Fibrothal

Heating modules and

insulation systems

Contents
Introduction4
Fibrothal heating modules and
insulation systems5
Technical data general7
KF-modules 

Tolerances 

Atmospheres 

10

Power limitation 

11

Technical data standard range13

Heating modules 

13

Panels 

15

Half-cylinders 

21

Tubes 

24

Insulating parts 

26

Modules to special design27

Modules with embedded heating 

27

ROB in panel and shell design 

28

Fibrothal meander II and III 

29

Special tube modules 

30

Muffles 

31

Insulating parts 

32

Accessories34
Flexible bead-insulated connecting leads 

34

Ceramics tubes with flange 

37

Ceramic insulators and plugs 

38

Assembly 

39

Attaching Fibrothal modules 

39

Sealing the joints 

41

Welding on the heating element 

41

Overview of the heating systems 

43

Voltage and power conversion

for standard modules 

44

Calculation example 

44
3

Introduction

fEATUREs

L ess weight of the insulation

H
 igh insulation properties
F lexible to use, possible

to switch fastly between

different processes
F ast installation and
replacement
E
 nergy savings
E
 xact controlling of the
process

Kanthal is the heating brand within Sandvik. Our

lightweight construction has become the norm in
many industrial furnaces, with the use of ceramic
fibers (KF) up to furnace temperatures of 1550C
(2820F).
The low thermal mass and thermal conductivity of the ceramic fiber
furnace linings mean that you can build industrial furnaces which,
depending on the type and mode of operation, contribute significantly to energy saving, higher output and better availability.
In the electrically heated furnace, however, it is very expensive and
time consuming to combine ceramic fibers, such as blankets or folding blocks, with electric heating elements. This has led to the product
concept which we introduced to the market in 1978 under the trademark Fibrothal.
Today the Fibrothal trademark covers a family of products consisting
of vacuum-formed ceramic fiber components, with or without electric
heating elements.

To get in contact with you local representative visit

www.kanthal.com or show this QR-code to your
smartphone.

Fibrothal heating modules and insulation systems

Fig. 1Heating modules with embedded heating elements made

of Kanthal alloys for a maximum element temperature of
1150C (2100F).

Fig. 2RAC tubes with embedded but virtually free-radiating

heating element, for a maximum element temperature of
1300C (2370F).

Fig. 3Fibrothal meander II module with free-radiating heating

elements for a maximum element temperature of 1300C
(2370F), mainly for roof heating and tilting furnaces.

Fig. 4ROB with free-radiating heating elements for a maximum

element temperature of 1300C (2370F), mainly for wall
and floor heating.

Fig. 5Muffles with embedded heating elements made of

Kanthal alloys for a maximum element temperature of
1150C (2100F).

Fig. 6Insulation parts of vacuum-formed fiber in the most varied

shapes for application temperatures up to 1550C
(2820F).

Fig. 7FibroSiC are unsupported roof insulating parts, which are

strengthened by silicon carbide (SiC) tubes.

Technical data general

KF-modules
Chemical properties: KF-modules possess high

has no influence on the properties of the ceramic

fibers themselves. After drying or evaporation the
thermal and physical properties are restored. Care
must be taken when they are fitted with heating
elements because of possible corrosion.

resistance to chemicals, including most acids, with

the exception of hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric
acid and strong bases. Wetting with water and oil

Technical data of ceramic fiber modules

F-3/LS

F-17/LS

F-19

F-14

F-Bio

Classification temp. C (F)*

1260(2300)

1400(2550)

1500(2730)

1600(2910)

1300(2370)

Maximum continuous duty

temperature, C (F)

1150(2100)

1300(2370)

1400(2550)

1550(2820)

1200(2190)
(in clean air)**

Density approx. kg/m3 (lb/ft3)

200(12.48)

200(12.48)

200(12.48)

250(15.61)

180200
(11.2412.48)

Linear shrinkage, %
(24 hours at max. continuous
duty temperature)

3/<1

4.5/<2

4.5

3.5

<2

46
54

50
50

67
33

77
23

CaO+MgO 1820
7080
others<3

Guide analysis, %:

Al2O3
SiO2

Thermal conductivity, W/mK***

at 200C

(390F)

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.08

at 400C

(750F)

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.09

0.10

at 600C

(1110F)

0.14

0.14

0.14

0.13

0.14

at 800C

(1470F)

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.19

0.21

at 1000C

(1830F)

0.28

0.29

0.28

0.24

0.28

at 1200C

(2190F)

0.41

0.39

0.35

at 1300C

(2370F)

0.49

0.46

0.39

at 1400C

(2550F)

0.54

0.46

at 1500C

(2730F)

0.54

at 1600C

(2910F)

* Classification temperature of the fibers used

** The max. cont. duty temp. is reduced to 1000C (1830F)
furnace temp. in H2 atmosphere (also contents of it)
*** Measuring method: calorimeter

Fiber free versions see Moduthal brochure

For F-Bio products it is absolutely necessary to know the final
application. Please contact our technical sales office for advice.

Tolerances
Module dimensions

The following tolerances apply to the vacuumformed insulation with or without heating element.

Electrical resistance: Rk 5%

C
A

Fibrothal panels
A and B

C, with machining on
one surface
two surfaces
mm
in
mm
in

Module dimension

mm

in

700 mm (27.6 in)

0.12

0.20

0.12

>700 mm (>27.6 in)

0.20

+5/-10

+ 0.20/-0.39

0.12

Fibrothal half-cylinders
A

Module dimension

mm

in

mm

200 (7.9)

+4

+0.16

200350 (7.93.8 )

+6

>350 (>13.8)

+10

C
in

mm

in

0.20

+0.24

0.20

+0.39

10

0.39

0.12

RE

RF

Fibrothal shells

Module dimension

A, B and D
mm
in

mm

700 mm (27.6 in)

0.12

>700 mm (>27.6 in)

0.20

R E and R F
mm
in

in
0.20

0.20

10

0.39

Fibrothal tubes
A
mm
+8/-2

B
in

mm

+0.31/-0.08

+10/-5

C
in
+0.39/-0.20

mm
10

in
0.39

Atmospheres

Maximum permissible element temperatures in various furnace atmospheres

Furnace
atmosphere

Max. element temperature

Kanthal
heating elements

H2

1400C (2550F)

1000C (1830F)

H2 increases heat throughput of

Fibrothal 34 times.

