Umts Cell Selection and Reselection

UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection
Contents
1 Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection ............................................................................................... 1
2 States and State Transitions in Idle Mode ................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Cell selection process overview ........................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Camped normally state overview ...................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Connected mode state overview........................................................................................................ 2
2.4 Any cell selection state overview ...................................................................................................... 3
2.5 Camped on any cell state overview ................................................................................................... 3
3 Cell Selection Process................................................................................................................................. 1
3.1 Initial cell selection ........................................................................................................................... 1
3.2 Stored Information cell selection ...................................................................................................... 1
3.3 Cell selection criteria ........................................................................................................................ 1
4 Rules of Cell Reselection Measurement ................................................................................................... 1
4.1 Measurement rules for cell re-selection when HCS is not used ........................................................ 1
4.2 High mobility state when HCS is not used ....................................................................................... 2
4.3 Measurement rules for cell re-selection when HCS is used .............................................................. 3
4.4 Measurement rules for inter-frequency and inter-RAT cell reselection when absolute priorities are
used ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.5 Highest ranked cells with cell reservations, access restrictions or unsuitable................................... 7
4.6 Rules of Cell Reselection Measurement for UE in CELL_FACH State ........................................... 8
4.7 Cell reselection criteria ..................................................................................................................... 8
4.8 Absolute priority based criteria for inter-frequency and inter-RAT cell reselection ....................... 14
1 Strategy of Cell Selection and

Reselection
Different types of measurements are used in different RATs and modes for the cell
selection and reselection.
The NAS can control the RAT(s) in which the cell selection should be performed, for
instance by indicating RAT(s) associated with the selected PLMN, and by maintaining
a list of forbidden registration area(s) and a list of NAS-specified service area in
priority order. The UE will select a suitable cell and the radio access mode based on
measurements and cell selection criteria.
In order to speed up the cell selection process, stored information for several RATs may
be available in the UE.
When camped on a cell, the UE will regularly search for a better cell according to the
cell reselection criteria. If a better cell is found, that cell is selected. The change of cell
may imply a change of RAT (that is, cell reselection between different systems).
For normal service, the UE has to camp on a suitable cell, tune to that cell's control
channel(s) so that the UE can:
Receive system information from the PLMN;
Receive registration area information from the PLMN, e.g., location area and
routing area; and
Identify to which service area as specified by NAS that the serving cell belongs.
Receive other AS and NAS Information;
Receive paging and notification messages from the PLMN; and
Initiate call setup for outgoing calls or other actions from the UE.
2 States and State Transitions in Idle Mode

Fig 2.1-1 shows the states and procedures of cell selection and reselection in Idle
Mode.
go here whenever a
new PLMN is
selected
cell information
stored for the PLMN
Stored
information
Cell Selection
no suitable
cell found
no cell information
stored for the PLMN
Initial
Cell Selection
no suitable cell found
suitable cell found
suitable cell found

no suitable
cell found
Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode
return to
idle mode
suitable
cell found
Camped
normally
NAS indicates that

registration on selected
PLMN is rejected
(except with cause #14
or #15 [5][16])
trigger
leave
idle mode
suitable
cell found
Connected
mode
Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process
no suitable
cell found
Any Cell
Selection
no acceptable cell found
go here
when no
USIM in
the UE
USIM inserted
acceptable
cell found
Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode
return to
idle mode
acceptable
cell found
Camped on
any cell
trigger
leave
idle mode
acceptable
cell found
Connected
mode
(Emergency
calls only)
Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process
Fig 2.1-1
suitable
cell found
no acceptable
cell found
Idle Mode Cell Selection and Reselection

1
In any state, a new PLMN selection causes an exit to number 1
2.1 Cell selection process overview

Whenever a PLMN has been selected by NAS, the UE will attempt to find a suitable
cell to camp on. The NAS may control the cell selection by:
Providing information on RAT(s) associated with the selected PLMN;
Maintaining lists of forbidden registration areas;
Providing a list of equivalent PLMNs.
One or several RATs may be associated with the selected PLMN. It depends on the UE
capability and PLMN plan.
If a suitable cell is found, the UE will select this cell to camp on, and report this event
to NAS so that the necessary NAS registration procedures can be performed. When the
registration is successful, the UE enters in state Camped normally in order to obtain
normal service.
2.2 Camped normally state overview

If after a Cell reselection evaluation process a better cell is found, the Cell reselection
procedure is performed. If no suitable cell is found, the UE will enter the state Any cell
selection.
When UE leaves idle mode in order to enter the state Connected mode, the UE shall
attempt to access the current serving cell. If the access attempt to the serving cell fails,
the UE will use the Cell reselection evaluation procedure.
2.3 Connected mode state overview

