John Jay Magazine

EDUCAT I N G F O R J U S T I C E SPRING 2010

SUICIDE BOMBERS

TERRORISM
CALL-INS AL QAEDA
FAVELAS RACIAL RECONCILIATION
TORTURE GANG
MILICIAS VIOLENCE
REENTRY THROUGH THE ARTS
CRISIS INTERVENTION

SACRED VALUES
OPEN-AIR DRUG MARKETS
SUBVERSIVE LEARNING
John Jay College
T h e C i T y U n i v e r s i T y o f n e w y o r k

of Criminal Justice
 John Jay John Jay College PRESIDENT
T H E C I T Y U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W Y O R K

Magazine of Criminal Justice

Jeremy travis

E D U C A T I N G F O R JUSTICE

Dear Friends:

CONTENTS As we complete the 2009 – 2010 academic year, we can proudly say that the changes at John Jay are simply breathtaking.
What’s more, we are continuing to garner more public and private recognition for our scholarship and our ability to shape practice.
1 President’s Letter
This past year alone, our faculty scholars received more than $10 million in grants from a broad array of agencies, including
the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Education, the National Science
Foundation, the National Institute of Justice and the Bureau of Justice Assistance.
Multifaceted
2 Phenomenon Such recognition is due in large part to the revitalization of the College. Highlights of these accomplishments include:
TERRORISM—
Like the John Jay Improving Student Success
Researchers Five years ago, John Jay’s entering freshman class consisted of 1,182 baccalaureate students. This fall we enrolled 1,657
Studying It— baccalaureate freshmen, a 40 percent increase. Based on this success, the College has officially closed associate degree
Has Many Faces programs and will seek senior college designation next fall. Simultaneously, working with the six CUNY community colleges,
John Jay has created joint degree programs in criminal justice, forensic science and forensic financial analysis. These educational
partnerships, collectively called the CUNY Justice Academy, will enable us to expand access to criminal justice programs across
For Reducing Violence, the university.
5 It Takes a NETWORK Reinvigorating Faculty
This fall the College welcomed 36 new full-time faculty members. With their arrival John Jay reached another milestone — since
2004, our ranks of full-time faculty have grown from 335 to 449, a 33 percent increase. Fully 50 percent of the College’s full-time
CRIMINAL JUSTICE faculty have been hired over the past five years. These new faculty come from premier doctoral programs around the world,
8 & THE THEATER committed to excellence in scholarship and teaching, and eager to join the John Jay community. They are a critical building block
At John Jay, A Perfect Fit of a revitalized John Jay College.

Retooling Core Academic Programs

John Jay has added liberal arts majors in English, Economics, Gender Studies and Global History, with Philosophy, Law and
President RIO’S FAVELAS Society, American Studies, Anthropology, Latin American and Latina/o Studies and Sociology in the pipeline. These new majors
Jeremy Travis 11 Field Notes of a are receiving positive reviews from academic colleagues around the country and will
Vice President Fulbright Scholar distinguish the John Jay undergraduate education in the coming decades. The College is also
for Marketing and Development
expanding options at the graduate level with two new master’s programs — one in Forensic
Vivien Hoexter
Mental Health Counseling and another in International Crime and Justice and certificates in
Executive Director of Communications
Forensic Psychology and Forensic Accounting. In addition, this fall, the College launched its
& Editor
Christine Godek 26 ALUMNI WORTH NOTING first online degree program — the MPA-Inspector General Program.

Senior Writer In the next few months, we will complete work on our Master Plan titled “John Jay @ 50,”
Jennifer Nislow which will address questions surrounding the core issue of how John Jay when celebrating
Contributing Writers
Peter Dodenhoff
28 ALUMNI CLASS NOTES its 50th birthday in 2014 will be different, while remaining true to its mission of “educating
for justice.”
Marie Rosen
At this moment in our history, we particularly appreciate the encouragement we receive from
Photography Coordinator
our alumni, friends and supporters. And, with the wealth of exciting developments and
Doreen Viñas Pineda
accomplishments we are now witnessing, there has never been a better time to be part of
Alumni Contributor the John Jay community.
Sharice Conway

Production Coordinator
Kathy Willis John Jay Magazine is a publication
of Marketing and Development,
Designer
published twice a year and distributed
JRenacia
free to alumni and friends of
John Jay College of Criminal Justice. 8 NEW YORK, NY 10019 T. 2 1 2 . 2 3 7 . 8 6 0 0 F. 2 1 2 . 2 3 7 . 8 6 0 7 J T R A V I S @ J J A Y. C U N Y. E D U

8 9 9 T E N T H AV E N U E NEW YORK, NY 10019 T. 2 1 2 . 2 3 7 . 8 6 0 0 F. 2 1 2 . 2 3 7 . 8 6 0 7 J T R A V I S @ J J A Y. C U N Y. E D U

 Transfiguration by GN Miller
M U L T I F A C E T E D P H E N O M E N O N World Trade Center, NYC after
terrorist attack

TERRORISM—
LIKE THE JOHN JAY RESEARCHERS STUDYING IT—HAS MANY FACES
By Jennifer Nislow

The most deeply

Scott Atran, a Presidential Scholar in Atran became interested in the
Sociology and research fellow at the Center
who developed the hypothesis, these intrinsic
possibility that these conflicts were held values
beliefs form the moral frame by which a not being resolved because
World Trade Center survivors society functions. It is because of this negotiators were making the mistake we have about
significance that they may hold a key to
Terrorist crimes committed in the United States and abroad are perpetrated by many resolving seemingly intractable disputes in of attaching material wealth to what
different actors with diverse ethnicities, nationalities, religions and motivations. They the Middle East. both sides viewed as their people’s our
range from right-wing extremists to Islamic jihadists to separatists, among others. “sacred values.”
relationships
The multifaceted nature of the problem has “You give something and I give something in
long caught the attention of researchers at John Jay. return — quid pro quo,” said Atran. “In the
standard negotiation, you leave the value with other
Prior to September 11, 2001, the College program in the study of terrorism that draws questions for last….I find that that doesn’t
Terrorism was one of a handful of institutions in the students from all over the world, a Friday seem to work. So the idea was to try to human beings,
United States addressing the question of Seminar Series that examines a different systematically explore this in the world’s
is not a field, what compelled individuals to commit aspect of terrorism each week, and research conflict zones, especially Palestine and Israel,
terrorist acts. John Jay in the intervening fellowships to scholars investigating its which is the world’s symbolic knot at this particularly in
it’s not years has become a home for scholars various elements. particular moment in world history.”

a discipline. whose work examines the subject through

According to Professor Charles B. Strozier, In 2007, Atran and his colleagues began our own society,
the lenses of sociology, law enforcement, interviewing government and political leaders
psychology and history, and a research hub the Center’s director, “Terrorism is not a field,
in the Middle East, pushing them to see how
for the investigation of the phenomenon it’s not a discipline. It’s a problem in the
far they would go in negotiations and
can be called
through its Center on Terrorism. world.”
listening to their reasons for accepting or not
The Center, created in the wake of the
attacks, serves as an extension of John Jay’s
Sociology
The most deeply held values we have about
accepting a deal. Many of their subjects, he
noted, had surprisingly personal reasons for our “sacred
our relationships with other human beings, saying “no.”
It’s a problem mission by making the knowledge it gathers
particularly in our own society, can be called

in the world.
serve a useful public purpose. To that end, it
offers an interdisciplinary MA certificate our “sacred values.” According to Professor
Professor Scott Atran
values.”