N2

1200C (2190F)
preoxidized

1150C (2100F)
preoxidized

Fibrothal heating modules without

heating elements up to maximum duty
temperature.

Endogas

1050C (1920F)
preoxidized

1050C (1920F)
preoxidized

Pay attention to carbon deposition!

Better with gas-tight muffle.

Exogas

1150C (2100F)
preoxidized

1050C (1920F)
preoxidized

Pay attention to carbon deposition!

Better with gas-tight muffle.

Sulphur

approx.
1000C (1830F)

Does not withstand sulphur pentoxide.

Chlorine, fluorine,
alkali

attacks all types of

resistance alloys

attacks all types of

resistance alloys

Fibrothal can be used without elements

below 900C (1650F).

Vacuum < 10-3 mbar

1150C (2100F)
preoxidized

800850C
(14701560F)

Vacuum higher than 10-3 mbar will take

too long to evacuate the fiber block.
Better with vacuum-tight muffle.

Pressurized

1400C (2550F)

1250C (2280F)

Fibrothal can be used in gas or air-tight

furnaces only.

Scale

see remarks

see remarks

Spray scale from heat-resistant parts is

usually satisfactorily tolerated, iron oxide
scale attacks Kanthal fit cover.

Vapours

see remarks

see remarks

Vapours must not form condensates

from salts or oxides, otherwise
electrical bridges will be formed.

Gas velocity

see remarks

see remarks

Fibrothal withstands high gas velocities

up to 50 m/s (112 mph). Pay attention
to butt joints with ceramic fiber blankets.

Please contact our technical sales office for the use of F-Bio

10

Remarks

Fibrothal
heating elements

Power limitation

Maximum recommended load in relation to the furnace temperature for the various heating module designs
Specific power, kW/m2 (kW/ft2)

For RAC module: Current, A

100

(9.3) 100

RAC
(7.4)

RO

80

80

an

Fi

br
ot

ha

(5.6)

(3.7)

60

lm

ea

60

nd

er

40

40

Fibro

thal,

(1.9)

emb

edde

d he

20

ating

20

0
500 700 900 1100 1300C
930 1290 1650 2010 2370F
Furnace temperature

Rule of thumb

To install a voltage of 230 V with a free radiating

wire (ROB, Fibrothal meander) an area of 1 m2
(10.8 ft2) is needed.
To install a voltage of 230 V with an embedded
element (Fibrothal) an area of 0.25 m2 (2.7 ft2) is
needed.

11

12

Technical data standard range

Heating modules

Fibrothal standard heating modules are manufactured with embedded heating elements, two
principles being followed.
Principle I

With this method the Kanthal A-1 heating wires

(diameter <3.5 mm (0.14 in)) are embedded in the
ceramic fiber module made of F3 fiber. The maximum element temperature is 1150C (2100F).

For optimum heat radiation:

The heating wire is made with an oval
cross-section
Part of the face of the heating wire is bare
The inside of the heating wires is largely free of
ceramic fibers

This design is protected by patent.

Panels and half-cylinders are manufactured according to this principle.

Fig. 8 Embedding principle.

13

Principle II

With this method used exclusively for heating

tubes a heating wire of Kanthal A-1/Kanthal
APM (diameter 5 mm (0.20 in)) is formed to
fit into a ceramic fiber module of F17 fiber with
ceramic spacers. In this case the heating element
lies on the surface of the insulation and is virtually
free-radiating. The maximum element temperature
is 1300C (2370F) (1350C (2460F) for Kanthal
APM).
A complete range of moulds is available for manufacturing the standard modules. There are therefore
no mould costs in this case.

Fig. 9 RAC forming principle.

14

In this brochure the voltages have been converted

to the eurovoltage (400/230V). The modules can
however also be operated with the voltages previously used (380/220V or 415/240V).
If low power is required, the modules can also be
operated at lower voltages. Higher power is also
possible if allowance is made for the maximum
wall loading (see Power limitation).

Panels

The heating surface is the surface which accommodates the heating element. The standard module
dimensions are based on the heated surface dimensions plus the minimum required unheated edge
area. Panels can be manufactured to a maximum
width or length of 1050mm (41.4 in).
Unheated edges can be manufactured to any dimension as long as the overall panel dimension does
not exceed the maximum width or length already
specified. Standard modules can also be supplied
with additional 125 mm (4.92 in) unheated edges
on either the width or length (type SL; SB).

If modules are to be attached to roofs or side walls,

there is a design available with ceramic cup assembly mountings. For roofs in particular we recommend additional element anchorage using ceramic
cement pins.
The standard design of connections is in the form
of threaded rod M8 75 mm (2.95 in) long at
the back of the module. Other connection designs
are available on request, e. g. flexible leads (see
Accessories).

65 15
(2.6 0.6)

190 15 (SL)
(7.5 0.6)

190 15 (SL)
(7.5 0.6)

65 15
(2.6 0.6)

Z1

65 15
(2.6 0.6)

65 15
(2.6 0.6)

190 15 (SL)
(7.5 0.6)

190 15 (SL)
(7.5 0.6)

Terminals

Z1

Y
1

3
Z2

E
4

6
Z2

9
Assembly mountings

Fig. 10 Fibrothal standard panels.

15

Standard Fibrothal heating panel designs

Type designation

Part No.