When returning to idle mode, the UE shall use the procedure Cell selection when
leaving connected mode in order to find a suitable cell to camp on and enter state
Camped normally. If a suitable cell is found, then the UE reports this event to NAS to
be capable to perform necessary NAS registration procedures. If no suitable cell is
found, the Stored information cell selection procedure will be used by the UE.
If no suitable cell is found in cell reselection evaluation process, the UE enters the state
Any cell selection.
2
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e Home tab to apply 1 to the text that you want to appear here.
2.4 Any cell selection state overview

The state Any cell selection is also entered if the NAS indicates that a location
registration is rejected or there is no SIM/USIM in the UE.
If an acceptable cell is found, the UE will inform the NAS and camp on this cell and
obtain limited service, state Camped on any cell.
2.5 Camped on any cell state overview

In this state the UE obtains limited service. The UE will regularly attempt to find a
suitable cell, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE. If a suitable cell is found,
this causes an exit to number 2 in Figure 3.
NOTE: The 'PLMN selection and reselection' process may select a new PLMN at any
time in idle mode, which in Figure 3 causes an exit to number 1.
3 Cell Selection Process

The UE will use one of the following two search procedures:
3.1 Initial cell selection

This procedure requires no prior knowledge of which RF channels are UTRA carriers.
The UE will scan all RF channels in the UTRA/GSM bands to find a suitable cell in the
chosen PLMN. On each carrier, the UE need only search for the strongest cell. Once a
suitable cell is found this cell shall be selected.
3.2 Stored Information cell selection

This procedure requires stored information of carrier frequencies and optionally also
information on cell parameters, e.g. scrambling codes, from previously received
measurement control information elements. Once the UE has found a suitable cell the
UE shall select it. If no suitable cell is found the Initial cell selection procedure will be
started.
3.3 Cell selection criteria

The cell selection criterion S is fulfilled when:
for FDD cells:
Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0
for TDD cells:
Srxlev > 0
Where,
Squal = Qqualmeas (Qqualmin + QqualminOffset)

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas (Qrxlevmin + QrxlevminOffset) Pcompensation
Qqualmeas: Measured cell quality value. Applicable only for FDD cells. The quality of
the received signal expressed in CPICH Ec/N0 (dB).
Qrxlevmeas: Measured cell RX level value. This is received signal, CPICH RSCP for
FDD cells (dBm), P-CCPCH RSCP for TDD cells (dBm) and RXLEV for GSM cells
(dBm).
Qqualmin: Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB). Applicable only for FDD
cells. (For serving cell: the parameter is indicated by Qqualmin; for neighbour cell with
absolute priority configuration, the parameter is indicated by QqualminFDD.)
Qrxlevmin: Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm). (For serving cell: If
DltaQRxLevMin
is
broadcast,
Qrxlevmin
=QrxLevMin+DltaQRxLevMin.
If
DltaQRxLevMin is not broadcast, Qrxlevmin +QRxLevMin. Whether to broadcast

DltaQRxLevMin or not is controlled by DltaQRxLevMinPr. For neighbor cell: In Idle
mode or SIB12 is not broadcast, if DtQrxLvMnSib11 is not broadcast, Qrxlevmin
=QrxLevMin. In Idle mode or SIB12 is not broadcast, if DtQrxLvMnSib11 is broadcast,
Qrxlevmin =QrxLevMin+DtQrxLvMnSib11. In connected mode and SIB12 is broadcast,
if DtQrxLvMnSib12 is not broadcast, Qrxlevmin =QRxLevMin. If DtQrxLvMnSib12 is
broadcast,
Qrxlevmin
=QrxLevMin+DtQrxLvMnSib12.
Whether
to
broadcast
DtQrxLvMnSib11 or not is controlled by DtQrxLvMnSib11Pr. Whether to broadcast

DtQrxLvMnSib12 or not is controlled by DtQrxLvMnSib12Pr. For neighbor cell with
absolute priority configuration, the parameters for UTRAN/GSM/EUTRAN are
independently indicated by QrxlevminFDD/QrxlevminGSM/QrxlevminEUTRA)
Notes: Whether to broadcast SIB12 is controlled by SIB12Ind
QqualminOffset(QqualminOffset): Offset to the signalled Qqualmin taken into account
in the Squal evaluation. The parameter is available only for FDD cells and SIB3.
Whether to broadcast QqualminOffset is controlled by parameter QqulmnOffstPre.
QrxlevminOffset(QrxlevminOffset): Offset to the signalled Qrxlevmin taken into
account in the Srxlev evaluation. The parameter is available only for SIB3. Whether to
broadcast QrxlevminOffset is controlled by parameter QrxlvmnOffstPre.
Pcompensation max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0)
UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH: Maximum TX power level MaxRACHTxPwr on RACH