2 3
 Call-in in High Point, NC

FOR REDUCING VIOLENCE, IT TAKES A

The façade of the

destroyed Murrah Federal Building
in Oklahoma City
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad,
for instance, said he rejected Israel’s
offer to “swap on the Golan.”
anti-Semitism. Israel has its statement that
says Palestine was a land of no people for a
people with no land — “both complete
nonsense,” said Atran.
NETW RK By Marie Rosen
“His response was basically
Though each side has told him that they do At first glance, the news is good.
‘When I was a kid, my dad took me not believe these assertions, they have still
to barbecue on the shores of been unwilling to relinquish them.
The FBI is reporting that murder declined
FAR-RIGHTISTS
Lake Tiberius and I want to do that
“We’ve been negotiating two years to get 10 percent nationwide during the first half of 2009.
HAVE SINCE 1990 again.’ I thought, ‘That’s not the usual them to make these no-cost moves,” Atran But, despite the fact that crime in the United States is declining,
thing you hear in negotiations.’” said. “The only people who can do it are there remain all too many neighborhoods where violence is a way of life,
people like [Nelson] Mandela or [Anwar] where residents live in constant fear and intimidation, where open-air drug markets flourish,
COMMITTED OVER Atran has been experimenting with
Sadat, who have the power and are great
reinterpretations and reframings that would
enough so that their people won’t believe where illegally obtained guns are prevalent, and where gangs dominate the landscape.
allow actual breakthroughs.
250 HOMICIDES — they’re selling out.” While much of the focus
In these areas, violence breeds violence,
on terrorism has been on the Middle East,
To stop this cycle of violence, the Center it is
What holds the most promise is with young men of color usually being established the National Network for Safe
INCLUDING THE if both sides first recognize each
the United States has its own brand of
both victims and offenders. A typical Communities to promulgate the crime
unconscionable
dangerous extremists. According to
other’s “sacred values,” and then Professor Joshua Freilich, a member of the
police response has been to send in lots of reduction strategies that Kennedy developed, that “one in 200
BOMBING OF THE cops, stop just about everyone, and make which have demonstrated significant results young black men
make a gesture by giving up one Department of Criminal Justice and deputy
many arrests. The result is that crime goes in violence reduction — strategies that have
of their own, explained Atran. director of the criminal justice doctoral
down temporarily and resumes shortly after saved countless lives and improved the
in the most
ALFRED P. MURRAH program, far-rightists have since 1990
For example, Article 32 of Hamas’ charter committed over 250 homicides — including
the police presence is gone. Another result is relationship between communities of color dangerous
that citizen complaints against police go up and their law enforcement agencies. These communities is
states that Israel’s plans for the Palestinians the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah building
BUILDING IN are well described in the Protocols of the in Oklahoma City — that have killed 520
and the relationship between the police and strategies target gang violence and open-air
murdered
the minority community takes a hit. For John drug markets and are being used
Elders of Zion. A forged text, first published people. Of those victims, 28 were law
Jay Professor David Kennedy, director of the successfully in 75 jurisdictions across the each year,
OKLAHOMA CITY — in Russia in 1903, the Protocols of the Elders enforcement agents who were killed in the
Center for Crime Prevention and Control, it is
of Zion purports to describe an international line of duty.
country. According to Kennedy, who is that one in three
unconscionable that “one in 200 young black co-chair of the Network, the strategies have
THAT HAVE Jewish conspiracy set on global domination
With more than $500,000 in funding from the men in the most dangerous communities is some variance in the places using them, but
black men will go
and the enslavement of non-Jews. Although
it has been debunked countless times, Department of Homeland Security and grants murdered each year, that one in three black all the projects have three fundamental to prison in their
KILLED 520 PEOPLE. the text is still used as a justification for from START, a consortium of scholars men will go to prison in their lifetime.” components: law enforcement, community lifetime.”
participation and focused social services.
continued on page 15

4 5
 Bernard K. Melekian, Current National
Director, Office of
Community Oriented
For John Jay President Jeremy Travis, co-chair of the Network, “these
strategies, Network Jurisdictions
Policing Services,
President Jeremy Travis,
developed over the past 15 years, will reduce the level 1. Baltimore, MD
Professor David Kennedy of violence, reduce drug markets, reduce incarceration, 2. Boston, MA
start the process of racial reconciliation between police 3. California
and minority communities” and lead “to a change in 4. Canton, OH
the direction, a new standard of practice, for crime policy 5. Chicago, IL
in America.” 6. Cincinnati, OH
7. Cleveland, OH
The Network, which currently comprises 45 Becoming a Believer 8. Columbus, OH
jurisdictions, is designed to be a community 9. Concord, NC
Although the process sounds simple, it
of practice where these strategies can be
requires intensive coordination among 10. Dallas, TX
disseminated to those using them and those
numerous players in law enforcement, 11. Dayton, OH
who are considering them. For John Jay
community stakeholders, social services and 12. Durham, NC
President Jeremy Travis, co-chair of the
academia. As Ted Heinrich, the assistant
Network, “these strategies, developed over 13. East Palo Alto, CA
United States attorney for Boston noted, the
the past 15 years, will reduce the level of 14. Graham, NC
The Work to the offenders, like mothers, strategies are “partnership rich.” These
violence, reduce drug markets, reduce
children, neighbors, pastors are also groups often have different agendas and 15. Greensboro, NC
all the For the drug market strategy, all dealers are incarceration, start the process of racial
resources. In California, which has had more 16. Greenville, NC
identified, criminal investigations are brought together. In both strategies, reconciliation between police and minority
than 16,000 gang-related homicides since
projects have conducted and drug cases are made against offenders receive a notice to communities” and lead “to a change in the 17. Hempstead, NY
1981, the strategies are being employed in
each. Violent offenders are arrested. For the direction, a new standard of practice, for 18. High Point, NC
appear at a call-in, the heart and seven cities. Paul Seave, director of the
three others, the cases are “banked” — held in crime policy in America.”
Governor’s Office of Gang and Youth Violence 19. Hillsborough, NC
suspension. Offenders are told that if they soul of the strategy. As important
Bernard Melekian, the recently appointed Policy in Sacramento, CA, told the audience, 20. Lancaster, PA
fundamental sell drugs again, the “banked” case will be as the message, is the manner in “You’re asking everyone to do business
used and they will be arrested right away. director of the Office of Community Oriented 21. Long Beach, CA
which it is delivered. Policing Services of the U.S Department of differently. Bureaucracies that are used to
components: Kennedy notes, “Drug dealers usually deal all 22. Los Angeles, CA
At the call-in, law enforcement officials tell the Justice, was the keynote speaker and had doing things in certain ways have to change
day long and they may or may not be 23. Mesa, AZ
offenders what awaits them if their criminal used these strategies while police chief in to some degree in order to work with people
arrested. This lets the dealer know that there 24. Middletown, OH
they haven’t worked with before.” Another
law is a certainty that they will be prosecuted behavior doesn’t stop. Also in attendance are Pasadena, CA. He told the participants
essential ingredient is that it takes a 25. Milwaukee, WI
immediately without new evidence, without a community members, who provide the moral “tension between police and
enforcement, new criminal investigation.” In the gang voice that is so critical to the strategies. communities of color are at a
commitment from all the parties to focus on
the common goal of violence reduction and
26. Mineola, NY
strategy, the gangs in the city are identified. They let the offenders know how the violence 27. Mount Vernon, NY
dangerously unacceptable level… not get sidetracked by other concerns.
Members who are on probation or parole are and drug dealing damages the community, 28. North Carolina
the death of a young man,
community given the message that if anybody in their but also that the community wants them to
succeed. Offenders are given privileged particularly a young man of color,
29. Oakland, CA
gang kills someone, the criminal justice
30. Ocala, FL
participation system will come down hard on everyone in access to special social services, which have at the hands of the police will
31. Omaha, NE
the gang for any and all crimes being been prearranged.
generate dramatic and emotional
committed. 32. Peoria, IL
Last December, the Network convened its community response regardless of
and Both strategies require a concerted first annual conference that for two days the specific facts. But very often, the
33. Pittsburgh, PA
brought together more than 300 people from 34. Providence, RI
focused effort on the part of numerous law 24 states and 5 foreign countries. Police, deaths of a dozen young men at the 35. Richmond, VA
enforcement agencies — police, prosecutors, federal officials, youth workers, hands of other young men produce
social probation officers, prosecutors, pastors, correction officers, social service nothing but an ominous silence,
36. Rockford, IL
37. Sacramento, CA
providers, academics and community
services. federal agents from DEA and other
activists shared information about these
which hangs over the community like 38. Salisbury, NC
agencies. Members of the groundbreaking strategies that reduce violent a blanket. All those deaths are 39. Seattle, WA
community who mean something crime and improve police/minority relations. significant and they must stop.” 40. Shelby, NC
And in the jurisdictions where Police Chief James Fealy of High Point, NC 41. Snow Hill, MD
At the call-in, law enforcement officials tell the offenders these methods are used, 42. Stockton, CA
what awaits them if their criminal behavior doesn’t stop. violence significantly declined For both Melekian and Police Chief James 43. White Plains, NY
Also in attendance are community members, who provide and race relations have Fealy of High Point, NC, talking to gang 44. Winston-Salem, NC
improved. members and “banking” cases for drug 45. Yonkers, NY
the moral voice that is so critical to the strategies. dealers can initially leave some with
continued on page 23

