Rumus Antoine
Rumus Antoine
Rumus Antoine
between vapor pressure and temperature for pure components. The Antoine
equation is derived from the Clausius-Clapeyron relation.
The equation
where p is the vapor pressure, T is temperature and A, B and C are componentspecific constants.
The simplified form with C set to zero:
is named the August equation, after the German physicist Ernst Ferdinand August
(17951870). The August equation describes a linear relation between the logarithm
of the pressure and the reciprocal temperature. This assumes a temperatureindependent heat of vaporization. The Antoine equation allows an improved, but still
inexact description of the change of the heat of vaporization with the temperature.
The Antoine equation can also be transformed in a temperature-explicit form with
simple algebraic manipulations:
[edit]Validity range
Usually, the Antoine equation cannot be used to describe the entire saturated
vapour pressure curve from the triple point to the critical point, because it is not
flexible enough. Therefore, multiple parameter sets for a single component are
commonly used. A low-pressure parameter set is used to describe the vapour
pressure curve up to the normal boiling point and the second set of parameters is
used for the range from the normal boiling point to the critical point.
Example calculation
The normal boiling point of ethanol is TB = 78.32 C.
This example shows a severe problem caused by using two different sets of
coefficients. The described vapor pressure is not continuousat the normal boiling
point the two sets give different results. This causes severe problems for
computational techniques which rely on a continuous vapor pressure curve.
Two solutions are possible: The first approach uses a single Antoine parameter set
over a larger temperature range and accepts the increased deviation between
calculated and real vapor pressures. A variant of this single set approach is using a
special parameter set fitted for the examined temperature range. The second
solution is switching to another vapor pressure equation with more than three
parameters. Commonly used are simple extensions of the Antoine equation (see
below) and the equations of DIPPR or Wagner.[2]
[edit]Units
The coefficients of Antoine's equation are normally given in mmHgeven today
where the SI is recommended and pascals are preferred. The usage of the pre-SI
units has only historic reasons and originates directly from Antoine's original
publication.
It is however easy to convert the parameters to different pressure and temperature
units. For switching from degrees Celsius to kelvin it is sufficient to subtract 273.15
from the C parameter. For switching from millimeters of mercury to pascals it is
sufficient to add the common logarithm of the factor between both units to the A
parameter:
8.20417
C
1642.89
230.300
10.32907
C
1642.89
-42.85
23.7836
C
3782.89
-42.85
becomes
(The small differences in the results are only caused by the used limited precision of
the coefficients).
[edit]Extension of the Antoine equations
To overcome the limits of the Antoine equation some simple extension by additional
terms are used:
The additional parameters increase the flexibility of the equation and allow the
description of the entire vapor pressure curve. The extended equation forms can be
reduced to the original form by setting the additional parameters D, E and F to 0.
A further difference is that the extended equations use the e as base for the
exponential function and the natural logarithm. This doesn't affect the equation
form.
See also the Wagner Equation[3]
[edit]Sources for Antoine equation parameters
Yaws C. L., Yang H.-C., "To Estimate Vapor Pressure Easily. Antoine Coefficients
Relate Vapor Pressure to Temperature for Almost 700 Major Organic Compounds",
Hydrocarbon Processing, 68(10), Pages 6568, 1989
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_equation (161012 5.38 pm)
Persamaan Antoine [1] adalah persamaan tekanan uap dan menggambarkan
hubungan antara tekanan uap dan suhu untuk komponen murni. Persamaan Antoine
berasal dari hubungan Clausius-Clapeyron.
Persamaan
(Perbedaan kecil dalam hasil hanya disebabkan oleh presisi terbatas digunakan
koefisien).
[Sunting] Perpanjangan persamaan Antoine
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/21922/1/Appendix.pdf (161012
6.07 pm)
http://id.scribd.com/doc/87928730/KONVERSI-tek-naik-30#download (161012 6.18
pm)