(read in system information) (dBm) (for cells under the RNC, it is the max value of
MaxRACHTxPwr (Prach); for cells under other RNC, it is the value of
MaxRACHTxPwr (externalUtranCell)).
P_MAX: Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)
2
4 Rules of Cell Reselection Measurement

Different rules apply for cell reselection measurement when HCS is used and when
HCS is not used.
4.1 Measurement rules for cell re-selection when HCS is not used
When the serving cell does not use HCS (UseOfHCS(utranCell)), the measurement
rules for cell reselection are:
In the following rules, the UE uses Squal for FDD cells and Srxlev for TDD cells for
Sx:
1.
If Sx > SIntraSearch, UE may choose to not perform intra-frequency measurements.
If Sx <= Sintrasearch, UE performs intra-frequency measurements.
If Sintrasearch, is not sent, UE performs intra-frequency measurements. Whether to

broadcast Sintrasearch or not is controlled by SintrasearchPre.
2.
The UE may choose to not perform inter-frequency measurements when the

following conditions are satisfied:
MBMS preferred frequency layer is not configured (FreqPLInd), or MBMS

preferred frequency layer is configured but the current serving cell belongs to the
MBMS preferred frequency layer.
Sx> Sintersearch
If SsearchHCS is broadcast and Srxlev > SsearchHCS
The UE needs to perform inter-frequency measurements at least for the MBMS

preferred frequency layer when the following conditions are satisfied:
MBMS preferred frequency layer is configured and the current serving cell does
not belong to the MBMS preferred frequency layer.
Sx > Sintersearch
If SsearchHCS is broadcast and Srxlev > SsearchHCS.
The UE needs to perform inter-frequency measurements when any one of the following
conditions is satisfied:
Sx <= Sintersearch
IF SsearchHCS is broadcast and Srxlev <= SsearchHCS.
If SinterSearch is not broadcast, the UE performs inter-frequency measurement. Whether

to broadcast SinterSearch or not is controlled by SInterSearchPre.
3.
If Sx > SSearchRat, UE does not need to measure quality of inter-RAT neighbor cells.
If Sx <= SSearchRat, the UE performs inter-RAT cell quality measurement.
If SsearchRat is not broadcast, the UE performs inter-RAT neighbor cell quality

measurement. Whether to broadcast SsearchRat or not is controlled by
OtherRATInfoPre.
If HCS is not used and the UE receives SLimitRat, the UE will ignore the
parameter.
4.2 High mobility state when HCS is not used

In non-HCS environment, if the parameters NoHcsTCrMax, NoHcsNCr and
NoHcsTCrMaxHyst are sent on the system information broadcast, it is necessary to
start the UE high mobility state detection mechanism so that the cell reselection criteria
decision can be made with the reselection timer multiplied by the scaling factor or not.
If in non-HCS environment the number of cell reselections during time period
NoHcsTCRMax exceeds NoHcsNCr, or if the network (via RRC release, RB
re-configuration) has ordered the UE to consider itself to be in high-mobility state, then
high-mobility state is triggered.
When the number of cell reselections during time period NoHcsTCRMax no longer
exceeds NoHcsNCr, the UE will:
Continue in high-mobility state.
If the number of cell reselections during time period NoHcsTCRHyst does not
exceed NoHcsNCr and also the network does not order the UE to stay in
high-mobility state, then the UE exits high-mobility state.
4.3 Measurement rules for cell re-selection when HCS is used

When the serving cell uses HCS (UseOfHCS (utranCell) ), the measurement rules of
cell reselection are:
IF an MBMS PL (preferred layer) is used then,
If the UE is in HCS low mobility state, for serving cell and neighbour cells
belonging to the MBMS PL set the HCS priority = HcsPrio + HcsOffMbms.
If the UE is in HCS high mobility state, for serving cell and neighbour cells
belonging to the MBMS PL set the HCS priority = HcsPrio.
For serving cell and neighbour cells not belonging to the MBMS PL, set the HCS
priority = HcsPrio
IF an MBMS PL is not used, then HCS priority = HcsPrio
Where: HcsPrio is the parameters configured by cells. The HcsPrio of the current RNC
cell takes the value of HcsPrio (utranCell). The HcsPrio of the neighbor RNC cell takes
the value of HcsPrio (externalUtranCell). The HcsPrio of the GSM cell takes the value
of (externalGsmCell).
In the following rules, the UE uses Squal for FDD cells and Srxlev for TDD cells for
Sx:
1.
For intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurement rules for UEs not in

high-mobility
IF (Srxlev <= SsearchHCS) or (if FDD and Sx <= Sintersearch) THEN

<UE measure on all intra-frequency and inter-frequency cells.>
ELSE
IF (Sx > Sintrasearch) THEN
< UE measure on all intra-frequency and inter-frequency cells, which have higher
HCS priority level than the serving cell. >
ELSE
<UE measure on all intra-frequency and inter-frequency cells, which have equal
or higher HCS priority level than the serving cell >
ENDIF
3
IF Sintrasearch is not sent for the serving cell, THEN