6 7
 Criminal
Justice
& The Theater At John Jay, A Perfect Fit
By Peter Dodenhoff

the student The notion of combining criminal

justice themes and drama is as old
theatrical
as the ancient Greeks and as new as
club at the latest “ripped from the headlines” Lt. Schrank & Jets in the 2007 production of West Side Story

John Jay episode of Law & Order. At John Jay, false confessions and problematic
youth-gang spectacle West Side Story, in an police commissioner, all of the
criminal justice and the theater have eyewitness evidence; considered the nuances
is one the of revenge killings and justifiable homicide,
authorized 50th-anniversary production. In brass, and on the stage were all the
enjoyed a happy, fruitful partnership 2008, Tarantino’s colleague Professor
oldest that is as old as the College itself.
and gotten riveting behind-the-scenes looks
at jury deliberations and military justice.
Lorraine Moller directed the taut military cops who had been taking the
court-martial drama A Few Good (wo)Men. course.” Jerry Tallmer, the
continuously Over the years, that partnership has played
Equally impressive, these themes represent
Rashomon, the quintessential tale of influential theater critic,
the creative output of an A-list of theatrical
out in a variety of ways: in staged eyewitness evidence gone awry, has been
active campus productions from classical as well as
talent: Leonard Bernstein and Stephen
produced twice at John Jay, as has
reviewed the production for
Sondheim; Aristophanes and Aeschylus; The New York Post, calling it
organizations. contemporary repertory; in course Arthur Miller and Aaron Sorkin; Brendan
The Crucible, Arthur Miller’s poignant allegory
of 1950s anti-Communist fervor, set in the “extraordinary in the history of
curriculums and classroom teaching; and in Behan and David Guare, to name but a few.
outreach to criminal justice agencies and context of the Salem witch trials more than Western civilization, not to
institutions, to name just a few applications. Putting John Jay on the Map two centuries earlier. mention Eastern civilization.”
Two John Jay alumni have built a long and
John Jay’s Gerald W. Lynch Theater, which These diverse and powerful plays represent That production, along with the following
successful career for themselves in public-
opened in 1988, has provided a just a sampling of the many criminal year’s staging of Aristophanes’ The Birds,
and private-sector training based on
professional-quality venue for a wide range of justice-relevant works that have been would later be cited in the Encyclopedia
theatrical techniques they first learned at the
productions, and recent shows bear witness produced under John Jay’s auspices, in a Americana as major events in police
College. And, in one telling bit of testimony,
to the continuing influence of criminal justice dramatic arc that can be traced to the education, Termine noted.
the student theatrical club at John Jay is one
themes. In the spring of 2009, Professor College’s very beginning. (See p.10.) In fact,
of the oldest continuously active campus
Dana Tarantino of the Department of theatrical efforts were instrumental in first Detective Story, in 1968, continued the
organizations.
Communication and Theatre Arts directed the putting John Jay on the map. College’s string of successful productions,
The variety of criminal justice themes that daring play The Last Days of Judas Iscariot, a and earned John Jay front-page coverage in
have been dramatized at John Jay is nothing courtroom thriller about an imagined trial As Ben Termine, a charter member of the the theater section of The New York Times.
short of staggering. Audiences have seen involving the Bible’s most notorious sinner. faculty and former chairman of the speech Termine recalled how rehearsals were not
corruption, drug abuse and gangs; explored Two years earlier, Tarantino staged the and theater department, recalled in a recent often easy for his cast of police student
interview: actors. As the show’s opening night
“The vehicle chosen for John Jay’s approached, one rehearsal was abruptly cut
Audiences have seen corruption, drug abuse and gangs; short when the cast members were deployed
maiden theatrical effort in 1966 was
explored false confessions and problematic eyewitness evidence; considered ‘nothing simple,’— Franz Kafka’s The
to break up a student demonstration on the
Columbia University campus. The show went
the nuances of revenge killings and justifiable homicide, and gotten riveting Trial…. In the audience we had the on, to laudatory reviews, and even had Police
Commissioner Michael Murphy take a turn on
behind-the-scenes looks at jury deliberations and military justice.

8 9
 As the show’s opening night approached, one rehearsal was abruptly cut short
when the cast members were deployed to break up a student demonstration
on the Columbia University campus. The show went on, to laudatory reviews, and
even had Police Commissioner Michael Murphy take a turn on stage in a walk-on part
Rio’s Favelas
as a small-time con artist and police impersonator. FIELD NOTES OF A FULBRIGHT SCHOLAR
By Jennifer Nislow

A follow-up study stage in a walk-on part as a small-time con New York Police Academy but in police
artist and police impersonator. departments throughout the area. A follow-up
of police response “All of that helped to get people to sit up and
study of police response to domestic crises
found that the new drama-based training
to domestic crises take notice of this new college,” said approach significantly reduced the number of
Termine, who retired in 1986. injuries associated with such calls.
found that the As important, however, Detective Story would Joyce St. George (BA ’74) a young civilian
prove to be the bridge to another synergy of
new drama-based criminal justice and theater: the use of drama
student at John Jay, became enthralled by
what she saw in the new training approach
training approach in police training. and in Termine’s class on family crisis
Crisis Intervention and intervention, and her fascination with it would
significantly “Subversive Learning” ultimately become a calling. “After playing
with it for a little while and seeing the light
reduced the Evidence showed at that time that more bulbs go on above the heads of participants,
people had been seriously injured or killed in I knew there was something really special
number of injuries the line of duty from intervening in a domestic about this,” she said. Along with several
dispute than from any other kind of police
associated with action. Termine, who had studied
fellow students, and mentored by Termine
and other speech and theater faculty, she
such calls. psychodrama with its originator, Jacob L. helped spin off the Police Academy’s crisis
Moreno, organized the first course in which intervention training into an independent
principles of drama were used to teach police group, the Criminal Justice Repertory
how to intervene in a family crisis. Company (CJs). “It was really just to bring
Police students from the cast of Detective some of the ideas we had at the academy
Story — Bob Burke (BA ’65), head of into school,” St. George explained. “We
programming at the Police Academy; Ed started working with professors and coming In the days following Rio de Janeiro’s successful bid last October to host the 2016
into their classes to do different things —
Powers (BS ’71) and Ethel Breslin (MA ’74) —
scenes from Detective Story, Short Eyes, Olympic Games, violence broke out among the rival drug gangs who dominate the city’s
became the vanguard of this new approach,
employing it not only in classes at the I Never Promised You a Rose Garden and slums, or favelas. The turf-war resulted in the deaths of an estimated 40 people,
continued on page 20
including three police officers who were killed when their helicopter was shot down.

CURTAIN UP! Just six months earlier, one of the To the estimated two million residents of Which are
these neighborhoods, whose daily lives are
A non-inclusive listing of justice-themed plays that have been staged at John Jay over the years. milícias — some call them criminal circumscribed by these two well-armed
The Trial Rashomon Macbeth protection rackets — that are factions, it begs the question: Which are
worse,
worse, the drug gangs or the milícias fighting
The Birds The Crucible Arabian Nights pushing the drug gangs out of the
to take their place? the drug
Detective Story 12 Angry Men (and Women) Metamorphoses shantytowns kidnapped several
The Hostage Il Furioso (Eumenides) West Side Story journalists. The reporters were
An analysis of these groups is central to the gangs or
work of Enrique Desmond Arias, an associate
Corruption in the Palace of Justice La Medea A Few Good (wo)Men beaten, made to play Russian professor in the Department of Political
Science who spent seven months in Brazil as
the milícias
Riot Act For Colored Girls Who Have The Last Days of Judas Iscariot roulette, nearly suffocated with
a 2008 Fulbright Scholar and as the recipient
Does the Tiger Wear a Necktie? Considered Suicide When
plastic bags and given electric of a grant from the American Council of
fighting to
the Rainbow Is Enuf
Landscape of the Body Learned Societies. Arias is not so much
shocks. A female captive was take their
concerned with deciding which is the lesser
And, coming in December 2010, Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. threatened with rape; all were told of two evils, but rather exploring the
they would be killed. differences between the gangs and the place?

