born of Pharaoh
unto the first-born of the captive,
. . and all. the
first-born of lhc nt!llc." The means proviclcd to pre!icrvc
the first-born of Israel was lite blood of an unblc111ishecl
lamb sprinkled upon the door posts and lin lcls of the
houses. J\s a rcsull of this passing- over of the firstborn of Israel the whole of that people escaped from the
bondngc of E~ypt.
Ueing led out of tire lancl of captivity hy i\'loses, they
were pursued hy Pharaoh and his host, but escape<! their
hands by the opening- of a passage t hrou~h the Reel Sea,
in which the Egyptians were overthrown and clestroyed.
In praise to Goel for this miraculous deliverance Moses
ancl Is rael sung the Psalm recorded in Exoclns t 5.
T he authority to consider this narrative a type is clear.
Peter refers to om Lore\ as "a lamb without blemish"
(I Pct. r : 19) , an cl Pan! declares, "Christ our Passover is
sacrificccl for lts" (T Cor. 5 7). The typical sig-nificance,

TIIE I" ASSOVEn TYPE.

however, hus occasioned considerable dispute. Some have

c111phasizecl the Lcxt lasl quole<l as a proof tllat the sacrifice of Jesus was only offered by him on behalf of "tts,"
!hc church, his body . lf this were lrue, it would mean
lltat 110 !;acrificc has ever been or ever will be offered for
the world of mankind, because the type of lhe Passover
shows no other sacrifice than that of lhe lamb to correspo11d Lo a separa!c oITcring- for the world. This view
is also contradictory lo the plain declarations of the New
Testament: "I \chold the Lamh of Gud which taketh away
the sin of the world ." (John l :29). "He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for
the sins of the whole world.'' (I John 2 :2. ) "Jesus
Christ
. by the grace of God, should taste death
fur every man." (Heb. 2 :9.) In llarmony with our
proposition in a previous paragraph, therefore, we are
obliged to interpret the type in line with these plain
stalemcnls, ancl to say thal the l'assover Lamb rcpresentetl a sacrifice 0 11 liehal f or for the benefit of the whole
nation of Israel, typical of the whole world. But how
dicl the whole nation secure such a benefit, since only the
first-born were in clang-er that night? I3ecause through
the passing- over of the tirst-bo111 the entire nation and
not merely the first-horn were released from slavery and
permitt ed lo leave Egypt. The deliverance of the nation
as a whole therdore was accomplished by the Passover,
bnt the type rcpre~ent s a special class as being in special
danger and therefore specially marked as objects of
divine favor.
This is beautifully fulfilled in the antityj>e. Jesus Christ
as the Lamb of God has been provitlecl to take away the
sin of the world, and we who now rejoice in the favor of
cleansing- from sin and acceptance with God realize that
this condition came through acceptance of that sacrifice
made for the world, of which world we were a part. In
this position of favor we arc the antitypical first -born
(Heb. 12 :23), because we arc the first class to be recon-

!J8

\'TE\\'R Oi\" 'T'TTP. !'O\'l:i\"A:'\T!'Z, E'l'C'.

riled lo Cod through lhl' dcall1 of l1is sm1. 1\ ;; a rcsu!L

\\'l' an.: in Sjll'CiaJ danpr
11f lhc Sccnnd I kalll. unk:; ... we al>i1k "11111kr the.: ltl11ud"
11f spri11kli11g, 1d1id1 pn>ll'ds 11s fru111 llit a1' l' ll~i11g :utglI.
The sa111c blood whid1 avaibl lu Lint:- pr11ln:l us. llic
lirsl-born class, provided a 1m;111~ of t'~Gljll' fro111 l Ill'
bondage of ~in a11d 1kalh for lilt whole \\'Prld, and lhl
t!Xpericnccs of all lsral'I in their delivera11rc fru111 E~ypl
afford a compklc picture nf the ll'orld's txpcricm:cs.
The Reel Sea, which al lirsl prcsc11t1d ;u1 appannl i11s11rnu>1111lab!t: Ohstack lo l'SC<ljll' f Will ) 'ltaraoh. s11ggcsls lite
totllh. the CCJlldilioll of 1kalh, whid1 !>CCllls 111 c1111slil Ille all
impassable hindcrancc t11 any dclivcram:c from l 'haraoh's
anlilypc. Satan, "him Lhal hath the power of <lcall1."
1 I lcb. 2: 14.)
Dut as divine providcnrc n1adc a way
through the sea. and at the same lime, aud with tlw sa111e
clement, overthrew l'harauh and his host. so the Lore!
will make a way through death for all mankind, am!
bring them to complete rlclivcrancc bcyon<l the tomb. as
cleclarecl hy Jesus himself. (John s :28, 29, Revised Version : "Marvel nol at this: fnr the hom romcth, in which
all that arc in the tombs shall hear his voice, anc.I shall
come forth; they that havt clone good unto the resurrection of life; ancl they that have done ill, unto the resurrection of juclgmcnl. 11 )
The thought is also forcil.lly expressed hy the Loni in
Hosea J 3 :14:
will ransom them from the poll'cr of
the grave: I will redeem them from death: 0 death, I
will he thy plagues: 0 gTave, I will he thy destruct.ion:
r<'pentance shall be hid from mine eyes.''
/\t the same time the pursuer, Satan. an<l his evil hosts
of wicked spirits ancl the unri~htcous institutions of this
present evil world. shall go down to ulter clestrnction.
The passing- of the Red Sea is not merely a picture of
the awaken ing- of the world from lhe tomb; it is a type of
t he complete deliverance of the worlcl from the thralldom
of sin and death during the Millennial /\ge. So long as

nr our rcJatio11ship Ill lhl n1a!ll'I',

A J.'EW WORDS.

