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    Reviving Religion: o o o o

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    matt
    This document provides an overview of religious and social developments in the United States during the early to mid-19th century. It discusses the decline of traditional churches, the rise of new religious movements like Unitarianism and Mormonism, the growth of education reforms led by figures like Horace Mann, the emergence of women's rights and temperance movements, and the beginnings of American literature and history writing. Overall, it describes a period of religious diversity and social change as new ideas challenged old traditions across many areas of American life and thought.

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    Reviving Religion: o o o o

    Uploaded by

    matt
    57 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of religious and social developments in the United States during the early to mid-19th century. It discusses the decline of traditional churches, the rise of new religious movements like Unitarianism and Mormonism, the growth of education reforms led by figures like Horace Mann, the emergence of women's rights and temperance movements, and the beginnings of American literature and history writing. Overall, it describes a period of religious diversity and social change as new ideas challenged old traditions across many areas of American life and thought.

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    10 Chapter 15

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    This document provides an overview of religious and social developments in the United States during the early to mid-19th century. It discusses the decline of traditional churches, the rise of new religious movements like Unitarianism and Mormonism, the growth of education reforms led by figures like Horace Mann, the emergence of women's rights and temperance movements, and the beginnings of American literature and history writing. Overall, it describes a period of religious diversity and social change as new ideas challenged old traditions across many areas of American life and thought.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    57 views4 pages

    Reviving Religion: o o o o

    Uploaded by

    matt
    This document provides an overview of religious and social developments in the United States during the early to mid-19th century. It discusses the decline of traditional churches, the rise of new religious movements like Unitarianism and Mormonism, the growth of education reforms led by figures like Horace Mann, the emergence of women's rights and temperance movements, and the beginnings of American literature and history writing. Overall, it describes a period of religious diversity and social change as new ideas challenged old traditions across many areas of American life and thought.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Michael Mancini

    Chapter 15 notes
    Reviving Religion
    Church attendance was high
    Many relied on Deism (reason rather revelation); Deism rejected
    original sin of man, denied Christs divinity but believed in a
    supreme being that created universe with an order, similar to a
    clockmaker.
    Unitarianism begins (New England). Appealed to the intellectuals, but not the common
    fold.
    Liberalism started in religion
    o
    Mass movement
    o
    the East went to the West to Christianize Indians
    o
    Peter Cartwright was best known of the circuit riders or traveling preachers
    o
    Charles Grandison Finney the revival preacher
    Denominational Diversity
    New York keeps puritanical roots
    Millerites predicted Christ to return to earth.
    The Awakening widened lines between classes the region (like 1st Great Awakening)
    conservatives were made up of: propertied Episcopalians, Presbyterians,
    Congregationalists, Unitarians
    the less-learned of the South the West (frontier areas) were usually Methodists or Baptists
    Religion further split with the issue of slaver
    A Desert Zion in Utah
    Joseph Smith (1830) claimed to have found golden tablets.
    Bringham Young second leader
    they grew quickly by birth and immigration from Europe
    they had a federal governor and marched to Utah when Young became governor
    Free School for a Free People
    Forded Public schools (prisons)
    American children are brats
    Free public education, triumphed in 1828 along with the voting power in the Jackson
    election
    Teachers were bad (he he Mr. Graham )
    Horace Mann fought for better schools and is the Father of Public Education
    school was too expensive for many community; blacks were mostly left out from
    education
    Important educators - Noah Webster (dictionary and Blueback Speller); William H.
    McGuffey McGuffeys Readers)
    Higher Goals for Higher Learning
    More small schools
    U cariolina was first public school
    University of Virginia shortly afterwards (UVA was to be independent of
    religion or politics)
    Evil women were not taught