<UE measure on all intra-frequency cells. Fast-moving UEs may also use this rule.
UE measure on all inter-frequency cells, which have higher HCS priority level than the
serving cell unless measurement rules for fast-moving UEs are triggered.>
ENDIF
ENDIF
Whether to broadcast Sintrasearch or not is controlled by SintraSearchPre.
If HCS(UseOfHCS (utranCell)) is used and if SsearchHCS or Sintersearch (FDD) is not sent
for the serving cell, UE will measure on all intra-frequency and inter-frequency cells.
Whether to broadcast SsearchHCS or not is controlled by SSearchHCSPre. Whether to
broadcast SinterSearch or not is controlled by SInterSearchPre.
2.
For intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurement rules for fast-moving UEs:
This measurement rule applies when the HCS is used and the UE is in fast-moving
state and also the UE receives the broadcast message of NoHcsTCrMax, NoHcsNCr
and NoHcsTCrMaxHyst.
If the number of cell reselections during time period TCrMax exceeds NCr, or if the
network (via signaling of RRC release, RB re-configuration) has ordered the UE to
consider itself in high mobility state, the UE is triggered to enter fast-moving state.
In this high-mobility state, UE will
IF(Srxlevs <= SsearchHCS) or (if FDD and Sx <= Sintersearch) or SsearchHCS or Sintersearch (FDD)
are not sent, THEN
<UE measure on all intra-frequency and inter-frequency cells.>
ELSE
<UE measure intra-frequency and inter-frequency neighbour cells, which have equal or
lower HCS priority than serving cell. >
ENDIF
When the number of cell reselections during time period TCRmax no longer exceeds
NCr, the UE will:
UE continues in high-mobility state.
If the number of cell reselections during time period TCrmaxHyst does not exceed
NCr and also the network does not order the UE to stay in high-mobility state,
then the UE exits high-mobility state.
When serving cell belongs to a hierarchical cell structure, the UE will follow these
rules for Inter-RAT measurements:
The UE uses Squal for FDD cells and Srxlev for TDD cells for Sx in the following
rules.
3.
Inter-system threshold-based measurement rules for UEs not in high-mobility
IF (Srxlevs <= SHCSRat) or (if FDD and Squal <= SSearchRat) THEN
<UE measure on all neighbour cells of other RAT >
ELSE
IF (Sx > SLimitRat) THEN
<UE may choose not to perform inter-RAT measurement>
ELSE
< UE measure on all neighbour cells between systems, which have equal or higher
HCS priority level than the serving cell. >
ENDIF
ENDIF
If HCS is used and if SHCSRat is not sent for the serving cell, the UE will measure on
all inter-RAT cells. Whether to broadcast SHCSRat or not is controlled by
SHCSRatPre.
4.
Inter-system measurement rules for fast-moving UEs
If the number of cell reselections during time period TCrMax exceeds NCr, or if the
network (via signaling of RRC release, RB re-configuration) has ordered the UE to
consider itself in high mobility state, the UE is triggered to enter fast-moving state.
In this high-mobility state, UE will
IF (Srxlev <= SHCSRat) or (if FDD and Squal <= SSearchRat), or SHCSRat or SsearchRat are not
sent, THEN
< UE measure on all intra-system cells >
5
ELSE
< UE measure inter-RAT neighbour cells, which have equal or lower HCS priority than
serving cell. >
ENDIF
Remarks: Whether to broadcast SHCSRat or not is controlled by SHCSRatPre. Whether to
broadcast SsearchRat or not is controlled by OtherRATInfoPre.
When the number of cell reselections during time period TCRmax no longer exceeds
NCr, the UE will
Continues in high-mobility state.
If the number of cell reselections during time period TCrmaxHyst does not exceed
NCr and also the network does not order the UE to stay in high-mobility state,
then the UE exits high-mobility state.
4.4 Measurement rules for inter-frequency and inter-RAT cell

reselection when absolute priorities are used
If the UE has received absolute priority information for inter-frequency layers
(AbsPriReselSwch(utranCell)), the UE shall follow these rules:
The UE shall perform measurements of inter-frequency layers with a priority
higher than the priority of the current serving layer.
For inter-frequency layers with a priority equal or lower than the priority of
the current serving layer:
-
If SrxlevServingCell>Sprioritysearch1 and SqualServingCell > Sprioritysearch2 the UE may

choose not to perform measurements of inter-frequency layers of equal or
lower priority.
If SrxlevServingCell<=Sprioritysearch1 or SqualServingCell<=Sprioritysearch2 the UE shall