99

-;i11 rcn1ai11~ i11 the world as an inherited i111pcdcclion of

rliaral"ltr. /\da111ic death will remain. The destrm:lio11 of
,\tla111ic 1kath will require the e11tirc Millcnniu111 lo ilCc11111plish, a11d hrnt:c the sea. as a type of th\.! tomb, fitti11gly nprl'st11ts the c1111ditio11 lh<.: \\'(lrld will be in until
the ~I ille1111ial ) \~c h:i:- li11ishcd its wurk . 1n harmony
wilh !hi:-', note l';1111's \\' 111"1ls i11 I. Cur. IS :25-28 :
"l,.or h<.: musl n:ign Iii! he hath p11t all enemies under
hi~ kl'l. The last t11c111y l lial shall 1.ll' destroyed is
death. Fm ht hat h pttl all thi11~s rn11ln l1is feet. JJut
wht11 ltc saith . :\II lltings arc ptll u11d1.:r hi111. it is manikst lhal ht is cxcq1lcd, which did put all thi ngs unclcr
l1i111. /\ncl when all things shall be subdued unto him,
then :;hall the Son also himself be subject unto him that
put all thi11g-s under him. that Goel may be all in all."
t\t the encl of the l\lillrnnium all the obedient will have
hl'en dcli,crcd from sin aml death. and the clisobcdicnt
will have perished with Satan in everlasting destruction.
T hen the song of dcli\crance which Moses and the children of bract sang- will have its antitypical fulfilment
and the whole nf c;ocl's fa111ily will unite in everlasting
praise to t;od for His wonderful work, so gloriously
acrn111 pl ished.
Viewed from th is standpoint. the Passover and the
dclivLrance from Egypt 1s a complete type hy itself, and
is 11nt lo be confusccl with Israel's s11bscquent experiences,
in cm111<:clio11 with the institution of the Law Covenant.
The latter i!< annthcr distincHypc by itscl f and illustrates
fn1111 another standpoint the work which Jesus accomplishccl as the i\lctliator of the New Covenant. scaled with
his own precious blood.

A FEW "WORDS RESPECTING THE SACRIFICES

OF THE LA \V COVENAN.T.
Lack of space prevents us from stating in futl our
views as lo the typical sig-niflcancc of the various animals
llsed in conncction with the atonement-day sacrifices.

100

vn:ws Ol\ TUE COVImANTS, ETC.

liriclty slated, however, we u1H.lc1sta11d the Scriptures to

leach the following:
The bullock rcprcscntccl Jestis Chri:-.t. 'vVc think all
will agree un this, an<l we will therefore nol dwell 011 this
point.
The rt'd ltl'ifcr, 11ll'nlioncd in Numbers 19, was a type
of Jesus Chri:-t, for it is pointed out in Heb. 9: ( 3-14 that
Jesus accomplishes fur us that cleansing which was typically accomplished hy the red heifer.
The scape g-oal was another picture of our Lor<l Jes us
Christ. As stalecl in Lev. 1(> :20-22, all the iniquities and
transgressions of the children of Israel were confessed
over the hca<l of the scape g-oat, and put upon it, anti
the goal was sent off in the wilderness Lo carry away
these sins. "J\n<l the g-oat shall bear upon him all their
inil1uilics unto a land not inhnhited.'' Jesus Christ accomplished the same work for nil those typified by the
chilclren of lsrncl, that is, all lite world. ln Isa. 53 :6 we
read: "Jehovah hath laid on llim the inic1uity of us all."
In john I :29 we read: "Behold the lamb of God, which
hcarcth away f 111argin I lite sin of the wprlcl." In
I Peter 2 :24 we read: "Who 11 is own self bare om sins
in I I is ow11 body tu the tree'' (margin).
Some claim that. the scape goat represents the "great
Company." If i;uch were the case, then the Great Company would carry away the sins, not only of the worl<l,
hut also of the Little fo"lock, for be it noticed that the
scape goat bore away the sins of the entire nation o(
Israel, type of the entire world, including the Church.
But we know that Jesus Christ alone "bare our sins in his
own hotly to the tree" a11cl not the Great Company, and
therefore we know that other view is false, unscriptural.
The Lord's goal is also a type of our Lord Jesus
Christ, for lh~ Lord's Goat was offered to make atonement for the nation of Israel, type of the world, and we
know that Jcs us Christ is "the propitiation of our sins,
a ntl not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole

MILLENNIAL DAWN TEACIUNGS.

world.'' <John

2 :2.

101

'He Rave HIMSELF A RANSOM

FOR ALL" "This he clid once for all, when he offered

up himself," (Hcl>. 7:27.) llcl>. 10:14: "He offered
one sacrifice for sins for ever."
Notice also that the Lord's g oat was offered for the
people, and read the following:
llcb. 13:r1 , 12. "Wherefore. Jesus also, that He
mig'ltt sanctify THE J>l..!.Ol'LE, with HIS OWN
l:LUOD, suffered without the gate.''
These and many other scriptures clearly leach that
Jcsus C11rist alone is typified by lhe Lord's goat and by
the other sacrifices of the <lay of alonemcnt, representing
different aspects of the one sacrifice offcrecl on Calvary.
This matter is well explained in ''The New Covenant
Advocate and Kingdom licralcl,'' April issue. This journal is an excellent o ne. edited by Uro. E. C. Hcnninges.
/\Udrcss The Covenant Puhlishinit Company, 8 Fink's
D11ildin~s, Elizabeth Street. M elhourne, Australia. Price
per year 75c. This journal contains many excellent articles on the covenants. am. 11pon other scripture subjects
and is well worth subscribing for, as is also ''Good News
of the Coming Age," t 5 Ranelag-h Road, l3elgravia, London. S. 'vV. Price, one c;hilling and sixpence, or 4oc per
year.

f\llLLENK1AL DAWN TEACHINGS.