10 11
 The milícias Professor Desmond Arias
in his classroom

are sort of like

mafias…
who push out all
of the other
criminals in the
neighborhoods.

The milícias grew and developed until the 1990s, when “Some people even say the government allowed milícias to
they changed into a protection racket, according to Arias. expand in the months before Rio hosted the [2007]
Many of these groups include the city’s poorly paid police Pan-American Games, so they would keep the drug activity
and firefighters, who moonlight as members, he noted. tamped down in certain parts of the city,” he said.
Their
reputation milícias, how each affects the communities in out of certain parts of the city, although many American Quarterly last year, Rio’s major bus milícias as legitimate groups that supplied certain factions
which they operate, and what part they play people would say they also collaborate with companies have historically balked at paramilitary strength to Rio.
is first in Rio’s political system. drug gangs. Their reputation is first clean up providing service to outlying areas. When local of the “urban
the neighborhood. If you break their rules, entrepreneurs began developing unlicensed “Some people even say the government
clean up the In his 2006 book, Drugs and Democracy in they will drive you out of the community or kill allowed milícias to expand in the months political
van services, the milícias bribed police to
Rio de Janeiro: Trafficking, Social Networks, before Rio hosted the [2007] Pan-American
neighborhood. and Public Security, Arias examined the role
you, all kinds of bad things. And everything minimize the inconvenience to van drivers.
Games, so they would keep the drug activity
spectrum,”
that happens in the community once these
If you break drug gangs play in the lives of these groups run it involves a little payment.” This, according to Arias, allowed tamped down in certain parts of the city,” he especially those
impoverished communities. He planned to said.
their rules, study them more explicitly, particularly the
the milícias to develop a strong on the right
Eventually, milícias began receiving Rio drew international attention last year when
gangs’ political aspirations, when he returned economic base that they use to
they will drive to Rio in 2008. What Arias discovered,
support from the state and city
control a great number of legal days after being awarded the 2016 Olympic who were
you out of however, was that during the intervening government who wanted a share of Games on October 2, gang warfare broke out
concerned with
and illegal activities, and dominate in an area close to the Maracana stadium
years there had been an “explosion” in the the money that these organizations
the community number of milícias.
a significant portion of Rio’s poorer where the Games opening and closing drug gangs,
produced. For every business ceremonies will be held. In the days after the
neighborhoods. They hold
or kill you... These vigilante groups first emerged in the transaction, the milícias collect a tax.
monopolies on cooking gas, state clash, police and gang members engaged in viewed milícias
city’s western zone as a counterforce to the In addition to making businesses pay firefights that sent hundreds of residents
And everything drug gangs. The milícias grew and developed lottery offices, Internet, cable and fleeing from their homes, according to a
as legitimate
for protection, the milícias also make
that happens in until the 1990s, when they changed into a other services that operate within report by the Associated Press. groups that
protection racket, according to Arias. Many residents pay fees on their
the favelas. Arias’ research focused on two favelas: One
the community of these groups include the city’s poorly paid transactions, like the buying or supplied
police and firefighters, who moonlight as Politicians, he observed, also sought the that was run by a drug gang and the other by
once these selling of a house. paramilitary
members, he noted. votes that these groups brought in from a milícia. Last year, the drug gang-run
One particularly lucrative area for them has fast-growing parts of the city. In fact, Arias community was finally successful in getting its
groups run it “The milícias are sort of like mafias…who been their control of the means of noted, certain factions of the “urban political own candidate elected to the City Council. strength to Rio.
involves a little push out all of the other criminals in the transportation for residents seeking to travel spectrum,” especially those on the right who The candidate was a local businessman, with
neighborhoods,” said Arias. “They develop a from the shantytowns to the city’s downtown. were concerned with drug gangs, viewed a long-term personal connection to the gang.
See excerpt on payment.
page 22 lot of their reputation by pushing drug gangs According to an article that Arias wrote for

12 13
 M U L T I F A C E T E D P H E N O M E N O N
That’s a
TERRORISM— personal
LIKE THE JOHN JAY RESEARCHERS STUDYING IT—HAS MANY FACES
grudge that
continued from page 4
might have led
What Freilich and his colleagues have found to an
is that in many cases, there is no “bright line” ideological
between ideological and non-ideological motivation.
cases.
A favela in Rio de Janeiro
The milícia-run community was also Police arrested one man who was studying different aspects of terrorism,
successful in electing its candidate to the City Freilich and his collaborator, Steven Cermak
believed to be the No. 2 in the
Council in 2008, a high-ranking police officer at Michigan State University, have been
with no formal ties to the organization. Four hierarchy of the local milícia. The collecting data on all violent and non-violent
years earlier, a senior member of the milícia group’s leader was also identified by crimes committed by those who espouse a
won a seat on the City Council. Subsequently, the victims, but fled before police far-right ideology. This Extremist Crime
another member of the milícia, a police Database (ECDB) holds information on
could capture him. Among the
investigator from an opposing political party, extremists who have refused to pay taxes,
was murdered. Many in the community tormentors, the reporter recognized supplied material support, or committed other
believed that the council member had been the voice of an assistant to a state crimes that did not involve force.
responsible for the investigator’s death, assemblyman whom she had met at
according to Arias. “It’s interesting to examine whether
a Batan restaurant.
there is any type of relationship
“Both groups had a distinct influence on
with the politics and secured the election of a
According to Arias’ American Quarterly article, between ideological and
with the milícia’s violence against
representative…to the City Council,” he said. non-ideological crimes,” said Freilich,
milícia’s “They actually have representatives very close
representatives of Rio’s middle class
increasing, “the political pendulum began to who is also a research fellow at the Professor Joshua Freilich
This
to the milícia and these gangs that hold public swing dramatically.” Center on Terrorism. In Northern
violence office….The question is what differences
Ireland, he noted, there is
What Freilich and his colleagues have found is information
there are in terms of the electoral practice.” On June 11, 2008, the state legislative that in many cases, there is no “bright line”
against Despite the inherent danger in asking too
assembly approved a proposed investigation anecdotal evidence that between ideological and non-ideological is very useful
into the milícia. On that same day, a ideological groups like the cases. Eric Rudolph, who was notorious for
many questions about a criminal organization,
representatives Arias initially did not fear for his safety.
milícia-linked bomb was exploded at a police
IRA have begun to morph into blowing up abortion clinics, was racist, to law
station. Nevertheless, a Committee of anti-Semitic and anti-government, he noted.
However, he became more concerned after organized crime groups since
of Rio’s the incident involving a group of journalists in
Parliamentary Inquiry (CPI) was opened and its
the ceasefire. There are also
Yet, there were allegations that when Rudolph enforcement
detailed report found that milícias dominate was a child, his stepfather died because of a
the milícia-run neighborhood of Batan. 171 neighborhoods in Rio’s metropolitan area. white supremacist groups in lack of healthcare for which Rudolph blamed in terms of
middle class On May 14, 2008, a 28-year-old Moreover, the CPI identified two state
the United States that began as the government.

female reporter for the daily

deputies and five city councilmen as members
non-ideological organizations “That’s a personal grudge that might have led prioritizing
increasing, of milícias.
to an ideological motivation,” said Freilich.
newspaper O Dia, a news
“I was studying two different neighborhoods in
and then grew into ones based resource
“the political photographer and a driver were the city that were run by different types of
on extremism. The findings have multiple practical
kidnapped. The journalists were armed groups…I wasn’t really seeking to “It’s an open question whether or not you can
implications, he observed. One example allocations,
would be the way homicides are unevenly
pendulum working undercover on an article learn about criminal activities,” said Arias. “I
was more interested in the question of how
uncover particular contexts which would make
distributed across the nation. Twelve states, areas that
about daily life in the favela. the evolution between one type and the other
politics works, how they decide who to he noted, have not had a single murder
began to swing According to a New York Times support and those kinds of things. People are
type more or less likely,” said Freilich. “Only
by having both types of crime in front of you
attributed to right-wing extremists. could be of
report, they were tortured for more always a bit more willing to talk about that.” Conversely, three states — Texas, California
dramatically.” than six hours before being released.
can you examine whether or not the
relationship exists.”
and Florida — account for 40 percent of such interest.
Jennifer Nislow is a senior writer at John Jay College crimes.
of Criminal Justice.