    Emma Willard established Troy Female Seminary (1821) and Mount Holyoke
    Seminary (1837) was established by Mary Lyon
    An Age of Reform
    Reformers hate everything
    reformers were often optimists who sought a perfect society
    Dorothea Dix fought for reform of the mentally insane
    Demon RumThe Old Deluder
    There were lots of drunks
    American temperance society formed
    Wanted prohibition (those fools)
    Women in Revolt
    Women stayed home
    gender differences increased sharply with different economic roles
    Women were considered weak
    Men were considered strong
    Women dislike slavery
    the womens movement was led by Lucretia Mott, Susan B.
    Anthony , Elizabeth Candy Stanton, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell,
    Margaret Fuller, the Grimke sisters
    (anti-slavery advocates), and Amelia Bloomer (semi-short skirts)
    The Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention formed
    Slavery more important than womens rights
    Wilderness Utopias
    Robert Owen founded New Harmony,
    Brook Farm Massachusetts experiment where 20
    intellectuals committed to studies
    Oneida Community practiced free love, birth control,.
    Shakers no kids
    The Dawn of Scientific Achievement
    Americans hated science that didnt make money
    o
    Nathaniel Bowditch studied practical navigation and oceanography
    o
    Matthew Maury - ocean winds, currents
    Writers were concerned with basic science.
    The most influential U.S. scientists
    o
    Benjamin Silliman (1779-1864) - pioneer in chemistry geologist (taught in Yale)
    o
    Louis Agassiz (1807-1873) - served at Harvard, insisted on original research
    o
    Asa Gray (1810-1888) Harvard, was the Columbus of botany
    o
    John Audubon (1785-1851) painted birds with exact detail
    Medicine was dangerous
    Life expectancy was unsurprisingly low.
    Artistic Achievements
    Thomas Jefferson was only good architect
    Artists were viewed as a wasters of time; Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828) - painted
    Washington and competed with English artists

    Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827) painted geo-wash


    John Trumbull (1756-1843) - captured the Revolutionary War in paint in dramatic fashion
    Lots of nationalism
    The Blossoming of a National Literature
    Literature was imported or plagiarized from England
    Americans poured literature into practical outlets (i.e. The
    Federalist Papers, Common Sense (Paine), Ben Franklins
    Autobiography, Poor Richards Almanack)
    literature was reborn after the War of Independence and especially after War of 1812
    The Knickerbocker group in NY wrote the first truly American literature
    o
    Washington Irving (1783-1859) - 1st U.S. internationally recognized writings,
    The Sketch Book
    o
    James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) - 1st US novelist,
    Leatherstocking Tales (which included The Last of the Mohicans which
    was popular in Europe)
    o
    William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) Thanatopsis, the 1st high quality poetry in
    U.S.
    Trumpeters of Transcendentalism
    Literature largely transcendental
    transcendentalism clashed with John Locke (who argued knowledge
    came from reason); for transcendentalists, truth came not by
    observation alone, from with inner light
    Glowing Literary Lights (not associated with transcendentalism)
    Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - wrote poems
    John Greenleaf Whittier - poems
    James Russell Lowell - political satirist who wrote Biglow Papers
    Oliver Wendell Holmes - The Last Leaf
    Women writers
    o
    Louisa May Alcott - with transcendentalism wrote Little Women
    o
    Emily Dickinson wrote of the theme of nature in poems
    Southern literary figure William Gillmore Simms the cooper of the south; wrote many books of life in
    frontier South during the Revolutionary War
    Literary Individualists and Dissenters
    Edgar Allan Poe - wrote The Raven and many short stories
    reflections of Calvinist obsession with original sin and struggle between good & evil
    o
    Nathaniel Hawthorne - The Scarlet Letter (psychological effect of sin)
    o
    Herman Melville (Miss Fortmann)Moby Dick, and allegory between good and
    evil told of a whaling captain
    XVI. Portrayers of the Past
    George Bancroft founded the naval academy; published U.S.
    history book and was known as the Father of American
    History
    William H. Prescott - published on the conquest of Mexico, Peru
    Francis Parkman - published on the struggle between France and England in colonial
    North America

    Historians were all from New England because they had the most books. Therefore, there
    became an anti-South bias.

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