The views sel forth in lhill tract lo lhc effect that Jesus
is the 111e<liator of the members of the Church and that
they arc unclcr and arc being blessccl hy the New Covenant. were maintained ancl taught in the Watch Tower,
and in all the volumes of tvlillcnnial Dawn for al least
twenty years, from the time Volume I was published in
1886 11ntil 1')07. in which year the Editor :111cl Author of
the Tower and Dawns changed his views and now teaches
that the members of the church never needed a mediator

102

Vl1':\.\'8

u~

Tlll: con:N.\N'l'8, 1:T1'.

and that the\ arc not, and mvcr

Covcnan t.

\\l'l'l'.

under the !\cw

\\/hen holcl1ng- tu Lhc older vil'\\ ... ( th11~e ~l'l f11rlh in

thi~

Imel) he al variom. ti1m:s slated that

lho~c

wh.,,

after h;win~ accepted Jc:-us as their 111cdiator, dcninl

him a ......mh and rq1111lialtd th<: New Cov(nant, wo11lcl
fall into tht h:uah. ni lite l.ivin~ ( ;ncl a11cl 111cct llHi.- jnsl
dc:-crh. ullcr dcstn11:ti1111, l he 'l'l't111d clcalh. (Sec pag1s

41, 7.?., 75.) I k. 11<11\cvt'r, hao., now dt111e the very thing
whid1 he at that time so stnmg-ly rn11d11nmd: <llld yd, in
a 1Tcc11l Tmnr. hl i111plics that tht1sc whu hold tn the old
views 011 tht:-t suhjt"cls arc 11111 right al heart, that they
have gone into 1111lcr darlrncss: and he 11 ...es Lhc language
of I lch. <.:.~-~ rcspcrting them. I k i111plits al-.o that
they arc "chaff .. ancl do not appreciate the lig-ht. l le docs
not, i11dtecl, pn:tcncl to sh<iw how they ha\c fallen away.
or how tlu:v have crud lied tu thtmschcs Lhe S1111 of C;rnl
afresh, hut he 1mnlv sce111 ... to a ......11ml' thal because
they dtl 11<11 :1~rcc with him that lhlrd11rc lhly arc perverse, ,,,, the mad lo ultt r dcslrnctio11. clc. And Yet
they arc 11wrcly holcl i11g Ill lhal wliid1 hl ta11g-hl fnr 1_ri11h
for 111;\lly yean. ! In his i11n11cr wrilini.rs he cnltlkmnccl
the position whid1 he now takes. and li_v his prc:slnt position Ill ad111ib that he was leaching what was untruth
for over lwc11t, ,car..;!
Strang-c lo reiatc, he insi~ts that his views have 11ol
chang-ccl on lhl'"C suhjects ! ( )ur reply is, Read the extracts f mm the f):nrns ~ive11 below. and from the \Vatch
Tower, ~i\'l'll 011 nthcr pages. ancl compare them with the
present lcachinj:!"s .;cl forth in the \\'<:1td1 Tower. Lt will
lil st'l'll that hr ha.- cn111plltdy IT\"l'ro:ccl his po.;itirn1. Ill'
indetd tdls 11 s IH\I that Ill' fornwrly wa-. 11si11g- wn111gi.-n11s "ht11 1xpns,i11g ri).!ht tl11111ghls. lint a card11l 1Tadi11g- of the ,arim1s Tower and l >:lwn arlidcs shnws that
he 1111dcrsll)c1cl and cxprr.,.scd very clearly lhc lhnug-hts
which he hdrl al th<:1l Lime. Tle showld plainly that we
arc 1111clcr thl' Xew Co\e11a11l and that Je~us Christ is

MlLLBNNl.l\L lJA WN 'l'EA<.;lllNOS.

103

Ollr l\ lccliator, an<l he usc<l the right terms to express his

tltollghts.
The Edito r o f the \ Vatch Tower aml Author of the
Da w11s is urging very persistently the sale of !he Dawns,
cn11taini11g- 111a11y passag-cs which claim that Jesus is our
l\lc<liato r anti that we arc under the New Covenant, and
ycl lie docs not bcli<.ve such to be the trnth.' In other
\\'Ords , lie is no w spreading- that which he holds to be
error. and is saying uf those who accept the teachings of
the Dawns 011 these points that they arc goin~ into outer
darkness, llwl they arc ''t:haff'' ancl arc not right at heart!
In other worcls. he is teaching-, throllgh the Dawns and
Studies in the Scriptures what he holds to be untrue, and
thcu condemns as unworthy those who believe him!
\Vhat incunsist<.ncy I
Fo llowi11g arc a few extracts from the various volumes
of lhc Dawns nnd Studies in the Script11res, teaching that
Jeslls is our ~kdiator and that we arc under the New
Covenant. \Ve co uld ~ivc 111u11y more such passages both
in the Dawns a11d in the \Vatch Tower:
"Call it whal we please, the facts arc the SAME;
viz .. /\LL \\'l'J-C sentencL'd to <lL'ath because of Adam's
disoucdit'ncc. and ALL will enjoy (IN THIS Lll'E
OR Tl! E t\ EXT ) a full opportunity to gain cverlasti11~ lift under the favo rable terms of the NEW COVEN /\.NT." Vol. r, page r 30, bottom; then rca<l to
micldlc of page t J 1.
"Om T.cm! having boug-l'!t /\dam and his race with
his OWN life. can now legally, justly, give a new
offer of life to them !\LL: am! this offer to all is
cnllecl the NEW COVl".NANT. SEALED. RA TTFllm OH. J\IJ\UE Ol'EJ{/\TIVE hy HTS death."

Vol. 1, pag-c 1.p, hull<>111.

