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    Parkinson's Disease

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    hady920
    Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. It results from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain. The main symptoms are movement-related and include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty walking. While treatments like L-DOPA and dopamine agonists can improve early symptoms, the disease progressively worsens as more dopaminergic neurons are lost. Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but research continues on new treatments and animal models to better understand the disease.

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    Parkinson's Disease

    Uploaded by

    hady920
    205 views3 pages
    Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. It results from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain. The main symptoms are movement-related and include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty walking. While treatments like L-DOPA and dopamine agonists can improve early symptoms, the disease progressively worsens as more dopaminergic neurons are lost. Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but research continues on new treatments and animal models to better understand the disease.

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    Parkinson

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    Parkinson

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    Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. It results from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain. The main symptoms are movement-related and include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty walking. While treatments like L-DOPA and dopamine agonists can improve early symptoms, the disease progressively worsens as more dopaminergic neurons are lost. Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but research continues on new treatments and animal models to better understand the disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    205 views3 pages

    Parkinson's Disease

    Uploaded by

    hady920
    Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. It results from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain. The main symptoms are movement-related and include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty walking. While treatments like L-DOPA and dopamine agonists can improve early symptoms, the disease progressively worsens as more dopaminergic neurons are lost. Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but research continues on new treatments and animal models to better understand the disease.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Parkinson's disease

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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    "Parkinson's" redirects here. For other uses, see Parkinson's (disambiguation).

    Parkinson's disease

    Illustration of Parkinson's disease by William Richard


    Gowers, which was first published in A Manual of Diseases
    of the Nervous System (1886)
    Classification and external resources
    Specialty

    Neurology

    ICD-10

    G20, F02.3

    ICD-9-CM

    332

    OMIM

    168600 556500

    DiseasesDB

    9651

    MedlinePlus

    000755

    eMedicine

    neuro/304 neuro/635 in young


    pmr/99 rehab

    MeSH
    GeneReviews

    D010300

    Parkinson Disease Overview

    Parkinson's disease (PD), also known as idiopathic or primary parkinsonism, hypokinetic


    rigid syndrome, or paralysis agitans, is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system
    mainly affecting the motor system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the
    death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain. The causes
    of this cell death are poorly understood. Early in the course of the disease, the most obvious
    symptoms are movement-related; these include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and
    difficulty with walking and gait. Later, thinking and behavioral problems may arise, with
    dementia commonly occurring in the advanced stages of the disease, and depression is the most
    common psychiatric symptom. Other symptoms include sensory, sleep and emotional problems.
    Parkinson's disease is more common in older people, with most cases occurring after the age of
    50; when it is seen in young adults, it is called young onset PD.
    The main motor symptoms are collectively called parkinsonism, or a "parkinsonian syndrome".
    The disease can be either primary or secondary. Primary Parkinson's disease is referred to as
    idiopathic (having no known cause), although some atypical cases have a genetic origin, while
    secondary parkinsonism is due to known causes like toxins. Many risks and protective factors
    have been investigated: the clearest evidence is for an increased risk of PD in people exposed to
    certain pesticides and a reduced risk in tobacco smokers. The pathology of the disease is
    characterized by the accumulation of proteins into Lewy bodies in neurons, and insufficient
    formation and activity of dopamine in certain parts of the midbrain. Where the Lewy bodies are
    located is often related to the expression and degree of the symptoms of an individual. Diagnosis
    of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms, with tests such as neuroimaging being used for
    confirmation.
    Treatments, typically the antiparkinson medications L-DOPA and dopamine agonists, improve
    the early symptoms of the disease. As the disease progresses and dopaminergic neurons continue
    to be lost, these drugs eventually become ineffective whilst at the same time produce a
    complication marked by involuntary writhing movements. Diet and some forms of rehabilitation
    have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms. Surgery and deep brain stimulation have
    been used to reduce motor symptoms as a last resort in severe cases where drugs are ineffective.
    Research directions include investigations into new animal models of the disease and of the
    potential usefulness of gene therapy, stem cell transplants and neuroprotective agents.
    Medications to treat non-movement-related symptoms of PD, such as sleep disturbances and
    emotional problems, also exist.

    In 2013 PD resulted in about 103,000 deaths globally, up from 44,000 deaths in 1990.[1] The
    disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson, who published the first detailed
    description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy in 1817.[2][3] Several major organizations promote
    research and improvement of quality of life of those with the disease and their families. Public
    awareness campaigns include Parkinson's disease day (on the birthday of James Parkinson, 11
    April) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease. People with parkinsonism who
    have increased the public's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox, Olympic
    cyclist Davis Phinney, and professional boxer Muhammad Ali.

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