14 15
Instead of being able to appeal to someone’s loyalty or good The consequences and Many of the
repercussions of maritime
citizenship, explained Haberfeld, law enforcement has to buy their right-wing
terrorism would be dramatic,
cooperation with monetary incentives. according to Haberfeld. In groups in
addition to the economic
“I think it corrupts law enforcement to a certain degree,” she said. this country
misfortune that would affect
“It corrupts from the moral sense…but that’s the reality of it.” consumers as ships are forced to share an
carry more costly insurance,
USS Cole and even make headway with their there is also the chance of a
affinity with
shows the damage to
the U.S. destroyer
sympathizers — particularly when those who major disaster. right-wing
after a terrorist attack support the group are law-abiding citizens
who just have a different understanding of “They could hijack a ship that is capable of Nazis abroad,
what is right for the community. coming here with weapons of mass Professor Peter Romaniuk

Haberfeld and her colleagues, Professors

destruction,” she said.
power to impose multilateral financial
as well as a
Joseph King and Charles Lieberman, made
this finding during a research project that took
Professor Peter Romaniuk, a research fellow
at the Center and member of the Department
sanctions such as those imposed on penchant for
Saddam Hussein in the 1990s.
them to seven countries and resulted in the
book Counterterrorism within Comparative
of Political Science, is also involved in
counterterrorism research, although his
gang
“I sort of conform to the view that there is no
International Contexts. specific focus differs from that of Haberfeld. such thing as a purely domestic terrorist,” he violence.
In his recent book Multilateral said.
The type of circumstance she describes Counterterrorism: The Global Politics of
makes it virtually impossible to get the Cooperation and Contestation, Romaniuk Many of the right-wing groups in this country,
community on board with a counterterrorism focuses on the ways in which countries noted Romaniuk, share an affinity with
plan. Instead of being able to appeal to cooperate with each other to thwart terrorist right-wing Nazis abroad, as well as a penchant
someone’s loyalty or good citizenship, activities and the conditions under which for gang violence.
They could “This information is very useful to law
explained Haberfeld, law enforcement has to they do so.
buy their cooperation with monetary “Whether it is through a material connection, a
hijack a ship enforcement in terms of prioritizing resource
allocations, areas that could be of interest,”
incentives. Romaniuk also examines the financial direct connection or an ideological
that is capable said Freilich. underpinnings of terrorist activities,
connection,” a domestic terrorist is unlikely to
be “purely motivated by things within the U.S.
of coming Law Enforcement following the activities of the U.N. borders or fund his activities from resources
Security Council, which has the obtained within the U.S. borders,” he said.
here with Terrorism has two faces, contends Professor
Maria R. Haberfeld, a member of the
weapons of Department of Law, Police Science and
mass Criminal Justice Administration, and the
co-editor/co-author of three books on
destruction. counterterrorism.

“It’s context,” she said. “You talk to

people who are in law enforcement
like the [Cuerpo] Nacional de Policía
of Spain, and you’re talking about
ETA as a terrorist threat there. Professor Maria R. Haberfeld
But when you talk to community “I think it corrupts law enforcement to a
members who support the certain degree,” she said. “It corrupts from
Basque separatists, they say the moral sense…but that’s the reality of it.”
they are freedom fighters.” Haberfeld’s latest book is on maritime
terrorism, a problem that made headlines in
This contradiction makes it exceedingly Search and rescue activity
2009 when Somali pirates hijacked the at the Oklahoma City
difficult for police engaged in
U.S.-registered Maersk Alabama cargo ship. bombing site
counterterrorism to penetrate terrorist groups

16 17
Torture, he explained, is a sign of weakness, not a sign of Cohen found that vengeance played little part in their
strength. It means that a government can no longer [suicide bomber’s] thinking. More important was the fear of
persuade or dissuade others. forgetfulness and the preservation of memory....
Sneh’s “Let’s not roll over, but touch the “But anything that has to do with words and
associations between words, we don’t see.
A member of the Department of History and
a psychoanalyst, Strozier’s scholarly interest
raw materials, the core
The computer can see that.” and research has long focused on nuclear
research is issues...the core groups may not weapons and apocalyptic thinking. Since
Through this close reading of the documents
be persuaded, but the vast 2001, he has turned his attention to religion
on how to majority of those who support
and the creation of a “thematic map of the
concerns” stated by suicide bombers in their
and Christian fundamentalism.

them with money, they can be last words, Cohen found that vengeance “You really can’t begin to
approach played little part in their thinking. More
persuaded.” appreciate the enormous political
important was the fear of forgetfulness and
terrorism in Psychology the preservation of memory in the face of consequences of 9/11, the cultural
what they believe is Israel’s goal “of erasing and spiritual consequences, unless
“a policy way,” What can be learned about suicide bombers
from the last will and testaments that they
the memory of the Palestinians,” he said. you grasp how much of it was felt to
Professor Itai Sneh leave with their families? That perhaps they “Basically, what you see is exactly what the be apocalyptic,” said Strozier. Professor Charles B. Stozier
one that History are not fueled by vengeance, as is commonly Palestinian conflict is about,” said Cohen. “It’s
In a book he is writing based on interviews
believed, but rather by what Professor Shuki a war of memory...once you put it as a war of
conducted with witnesses in the days
does not Torture is a sign that a regime is Cohen calls “the imperative of memory.” memory, you suddenly see exactly what is
following the attacks, Strozier divides these
happening.” He added, “You also start to
illegitimate and about to fall, individuals into four “zones of sadness,” with
include according to Professor Itai Sneh,
understand and appreciate the committees
the first zone including survivors who saw While
on truth and reconciliation. You understand
people die. The second zone is made up of
why that has arisen as a way to end a
the use of a member of the Department of
conflict. It’s like when you are going through a
witnesses who saw the whole event happen September 11, 2001
History who is writing a book on divorce. We will live so much better if we
— as Strozier did from the West Village. The
torture. terrorism through the ages. have a compromised narrative that we both
third zone is composed of people who were was a terrible,
caught up in the confusion, on closed bridges
agree on.” tragic event,
Torture, he explained, is a sign of weakness, and in tunnels. The last group is the
not a sign of strength. It means that a While September 11, 2001 was a terrible, onlookers, who saw it on television.
government can no longer persuade or tragic event, it was not apocalyptic in the
it was not
“What I try to do is tell the story of this major
dissuade others. literal sense of that word. Yet that was how
terrorist attack from within the experience of apocalyptic in the
the public experienced it, especially those at
“It basically says, ‘We can’t win any other survivors,” he said. “I think that gives you an
way,” said Sneh. “Empires that are about to
the World Trade Center. They believed they
appreciation of what it means, in a way that literal sense of
Professor Shuki Cohen
were the victims of a nuclear attack.
crash torture the most. The Inquisition you can never have when you look at it from
tortured the most when Catholicism was
According to the Center on Terrorism’s
the outside.”
that word.
Wills have a long tradition in the Muslim Strozier, people imposed a nuclear template
losing from within, or later on, to religion, said Cohen, a member of the on the event so that when the first building Jennifer Nislow is a senior writer at John Jay College
Protestantism.” Department of Psychology and research came down, they saw mushroom clouds. of Criminal Justice. Yet that was how
fellow at the Center. By poring over the
The reason for the attacks on the
Internet, reading personal blogs and chat
the public
United States is that the country makes
an easy target for terrorists whose rage room discussions, he has been able to experienced it,
is stoked by issues in their own collect nearly 90 of them. Cohen then utilizes
countries, such as Egypt, Jordan, the methodology of content analysis to especially those at
Pakistan and Afghanistan, he explained. uncover meanings that the writer might not
Ayman al-Zawahiri, al-Qaeda’s have consciously intended. For this, he uses the World Trade
second-in- command, noted Sneh, had a computer program he developed
been a doctor. He became radicalized specifically for this purpose. Center.
after being tortured in Egypt in the wake “I look for subtle differences that we may not
of Anwar Sadat’s assassination in 1981. pick up because our brain is designed to They believed they
extract the gist of what we are saying,” said
Sneh’s research is on how to approach
Cohen, who has a background in
were the victims of
terrorism in “a policy way,” one that does not
include the use of torture, he explained. neuroscience as well as clinical psychology. Men of Stone by GW Miller a nuclear attack.