"Thcir <.'nven:rnl. sC'alcd \\'il h the hloocl of hulls ancl
goats, was typical of the 1'\E\V COVENANT. scaled
with the precious bloncl of Christ. under which the
reconciling- o f the wo rld shall be effected in the next

104

VIEWS ON THE COVENANTS, ETC.

age, as WELL J\S THE RECONCILING OF THE

CHURCH IN THE PRESENT TIME." Vol. 2,
page 178.
"Such seem to lose sight of their personal unworthiness, as well as the Lord's unblemished perfection: and
INSTEAD OP REALIZING THAT AT BEST they
arc 'unprofitable servants,' they seem to sec in TllE!R
OWN LITTLE SELl'-DENIALS, for the truth's
sake, something- wonder fol-the EQUIVALl~NT ( >F
WIIAT OUR LORD JESUS DID-and feel that
they as much a he arc INDISPENSJ\DLE to the execution of the great plan of the ag-cs which the SL'ripturcs reveal. Such arc g-uilly of NOT HOLDING
THE HEAD and his great work of redemption, in
proper respect. These stand condcmnccl of 'counting
the blood of the (New) Covenant wherewith THEY
were sanctified' (and acccptccl) a common or ordinary
thing," etc. Vol. 3, pag-cs 200-2or. "Common" sometimes has the significance of "that which is shared by
ma1w." Docs it HEHE?
"And ~OME claim that they need NO MEDIATOR or r:insom.'' etc. Vol. 3. page 202, top of page.
"The g-ospcl favor con:-;islecl in the offer of the Kingdom (exclusively) to IlELIEVERS IN CHRTSTthe 'HIGH CALLING' . of all reconciled to Goel
UNDER THE NEW COVENANT, who might avail
t hemselves of the OPPORTUNITIES THUS
GRANTED." etc. Vol. 3. page 217, top.
''As the first tables of the Law that were broken
represented the failure of the Law Covenant hy reason of 'the weakness of the Ocsh.' so the second tables
represented the NEW COVENANT of which Christ
is J\krliator. ancl which will not fail. This NEW
COVEN A NT WHILE OPERATIVE TOW ARD
ALL 'CALLED' to he of the ELECT CJTURC! I
throughout the GOSPEL AGE. will not be promul-

MILLENNIAL DAWN TEACHINGS.

105

gated to the world until the 'body of Chr1st' is complete." Vol. 4, page 631, middle.
"It also assures us of the UNCHANGEABLENESS of divine law. This assurance that God's love
and justice operate in fullest harmony, gives us confidence that the SAME PRINCIPLES will continue
to rule the universe FOREVER, satisfies us that the
wrath, the curse, will be lifted from ALL who COME
INTO HARMONY WITH GOD THROUGH
JESUS I not the anointed Ch ri~tJ the MEDJATOR.
aud that ALL who DO NOT avail themselves of
TUI~ grace will be swallowed up of the SECOND
DEATH." Vol. 5, page 439, below middle of page.
"The divine arran6cmcnt for sinners knows NO
MERCY except in and through Christ and his work
o[ atonement and restitution, as OUR MEDIATOR,"
etc. l{cad next Paragraph. Vol. 5, page 471-472.
"No wonder that the Apostle warns us along this
line, that we should be careful how we reject the provisions of divine grace: he assures tis that to fall out
of the PROTECTING CARE OF THE MEDIATOR
WllOM GOD HATH APPOINTED, JESUS,
I Note: not lhc "Anointccl Christ'' j would he to fall
nowhere else than into the hands of the father," etc.
Vol. 6, page 168, middle of page.
CONCLUSION.
Slimming up briefly some of the main points of the
foregoing, we believe the Scriptures to teach plainly and
ckarly the following-:
( 1) The members of the Church arc not under the
/\ brahamic Covenant.
(2) The New Covc11a11t has been in operation
thniug-houl the Gospel Age, an<l will be in operation
throughout the l\1 illcnnia\ J\gc.

106

vrnws

ON 'l'flVi COVl;NJ\i\'1'8, Jo:'l'C.:.

(J) The mc111bers of the Church arc under the New

Covenant, and Jcsns Chris~ is their Mediator.
(4) Jesus Christ alone is the ransom, the sin-offering, and lhe ~lediator of the New C.:ovc11a11t. The
Church has 110 share in the work of rede111ptio11, 111ediation, propitiation, or in the satisfaction of justice, nor
arc they any part of any sin-offering.
(S) The hloo<l of the New Covct1a11l is the blood
of Jesus alone. The hluod uf the lllembers of the.:
Chnrch is of 110 value as ptrlains Lu the scaling- c,f any
cnve11a11l. or lo lhe forgiveness of si11s.
( 6) The al<me1111.:11 l-day sacrilices of the I.aw Cnvcna11 I were all typts of the one sacrilii:c of Jcs11s U1rist
011 Calvan'. fur the sins of the whole world. The
alo11eme11t~clav sacrilicc!; of the Law Covenant clu nol
i11 any i;ensc typify any sacrifice 111a<lc by the Cliun.:h.
The atonement-day sacrifices were for the covering- of
the sins of a people already in covenant relationship
wilh Goel.
(i) The sufierini:;s of the members of the Church,
"with Christ,'' during the Cospel 1\ge. arc not for the
satisfaction of Justice or the atone111c11 t of sin, u11t' an
for the clcvclopment of the members of the church and
to prepare them for their fotmc work as king-s and
prici;ts in the i\lillcnnial Age. Just as Christ was
made "perfect through su!Tcring,'' so they arc to he
ma<le perfect in the same way.
(8) Iii the allegory of Galatians 4, Hagar typified
the Law Covenant, and Sarah the New Covenant.
Keturah doe$ not enter into the allegory, and is not in
an~ $Cll~e a type.
( <)) Those who reject Jesus as their mediator can not
please the J.nrcl. hut. as pointed out in the \ 1Va1c.:h
To\\'cr and thl' Dawns. arc in danger of utter di:!--lrncti011. the second death.
I 11 cond us ion we \\'Ou Id u rg-c our readers to consiuer
these matters from the standpoint of the Scriptures alone,

CONCLUSION.