Standard dimensions
ABC
mm
in

Heated area
DE
mm
in

PAS 300/225/57.5

DF830004

300225125

11.88.94.9

270195

10.67.7

PAS 300/225/57.5 S/D

DF830007

300225125

11.88.94.9

270195

10.67.7

PAS 300/225/57.5 SL

DF830011

550225125

21.78.94.9

270195

10.67.7

PAS 300/225/57.5 SB

DF830012

300475125

11.818.74.9

270195

10.67.7

PAS 375/225/57.5

DF830016

375225125

14.88.94.9

335195

13.27.7

PAS 375/225/57.5 S/D

DF830019

375225125

14.88.94.9

335195

13.27.7

PAS 375/225/57.5 SL

DF830021

625225125

24.68.94.9

335195

13.27.7

PAS 375/225/57.5 SB

DF830022

375475125

14.818.74.9

335195

13.27.7

PAS 450/300/100

DF830026

450300125

17.711.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/100 S/D

DF830029

450300125

17.711.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/100 SL

DF830031

700300125

27.611.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/100 SB

DF830032

450550125

17.721.74.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/115

DF830036

450300125

17.711.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/115 S/D

DF830039

450300125

17.711.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/115 SL

DF830041

700300125

27.611.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/115 SB

DF830042

450550125

17.721.74.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/133

DF830046

450300125

17.711.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/133 S/D

DF830049

450300125

17.711.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/133 SL

DF830051

700300125

27.611.84.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/300/133 SB

DF830052

450550125

17.721.74.9

410250

16.19.8

PAS 450/375/115

DF830056

450375125

17.714.84.9

410325

16.112.8

PAS 450/375/115 S/D

DF830059

450375125

17.714.84.9

410325

16.112.8

PAS 450/375/115 SL

DF830061

700375125

27.614.84.9

410325

16.112.8

PAS 450/375/115 SB

DF830062

450625125

17.724.64.9

410325

16.112.8

PAS 450/375/133

DF830066

450375125

17.714.84.9

410325

16.112.8

PAS 450/375/133 S/D

DF830069

450375125

17.714.84.9

410325

16.112.8

PAS 450/375/133 SL

DF830071

700375125

27.614.84.9

410325

16.112.8

PAS 450/375/133 SB

DF830072

450625125

17.724.64.9

410325

16.112.8

16

Power
W

Voltage Resistance Terminal Assembly

R20
arr.
nos.
V

position pcs./pos.

Grid dimensions
X/Z1
Y/Z2
mm
in
mm
in

Approx.
weight
kg
lb

1050

57.5

3.03

IIII

2.1

4.6

1050

57.5

3.03

IIII

2/1-9

75/150

3.0/5.9

92/42

3.6/1.7

2.1

4.6

1050

57.5

3.03

IIII

3.5

7.7

1050

57.5

3.03

IIII

3.9

8.6

1350

57.5

2.35

IIII

2.7

6.0

1350

57.5

2.35

IIII

2/1-9

75/112

3.0/4.4

92/21

3.6/0.8

2.7

6.0

1350

57.5

2.35

IIII

4.1

9.0

1350

57.5

2.35

IIII

11.0

2100

100

4.58

III

4.2

9.3

2100

100

4.58

III

2/4-6

100/125

3.9/4.9

150/0

5.9/0

4.2

9.3

2100

100

4.58

III

6.1

13.4

2100

100

4.58

III

15.4

2100

115

6.06

III

4.2

9.3

2100

115

6.06

III

2/4-6

100/125

3.9/4.9

150/0

5.9/0

4.2

9.3

2100

115

6.06

III

6.1

13.4

2100

115

6.06

III

15.4

2100

133

8.1

IIII

4.5

9.9

2100

133

8.1

IIII

2/1-9

100/125

3.9/4.9

131/19

5.2/0.7

4.5

9.9

2100

133

8.1

IIII

5.9

13.0

2100

133

8.1

IIII

6.9

15.2

2700

115

4.9

III

4.5

9.9

2700

115

4.9

III

2/4-6

100/125

3.9/4.9

187/0

7.4/0

4.5

9.9

2700

115

4.9

III

7.7

17.0

2700

115

4.9

III

8.2

18.0

2700

133

6.3

III

5.3

11.7

2700

133

6.3

III

2/4-6

100/125

3.9/4.9

187/0

7.4/0

5.3

11.7

2700

133

6.3

III

7.7

17.0

2700

133

6.3

III

17.6

(Cont.)

17

Standard Fibrothal heating panel designs

18

Type designation

Part No.

Standard dimensions
ABC
mm
in

Heated area
DE
mm
in

PAS 600/450/200

DF830076

600450125

23.617.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/200 S

DF830079

600450125

23.617.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/200 D

DF830082

600450125

23.617.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/200 SL

DF830083

850450125

33.517.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/200 SB

DF830084

600700125

23.627.64.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/230

DF830088

600450125

23.617.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/230 S

DF830091

600450125

23.617.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/230 D

DF830094

600450125

23.617.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/230 SL

DF830095

850450125

33.517.74.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 600/450/230 SB

DF830096

600700125

23.627.64.9

550405

21.715.9

PAS 750/450/200

DF830100

750450125

29.517.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/200 S

DF830103

750450125

29.517.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/200 D

DF830106

750450125

29.517.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/200 SL

DF830107

1000450125

39.417.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/200 SB

DF830108

750700125

29.527.64.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/230

DF830112

750450125

29.517.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/230 S

DF830115

750450125

29.517.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/230 D

DF830118

750450125

29.517.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/230 SL

DF830119

1000450125

39.417.74.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 750/450/230 SB

DF830120

750700125

29.527.64.9

700405

27.615.9

PAS 900/600/400

DF830124

900600125

35.423.64.9

825540

32.521.3

PAS 900/600/400 S

DF830127

900600125

35.423.64.9

825540

32.521.3

PAS 900/600/400 D

DF830130

900600125

35.423.64.9

825540

32.521.3

PAS 900/600/400 SL

DF830472

1150600125

45.323.64.9

825540

32.521.3

PAS 900/600/400 SB

DF830131

900850125

35.433.54.9

825540

32.521.3

PAS 900/750/400

DF830135

900750125

35.429.54.9

825680

32.526.8

PAS 900/750/400 S

DF830138

900750125

35.429.54.9

825680

32.526.8

PAS 900/750/400 D

DF830141

900750125

35.429.54.9

825680

32.526.8

PAS 900/750/400 SB

DF830142

9001000125

35.439.44.9

825680

32.526.8

Power
W

Voltage Resistance Terminal Assembly

R20
arr.
nos.
V

position
pcs./pos.