18 19
Rape Crisis Response, a training session conducted in the 1970s by the Criminal Justice Repertory Group (CJs) Bayview 1, a prison-based drama production by Professor Lorraine Moller at Bayview Correctional Facility Photo: Richard Moller

the CJs began Criminal Justice & The Theater Moller said studies by her and others have shown that prisoners engaged
to receive At John Jay, A Perfect Fit in theater activities have reduced levels of anger. “It teaches emotion
invitations to continued from page 10 management and control,” she observed.
do their several other plays. We would hold and St. George’s career path have borne out Theater has also been shown to improve discipline and behavior, promote
“structured
discussions with the classes and talk about the truth of that. St. George and Canavan empathy and coping skills, and foster a sense of community and mutual
how issues in criminal justice were reflected in went on to attend graduate school at New
the plays.” York University, studying learning theory,
responsibility.
improvisations”
educational theater and related subjects.
As so often happens, one thing led to another. “Prisoners are
— a term Word spread, and the CJs began to receive
Their respective master’s degrees served as Reentry through the Arts empathy and coping skills; and foster a sense
the foundation for what would become PACT of community and mutual responsibility.
St. George invitations to do their “structured Professor Moller has seen the truth of role-deprived,”
Training [www.pacttraining.com], their wildly
improvisations” — a term St. George coined Canavan and St. George’s assessment most “Going one step further,” Moller said, “it gives
coined — inventive and wholly original training firm, the
vividly through her theater work with disadvantaged people cultural capital, a
said Moller.
— for police, corrections, probation and essence of which is the structured
parole agencies. Through the CJs, she incarcerated women at the medium-security feeling that one owns a piece of what “Drama-based
for police, also met (and later married) cast mate
improvisation.
Bayview Correctional Facility in Manhattan, ‘educated’ people have.” Providing access to
and with male inmates at Sing Sing Prison. this kind of cultural wealth can enhance one’s
activities allow
corrections, Frank Canavan (BS ’78), who brought the “It’s learning by osmosis — subversive
perspective of a private security industry learning,” St. George observed. “With these “Prisoners are role-deprived,” said Moller. self-esteem, she observed. prisoners to
probation and veteran and saw that the training approach training exercises we help to redirect people “Drama-based activities allow prisoners to
resume rehearsing
resume rehearsing and playing real-life roles in Another member of the Department,
could be applied to a much wider audience toward other choices that they have, so they
parole agencies. than just criminal justice professionals. can choose different paths.” This process of fictive settings, which has a resocializing Professor Greg Donaldson, who has worked and playing
effect, and allows the actor to observe the with Moller in Bayview productions, needs no
“There’s an incredibly wide application of this self-discovery, Canavan added, is part of the real-life roles in
consequences of behavior.” Moller’s Bayview convincing as to the power of theater as an
learning technique,” Canavan said, and his essence of adult learning.
production of Metamorphoses, using a cast of educational tool. “There’s nothing quite like fictive settings,
inmates and John Jay actors, won an award theater work in prison,” he said. “You can’t
imagine what it’s like to work with 25 women which has a
“It’s learning by osmosis — subversive learning,” St. George from the American College Theater Festival
for its contribution to theater outreach. who are serious felons. Theater is highly resocializing
therapeutic, and through it prisoners can learn
observed. “With these training exercises we help to redirect people Moller said studies by her and others have about things in ways we can’t begin to effect, and allows
shown that prisoners engaged in theater understand.”
toward other choices that they have, so they can choose different activities have reduced levels of anger. “It
the actor to
teaches emotion management and control,” A similar effect can be seen in the classrooms observe the
paths.” This process of self-discovery, Canavan added, she observed. Theater has also been shown of John Jay. “Dramatic things happen in my
consequences of
to improve discipline and behavior, promote classroom,” Donaldson said. “They never
is part of the essence of adult learning. behavior.”

20 21
 “There’s nothing quite like theater work in prison,” he said. FOR REDUCING VIOLENCE, IT TAKES A
“You can’t imagine what it’s like to work with 25 women who are
serious felons. Theater is highly therapeutic, and through it prisoners
can learn about things in ways we can’t begin to understand.”
NETW RK
continued from page 7

This isn’t “We met with David and I thought ‘what’s he talking about, this
professional can’t possibly work.’ Our homicides are now at the lowest
theater, but point they have been in 10 years.” Using Kennedy’s gang
strategy, the International Association of Chiefs of Police awarded
we’re trying to
the Cincinnati Police Department the coveted Weber Seavey
prepare students Award for 2008.
for the
misgivings. Fealy, whose jurisdiction has “what are you white folk thinking of now.” The Assistant District
professional used Kennedy’s strategies successfully since drug market has essentially disappeared as
world. 1997, noted, “This is usually outside the a result of Kennedy’s strategies and she Attorney Risco
comfort zone for prosecutors, police and currently runs an innovative program in
even members of the community” who are Hempstead called the Council of Thought and
new to this approach. Police Chief Thomas Action where 300 ex-offenders meet twice a
Mention-Lewis was
Streicher of Cincinnati was at first skeptical week — a process that, she says, provides
of these methods. In 2001, his city was the individuals with a sense of integrity. also skeptical at
There are
scene of the country’s last race riot. In 2006, Letting offenders know that the
students who the city had 89 homicides, the highest in the community values them is essential. first. She thought
history of the department. “We met with But just as important, is an honest
have so much David and I thought ‘what’s he talking about, dialogue that must occur between law to herself
this can’t possibly work.’ Our homicides are enforcement and the minority
inside them now at the lowest point they have been in 10 community. For Lewis, “everyone in this
“what are you
years.” Using Kennedy’s gang strategy, the process — the police, the DA, and the
that’s untapped, International Association of Chiefs of Police service providers — had to come in and
A scene from A Few Good woMen
awarded the Cincinnati Police Department the do some truth telling about the way they white folk
and theater coveted Weber Seavey Award for 2008. had been treating the population.”
know what’s going to happen next. Tarantino typically accompanies her
can help bring For me, the performance is in the service thinking of now.”
of the teaching.”
John Jay productions with a one-day The Call-In: A Process of Revelation
that out. symposium on a relevant topic: For Kennedy, “the work has been a process
An Ancient Teaching Tool
street gangs for West Side Story, of revelation.” The call-in, which began as a
The drug
When you do, Added Professor Tarantino, who like tool of the strategies, has now become its
Donaldson teaches a criminal justice and justice and theology for The Last centerpiece. A carefully orchestrated event, market has
it’s a theater course: “Theater unifies across Days of Judas Iscariot and, for the there is always worry among all concerned
beautiful disciplines. For example, what better way
forthcoming production of Sweeney
— the law enforcement members, the essentially
to teach criminology than to explore the community members, even the offenders —
thing. mind of a criminal?” The use of theater to Todd, a discussion of vigilante that each of the others will not appear. But as disappeared
teach is ancient, she observed. “The Greeks justice. Kennedy points out, “comes the day and
everybody shows up. The call-in becomes a
knew this, and the Bible is just filled with
theater,” said Tarantino. “Theater is simply a “The play’s the thing,” Shakespeare observed place where they can say things that they
as a result of
better teaching tool.” In a college like John in Hamlet, and Tarantino would likely be quick don’t seem to be able to say anywhere else.
Jay, the effect is enhanced, since “there isn’t to concur. “This isn’t professional theater, but Nassau County Assistant District Attorney Risco Mention-Lewis
It’s where the mother of a dead child can say Kennedy’s
a play written that’s not about justice,” we’re trying to prepare students for the In Nassau County, District Attorney Kathleen what this had done to her.” Kennedy also
according to Tarantino. “If there’s no conflict, professional world. There are students who Rice took the lead. One six-block area in pointed out that the call-in allows the strategies.
there’s no play.” have so much inside them that’s untapped, Hempstead was responsible for 15 percent community to see that law enforcement
and theater can help bring that out. When you of the drug arrests in the county. Assistant officers are not the predators that some
As if to ensure that the educational do, it’s a beautiful thing.” District Attorney Risco Mention-Lewis was believe them to be. Conversely, it allows the
also skeptical at first. She thought to herself law enforcement community to see that the
value of theater is optimized, Peter Dodenhoff is editor of @John Jay.