107

without regard lo former views or lhe adverse criticism

of olhcts. who perhaps have not given the subject a fair
nr cxte11<1cd tu11sidcration.
I.cl 11s hold fast to the Word of the Lord that it was
11ol Lite 111t111hcrs of llw church, hul Jesus Christ, that
din! fo r "the sins of tlit' whole world"; that il was not
thl' hlood of thl' church hul thl' hloocl of Jesus that was
"shed fur 111a11y f11r the rc111issirn1 of sins"; lhal tl<Jl the
11w1111Jers 1>f lht rhun:h l>11t .ksu:; Chri:-;t "g-ave hi111sclf
;1 rans11111 for aw: that not lite llll'lllbcrs of the church
l111L .ksus I 'hrist alc111c "offered up himself, once for all"
f11r tl11 :-;i11:- 1f lite penplt'; and that in the !look of
l\nclati1111 \\'1 read of 0111' one '' Lamli slain from the
f1n111dati1m 11i !lit wnrld,"' iltc "la111h or c;od that taketh
away the sin,; uf the world."' Jesus Christ. and that the
one hundred a11d forty-f11ur thousa11d mentioned in Rev.
7: 4 atT separate a111( disti11cl from the Lamh, and that
it was the blnod nf the La111h almtl' that matle white the
robes of the ~real mul!ituclc of Rev. 7; 9. ancl that
"clcansclh fro111 all sin.
l .ct us tl1c11 g-ivc all lhc praise, honor and g-lory lo our
Jfrdtt'llll'r and i\lccliator. Jesus Christ. and remember
that. al the lit:-.l. we ar<'. in the words nf the Lord,
unprnfilahk servants." and tlwrdort let us not lake
1111lo ourselves an\ honor o r merit that is not clear!\ and
di:->tinctly p;in11 t;, us by the Lord. J .cl us 11ot iii any
wav tvc11 stc111 In detract frrnn the sacrifice of our
Sa~iuur, hy s11~gtsli11g- that a11y additional sacrifices of
an~ kind wcrt ntccssary. nr were lo hC' given for the
re1k111ptio11 11f the \\'111ld. l.lt us rather. with all humility. C\Tr n:dizt our own 11othi11gness, and that all we
havt 1>r l1111>t' to ht rtsts ctttirely with Jesus, who alone
is Sa vi om . !\ kd ialor. Ht1kc11H'r. Sin-o ITcrin~, l\ Ia.o;ter
and I .<ml!

108

vrnws

ON THB t!OVBNAN'l'S, B'l'C.

Extra copies of this tract may he obtainetl from the

following, at 15c. per copy, postage prepaid:

M. L. .McP11A1c.,
7o6 W. 67th Boul'<I,
Chicago, 111.

J. H. GIESE\',

118 W. Ohio St.,

Allegheny, Pa.

SUBJECT-INDEX
PAGE.

A1'1e ministers of tllo Kew C:ovcnaut........... . .......

2930

Abrnhnm :
ln the allegory of GalnLlans 4 ... . . . .'. .... . .......
87-92
Not under Allrnhnmic Uovcnunt.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1113
Sccll of .. ...... ... ........ .. .................. , 14, 8702
Abrahnruic C.:o\c111int:
13
Not 1111ulti with AIJTnhnm , ... , . . ............... .. .
Unconditioual ......... . .............. . .... ..... . 7, 10-15
\Vlut l it is .. , ... . .. , . . ........... ..... ......... 7, 10-11
Who aro undtir it. ... .... . .... . ....... . .... . .... . 'i,11-lG

A fhr thollc tlays .. . ... . ..... . . .... .. ............... 18-21, 44

Allegory of Galatians 4 .. . .......... . , ........... .. .. .
8792
Atoncmcnt<lay sacri flees:
'l'hcir purpoim ........ .. .......... . .... . . . . .
Types of Jesus' sacrifice .... ........... . .... .... .

99101

Dible study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57

75-86

Blood of New Covcnnn t :

Sec New C.:ovarrnnt.
Illoo<l of sprinkling.. . ................. . .. ...... .....

2526

C.:hurch:
Illoo<l not 11 part of blood of New Covenant .. ... 4952 1 81-83
Contlition before nccnpting Jcs1ts Christ... . .... . ...
31-30
,Jesus Ch rist its Mediator . ............ . .... .. . .. .
. . . . . . . . . s, 15, 2628, 3045, 5!!00, 68-69, 72, 75, 103105
Not untler Abrnh:11nic Covennnt .... . ........... . ...... 8 1 1115
Uncler New Covc11n11t . ..... .. ..... .. . ..... . ... ...... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 20-21, 2G2S, 40-43, 58,5!11 64 165 1 103105
Receives blosllilll{ll of New Govcn:111t .. .............
5055
surrcringl purpoim of....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106
Counting !ho bloo1l of the New Covcn:inL "unholy, 11
''common 11
109

7075

~un .J l~(''l' - 11'\DEX.

110
t 'm!'11a11ls:

Whal is a co\.-11:1111... . . . . . . . . . . .
\\'Ital. i~ llh':tlll '1.v l11i11g lllld<-1' ;L l'u\'1'1111111.. . . . . . . . .
::;, ... 11ls11 N.-11 C'11n11:111t :1111) l,aw C',

!l
111

1:;. Iii

Pi rst-1111111 ... . .. . . . . .. ........ . .... .. ....... Iii. !>.I !I!>

I 11 11111 li1111 . .... . .. . . . . . . ... , . .. . . . . .. . , .....
I CSUM ( 'h ri st:
:\lc<liutnr 111' tlto l'l111nh .. .... ................ . .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . --~. ):I, :!(i .. t.i, :;::;.()o, OHHll. 7:!, 'i:i, w:l-lOii
l-\1al1:ol New C'11\'t.111a11l will. Iii>< 111\'11 hl1111d .........
. . . . . . . !! 1-:!H, I 1--f :;, 1!>-'itl, :i!l-litl, (i:\lI, Iii -CiH, llI -Xii, I O:l
'f'y pllic<I hy ~f nsrx .... . ..... . ..... ... ...... , .:!l:l:!, lill -!i:l

Hac1i!i11::; 1ypilil1I h.Y

xi1111 fl'1r i11~s

111' J,;1w ('11n111111f ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 'iii XI, HH- Ill:!