Grid dimensions
X/Z1
Y/Z2
mm
in
mm
in

4200

200

9.16

III

4200

200

9.16

III

2/4-6

150/150

5.9/5.9

225/0

4200

200

9.16

III

4/1-3-7-9

150/150

5.9/5.9

100/125

4200

200

9.16

III

4200

200

9.16

III

4200

230

12.11

III

4200

230

12.11

III

2/4-6

150/150

5.9/5.9

225/0

4200

230

12.11

III

4/1-3-7-9

150/150

5.9/5.9

100/125

4200

230

12.11

III

4200

230

12.11

III

5400

200

7.12

IIII

5400

200

7.12

IIII

2/4-6

143/232

5400

200

7.12

IIII

6/1-2-37-8-9

102/(294) 4.0/(11.6)
100/125
(252)
(9.9)

5400

200

7.12

IIII

5400

200

7.12

IIII

5400

230

9.42

IIII

5400

230

9.42

IIII

2/4-6

143/232

6/1-2-37-8-9

102/(294) 4.0/(11.6)
100/125
(252)
(9.9)

5.6/9.1

5.6/9.1

8.7

19.2

8.9/0

8.7

19.2

3.9/4.9

8.7

19.2

11.5

25.4

12.5

27.6

8.6

19.0

8.9/0

8.6

19.0

3.9/4.9

8.6

19.0

11.4

25.1

12.3

27.1

11.1

24.5

8.9/0

11.1

24.5

3.9/4.9

11.1

24.5

14

30.9

15.8

34.8

15.4

34.0

8.9/0

15.4

34.0

3.9/4.9

15.4

34.0

225/0

225/0

Approx.
weight
kg
lb

5400

230

9.42

IIIII

5400

230

9.42

IIII

13.5

29.8

5400

230

9.42

IIII

15.4

34.0

8400

400

18.32

IIIII

17.4

38.4

8400

400

18.32

IIIII

2/4-6

198/252

8400

400

18.32

IIIII

6/1-2-37-8-9

156/294 6.1/11.6

8400

400

18.32

IIIII

8400

400

18.32

IIIII

10800

400

14.25

IIIII

10800

400

14.25

IIIII

2/4-6

198/252

10800

400

14.25

IIIII

9/1...9

156/294 6.1/11.6

10800

400

14.25

IIIII

7.8/9.9

7.8/9.9

300/0

11.8/0

17.5

38.6

150/150

5.9/5.9

17.4

38.4

23

50.7

23

50.7

22.3

49.2

375/0

33.0/0

22.3

49.2

130/245

5.1/9.6

22.3

49.2

27.9

61.5

19

20

Half-cylinders

For horizontal operation the upper half shell should

be designed for the pin system (for explanation see
Heating panels).
The connections are designed as standard in the
form of threaded bolts M8 75 mm (2.95 in)
long on the back of the module. Other connection
designs are available on request, e.g. flexible leads
(see Accessories).

We are producing the HAS models to use fiber felt inbetween.

B
C

5015
(1.970.59)

5015
(1.970.59)

5015
(1.970.59)

Fig. 11 Fibrothal standard half-cylinders.

21

Standard Fibrothal half-cylinder designs

22

Type designation

Part No.

