Review 17-4-2008 December
Review 17-4-2008 December
Review 17-4-2008 December
4 D e c em b e r 2 0 0 8
the journal of
the asian arts society
of australia
TAASA Review
WATER
contents
Volume 17 No.4 December 2008
ED ITOR IAL
TA A S A RE V I E W
Ann Proctor
Frederick Asher
e di torI A L email: [email protected]
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Julian Cribb
Lydia Kievan
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BOATS, CROCODILE ANCESTORS AND MERMAID MYTHS IN THE ART AND CRAFT OF TIMOR-LESTE
Joanna Barrkman
design / layout
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printing
Gill Green
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Adrian Snodgrass
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James Bennett
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Graham Humphries
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R OX AN NA BR OW N ( 1 9 4 6 2 0 0 8 )
Pamela Gutman
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EN D OF YEAR M ESSAGE
Judith Rutherford
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$60 Single
$90 Dual
$90 Single overseas (includes postage)
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$195 Corporate/institutional (up to 10 employees)
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$650 Life membership (free admission all events)
advertising RAT E S
COVER
The malar, the largest sailing boat in Bengal, prepares to set sail for a sunset cruise at
the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Photo: Rolex Awards/Heine Pedersen
$850
$725
$484
$364
$265
$300
T A A S A committee
EDITORIAL
Ann Proctor, Guest Editor
M att Cox
Queens Step Well, Patan. Mid 11th century. Steps descending to the step well. Photo: A. Proctor
TA A S A R E V I E W V O L U M E 1 7 N O. 4
When the Mughal emperor Babur (15261545) came to India, he saw a land that he
described as unruly and uncultured. Thus he
commenced a campaign to construct gardens,
well ordered gardens in which water was to
play a central role: I always thought one
TA A S A R E V I E W V O L U M E 1 7 N O. 4
REFERENCES
Possehl, Gregory (2002). The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary
Perspective. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press.
Jain-Neubauer, Jutta (2001). The Stepwells of Gujarat: An Arthistorical Perspective. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.
Viennot, Odette (1964). Les divinits fluviales Ganga et Yamuna
aux portes des sanctuaires de lInde. Paris: Presses universitaires
de France.
Wescoat, James L., ed (1996). Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places,
Representations, and Prospects. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks.
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To repair a staple-hulled palowari, a cargo vessel rescued from 35 years underwater, workers cling to a bamboo
scaffolding used as a winch to turn the boat on its side. Photo: Rolex Awards/Heine Pedersen
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Tirtha, Candi Jolotundo, from 977 CE. Lower western slopes of Mount Penanggungan. Photo: Lydia Kievan
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REFERENCES
Kieven, L.: forthcoming PhD thesis University of Sydney
Patt, Judith. 1979: The Use and Symbolism of Water in Ancient
Indonesian Art and Architecture. Diss. Berkeley, California.
Phalgunadi, I Gusti Putu. 1990: The Indonesian Mahabharata.
Adiparva The First Book. Translated from the Original Classical
Kawi Text. International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya
Prakashan, New Delhi.
Pigeaud, Th.G. 1924: De Tantu Panggelaran. (Diss. Univ. Leiden)
s-Gravenhage.
Raffles, Th.S. 1817: History of Java. Vol. I,II. London.
Supomo, S. 1977: Arjunawijaya. A kakawin of Mpu Tantular.
Bibliotheca Indonesica 14. Vol. I,II. The Hague.
Van Setten van der Meer, N.C. 1979: Sawah cultivation in ancient
Java. Aspects of development during the Indo-Javanese period, 5th
to 15th century. Canberra.
Wisseman Christie, J. 2007: Water and rice in early Java and
Bali, in: Boomgaard, P. (ed.), A world of water. Rain, rivers and
seas in Southeast Asian histories. Leiden, pp. 235-258.