perform measurements of inter-frequency layers of equal or lower priority.
The UE shall not perform measurements of inter-frequency layers for which

the UE has no absolute priority.
If the UE has received absolute priority information for inter-RAT layers
(AbsPriReselSwch(utranCell)), the UE shall follow these rules:
The UE shall perform measurements of inter-RAT layers with a priority

higher than the priority of the current serving cell.
For inter-RAT layers with a priority lower than the priority of the current
serving cell:
-
If SrxlevServingCell>Sprioritysearch1 and SqualServingCell>Sprioritysearch2 the UE may

choose not to perform measurements of inter-RAT layers of lower priority.
If SrxlevServingCell<=Sprioritysearch1 or SqualServingCell<=Sprioritysearch2 the UE shall

perform measurements of inter-RAT layers of lower priority.
The absolute priority of current serving cell: ServCelPriority;

The
absolute
priority
of
inter-frequency
layers
in
UTRAN:
UtranPriority[MAX_NUM_UTRAN_FREQ];
The
absolute
priority
of
inter-RAT
layers
in
EUTRAN:
EutranPriority[MAX_NUM_UTRAN_FREQ];
The
absolute
priority
of
inter-RAT
layers
in
GERAN:
GeranPriority[MAX_NUM_GERAN_CELL_GROUP].
4.5 Highest ranked cells with cell reservations, access restrictions

or unsuitable
Rank the cells according to cell reselection ranking criteria. The UE will detect whether
the highest ranked cells are with cell reservations, access restrictions or in other state
unsuitable for camping. If yes, the cells will be excluded from the candidate list for cell
reselection (This limitation is judged again when the highest ranked cell changes.).
If the highest ranked cell is an intra-frequency or inter-frequency cell which is not
suitable due to being part of the "list of forbidden LAs " or belonging to a PLMN
which is not indicated as being equivalent to the registered PLMN, the UE will not
consider this cell and other cells on the same frequency, as candidates for reselection
within 300s. If the UE has to perform an any cell selection procedure any limitation
will be removed.
If the highest ranked cell is an inter-RAT cell which is not suitable due to being part of
the "list of forbidden LAs " or belonging to a PLMN which is not indicated as being
equivalent to the registered PLMN, the UE will not consider this cell as a candidate for
7
reselection within 300s. If the UE has to perform an any cell selection procedure any
limitation will be removed.
4.6 Rules of Cell Reselection Measurement for UE in CELL_FACH

State
For UE in CELL_FACH state
If
parameter
UE
Inter-frequency
FDD
Measurement
Indicator
(FDDInterFMeasInd) is set to False, UE shall neither perform measurements

nor evaluate cell re-selection criteria on inter-frequency FDD cells.
If parameter UE Inter-RAT Measurement Indicator (InterRatMIndPre) is set to

False, UE shall not perform Inter-RAT Measurement.
If
parameter
UE
(FDDInterFMeasInd)
Inter-frequency
or
UE
FDD
Measurement
Indicator
Inter-RAT
Measurement
Indicator
(InterRatMIndPre) is set to True, UE shall perform Inter-frequency or

Inter-RAT Measurement only in FACH measurement occasion, other occasion
shall be
used to transmit user data. The FACH measurement occasion is decided
by parameter FACH Measurement Occasion Cycle Length Coefficient

(FachMeasK) which is described in 3gpp 25.331 FACH measurement occasion
info.
4.7 Cell reselection criteria

The following cell re-selection criteria are used for intra-frequency cells,
inter-frequency cells if no absolute priority information for any inter-frequency layer is
available to the UE, and inter-RAT cells if no absolute priority information for any
inter-RAT layer is available to the UE for that RAT. For inter-frequency and inter-RAT
layers in a RAT for which absolute priorities are defined.
If the serving cell uses the HCS (UseOfHCS (utranCell)) structure, the following cell
reselection rule H is used for quality ranking in cell reselection.
Hs = Qmeas,s - Qhcss
Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn * Ln
If the cell does not use the HCS structure, the following cell reselection rule R is used
for quality ranking in cell reselection.
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts + Qoffmbms

Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n + Qoffmbms - TOn * (1 Ln)
Where,
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)
Ln = 0
Ln = 1
if HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs
if HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs
W(x) = 0
W(x) = 1
for x < 0
for x >= 0
Qmeas,s: Quality measurement result of serving cell.