22 23
 For Kennedy, “the work has been a process of According to
revelation.” The call-in, which began as a tool Yale Law School’s
of the strategies, has now become its Deputy Dean
centerpiece. Tracey Meares
and Professor
The “wrong way” that Williams referred to is
The call-in the practice of conducting police sweeps, Walton Hale
sometimes called zero tolerance, that often
becomes a take place in such neighborhoods, where Hamilton,
almost everyone is stopped and numerous
place where arrests are made for all kinds of offenses Tracey Meares, Deputy Dean,Yale Law School Pastor William Sherman Mason
arrest-intensive
great and small. In High Point, Fealy says that
they can say using sweeps was ultimately making things For many of the conference participants, these strategies
methods can
worse. “We had the community up in arms
things that represent not just a successful program, but a “movement” that often embolden
with our tactics, well intentioned though they
were.” According to Yale Law School’s Deputy can fundamentally change the way police do business in gangs, “but police
they don’t Dean Tracey Meares and Professor Walton
Hale Hamilton, these arrest-intensive methods
neighborhoods that are beset by violence.
seem also lose the
can often embolden gangs, “but police also
the prestigious Innovations in American According to Striecher, “our law enforcement
to be able to Professor David Kennedy lose the assistance of their primary partner in
Government Award from Harvard’s John F. efforts are now focused on the worst of the
assistance of their
the suppression of violence — the
community is neither complacent nor Kennedy School of Government, the second worst.” He likens the process in military terms
community.” primary partner in
say complicit about the violence it is experiencing. time Kennedy’s strategies were given the to the difference between carpet bombing and
honor — the first time was for his work in clinical strikes, where collateral damage is the suppression of
anywhere Dante Ingram and Clarence Williams went Meares believes that the Boston in 1997. reduced. Fealy pointed out that the
through the process and now function as
street outreach workers in Cincinnati who strategies not only reduce community is involved with decisions violence —
else. work with (not for) police to help mitigate violence, but that they
That’s not to say that these methods regarding who will be arrested. “When we sat
circumstances that can lead to outbreaks of are “soft” on really bad offenders. down initially, we made the decisions of those the community.”
violence. For Ingram, the process began with also “produce a sense of Referring to an arrest of a drug who would get prosecution and those who
would not with the community at the table
a knock on the door from his probation
officer. “It was particularly scary. I had my gun
justice.” She is working dealer who had been plaguing his ...we’re all in it together.” For many of the
neighborhood, Mason noted,
and my drugs on the table.” He was awaiting with the Chicago team, conference participants, these strategies
his “lick” — a drug buyer — and had 10 years “I believe in prison…there are represent not just a successful program, but a
“on the shelf” — the sentence that awaited
which recently reported a some folks that need a reality check, “movement” that can fundamentally change
the way police do business in neighborhoods
him with the next arrest. Instead of coming 37 percent reduction in the so I had no problem with seeing him that are beset by violence. From numerous
into the house, his probation officer handed
homicide rate in its highest carried off and neither did the reports coming in from around the country
him the notice to attend a call-in. It turned his
community.” In criminology circles, and abroad, Kennedy’s innovative strategies
life around. For Williams, the community’s crime police districts where it is generally accepted that a small are proving to be the most effective since the
moral voice made the difference. “The call-in
saved my life,” he says. Williams had been these strategies are being percentage of offenders are
introduction of community policing.
dealing drugs since he was 13 and was
addicted to the life style — the street life.
used. responsible for a disproportionate Marie Rosen is a senior editor at John Jay College
of Criminal Justice.
“When you hear from people who have a One of the fears Fealy had at first was amount of violence.
vested interest in the neighborhood, the engaging in a truth-telling dialogue in the
mother that lost her kid — that really hit me. minority community. Pastor William Sherman
Mason recalled, “When Chief Fealy came to a
“When Chief Fealy came to a meeting in our community and
Hearing from the police meeting in our community and launched his launched his speech with ‘We failed you, we let you down,’
speech with ‘We failed you, we let you down,’
chief saying that they have there was pin-drop silence. People were so there was pin-drop silence. People were so fired up to blow
been doing things the fired up to blow folks out of the water. He
wrong way…that was also disarmed them. It set the stage for change.” folks out of the water. He disarmed them. It set the stage for
In High Point, violent crime has substantially
a big step.” decreased and in 2007 the department won change.”

24 25
 Alumni Worth Noting Alumni Worth Noting

“Here at CUNY, John B. Clark (MPA ’77) Brian Gimlett (BS ’75) “A successful and
we truly When the Vietnam War kept him from When Brian Gimlett began his studies at John satisfying career
pursuing his dream of teaching, John Jay Jay in 1972, he was working as a messenger
transform lives. alumnus John B. Clark (MPA ’77), redirected on the trading floor at the New York Stock begins with a first
his passion for higher education by using his Exchange (NYSE). As fate would have it,
People come to financial acumen to help students have the some 34 years later in 2006 he was named step,” he says.
same transformational experience that he Senior Vice President for Global Security for
CUNY and they had in college. that same Exchange, which now includes
“For me attending
London, Paris, Brussels, Lisbon, Amsterdam
become successful. “The irony of my life is that I always wanted
and an interest in Doha, Quatar. He also
John Jay was that
to be in the university as a professor and
things kept getting in the way,” said Clark, serves as the Exchange’s primary liaison with first step. I would
That’s our mission local, state, federal and international law
the newly appointed acting executive director
of CUNY’s Office of Business and Industry enforcement agencies. At the time of Brian’s not have had
and I can’t think appointment, former NYSE CEO John Thain A big difference between public law
Relations. “When I graduated from college I
of any mission was an honors student in history, but the noted, “Brian brings a level of knowledge and enforcement and corporate security, he my first
“CUNY’s Chancellor Matthew Goldstein felt experience that make him an outstanding points out, is that there is more emphasis on
U.S. Army intervened. By the time I got out, I
that we are in New York City, which is the addition to our organization.” customer service. “You have to build opportunity in
that is better was advised that history jobs — forget it.”
financial capital of the world, and we have consensus with your customers, the
So, Clark went to work. After holding That “knowledge and experience” began at
this wonderful faculty…there is a natural link
John Jay. He initially wanted to follow in his managers who are responsible for the law enforcement
than that.” positions at a number of municipal agencies, between investment wealth in New York and business. You have to show you are providing
including the New York City Housing Authority brother’s footsteps and join the NYPD.
the ideas that our faculty generate where we
However, at John Jay he met a number of value to the company.” if it weren’t for
and the New York City Health and Hospitals can form collaborations, start-up companies,
people who encouraged him to look into There’s no question that corporate security
Corporation, he became involved in municipal patent ideas….”
other types of law enforcement positions. took on new importance after 9/11. And it’s the College.
bonds and public finance. Clark spent 18
Besides bringing his business expertise to At the time, the late Governor Nelson no secret that the Exchange is a terrorist
years as a Wall Street analyst and investment
CUNY, Clark also brings a deep Rockefeller had just set up the Office of the target. Dealing with the terrorist threat is one
John Jay and
banker who specialized in healthcare and
understanding of higher education from the Special Prosecutor to investigate corruption of Gimlett’s primary duties. He, like a number
higher education financing.
administration side. He served as interim of John Jay alumni, is a member of Bankers
the people I met
in the criminal justice system. Gimlett, like a
It was during those years that he furthered chancellor for the State University of number of John Jay students and alumni, and Brokers — former law enforcement
his education. Clark has three master’s New York (SUNY) and as interim president at
there opened
became a part of that effort. He started as a executives who have security clearance and
degrees and a doctorate. In addition to a BA the SUNY colleges at Plattsburgh, Alfred share information. “We work hand-in-hand
in history from Providence College, he also
confidential clerk. Once he received his the door for me.”
State, Brockport and the College of degree in criminal justice in 1975, he worked with the NYPD Counterterrorism Division, the
holds an MPA from John Jay; an MA in Optometry before joining CUNY. He also as a special investigator. From there it was FBI and a number of federal agencies that
economics from Fordham University; an MS served as SUNY’s interim vice chancellor for on to the Secret Service. provide us with intelligence information.” At
in philosophy from New York University; and enrollment management and university life. the Exchange, the “primary boots on the
a doctorate in politics and education from Brian spent 22 years with the Service,
“What kept me going on all the campuses starting with assignments in Philadelphia, ground” in addition to his own armed security
Teachers College, Columbia University. Even people, “are the NYPD that are here 24/7 for
where I have worked, are the students,” said Atlantic City and Washington, DC. He
his dissertation, Clark points out, was on one
Clark is the of the most well known classical works on
Clark. “On Wall Street, you’re there for one returned to New York and eventually 365 days a year. It’s an unbelievable
reason — to make money and support your became the Special Agent in Charge, the partnership.”
acting executive the University, The Idea of University by John
family. When you’re in higher education, top job in the New York Office. In the Secret Gimlett is quick to credit the College for
Gimlett is
Henry Cardinal Newman.
particularly public higher education, you not Service, “I had two main responsibilities — providing that critical first step in his career.
director of “My wife said, ‘What’s up with this?’ I said only can support your family but you’re there investigations and protection.” This proactive “A successful and satisfying career begins
Senior Vice
some guys go fishing, some guys go for a noble cause,” he said. “Here at CUNY, and reactive background is important in the with a first step,” he says. “For me attending
CUNY’s Office of bowling, your husband goes up to the attic to we truly transform lives. People come to
President for
corporate world, says Gimlett, who worked John Jay was that first step. I would not have
write his dissertation,” said Clark. CUNY and they become successful. That’s for Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, and MBNA had my first opportunity in law enforcement if
Business and our mission and I can’t think of any mission
Global Security
In addition to encouraging New York City’s before joining the NYSE. “When you work in a it weren’t for the College. John Jay and the
business community to hire more CUNY that is better than that.” corporation, many times you have to wear people I met there opened the door for me.” for the New York
Industry graduates, he will also work at creating multiple hats.”
Relations. closer, more direct links between the
University and that community.
Stock Exchange.