Hc,j1ctio11 uf. as r.lrliatur .. . .. , . :!li-!!S, llH:I, 1:1-i !i. 111:;

Keturah:
A 111nc11!Ji111 . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nnt a typ1 '....................... ... ...........

!t'.!-!l!i
!t i, !>:;

Law C11vcna11l:
MoHcll it11 Mediator ... . .. . . . .. . .... ... ...... , .'.!li::!H, tii-!iS
Purposes

or ... ............ .. .. ...... .... .. .....

l'ricsthood 11 f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
li(Hi7
Hcnlinit of . . . .... . ... ...... . . .. .. :!H, <i!HlI, li7 -!iS, ii!i, Sii
'J'ypc of New '"'''111;111l. ....... ..... 21-::!!I, 12-lf!I, !iH-lH
\\lliat it \\'UH. . . . .
8
With whom 11111clc ... : .......... . ..... . ... .
tHu!i
~~o :tlfio 'J'ypc aud A11lityt11 1 :11111 Nt:I\' l'u\'rn:.1111.
l\lrdial11r:

ncfiuilitlll 11( \\'Ort!. .. .. , . , ... .. .. .. ... , , . . . . .

2!1
llor11 1111t 1111c foreu ,.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H-4!1
0111', hC'twr.111 !lod n111J 111a11 ..... .... . ...... .... 14-.J!i, !i!I
llrjcclinu 11f .... .. . .. .. . !!!l-'.!ll, llH:l, 'iO-i!i, to!i

J\lilknuiul Dawn Httil'~. <~1111lnlio11:i frn111:

\'111~. 1Cl ...... .. . .. . . . .......... .... .. . . . , . . . . 1U:1-1n:;
2 . ....... .. ....... ......... ..... ..........
~~
. !) . .. . . . . . . . . '!.! :l-~hl.

7fi

New C:ovrnant:
Whnt it ix ....... , .. .................... ..... JR, Hi-18

SUD.JEGT -IND8X.

111
PAQ.E.

r11i1tit111i,.11 r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.:10
lti1 p111p11sr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hi
1\f'11r t l11sc d;iyl'............ .. .... .. .... . . .. ....
111!!1
l:loud uf ... .. . . .. ..... ... . .. . ... . ... . . :.!Ii, 'IH, !j:!, !i!J, H:S
l ll<'ssiu~s 11r . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .-.. .. .. .. ..
!ill!i!i
With \\) 111111 111a1lt ... .. .... . . .. ... .. .... ...... . . .
04-G!i
Hl'ali uf.! or ..... '.!I-'.!~, .11 ..1::. t!li'ill, !i!llill, li:l t i~. 07-li:i, 84-8fl
Its prici<l IH1111l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
liGG7
Its i\hdiatur . .f1i111s Ch rist . .. . . .. . ... . ......... . . .

. . . . . . . . . XH~ ~I. ~a , :.!ri.:!7, ;i4'H). n.i. !j:"i, i2, 74, JO:J-105

H1'.i1it:ti1111 or il s 1111ilial111'. ....... .. . !.lti28. 40.4:1, 71Vii>, IO!i
'l',l'ftilirtl lty Law ('m1111111I . . . ... . ....... :.ll!!:I, l:.!-4:1, i>886
~.... also 'l'.l'I''' and Anlitypl', a111l Ch11rl'11.

01111 f11 r a II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111~-;.1111

R2-84

1,1111 . .. .. ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .

l 1 ri11< li< :
f ,,.,it ir~tl, 1111tlr 1 f, ;iw Covona11t . . .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . .
lllm1114 lhPir 11111liator. .. .. . ........ . ....... . . .
Hoyal, 1111tlcr Nrw Cmrnnnt. .. . ..... ... .... . . .. . .
.Jl'su:i C:hrhL their mc1lintor . . . .. .. .. . .. , ..
Sncrilicr!l of I,nw Co\'rna11t:
'l'Yfl"R of .11~1111 <:hriHt . .. . .. ... . . . .. ............ .
'fltri r pu rpo~' . . . ... .. . . . . . .... . .. . . . .......... .

!ll>-102
7581

Sncrilicns of ( 1l11inlt:
l'urp11H1 n t' . ........ .. .. . .. .. .. . ......... . ..

10()

Sarnh, a type of lhr Nmv c,,vr11ant ... . ............

87-92

lili-67
(il{.(J!l
(i(j.(l7

680!>

SN1l nf Ahr:dmm .. .. . ....... . ....... ............... H,8792

~i11nff1 ri11~s:

'l'ypcx uf ,Jtxui< <'hrisl . . ... . . .... . . ... . ... ...

'!'htir fllll'flllSl' ....... .. ... . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .

!l!l-tO!l
7G81

Slully nf Bihlc ...... .. ... . . . . . . ... .. . .. .... ... .... .. .

5.7

'l'cRln111rnl :11111 trstat11r . .. . . . ..... . . .. . . ... .......... .

!i4GS

Typo anl AnLityptl :

Nr.w 111111 01!1 co1t>nants .. .. . . . . ... !.ll 2:1, 26-:JS, 4'.!<1:11 !i881l
Mose:< :nit! IJhrist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ ... ... .
21-22
\Vhrrr givr.n ............... . ........... . ......
60
llnw I ypi firtl ... ................. . ........ . .
GO

11 2

:SU 13.11~<'1'-I ~Ol~X.

PAGE.