Connected mode: When SIB4 is not broadcast, the parameter values are taken as in the
case of Idle mode; when SIB4 is broadcast, the value of QHcsEcNo (SIB4) is taken if
Ec/No is used as the quality measure, and the value of QHcsRSCP (SIB4) is taken if
RSCP is used as the quality measure.} Whether to broadcast SIB4 is controlled by
SIB4Ind. Whether Ec/No or RSCP is used as the quality measure is controlled by
QualMeas.
Qmeas,n: Quality measurement result of neighbor cell.
Qhcs,n: This specifies the quality threshold levels of neighbor cells for applying
prioritised hierarchical HCS cell re-selection (Idle mode: If Ec/No is used as the quality
measure, the value of QhcsEcN0Sib11 is taken; if RSCP is used as the quality measure,
the value of QhcsRscpSib11 is taken. Connected mode: When SIB12 is not broadcast,
the parameter values are taken as in the case of Idle mode; when SIB12 is broadcast,
the value of QhcsEcN0Sib12 is taken if Ec/No is used as the quality measure, and the
value of QhcsRscpSib12 is taken if RSCP is used as the quality measure. Whether to
broadcast SIB12 is controlled by SIB12Ind
Connected mode: When SIB4 is not broadcast, the parameter values are taken as in the
case of Idle mode; when SIB4 is broadcast, the value of QHyst1SPch is taken if RSCP
is used as the URA_PCH state reselection quality measure, and the value of
9
QHyst2SFach is taken if Ec/No is used as the CELL_FACH state reselection quality

measure. Whether to broadcast SIB4 is controlled by SIB4Ind.
Qoffmbms: This specifies the offset added to cells belonging to the MBMS PL when a
decision of HCS cell R reselection rule is being made.
Connected mode: When SIB12 is not broadcast, the parameter values are taken as in
the case of Idle mode; when SIB12 is broadcast, the value of Qoffset1SNSib12 is taken
if RSCP is used as the reselection quality measure, and the value of Qoffset2SNSib12 is
taken if Ec/No is used as the reselection quality measure. Whether SIB12 is broadcast
controlled by SIB12Ind
Tn: The timer used after cell reselection. The rules to start Tn are as follows:
Tn is implemented for each neighbour cell. Tn will be started from zero when one
of the following conditions becomes true:
If HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs and
Qmeas,n > Qhcsn
or
If HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs and
-
for serving FDD and neighbour FDD cells if the quality measure for cell selection
and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP in the serving cell, and Qmeas,n > Qmeas,s +
Qoffset1s,n
or
-
for serving FDD and neighbour FDD cells if the quality measure for cell selection
and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No in the serving cell, and Qmeas,n > Qmeas,s +
Qoffset2s,n
or
-
for all other serving and neighbour cells:

Qmeas,n > Qmeas,s + Qoffset1s,n
Tn for the associated cell will be stopped as soon as any of the above conditions
are no longer fulfilled.. Any value calculated for TOn is valid only if the associated
timer Tn is still running otherwise TOn will be set to zero.
At cell-reselection, a timer Tn is stopped only if the corresponding cell is not a

neighbour cell of the new serving cell, or if the criteria given above for starting
10
timer Tn for the corresponding cell is no longer fulfilled with the parameters of the
new serving cell. On cell re-selection, timer Tn will be continued to be run for the
corresponding cells but the criteria given above will be evaluated with parameters
broadcast in the new serving cell if the corresponding cells are neighbours of the
new serving cell.
Connected mode: When SIB12 is not broadcast, the parameter values are taken as in
the case of Idle mode; when SIB12 is broadcast, the value of TempOffset1Sib12 is
taken if RSCP is used as the reselection quality measure and the value of
TempOffset2Sib12 is taken if Ec/No is used as the reselection quality measure. Whether
to broadcast SIB12 is controlled by SIB12Ind)}. If HCS (UseOfHCS (utranCell) ) is
used, TEMP_OFFSETn is used to calculate TOn. If HCS (UseOfHCS (utranCell) ) is
not used, TEMP_OFFSETn is not applied when calculating Rn.
HCS_PRIOn: This specifies the HCS priority level for neighbour cells (non-HCS cell:
The HcsPrio of the current RNC cell takes the value of HcsPrio(utranCell). The
HcsPrio of the neighbor RNC cell takes the value of HcsPrio (externalUtranCell). The
HcsPrio of the GSM cell takes the value of HcsPrio (externalGsmCell). If not
configured, it is 0 default. For value of HCS cells, refer to Value of HCS Priority in
Cell reselection measurement rule when the hierarchical cell structure (HCS) is used.
HCS_PRIOs: This specifies the HCS priority level for serving cell. (non-HCS cell: The
HcsPrio of the current RNC cell takes the value of HcsPrio(utranCell). The HcsPrio of
the neighbor RNC cell takes the value of HcsPrio (externalUtranCell). The HcsPrio of
the GSM cell takes the value of HcsPrio (externalGsmCell). For value of HCS cells,
refer to Value of HCS Priority in Cell reselection measurement rule when the
hierarchical cell structure (HCS) is used.
The cell are ranked by quality according to the above defined R or H criteria using
CPICH RSCP (for FDD), P-CCPCH RSCP (for TDD) and the measurement result of
averaged received signal level (for GSM) as the calculation quantity of Qmeasn,
Qmeass, R or H. The best ranked cell is the cell with the highest R or H value.
For the cell selection and reselection parameters: Whether Qhcs, TCrmax, NCR and
TCrmaxHyst are configured is controlled by HcsSrvCelInfoPre. Whether the HCS-related
parameters
in
neighbor
cell
such
as
HCS_PRIO,
Qhcs,
Penalty_time,
Temporary_offset1 and Temporary_offset2 are configured is controlled by UseOfHCS