Naga-temple, Candi Panataran, end of 14th century. Naga-serpent winding around its
upper part with main temple in the background. Photo: Lydia Kievan
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REFERENCES
Bellwood P. 1991. The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of
Languages. Scientific American, 7/1991, pp. 88 93.
Cardosa L. 2000. The Crossing. A Story of East Timor. Granta
Publications, London.
Cinatti R. 1987. Motivos Artisticos Timorenses e a sua Integrao.
Instituo de Invetigacao Cientifica Tropical, Museu de Etnologia,
Lisboa.
Gusmo X. 2003. Interview with Xanana Gusmo by Robyn
Ravlich, ABC Studios, Sydney, May 2002.
OConnor S. 2003. Nine New Painted Rock Art Sites from
East Timor in the Context of the Western Pacific Region. Asian
Perspectives, 41 (I), Spring 2003.
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Pratib with multi-headed snake-style prow and stern. Phnom Penh. 2006. Photo: Gill Green
REFERENCES
Leclre, A. 1899. Le Buddhisme au Cambodge, Ernest Leroux, Paris.
Moura, J. 1883. Le royaume du Cambodge, Leroux, Paris.
Pore-Maspero, E. 1962. tude sur Les Rites Agraires des
Cambodgiens, Paris Mouton and Co. 1985, Ceremonies des
Douze Mois. Fetes Annuelles Cambodgiennes, Commission des
Mours et Coutumes de Cambodge, Cedorek, Paris.
Village style pratib, a banana trunk raft with
central pavilion. Chroy Changvar, Phnom Penh, 2006.
TA A S A R E V I E W V O L U M E 1 7 N O. 4
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W A T E R P U P P E T R Y: V I E T N A M E S E S O U L
Vuong Duy Bien
Fire and Water: the appearance of the dragon during the dance of the immortals. Photo: Bo V Quc
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Dragon fountain at the Higashi Hongan-ji, Kyoto. 17th century. bronze. Photo: A. Snodgrass
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Dragon image from the Zuzhkekyh (Taishkyzuz, Vol. 6/1). 15th century.
The Chinese character (on right) reads dragon, the other mark is the
dragons Sanskrit seed syllable.
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When Buddhism
reached China, the
rich repository of dragon lore and imagery
was appropriated into the Buddhist canon
by the simple expedient of identifying the
dragon with the Indian nga, which figures
so largely in Buddhist writings. The nga,
like the dragon, is closely associated with
water. They share so many characteristics
that they quickly became indistinguishable
in China. Not only is the Sanskrit word nga
always translated into Chinese as long, the
Chinese word for dragon, but in East Asian
art ngas are invariably depicted in the form
of dragons.
Dragon lore, absorbed into Buddhism, is
particularly evident in the stories associated
with Kkai (posthumously given the title
of Kb Daishi), the monk who introduced
Shingon (True Word) Buddhism into Japan
in the first decade of the ninth century.
For the Japanese he is possibly the most
famous of their countrymen and has close
connections with the Dragon King, Zennyo
Ry, who dwells in a cave on Mt. Mur at
the geographical centre of Japan.
Having returned from China, where he had
been initiated into the secrets of Esoteric
Buddhism (Mikky, another name for the
Shingon), Kkai engaged in a prodigious
program of temple building. As well as the
famous complexes on Mt. Koya and in Kyoto
(especially the Tji, the East Temple), he
established a monastery on Mt. Mur, close to
the dwelling place of the Dragon King. He did
this quite specifically to enable rain-making
ceremonies to be performed regularly, rituals
focused on the Dragon King, who was deemed
to control the rainfall for all Japan.
Kkai chose Mt. Mur as the site for a
monastery for several interrelated reasons.
Firstly, according to his geomantic calculations,
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The visualisation of Mt. Mur and the wishfulfilling jewel alludes to the Dragon King, as is
specifically indicated by the ritual performed
in the last three days of the ceremony, the
so-called Scented Water Consecration (kaji
kzui).