Their 11111clialors ... .. .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lilG2
Sen ling of ....................... ..i:H:I, 5!Hill, 1i:l-lH, <i:i
With whu111 made.................... . . . . . . . . . . .
lil-li!i
Prieslhoo1ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
liGH7
Selection of priest!!.. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
!iG

Pric11tii h11J n 111cdi:itur... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

liS-li!J
Sinoffcriug11 if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !l!l-101
Views L>ric1y atulccl, 011r . . .. .. . . ..... ... .... . ,.. ..
7, 8
Watch 'l'owet, Quotnlions from . .................. . . .. .
. . 12, 21, 241 !W, 27 1 :ti:!, 31, :J:J, 40'17, 5!HiU, 71, 72, 751 lH

INDEX TO SCRIPTURE CITATIONS OF

VIEWS ON THE COVENANTS ETC.
Ch1tt 1 ).;i~.

l'a~t

!I: !1-11 . . ... .. . .. ......

!l; Iii
......... . .......

!I
!I

.I:!: J ::
. .......... . .... l:.l
Iii ........ . . ... . . .. .... iii
.Iii: I .. .......... . ....... 88

17 ..... .................
l7: J-1:: . . .......... .. ..
li: .J, ;, ... ........... ...
17: l.i, Iii ...............
17: 1:1, lti ..... . .........
1i: l i ..................
:!I:" ........... , .. .. ...
:!:.l: 1-i ls .......... .. ....

li7
l:.l
!10

8ll
!Ill
!l_.
I~

lti
..,. 1:;.1\ .... . .......... 8!>
:!:.l: Iii Is .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. 1 :!
:!:l .............. . ... .. .
:!:i: I ................ ....
:!:i: l i ............ .... ..
:.!!; : <i, ; ........... ....
!!ii: ; , :!ti ................

:!4: :! . ................. . .

(j

:!I: ;;.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !I
:!I: :11< . . ...;s
:!I: =I 1l ................. ti!I
:!I:!;.!'\, ....... .. . . .. . ' '

:!I : :1-s ... .. ...... , .... . ~.i

:!-l: 18 . . . .......... . .... tl:I
:!.f: ~

..... . ... .. ........ . ~.;

:!ll: I ....... , .. .. ... IHi

:!II: l ................... ii
::!li: J .. . 8:i
:!IJ: -II .......... . ....... lili

33: a1 ............. . .. . . s;;

Ill: Ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ul:i
HJ: Ii ................ . . l:ili
l.1vitil'llS.

!I:!

s ......................
s .. . ...................

!H
H:J
!l:J

S:
!I:
H:
Iii

Hl

l;xrnlus.

ii
lj;j

:Ill ... ......... . .. . .. lii

I

................. , . lli

I :! I ........... .. .... SU
........... .. . ........ /Iii

I:! ............. .. ...... . !ICI

Iii ........ ...... ....... . !Iii

!Ii : :!II:!:! .............. . . JIJll

Iii: :!!1-:11 . . . . .. . . .. . .. .. XII

l!I: l. 111-lli . . . . . . . . .... . llti

:'\11111l11rs.
II::! ................... Iii
J!I: !I, 1::. :!O, :!I ......... Gl

l!l: l ... . ..... .... .... . . . m;

w: :n1 ....... . .... . .... .

!I
l!I; 7-:!;j . . ........ . ..... . Iii
:!O: JS .............. . .. .. -Ii
:!O: IX -:!O ... ... . .... .... til
:!I ..................... . tii
:!-I : 1-8 ... .... .. ..... ... . tiS
:!l: 118 ......... .. ..... . Sti

ll:J

I
I

lh11ltru11u11l\'.
!I ...... .' .. ...... .. . fi-1
I:( ....... , .......... JU

.;

1-i ' .. ' .' .... .... . <H

114
5:

l::\DEX TO SCilIPTUilE CITATIONS.

J..j

Ii: I, t) ;
2U: lll I !I

..

I C'h ru111<I.'
1: :i:.! . . . . . . . .
1: :!:! . .
.J ult.
!I: :I:!, :1:1

. ..... . . ...

ti~

)l.

Ii I

:!:!: :!II
!.!:.!: :!O
,. :!ti

Ill
!):~

!1 I

.. . . .. ........ 1.-..

l's:ih11 s.
7~: ij.j . . . . . . . . .. . ... ..

Iii

Hl(J: :.?:I .. . ..... . ........

II I

llll: :1

. ........ .. . . .. '"

J ... ai:th.

:!.;; li!I ......... . . . . . . . . Iii

53: (j . . . . . . .. 11111

l!I, :.!II

:i2

..

...

,Jul111 ,
I: II
...
I: Ii
. . ...
l: Ii
I: Ji . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J: :!II
I :' :!!I ..... .... . . ......
1 : :rn
.): :!~, :!!I . .. . ..

Ill: 14-li ................ Iii

:IJ: 2;.:11 .......... .. .... Hi
31: :!7:JJ , ........ . . . . . . l!I

Daniel.
U: 2i . ... . . ... , . , ...... :! I

Trosen.
13: H

......... ....... . !I::!

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J li

J\la llht\1.
6: 2-1.:14 . . . . . . . . . . .... 1:1
i: IG-:W . .. . . ...... . .. .. ::i
i: 21 . . . . . . . . ... ...... 1::
1:!: :ca .................. :1-1
J" :::; ................. :\-1
l!i: Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :lI
:!li: :!~ ...... . ....... ... :10
:!Ii: :!X

................ ~!!

:.!U: :!::! .. . ............... GO

Luk e.
14: :.!i, a:l ............... 13
16: lU , ..... , .. . 2:.l

fl!j
~I

Iii
11111
!t.'i

f;: :;:; ..... .. ... ...... :,2

lil

II: fi . . .. . .. . ..... 411

l:i: lti
. . . . . liCi
10: :!:J .....
Ill

.\ds.
:!: lI ..... ..... . ....... Iii\
:i: :!:J ........ . ...... . Ci:.!
:~ : :!I ,
:!O: :!I

7.r1l111ria11.

l :J: l

li!i

!!:!
Iii

H: :c:. lfl, Ii .. .
Ii: J.j . . . ... .... ... . .. I~
ti: ....
..... .... .. . ..... !ii

i: Ill

.JcrC'miali.

1!1
i:I
li'i

:!.;, :!1; ........ ...