HAS 70/250/57.5

DF830256

HAS 70/500/115
HAS 100/250/57.5

inside diameter
A
mm
in

outside diameter
B
mm
in

70

2.8

220

8.7

DF830260

70

2.8

220

8.7

DF830264

100

3.9

250

9.8

HAS 100/300/57.5

DF830268

100

3.9

250

9.8

HAS 100/500/115

DF830272

100

3.9

250

9.8

HAS 100/600/115

DF830276

100

3.9

250

9.8

HAS 150/250/57.5

DF830280

150

5.9

300

11.8

HAS 150/300/57.5

DF830284

150

5.9

300

11.8

HAS 150/500/115

DF830288

150

5.9

300

11.8

HAS 150/600/115

DF830292

150

5.9

300

11.8

HAS 200/250/57.5

DF830296

200

7.9

350

13.8

HAS 200/300/57.5

DF830300

200

7.9

350

13.8

HAS 200/500/115

DF830304

200

7.9

350

13.8

HAS 200/600/115

DF830308

200

7.9

350

13.8

HAS 250/375/115

DF830312

250

9.8

450

17.7

HAS 250/400/115

DF830316

250

9.8

450

17.7

HAS 250/750/200

DF830320

250

9.8

450

17.7

HAS 250/750/230

DF830324

250

9.8

450

17.7

HAS 250/800/230

DF830328

250

9.8

450

17.7

HAS 300/375/115

DF830332

300

11.8

500

19.7

HAS 300/400/115

DF830336

300

11.8

500

19.7

HAS 300/750/230

DF830340

300

11.8

500

19.7

HAS 300/800/230

DF830344

300

11.8

500

19.7

HAS 350/500/200

DF830348

350

13.8

600

23.6

HAS 350/500/230

DF830352

350

13.8

600

23.6

HAS 350/600/230

DF830356

350

13.8

600

23.6

HAS 350/750/230

DF830360

350

13.8

600

23.6

HAS 350/800/230

DF830364

350

13.8

600

23.6

HAS 400/500/200

DF830368

400

15.7

650

25.6

HAS 400/500/230

DF830372

400

15.7

650

25.6

HAS 400/600/200

DF830376

400

15.7

650

25.6

HAS 400/600/230

DF830380

400

15.7

650

25.6

HAS 400/750/400

DF830384

400

15.7

650

25.6

HAS 400/900/400

DF830388

400

15.7

650

25.6

HAS 450/600/400

DF830392

450

17.7

700

27.6

HAS 450/900/400

DF830396

450

17.7

700

27.6

HAS 500/600/400

DF830400

500

19.7

750

29.5

HAS 500/900/400

DF830404

500

19.7

750

29.5

Length
C

Power

Voltage

Resistance
R20

Terminal
arr.
position

Approx.
weight
kg

lb

7.06

IIII

2.2

mm

in

250

9.8

450

57.5

500

19.7

900

14.13

III

1.9

4.2

250

9.8

650

57.5

4.89

III

1.2

2.6

300

11.8

750

57.5

4.24

IIII

1.5

3.3

500

19.7

1300

115

9.78

III

2.4

5.3

600

23.6

1500

115

8.48

IIII

6.6

250

9.8

950

57.5

3.35

III

1.7

3.7

300

11.8

1150

57.5

2.76

III

4.4

500

19.7

1900

115

6.69

III

3.4

7.5

600

23.6

2300

115

5.53

IIII

4.1

9.0

250

9.8

1250

57.5

2.54

IIII

2.2

4.9

300

11.8

1500

57.5

2.12

III

2.7

6.0

500

19.7

2500

115

5.09

IIII

4.5

9.9

600

23.6

3000

115

4.24

IIII

5.3

11.7

375

14.8

2350

115

5.41

III

5.3

11.7

400

15.7

2500

115

5.09

III

5.3

11.7

750

29.5

4700

200

8.18

IIII

10.7

23.6

750

29.5

4700

230

10.82

IIII

10.4

22.9

800

31.5

5000

230

10.17

III

11

24.3

375

14.8

2800

115

4.54

III

6.1

13.4

400

15.7

3000

115

4.24

III

6.5

14.3

750

29.5

5600

230

9.08

IIII

13

28.7

800

31.5

6000

230

8.48

III

12.9

28.4

500

19.7

4400

200

8.74

IIII

11.5

25.4

500

19.7

4400

230

11.56

IIII

11.5

25.4

600

23.6

5300

230

9.6

IIII

13.5

29.8

750

29.5

6600

230

7.71

IIII

17

37.5

800

31.5

7000

230

7.27

IIII

17.7

39.0

500

19.7

5000

200

7.69

IIII

13

28.7

500

19.7

5000

230

10.17

IIII

13

28.7

600

23.6

6000

200

6.41

III

14.8

32.6

600

23.6

6000

230

8.48

IIII

15.2

33.5

750

29.5

7500

400

20.51

III

18.5

40.8

900

35.4

9000

400

17.09

IIII

21.7

47.8

600

23.6

6800

400

22.62

IIII

15.8

34.8

900

35.4

10200

400

15.08

III

26.1

57.5

600

23.6

7500

400

20.51

III

17.1

37.7

900

35.4

11300

400

13.61

III

27.3

60.2

115

23

Tubes

For the power connections (strip 20 3 mm

(0.79 0.12 in)) you can choose between radial
(type A) and face variants (type B). Because of the
high current levels a flexible wire connection is not
possible.

20 15
(0.79 0.59)

Type A

8.5 (0.33)

50 10
(1.97 0.39)

A
C

Type B
100 (3.94)

20 15
(0.79 0.59)

8.5 (0.33)

A
C

Fig. 12 Fibrothal standard tubes.

24

Standard Fibrothal tube designs (metric figures)

Type
designation

Type A
Type B
Dimensions Length Term.
Voltage,V
Part No. Part No. i.d.. o.d.
C
arr.
Power, W
A mm B mm mm D mm at 60 A at 72 A at 85 A

RAC 40/200

DF830147 DF830153

40

160

220

105

RAC 40/500

DF830158 DF830164

40

160

520

105

RAC 70/200

DF830169 DF830175

70

240

220

135

RAC 70/500

DF830180 DF830186

70

240

520

135

RAC 100/200 DF830191 DF830197

100

270

220

150

RAC 100/500 DF830202 DF830208

100

270

520

150

RAC 150/200 DF830213 DF830219

150

350

220

215

RAC 150/500 DF830224 DF830230

150

350

520

215

RAC 200/200 DF830235 DF830241

200

450

220

240

RAC 200/500 DF830246 DF830252

200

450

520

240

15.8
950
40
2398
25
1500
63.1
3786
34.1
2049
86.2
5170
49.4
2963
127
7620
64.6
3878
163.1
9787

19
1369
48
3455
30
2161
75.8
5454
41
2952
103.5
7450
59.3
4269
152.5
10979
77.6
5587
195.8
14101

22.5
1909
56.7
4818
35.5
3014
89.5
7608
48.4
4117
122.2
10391
70.1
5955
180.2
15314
91.7
7793
231.4
19669

Res. Weight
R20

kg
0.253

1.6

0.639

3.8

0.4

2.9

1.008

6.9

0.546

3.6

1.377

8.5

0.789

5.1

2.03

12.5

1.033

7.7

2.607

18.7

Standard Fibrothal tube designs (imperial figures)

Type
designation

Type A
Type B
Dimensions Length Term.
Voltage,V
Part No. Part No. i.d.. o.d.
C
arr.
Power, W
A in
B in
in
D in at 60 A at 72 A at 85 A

RAC 40/200

DF830147 DF830153

1.6

6.3

8.7

4.1

RAC 40/500

DF830158 DF830164

1.6

6.3

20.5

4.1

RAC 70/200

DF830169 DF830175

2.8

9.4

8.7

5.3

RAC 70/500

DF830180 DF830186

2.8

9.4

20.5

5.3

RAC 100/200 DF830191 DF830197

3.9

10.6

8.7

5.9

RAC 100/500 DF830202 DF830208

3.9

10.6

20.5

5.9

RAC 150/200 DF830213 DF830219

5.9

13.8

8.7

8.5

RAC 150/500 DF830224 DF830230

5.9

13.8

20.5

8.5

RAC 200/200 DF830235 DF830241

7.9

17.7

8.7

9.4

RAC 200/500 DF830246 DF830252

7.9

17.7

20.5

9.4

15.8
950
40
2398
25
1500
63.1
3786
34.1
2049
86.2
5170
49.4
2963
127
7620
64.6
3878
163.1
9787