In this rite, conducted in the inner chambers
of the imperial palace, water drawn from
the Shinenen pond, whence the Dragon
King Zennyo had emerged during the rainmaking contest, is ritually empowered by
the officiating priest, and then sprinkled over
the clothes of the emperor. At one level, the
empowerment of the scented water is by
LOST KINGDOMS
OF THAILAND
BURMA: LAND OF
THE BUDDHAS
CAMBODIA: ANGKOR
AND BEYOND
LAOS: CROSSROADS
OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
15 September
23 October
09 November
February 2010
30 September 2009
11 November 2009
26 November 2009
Enigmatic and relatively
Thailands outstanding natural,
Cambodia offers a host of
undeveloped, landlocked
TAASA contributor Dr Bob
built and cultural worlds
experiences: outstanding
Laos offers travellers an
Hudson guides our annual
continue to attract more
ancient and colonial
intimate glimpse of traditional
A solar eclipse must rank as
program which contains
architecture; spectacular riverine Southeast Asian life. Gradually
one of the most awe-inspiring travellers than any other country
extended stays in Mrauk U,
environments; a revitalizing
emerging from its tumultuous
spectacles of the natural world: in Southeast Asia. This program
capital of the lost ancient
explores interesting aspects
kingdom of Arakan (now
urban capital; and beautiful
recent history, Laos is a gem
the sky takes on an eerie
of past empires, kingdoms
Rakhine State) and Bagan,
countryside. Join Gill Green,
of Indochina, from the fertile
and mystical twilight and an
and principalities in some
rivalling Angkor Wat as
art historian, author and
lowlands of the Mekong River
overall sense of magic and
different corners of Thailand.
Southeast Asias richest
Vice President of TAASA and
valley to the rugged Annamite
mythology is experienced.
archaeological precinct.
Australian expatriate university
highlands. Darryl Collins, long
Astronomer Martin George from Archaeologist Dr Bob Hudson
is leader.
Experiences in Yangon, Inle
and museum lecturer Darryl
term Southeast Asian resident,
Launcestons Queen Victoria
Lake, Mandalay and a private
Collins on a repeat of our
has designed and will guide
Museum led our previous
cruise down the mighty
successful 2008 program.
a comprehensive tour of Laos
solar eclipse travel program to
Ayeyarwady are also included.
which includes wonderful
Turkey in 2006; Martins latest
Luang Prabang and Wat
tour features the July 2009
Phu Champasak
solar eclipse near Hangzhou
in southern China. Following
the eclipse, we continue to be
immersed in Chinas rich history
For a brochure or further information phone Ray Boniface at Heritage Destinations
and culture including specialist
on (02) 9267 0129 or email [email protected]
astronomical sites.
In conjunction
with Australian
Museum Members
17 July 9 August 2009
H E R I TA G E D E S T I N AT I O N S
N AT U R E B U I L D I N G S P E O P L E T R AV E L L E R S
TA A S A R E V I E W V O L U M E 1 7 N O. 4
Suite 102, 379 Pitt Street, Sydney NSW 2000 Australia, PO Box K1042 Haymarket NSW 1240 Australia
Phone: +61 2 9267 0129 Fax: +61 2 9267 2899
ABN 93 086 748 834 LIC NO 2TA004916
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E X H I B I T I O N P R E V I E W : T H E G O L D E N J O U R N E Y: J A P A N E S E A R T F R O M A U S T R A L I A N
COLLECTIONS
James Bennett
Male and female Shinto deities, Shinzo, Usa shrine area, Hyuga, Kyushu, Kamakura period 13th century. Camphor wood,
male figure 79.0 cm high, female figure 48.5 cm high. Mrs Mary Overton Gift Fund 1998, Art Gallery of South Australia
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Arrival of the Black Ship, Momoyama Period c.1590. Japan, single screen, gold, ink and colour on paper, 94.0 x 290.0 cm. Private collection
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I N T H E P U B L I C D O M A I N : D A D A N G C H R I S TA N TO, W A S H I N G T H E W O U N D
Melanie Eastburn, with Dadang Christanto
Dadang Christanto performance, For those who have been killed, National Gallery of Australia Sculpture Garden,
30 September 2004. Photo: Steve Nebauer, courtesy National Gallery of Australia
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From left: Margery Morris, Philip Courtenay (TAASA Queensland Convenor), Baoping Li. Photo: Gill Green
TAASA VICTORIA
A Talk by Susan Scollay on 7 October 2008
TAASA NSW
Indonesia
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TA A S A M E M B E R S D I A R Y
D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 8 F E BR U A R Y 2 0 0 9
We offer over 20 study tours each year, of which the following scheduled
during 2009 may be of interest to TAASA members.