H~

au

llu 111:111s.
I

S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ill

..

'" i ... . ..... . ....... 1:1

:i

Ill . . . . . . . . . . :1:!
I !I . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ill

:i
:i

:!:I
:!:J

..:I
:i:
I
.j.

"
:j

;)
;j

l!l

. . . . ... .... .. . . . .

:~:;

:I:!
:Ii

,..

... >l.

Ii, i
Ii. ;

..... , ..... .. ..... 7$

.......... , ...... 7H

Iii ................. .
Ii . . . ...... , ........
I ........... .......
J. :.! . ...
ti ........ .. .

.'\I{

!Ill
i'!I

;:1

:12

INOEX TO RCTllP'l'lllrn crTNrrni'\R.

115

!;: ( j

:is

!;:

:I:!

l i:ilal ians.
:1: J;j
..

SU

:I: Ii

:1: Is

/{

..

."j: S lll

:'i: X, I''

..

l !l

!i : !I

..

:1: ! fl
fi: lo
!1: Ill
r,: II
!';: I:!
!;: I:!
n: I"

r;:

:1;

..

--

1.; :!I
Ii<, f!I

j I

5: 1\1

:ii

:I:

rn

:i~

:1: !!O

12

:18

:!: 2!1
:I: :!II
I: 22!!;

:Ill

. . ..

..

:I'.!
as
27

7:J

.. .

..

:11;

Ii, Ill, ~tJ

H: J7, Ill, :!U
(I;

38
:Ji
1:1

..
'"

!l : !I
10: 4

Iii
SS

22

JO: fl
11: 7, J7.

!I
!!:1.~;

65

..

5: 7
Ii: 81 I

.. ;1;

..

!ICi

:11!

:is

..

I I: !!fi

15:

:,?.;.~s

HX

..
..

..

JI Cori1tlhia1tl'.
(j
. . .. . . . . . ... .....

:I
:i

II, 1:1

5
5

(i(i

:!II

U: !I
9: 2i

. .. . . .. . . .. .. .
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .

. ... .. . . . .. . ...
. . ...... ... .. ..
lH!W
l!l . .. ... . ... .. . .. . .. .
IH, J!l

..

I; 21. :.,?:;
I: !!Ii
of:

.,_,

u: 8,

..

!I

L\\
!Jl

Ki
!JU
!10
13

..

l~phcsi1111s.

I:

till

"

I: I
I: I
l: 'i
I: T
:!: J , l
i:!: l, 4
2: J ..j

..
..

..

..

la

:18
:ill
;j~

..

2: J .!j
2: 11 I (j
2: 12

:12
3i
!il
;i;

:18

35
38

2: rn

I Coriuthia11~.
,,_
1: ~1. 21<
3: !i

U: Ill
Ii: 11

14

..

:1~

21
;17

ti: l I
ti: 17

7: fl
I!: Ii
8: l!l , :!I

II
IL
Iii

:rn

..

..

2: ia, 111
~: 18

38
38
40

l!)

30

...

4: 111:.I
!):

x ..

:);

..

..

..

36
38

Phllippiaus.

..

l!I

2: 12

ll!J

:J: l I

2!1

Colossia11s.
1-1 . . . . .. . . . .. .. .
!il
]
21 ...... . ... ..... 32

:!:I

:m

1
l

!:!l

:l!l

!!O

I
2

'.!I
i:!l,

81

14

1:I

..

(j(j

..
..
.
.. .. . . . ... ... . ..

. . .. .

. ...............
... .... ... . . .. . ...

~~

:~a

.. . .. . .. . .. . !18
311

22

116
~:

a:
a:
l

INDEX TO SCUIPT'URE ClTATIO~S.

..

11

..S

till

:111
38

!l-!I
(j.{)

1:1: 10
8: 10 t:!

Thr~~11lu11ia11~.

5: :.!l

:Iii

..

1:1
0: 13. lI
(i; :!O
"i
7: 1!1:!:!
7: :ll:!>i
.,.
i:
'i: :!I
,,I :
8: 113
(j:

_.,
_,

S: ii
8: 6
8; G

.SI
1:1
.J\j

...

l:J

..

..

..

..

!?(f~X

Ill: l

Ill:

tlli

10: Hi
((I: 111
10: 2H

1:1

10: :!H, :!H

\(): :!~, ~!)

(i(j

10:
10:
10:
10:

HS
(l.j

lO
x!l
!Ill
tifj

1111

((I:

28, :!fl

28. 2!1
2!I
:!f1.:11
ill

111; :11
I:!: IS:!.i
I'" 1s.2.;
I:!: !?~

...

Cil

21

l '' t!.J
~.

:.:1

/!)
.,_
_,

Hi
Cil

..

6!l

.,..
re-

!iH

..

s.;
4:!

.
..

(I.~

U!l

.s:1

r;.1

no

.. ..

:!:I
!j 1

..

.. ..

..
..

.,.

:.?:!-~.~

K''
1:s
IS
:!ll
:j.j

1111
:!O

j(j

HI
S!>

.. ..

.. ..

..

!I:

l!l-!?-1

lili
(itj

..

j !I

II:!

Sl

..

J;j

l!I, 211
1!12-l

!H

..

..
..
..
..

I.I

!Ii
!IS

:1~

:.:s

..

H, I:;
1:;

10: 1
10: !)
!fl: 10
Ill: 1(1, 1:!
IO: 14, :.!H
10: 12.Js
10: 12.22
Ill: l..t
l(l: J.I

:u;

..

14

!I:
!I:
!I:
!I:

II

lti

H: Hi, Ii
!I: !Ci, IT

li!l

..

IICIJl'C\\'8.

2: H
:l: 1
a: ;;. Ii
k 1-1. 1.;
5: 110

II

..

..

TT Ti111ofh.1.
..
2: I:!

2: !I
2: !I

ti:!

..

(i: },j

Titus.
:S: :1
:I: ;J

!I:
!I:
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