26 27
Alumni Class Notes
Farrell M. Adams, BA ’83, retired from the U.S. Department of Homeland Tamara A. Monell, BA ’00 & MS ’04, is CEO of her private practice,
Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in May 2009 as a Peaceful Minds Inc., which she began in 2007 in Miami Beach, FL. In
senior special agent with over 21 years of federal law enforcement addition to individual, family and couples counseling, she works as a
experience. psychotherapist with therapeutic and educational groups at community
mental health centers and online. She is also a premarital course provider
Tyberius D. Asante, BA ’96, was promoted to project manager with registered with Miami-Dade County.
University Behavioral Associates (UBA), a behavioral care and substance
abuse managed care company affiliated with Montefiore Medical Center. Amar R. Moody, BA ’02, has been a child protective specialist for
New York City Children Services (ACS) for over three years.
Lissette Barrios-Reyes, BA ’05, held several positions since graduation,
including that of a case manager/court liaison for the New York State Angelo L. Morales, BA ’08, a detective with the NYPD, is currently
Courts, where she worked with the elderly and provided alcohol and enrolled in John Jay’s graduate program in protection management.
substance abuse counseling. She now holds a position with the Town of
Islip, NY, working with teen parents and members of the community. Rebecca E. Paul, BA ’07, was recently employed by the New York State
Unified Court System, working with the Rockland County Drug Court as a
Shantal M. Carter, MA ’07, quickly got her “dream job” as a corrections case manager to monitor clients who have committed crimes due to their
counselor for the New York State Department of Correctional Services drug and/or alcohol addiction. She notes, “This job is very rewarding
“thanks to [her] degree from John Jay.” because I can help people change their lives and live as law-abiding,
productive members of society.”
Salvatore J. Cassano, BS ’76, was appointed as New York City’s 32nd
fire commissioner by Mayor Michael Bloomberg on December 21, 2009. Lisa D. Peay, BA ‘99, is currently working at Create, Inc. as a Credentialed
Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Counselor (CASAC).
Wendy E. Chavez, MPA ’04, is the national academic director of the
Universidad del Pacifico in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Michael E. Ruggiero, MA ’09, is teaching as an adjunct professor in the
Department of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice Administration at
David E. Chong, BS ’80, was named commissioner of public safety in John Jay.
Mount Vernon, NY.
Frank Straub, MA ’90, stepped down as commissioner of public safety in
Carrie V. David, BA ’06, was offered a position as a budget manager at White Plains, NY and was subsequently named public safety director in
New York University and is also pursuing a MPA in public finance at the Indianapolis, IN.
Robert F. Wagner School of Public Service. She says, “I am forever
devoted to John Jay.” John F.Timoney, BA ’74, stepped down as police chief of Miami, FL and
is now senior vice president of Business Development, Consulting and
Yvonne Segar Davis, BS ’97, received a MPA from Savannah State Investigations for Andrews International, the largest privately owned
University. full-service provider of security and risk mitigation services in the United
Richard Goff, BS ’74, a former NYPD detective 3rd grade, is currently a States.
professor of criminal justice and criminology at Ventura College in Ventura, CA. Benjamin B. Tucker, BS ’77, was nominated by President Barack Obama
Camille A. Gould, BS ’08, is in her second year of law school. as deputy director for state, local and tribal affairs at the Office of National
Drug Control Policy. He currently serves as a professor of criminal justice
Timothy J. Horohoe, MPA ’07, is an adjunct faculty member in the at Pace University.
Department of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice Administration at
John Jay. Elyse Y. Warner-Lyons, BS ’00, obtained a Certificate in HR Benefits and
Compensation from Cornell University in 2008 and a Certificate in Early
Natasha M. (Iheme) Henry, BS ’00, completed a master’s degree in Intervention from the New York State Health Department in 2009.
2008 and owns a driving school in Baltimore, MD. She also works for Ernst
& Young. Scott C. Weems, BA ’95, started working for the Immigration and
Naturalization Service in 1997 as a detention enforcement officer. PLANNED GIVING
Connie Jones-Hairston, BA ’01, is a legal assistant with the United He later was promoted to an immigration enforcement agent and then
States Attorney’s Office. a deportation officer. In 2009 he was again promoted to detention and Everyone can play a part in the future of the College, especially in ensuring the success of future programs
deportation officer at ICE Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Sedeke M. Kamara, BA ’04, is working as a law enforcement officer with and activities.
Headquarters in Washington, DC as the residential facilities coordinator for
the New York City Department of Correction at Rikers Island. She is married the Juvenile and Family Residential Management Unit, where he is currently
with two beautiful daughters. ages 3 and 2 years.
A bequest to the John Jay College Foundation, Inc. will contribute significantly and forever, either toward the
assigned. “None of this would have been possible without obtaining my John Jay Endowment Fund or in support of a particular program, lectureship or scholarship fund.
Robert J. MacMaster, BS ’08, became a deputy U.S. marshal in the degree from John Jay,” he notes.
District of Wyoming. With members of a number of agencies, he recently Beatrice Wilkinson Welters, MA ’78, was nominated by President Barack When formulating your bequest, the following wording is suggested:
helped support law enforcement and drug intervention operations for the Obama as Ambassador to the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. She is
69th Annual Sturgis Motorcycle Rally in Sturgis, SD. currently president and chairperson of the AnBryce Foundation. I give and bequeath to John Jay College Foundation, Inc., New York, NY,
John McCormack, BA ’05, was promoted to the position of national Mark Zarbailov, BS ’00, has been director of database services for the $____________ to be added to the principal of the John Jay Endowment Fund, the
import specialist associate within the Office of International Trade under Ethical Culture Fieldston School since 2005. In 2008, he established a income to be credited each year in my name.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection. fundraising technology consultant company, Datawebflex, which helps
Joshua A. McElroy, BA ’07, was hired as a Connecticut state trooper. educational institutions, non-profit organizations and small to mid-sized It is as simple as that, and just imagine what your gift will provide for future generations of students who follow
businesses achieve maximum outcome from their information systems.
in your footsteps.
Yessenia Mendez, BA ’06, is currently taking the paralegal certificate
course through the Continuing Education program at John Jay College.

28 29
John Jay College
T h e C i T y U n i v e r s i T y o f n e w y o r k

of Criminal Justice
899 TenTh AvenUe
new york, ny 10019
www.jjay.cuny.edu

Campus expansion project (Phase II) construction site on February 1, 2010