TUNISIA AND LIBYA 04-24 MARCH 2009
This tour looks at the Phoenician, Greek, Roman and Arab occupations and influences on these two North
African nations. Starting in Tunisia, covering the area previously forming Carthages sphere of influence,
the tour explores some of the best of the Roman sites in North Africa including Dougga, El Djem, Bulla
Regia and Sbeitla, but then also exploring medieval mosques, soukhs and Kairouan, the fourth holiest
city in the Islamic world. In Libya, visit Sabratha, Leptis Magna, Ptolmais and Cyrene. Some of the
sites of comparatively recent conflict during WW11 will also be visited. Tour leader is Ancient Historian
Leonie Hayne.
Land Only price per person, twin share: $5,415
CHINA: THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
04-24 APRIL 2009
Our visit is to the heart of the Chinese world: the two major capitals, Changan (Xian) and Beijing;
Lijiang, at the foothills of the Tibetan range and home to the Naaxi people; Shanghai, the booming
business centre; and old Chinas main transport arteries the Grand canal and the Yangzi River. You will
also visit Dazu, Yichang, Hangzhou, Xitang, Suzhou and Nanjing. Tour Leader is Dr John Barclay.
Land Only price per person, twin share: $5,735
JOKOSO JAPAN
27 APRIL 13 MAY 2009
Central Honshu the focus of this trip has always been the hub of Japanese history. The fascinating
city of Kyoto was the capital for over a century until it was transferred to Edo (Tokyo). Nearby centres
were sites of Daimyo activity, and so contain splendid fortifications and castles. But there is more
than history: spectacular scenery along the Kiso Valley and into the Japanese Alps; a look at Toyotas
advanced technology; an overnight in a Buddhist Monastery high on Mt Koya and a chance to appreciate
Tokyos contemporary architecture. Tour leader is Simon Gentry.
Land Only price per person, twin share: $5,935
For a brochure on any of the above tours, or to be put on our mailing list to receive our quarterly newsletter Bon Voyage, please phone:
(02) 9290 3856 or 1300 799 887 (outside Sydney metrop.), fax: (02) 9290 3857, e-mail: [email protected]; www.alumnitravel.com.au
TA A S A R E V I E W V O L U M E 1 7 N O. 4
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W H A T S O N : D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 8 F E BR U A R Y 2 0 0 9
A SELECTIVE ROUNDUP OF AUSTRALIAN EXHIBITIONS AND EVENTS
Compiled by Tina Burge
AUSTRALIA
NORTHERN TERRITORY
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The Golden Journey will coincide with a fullday Symposium on Japanese art and culture
on Saturday 7 March 2009, featuring local,
national and international expert speakers
focusing on the arts of the Meiji era.
Bookings can be made online at www.
artgallery.sa.gov.au/japan or call
(08) 8207 7050.
VICTORIA
The Cricket and the Dragon:
Animals in Asian Art
National Gallery of Victoria
International, Melbourne
17 October 2008 15 March 2009
Byzantium 3301453
Royal Academy of Art, London
25 October 2008 22 March 2009
UNITED KINGDOM
Masterpieces of Ukiyo-e
Victoria and Albert Museum
12 December 2008-15 March 2009
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