VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belgaum-590014, Karnataka.

INTERNSHIP PHASE I
Internship report Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Digital Electronics and Communication
2015

By
NAME Of STUDENT
SEMESTER
USN

: Divya Aynapure
: 3rd
: 1DS14LEC05

Department of Electronics & Communication

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore 560 078

Company Guide

: Mr.Vishwanath

Company Name

: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)

Topic Name

: Outdoor Network

Address

: Shankarpuram Telephone Exchange

Bull Temple Road, Basavangudi
Bangalore-560009

Website

: www.bsnl.co.in

COMPANY PROFILE:
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd is abbreviated as BSNL.It is formed in October, 2000, is World's
7th largest Telecommunications. It took over the business of providing telecom services and
network management from the Central Government Department of Telecom services (DTS)
and Telecom operations (DTO). Company providing comprehensive range of telecom
services in India: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier
service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Within a span of five years it
has become one of the largest public sector units in India.
BSNL has more than 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million Internet Customers
who access Internet through various modes viz. Dial-up, Leased Line, DIAS, and Account
Less Internet (CLI). BSNL has been adjudged as the NUMBER ONE ISP in the country.

BSNL has installed Quality Telecom network

in the country & now Focusing on

improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications
in villages &winning customers confidence.
Today it has about
20.1 Million GSM capacity garnering 24 percent of all mobile users as its subscribers.
That means that almost every fourth mobile user in the country has BSNL connection
4million WLL capacity
More than 37382 fixed telephone exchange
18000 BTS
287 satellite station
480196rkm of OFC cable
637730R km of Microwave network
Connecting 623 districts,7330 cities/towns & 5.8 lakh villages

BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that
provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the same Backbone and
Broadband Access Network. The company has vast experience in Planning, Installation,
network integration and Maintenance of Switching & Transmission Networks and also has a
world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute BSNL is the only service provider,
making focused efforts & planned Initiatives to bridge the rural-urban digital divide in IT

sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat the reach with its wide
network giving services in every nook &corner of the country and operates across India
except New Delhi &Mumbai whether it is inaccessible areas of siachen glacier or northEastern regions of the country .BSNL is numero Uno of India in all services in its licence
area. The company offers wide range & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suit
every customer. BSNL has about 90.9million cellular &5.06 million WLL customers has on
31.07.2011.3G Facility has been given to all 2g connections of BSNL. In basic services,
BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 24.85 million wire line phone subscribers i.e. is
71.39% share of wire line subscribers.
VISSION:
Be the leading telecom service provider in India with global presence
Create a customer focused organisation with excellence in customer care, sales and
marketing
Leverage technology to provide affordable and innovative telecom Services/Products
across customer segments.

WORKING PROFILE:
Equipment

which effects

interconnected of telephones

is

known as

switching

equipment. Basically it is a device or a system that connects one telephone line to another so
that 2 or more people can have a conversation over their respective telephones or so that your
computers modem can connect to a remote modem such as a remote modem owned by an
ISP (internet service provider) which in turn connects you to the internet The switching
centre, which houses the terminating and switching equipment is called telephone exchange.
EXCHANGE LAYOUT:
Typical exchange consists of:
Switch Room
Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room
Input Output processor (IOP) Room
Power Plant Room
Battery Room
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room

Im currently doing my internship on the outdoor Network section where I would be

studying about
Number of connections working
Number of pillars with capacity
Total IG and OG
Pillar wise number of connections working
Telephone routing from pillar to MDF room, Different forms of providing connections to
customers Ex: through pillar, OFC cables, RSU (remote switching unit),DLC ,Various types
of testing conducted before providing the new subscriber lines, and fault detection in the
already existing lines, Various types of modem configurations and tracing and rectifying the
different types of errors in the broadband connections.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig: Illustrate the connection from telephone exchange to subscribers office

From the subscribers house wiring, the line is brought on overhead wires to a point called
distribution point (DP). From the DP, the pairs are extended to the exchange through
underground distribution cables, secondary cables and primary cables. At the exchange are
brought through underground cables to cable chamber. In the cable chambers, they are
jointed to PVC cables for terminating at MDF. This frame incorporates protecting devices
and provides for a flexible arrangement for connecting subscribers lines to exchange
equipments. The switching centre, which houses the terminating and switching equipment is
called telephone exchange.