19
1369
48
3455
30
2161
75.8
5454
41
2952
103.5
7450
59.3
4269
152.5
10979
77.6
5587
195.8
14101

22.5
1909
56.7
4818
35.5
3014
89.5
7608
48.4
4117
122.2
10391
70.1
5955
180.2
15314
91.7
7793
231.4
19669

Res. Weight
R20

lb
0.253

3.5

0.639

8.4

0.4

6.4

1.008

15.2

0.546

7.9

1.377

18.7

0.789

12.2

2.03

27.6

1.033

17.0

2.607

41.2

25

Insulating parts

Fibrothal insulating parts are available in the

same standard dimensions as the heating modules.
The standard range also includes insulating end
pieces which fit the outside diameters of the halfcylinders and tubes. If necessary these end pieces
can also be supplied drilled to the size of the work
tube. The standard thickness is 125 mm (4.92in)
or 50 mm (1.97in); other dimensions are also
available.

Fibrothal, end piece range

Outside diameter

26

Thickness

Weight

mm

in

mm

in

kg

lb

160

6.3

125/50

4.9/2.0

0.5/0.2

1.1/0.4

220

8.7

125/50

4.9/2.0

0.9/0.3

2.0/0.7

240

9.5

125/50

4.9/2.0

1.1/0.4

2.4/0.9

300

11.8

125/50

4.9/2.0

1.2/0.7

2.6/1.5

350

13.8

125/50

4.9/2.0

2.4/1.0

5.3/2.2

450

17.7

125/50

4.9/2.0

3.9/1.6

8.6/3.5

500

19.7

125/50

4.9/2.0

4.9/2.0

10.8/4.4

600

23.6

125/50

4.9/2.0

7.0/3.0

15.4/6.6

650

25.6

125/50

4.9/2.0

8.2/3.3

18.1/7.3

700

27.6

125/50

4.9/2.0

9.6/3.8

21.2/8.4

750

29.5

125/50

4.9/2.0

11.0/4.4

24.3/9.7

Modules to special design

Over and above the standard range we offer an
extensive special range of different heating systems.
With these, all furnace sizes and designs can, in
principle, be created. The following systems are
available:

Module with embedded heating

ROB in panel and shell design
Meander systems
Special tube modules
Muffles
Insulating parts
An extensive range of forming moulds are available
for the manufacture of special modules.
For special designs a portion of the mould costs
may be charged.
Modules with embedded heating

These modules can be used for almost all furnace

layouts. In addition to panels for furnaces with
flat walls we manufacture many different module
designs for cylindrical surfaces, such as tubes up
to 500 mm (19.7in) diameter and half-cylinders
up to 650 mm (25.6in) diameter. For larger inside
diameters, shell modules (1/3, 1/4, 1/6 shells, etc.)
are used. The designs correspond to that of the
standard panels or half-cylinders. The maximum
element temperature is 1150C (2100F).

Advantages of the system:

The heating element is directly incorporated into
the module and requires no additional mountings
Shape, dimensions and electrical data variable
within wide limits

Terminal voltages of the modules correspond to
line voltage or fractions of it
Easy replacement of the modules, if the furnace
is suitably designed, even during operation

No limitation on the installation position

27

ROB in panel and shell design

The ROB system consists of Fibrothal insulation

modules with built-in mounting system and meandershaped heating elements of round wire, the element
legs mainly running next to each other in V-form.
Both Kanthal and Nikrothal alloys can be used
here.

Fig. 13 ROB in panel design.

28

General ROB advantages:

Free-radiating heating element up to 1300C
(2370F) element temperature
Heating element change possible
Long heating element length over several modules possible, therefore far fewer terminals are
required
Larger heating conductor cross-section can be
installed; this results in longer element working
life

High power concentrations can be installed
(see Fig. 12)

Fibrothal meander II

The heating element mountings consist of metallic

hairpin-shaped parts, which are anchored in the
ceramic fiber module.

Specific advantages:
No limitation on the installation position; also
suitable for tilting furnaces
Variable heating element pitch value
Also suitable for round furnaces

Fig. 14 Fibrothal meander II modules.

Fibrothal meander III

The heating element mountings consist of metallic

rod support and metallic holders, anchored in the
ceramic fiber module. (Fibrothal meander III replaces an earlier design called Fibrothal meander I).

Specific advantages:

Elements can be replaced

Tilting of furnace up to 90 is possible
Also suitable for round furnaces

Fig. 15 Fibrothal meander III modules.

29

Special tube modules

These modules, usually multi-zone, correspond

in their design to the RAC tubes (see Principle II,
Fig. 9). The maximum inside diameter is 400 mm
(15.7in); lengths up to approx. 2000 mm (78.7in)
can be manufactured. If required these heating
tubes can also be supplied with a sheet metal shell.
Depending on the requirements the alloys Kanthal
A-1, AF or Kanthal APM are used.

Fig. 16 Heating cassette (diffusion annealing tube).

30

Advantages of the system:

High temperature uniformity
Precise temperature profiles can be achieved
High power concentration
Can be installed in any position

Muffles

Monoblock ceramic fiber modules with embedded

heating element, can be used for laboratory and
small chamber furnaces. These can be heated on
up to four sides. Maximum element temperature
1150C (2100F). Matching door modules can be
supplied.

Advantages of the system:

Short assembly times
Short heating up times
Uniform temperature distribution in the furnace
interior
Rapidly and easily replaced

Fig. 17 Fibrothal muffle in laboratory furnace.