(utranRelation) and UseOfHCS (gsmRelation).
11
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, then the UE will perform cell
re-selection to that TDD or GSM cell and camps on the chosen cell.
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measurement for cell selection
and re-selection is set to CPICH RSCP, the UE will perform cell re-selection to that
FDD cell and and camps on the chosen cell (If this cell is found to be not suitable, the
UE will behave according to Highest ranked cells with cell reservations, access
restrictions or unsuitable for normal camping).
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and
re-selection is set to CPICH Ec/No, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the FDD
cells according to the R criteria specified above, but using the quality measure CPICH
Ec/No for deriving the Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and calculating the R values of the FDD cells
(If this cell is found to be not suitable, the UE will behave according to Highest
ranked cells with cell reservations, access restrictions or unsuitable for normal
camping).
In all cases, the UE will reselect the new cell, only if the following conditions are met:
The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval
Treselection according to the R or H criteria. If Treselections,PCH is provided in
SIB4, the URA_PCH state timer takes the value of TreselectionPch; if
Treselections,FACH is provided in SIB4, the CELL_FCH state timer takes the value
of TreselectionFach. For hierarchical cell structures when high mobility state has
not been detected, if according to the HCS rules the serving cell is not ranked then
all the ranked cells are considered to be better ranked than the serving cell. In case
the UE reselects a cell on an MBMS preferred frequency to receive an MBMS
service not available on the current frequency, the UE may reduce interval
TreselectionS, TreselectionS,
PCH
and TreselectionS,
FACH.
(Whether to configure
SIB4 is controlled by SIB4Ind).
More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.
The timers Treselection, TReselectionPch and TReselectionFach will be

multiplied by scaling factor if the following conditions are satisfied:
The high mobility state of cell is detected and "Speed dependent ScalingFactor
for_Treselection" (SpSf) is broadcast on system information (whether broadcast is
controlled
by
SpSfPre),
then
TreselectionS,
TReselectionPch
and
TReselectionFach will be multiplied by the scaling factor SpSf in intra-frequency

12
measurement and the result is the actually used TreselectionS, TReselectionPch

and TReselectionFach.
The high mobility state of cell is not detected and " Inter-Frequency ScalingFactor
for Treselection" (InterFreqSf) is broadcast on system information (whether
broadcast is controlled by InterFreqSfPre), then Treselection, TReselectionPch
and TReselectionFach will be multiplied by the scaling factor InterFreqSf in
inter-frequency measurement and the result is the actually used TreselectionS,
TReselectionPch and TReselectionFach.
for_Treselection" (SpSf) and "Inter-Frequency ScalingFactor
for Treselection
" (InterFreqSf) are broadcast on system information, then Treselection,

TReselectionPch and TReselectionFach will be multiplied by the scaling factors
SpSf and InterFreqSf in inter-frequency measurement and the result is the actually
used TreselectionS, TReselectionPch and TReselectionFach.
The high mobility state of cell is not detected and "Inter-RAT ScalingFactor for
Treselection" (InterRatSf) is broadcast on system information (whether broadcast
is controlled by InterRatSfPre), then Treselection, TReselectionPch and
TReselectionFach will be multiplied by the scaling factor InterRatSf in inter-RAT
measurement and the result is the actually used Treselection, TreselectionPch and
TReselectionFach.
for_Treselection" (SpSf) and "Inter-RAT ScalingFactor
for
Treselection
"
(InterRatSf) are broadcast on system information, then TreselectionS,

TReselectionPch and TReselectionFach will be multiplied by the scaling factors
SpSf and InterRatSf in inter-RAT measurement and the result is the actually used
Treselection, TReselectionPch and TReselectionFach.
In case scaling is applied to Treselection or TReselectionPch, the UE will round

up the Treselection or TReselectionPch after all scalings to the nearest second. In
case scaling is applied to TReselectionFach, the UE will round up the result after
all scalings to the nearest 0.2 seconds.
13
4.8 Absolute priority based

inter-RAT cell reselection
criteria
for
inter-frequency
and
Absolute priority based inter-frequency and inter-RAT cell reselection is controlled by