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME:

To connect switch (exchange) with the external environment (subscriber) i.e. it is the
interface between subscribers and exchange. The switching equipment, common to all the
subscribers of the area is located in an exchange. To make possible for a subscriber to
communicate with remaining subscribers, telephone of each and every subscriber must be
connected to the exchange. The function of MDF is to provide a means for connecting side
is terminated at OCB where the switching take place. From OCB, through PCM connected to

various sections like WLL, TAX etc.The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It is
also known as Fault Remove Section.
CONSTRUCTION OF M.D.F:Main distribution frame is mainly divided in two parts.
(1) Vertical Side or Line side.
(2) LEN side or Exchange side.
Vertical Side or Line side:
All the part from vertical side to the subscriber is generally called outdoor section.
1. One Vertical has 10 tag blocks.
2. Each Tag block has 10 rows
3. Each Row has 10 tags.
So finally, each tag block has 100 tags.
4. Connection between vertical side & subscribers are provided by Jelly filled cables.
5. These wires are first terminated in Cabinet box, then according to requirements the group
of the wires (e.g. 200 wires, 100 wires etc.) is terminated in Pillar box.
LEN side or Exchange side:
All the parts from LEN to the exchange are called Indoor section. The connection of
subscriber from exchange is terminated on this side of MDF.
1. In 1 Tag block there are 128 tags.
2. Each tag block is divided in 4 Segments. That is 0, 1, 2 & 3 and in each segments.
ADDRESS SCHEME :
MDF has many tag blocks of 100 and that numbered from 1 to 100.
In a tag block, there are 128 pair wire theoretically. Therefore, total number of connecting
wires is 1024 theoretically. But in practical, there are only 1000 pairs.

For equipment side: From ground, a single pair of 400 wires originates, which is divided in 4
pairs of 100 wires. Practically, each pair is provided with 102 wires. These exact 2 wires are
used in case of any manufacturing defect.
For broadband connections, different colour tag blocks are provided. Broadband is used to
provide different facilities on land-line phones with high speed to access them. A grey colour
tag block is used for line side while yellow colour tag block is used on equipment
side. These tag blocks has 0 to 47 pairs.
In order to know the centre load point: Cabinet and pillar are provided with capacity as per
requirement. The D.P. box is provided with 10 or 20 or 5 pairs. Now a days, a D.P. box of 5
pairs is used which is wall mount instead of being mounted on pole.
To identify any telephone, we require the following two addresses:1. Exchange/line address
2. Equipment address
Exchange address is written in given manner:
Vertical number--Tag block number--Pair number
For example 7-5-15
Here, Vertical no.=7
Tag block no.=5
Pair no.=15
This gives the address of a telephone in the exchange.
Equipment address is given as:Rack number-Tag block number-pair number
For example7-6-87
Here, Rack no.=7
Tag block no.=6

Pair no.=87
This gives the information about the actual location of telephone equipment. This address is
provided to lineman for repairing, in case of any fault.

Fig: illustrate 100 pair MDF

PILLAR: The pillar consists of the incoming sections and the outgoing sections MDFs
cable wires from the exchange reach the incoming mdf and through outgoing mdf connection
is passed to the DP to provide connection to subscribers.

Fig: illustrate IC &OG mdfs in pillar

DISTRIBUTION PILLAR (POINT):

Distribution Point" (DP) and consists of multiple pairs of copper wires. It may pass through a
Secondary Connection Point telecoms cabinet, sometimes known as Pillars, en route to the
DP(s).

SUBSCRIBERS HOUSE WIRING :

PVC aluminium twin wire 1or1.12 mm is used for wiring at subscribers house. Protective
devices are not necessary at the subscribers premises as per present standards.

UNDERGROUND CABLES:
The underground cables laid at a depth to 2.5 feet below the ground level connect the DP post
to the exchange MDF. The cabinets and pillars included in the cable network provide flexible
arrangement of interconnection between various sizes of cables.
The MDF is properly earthed for the protection of the equipment. The external pairs are area
wise terminated on the line side of the frame, while connection from the equipment is done
on the exchange side in a numerical order. By interconnections at this frame with the help of
jumper wires, any subscriber in any area can be given any exchange number. This MDF
mounts Delay Fuses

MODEM CONFIGURATION STEPS TO ENABLE WI-FI

Fig. Configuration of modem

CONFIGURATION STEPS:
1. First of all it is mandatory to set your IP as 192.168.1.1. To do this go to Network
Places Properties and set your Protocol IP to 192.168.1.1 and default gateway as
192.168.1.1.
2. Now open your browser and type URL http://192.168.1.1 and hit enter.
3. Now you will be prompted to enter ID and password to configure your ADSL BSNL
broadband Router/Modem. Enter User Name: admin and Password: admin.
4. Here Hit on Advanced Set Up and then EDIT over Service PPPoE.
5. No need to change ATM PVC Configuration hit Next.
6. Change Connection Type to PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) then hit Next.
7. Enter PPP Username and Password and Enter Service Name as your Wish. Dont
change any other setting. Click on Next.
8. Dont change any settings at Network Address Translation Settings. Click Next,
then Click SAVE.