31

Insulating parts

Insulating parts to special designs can be supplied

in the same dimensions as the heating modules
described in the preceding section.
FibroSiC, unsupported roof modules

The further development of our Fibrothal system, in particular with the objective of achieving
self-supporting, easy-to-assemble roof insulation,
has led to the combination of ceramic fiber insulation modules and SiC tubes.
This design, introduced under the type designation
FibroSiC, can be used for spans up to 2200 mm
(86.6in) at Tf = 1200C (2190F).

SiC-tubes

Fig. 18 FibroSiC, unsupported roof modules

32

Advantages of the system:

Unsupported up to 2200mm (86.6in) at
furnace temperature 1200C (2190F)
Easy to assemble
Economic design, since no other roof support is
needed

Fig. 19 Fibrothal modules in a suspended monorail furnace.

33

Accessories
Flexible bead-insulated connecting leads
Only for modules with embedded heating!

The lead consists of Nikrothal 40 (nickel-chromium

alloy) and is multi-twisted. The choice of the necessary cross-section depends on the power consumption of the Fibrothal module. The diagrams below
can be used to select the correct lead dimensions.
Remember, however, that the temperatures at the
terminals must never exceed 200C (390F).

It is also necessary to note that the temperature

of the lead in the back insulation, in particular
the welded connection to the terminal, should not
exceed 800C (1470F). The lead temperature is
due to the combination of inherent heating caused
by the passing current and the temperature of the
insulation.

Leads bead-insulated in air

Twisting, times
Lead temperature
100C (210F)

150C (300F)

20

16

200C (390F)

13

10
8

5
3

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 A
Current

34

Twisted connecting leads

Number of twists, x times
8.0
10.0

5.0
Outside diameter
Twisted lead
Insulating beads

13.0

mm

in

mm

in

mm

in

mm

in

4.5

0.18

6.5

0.26

7.0

0.28

8.5

0.33

11.0

0.43

14.0

0.55

14.0

0.55

14.0

0.55

Leads bead-insulated in Fibrothal modules

Twisting, times
Lead temperature
100C (210F)

200C (390F)

20

16

13

10
8

5
3

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 A
Current

35

Insulating blankets

Hardener

For compensating for module and furnace tolerances and shrinkage, dimensions: 6.35 300 mm
(0.25 11.8in) wide.

For hardening machined surfaces.

Cement

For patching up damaged Fibrothal modules.

Protection tubes for thermocouples

Diameter 7/5 mm (0.28/0.20in) desired length,

both ends open.

Repair kit

Consisting of: adhesive, hardener, powder, wool

and felt.

Glue

For bonding Fibrothal modules together.

Mounting of Fibrothal modules

Fiber plug

Ceramic cone

Nut M8

Fixing pin
* also both ends
threaded available

*
Washer diameter
25/8.5 2.5

Fig. 20 Mounting of Fibrothal modules.

36

Ceramic tubes with flange

L
S

Ceramic tubes with flange

Ref.

L stock

mm

in

mm

in

mm

in

mm

in

mm

in

TUT-20-10

20

0.79

10

0.39

0.24

0.24

max 300

max 11.8

TUT-25-15

25

0.98

15

0.59

0.35

10

0.39

100-150-200-300

3.9-5.9-7.9-11.8

TUT-30-20

30

1.18

20

0.79

12

0.47

15

0.59

100-150-200-300

3.9-5.9-7.9-11.8

TUT-35-25

35

1.38

25

0.98

15

0.59

20

0.79

150-200-300

5.9-7.9-11.8

TUT-40-30

40

1.57

30

1.18

15

0.59

20

0.79

200-250-300

7.9-9.8-11.8

TUT-45-35

45

1.77

35

1.38

20

0.79

20

0.79

150-200-300

5.9-7.9-11.8

TUT-50-40

50

1.97

40

1.57

25

0.98

30

1.18

300

11.8

Dimensional tolerances according DIN 40680 norms

Usually manufactured in mat. A38E
Bold stock standard

37

Ceramic insulators and plugs

S
B

Fig. B

Fig. A

Ceramic insulators and plugs

Code

Ref.

Fig.

D
mm

d
in

mm

mm

T
in

mm

in

ISM

025-16,5-5 M

15.5 0.61

0.20 10

0.39

ISF

025-16,5-5 F

15.5 0.61

0.20 11

0.43 1.8

ISM

025-22-6.5 M

22.5 0.89

6.5 0.26 11.5 0.45

ISF

025-22-6.5 F

22.5 0.89

6.5 0.26 12.3 0.48 4.3

ISM

025-30-8 M

30

1.18

8.5 0.33 16

0.63

ISF

025-30-8 F

30

1.18

8.5 0.33 18

0.71 8.5

TAP

025-23-7

23

0.91

0.28 13

0.51

TAP

025-45-13

45

1.77 13

0.51 26

TAP

025-60-15

60

2.36 15

0.59 30

Dimensional tolerances according DIN 40680 norms

Bold stock standards

38

A
in

0.07

S
in

mm

Mat.
in

1.5 0.06

0.24 Steatite

0.20 Steatite

0.16

10.5 0.41 Steatite

0.31 Steatite

7.5 0.30

15

0.59 Steatite

0.3

15

0.59 Steatite

15

0.59

20

0.79 A38E

1.02

18

0.71

30

1.18 A42P

1.18

18

0.71

40

1.57 A42P

0.17

mm

Assembly
For relatively small furnaces, such as tube furnaces
with RAC modules, Fibrothal half-cylinders or
third cylinders and muffle or chamber furnaces with
Fibrothal panels, usually no special measures are
necessary for the mounting or fixing of Fibrothal
modules, because they are self-supporting and/or
self-stabilising inside the furnace body.
Attaching Fibrothal modules

For attaching Fibrothal modules in larger furnace

installations, we recommend mounting of Fibrothal
modules (see Accessories). For certain furnace designs it is possible to use a minimum of mountings,
sometimes even none, because the modules support
each other in a similar way as the blocks of a vault.
Examples of this are shown in Figs. 21, A to C.

With this assembly it is essential that the modules

can be assembled or inserted from the outside or
from above. To reduce the assembly times and
therefore costs, we can supply completely preassembled module rings.
If the design makes assembly of the modules from
the furnace interior necessary, we recommend the
tried and tested module combination as per
Fig. 21, D.
This design consists of the module types A+B, in
which the modules A are held by the modules
B. In most cases it is sufficient to fix the modules
B with the mountings.

Fig. 21 Module installation situations AD.

39

Fig. 22 ROB-modules in a bell furnace.

40

Sealing the joints

To compensate for furnace and module tolerances,

and for shrinkage of the module inside, but also to
prevent radiation losses through the module gaps,
we recommend fitting a double folded layer of ceramic fiber felt (see Accessories) between Fibrothal
modules. The ceramic fiber felt should project
by at least 25 mm (0.98in) from the front of the
module. This projection serves to compensate for
the thermal module shrinkage.
Welding on the heating element

If welding has to be carried out, e.g. between the

terminal and the heating element, we recommend
using the TIG method. Welding filler is usually not
necessary. Please follow our welding instructions.

Situation at
mounting
125 mm
(4.9 in)

10 mm (0.39 in) gap

Fibrothal
panel or shell

Fibrothal
panel or shell

Situation after some

Felt
10 mm (0.39 in) gap
time heating
125 mm
(4.9 in)

Fibrothal
panel or shell

Fibrothal
panel or shell

Shrinkage

Fig. 23 Fitting of fiber felt (principle).

41

Fig. 24 Assembly of Fibrothal ROB-segments for a vacuum purge furnace.

42

Overview of the heating systems

The table below is intended for quick reference to
the various heating systems.

Selection criteria for heating systems

Fibrothal
panels
embedded

Fibrothal
shells
embedded

Fibrothal
tubes
embedded

RAC

ROB

Fibrothal
meander
system II

Fibrothal
meander
system III

Vertical
installation

Horizontal
installation

XD

XD

Floor
installation

n.a.

n.a.

Suitable for
round furnaces

Element change
possible

Free-radiating
heating

Element quality
A-1

AF

APM

N80/N60

Max. element
temp. C (F)
AF
A-1

1300(2370) 1300(2370) 1250(2280) 1250(2280)

1150 (2100) 1150(2100) 1150(2100) 1300(2370) 1300(2370) 1250(2280) 1250(2280)

APM
Max. element
temp. C (F)
N80/N60
X
D
O

n.a.

1300(2370) 1300(2370) 1350(2460) 1350(2460)

1100/1050 1100/1050 1100/1050

(2010/1920) (2010/1920) (2010/1920)

= possible
= pin system recommended in certain circumstances
= sometimes possible (customer information necessary)
= not possible
= not applicable

43

Voltage and power conversion for standard modules

Calculation example
Assumption

For a chamber furnace six Fibrothal heating panels

with dimensions 750 450 125 mm (29.5 17.7
4.9 in) are necessary. The required furnace should
have a power rating of approx. 25 kW.
For this duty Fibrothal heating module PAS
750/450/230 (see Standard Fibrothal heating panel
designs) can be chosen. According to the table the
standard data are 5400W at 230V supply voltage
with a cold resistance of 9.42 (hot resistance
approx. 4% higher = 9.8). 6 heating modules
would therefore give a total installed furnace power
of 32.4 kW (two 3-phase groups; star connection).

Calculation of the modified power per Fibrothal

heating panel

Power per
= required furnace power (P)
heating panel (P) quantity of heating modules
Power per heating panel (P) = 25 (kW) =4170 (W)
6

Calculation of the new supply voltage U

U= P Rw
U= 4170 (W) 9.8 () = 202.15 (V)
U=202.15 Volts

In this case it is advisable to select one 3-phase

group in delta connection with two heating
modules in series, i.e. each module is connected to
200V.
Calculation of the power P per Fibrothal heating
module at 200 volts supply voltage

2
P= U
Rw

2002 (V2) = 4082 (W)

9.8 ()
P = 4082 Watts

The total furnace power is therefore 6 4082W =

24489W.
The temperature factor which contributes to the
change in the heating resistance can be neglected
for the calculation illustrated above, because with
the element alloy Kanthal A-1 it is max. 4%.

44

Fig. 25 Fibrothal modules used in a conveyor belt furnace.

45

46

Sandvik Group
The Sandvik Group is a global high technology enterprise with 47,000 employees in 130 countries. Sandviks operations are concentrated
on five business areas in which the group holds leading global positions in selected niches: Sandvik Mining, Sandvik Machining Solutions,
Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandvik Construction and Sandvik Venture.
Sandvik Materials Technology
Sandvik Materials Technology is a world-leading developer and manufacturer of products in advanced stainless steels and special alloys for
the most demanding environments, as well as products and systems for industrial heating.
Kanthal is a Sandvik owned brand, under which world class heating technology products and solutions are offered. Sandvik, Kanthal,
Fibrothal, Moduthal and Nikrothal are trademarks owned by Sandvik Intellectual Property AB.
Quality management
Sandvik Materials Technology has quality management systems approved by internationally recognized organizations. We hold, for example,
the ASME Quality Systems Certificate as a materials organization, approval to ISO 9001, ISO/TS 16949, ISO 17025 and PED 97/23/EC. We
also have product and/or shop approvals from bodies such as TV, JIS, DNV and Lloyds Register.
Environment, health and safety
Environmental awareness, health and safety are integral parts of our business and are at the forefront of all activities within our operation.
We hold ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 approvals.
Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know
the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice.
This printed matter is only valid for Sandvik material. Other material, covering the same international specifications, does not necessarily
comply with the mechanical and corrosion properties presented in this printed matter.

S-KA013-B-ENG, 8-A-1, 12.2011

Sandvik Materials Technology

Sandvik Heating Technology AB, Box 502, 734 27 Hallstahammar, Sweden Phone +46 220 21000 Fax +46 220 21166
www.kanthal.comwww.smt.sandvik.com