AbsPriReselSwch. When this switch is on, SIB 19 will be broadcast. RNC configures
related
frequency
information
(EutranInterFNum/DlEARFCN/AllowMeasBand/
GsmBandIndicator/GsmCellGroupNum/StartARFCN/UtranInterFNum/UtranUARFCN
), and serving cell priority (ServCelPriority), frequency priority (UtranPriority) and
other RAT priority (EutranPriority/ GeranPriority) to UE in SIB19.
In the above description, EutranInterFNum is the number of neighbor EUTRAN center
frequencies. DlEARFCN is the IE EARFCN of each EUTRAN center frequency,
which means the Downlink EUTRAN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number.
AllowMeasBand is the IE Measurement Bandwidth of each EUTRAN center
frequency. It indicates the number of resource blocks over which the UE could measure
in each EUTRAN frequency in idle mode. These parameters inform UE about the
information of EUTRAN network.
GsmCellGroupNum
is the Number of neighbor GSM Frequency Groups.
GsmBandIndicator is the IE Band Indicator of each GSM frequency group.

StartARFCN is the IE Starting ARFCN of each GSM frequency group. These
parameters inform UE about the information of GSM network.
UtranInterFNum is the number of neighboring UTRAN FDD Frequencies.
UtranUARFCN is the IE UARFCN of each UTRAN FDD Frequency. These
parameters inform UE about the information of UTRAN inter-frequency network.
The following criteria are used for inter-frequency cells if absolute priority information
for inter-frequency is available to the UE, and inter-RAT cells if absolute priority
information for inter-RAT is available to the UE.
If System Information Block 18 with UTRAN information is provided then the UE
shall apply inter-frequency priority rules below only to UTRAN cells of the selected
PLMN or equivalent PLMNs. If System Information Block 18 is not provided, or is
provided but contains no information for UTRAN, then the rules below apply for the
entire UTRAN RAT.
If System Information Block 18 with GERAN information is provided then the UE
shall apply the GERAN RAT priority rules below only to GERAN cells of the selected
PLMN or equivalent PLMNs. If System Information Block 18 is not provided, or is
14
provided but contains no information for GERAN, then the rules below apply for the
entire GERAN RAT.
If priority information is provided for any inter-frequency layers, cells belonging to
inter-frequency layers for which no priority or no threshold is assigned shall not be
considered for reselection.
If priority information is provided for any inter-RAT layers in a RAT, cells belonging to
layers in that RAT for which no priority or no threshold is assigned shall not be
considered for reselection.
If the UE has received absolute priority information for inter-frequency layers, the UE
shall follow these rules:
The UE shall perform measurements of inter-frequency layers with a priority

higher than the priority of the current serving layer.
For inter-frequency layers with a priority equal or lower than the priority of
the current serving layer:
If SrxlevServingCell > Sprioritysearch1 and SqualServingCell > Sprioritysearch2 the UE may

choose not to perform measurements of inter-frequency layers of equal or lower
priority.
If SrxlevServingCell <= Sprioritysearch1 or SqualServingCell <= Sprioritysearch2 the UE shall

perform measurements of inter-frequency layers of equal or lower priority.
If the UE has received absolute priority information for inter-RAT layers, the UE shall
follow these rules:
The UE shall perform measurements of inter-RAT layers with a priority higher

than the priority of the current serving cell.
For inter-RAT layers with a priority lower than the priority of the current serving
cell:
If SrxlevServingCell > Sprioritysearch1 and SqualServingCell > Sprioritysearch2 the UE may

choose not to perform measurements of inter-RAT layers of lower priority.
If SrxlevServingCell <= Sprioritysearch1 or SqualServingCell <= Sprioritysearch2 the UE shall

perform measurements of inter-RAT layers of lower priority.
Where,
15
Sprioritysearch1,,CPICH RSCP Measurement Trigger Threshold for Absolute Priority

Reselection Criteria, SPrioritySearch1
Sprioritysearch2,, CPICH EcN0 Measurement Trigger Threshold for Absolute Priority
Reselection Criteria, SprioritySearch2
The following definitions apply
-
Criterion 1: the SrxlevnonServingCell,x of a cell on an evaluated higher absolute

priority is greater than Threshx,high during a time interval Treselection;
Criterion 2: SrxlevServingCell < Threshserving,low or SqualServingCell<0 and the

SrxlevnonServingCell,x of a inter-frequency cell on an evaluated equal absolute priority
layer is greater than Threshx,low during a time interval Treselection;
Criterion
3:
SrxlevServingCell<Threshserving,low
or
SqualServingCell<0
and
the
SrxlevnonServingCell,x of a cell on an evaluated lower absolute priority layer is greater

than Threshx,low during a time interval Treselection;
where,
Threshx,high, an Srxlev based threshold used by the UE for cell reslection towards a
higher
absolute
priority
layer.
For
UtranHighThresh[MAX_NUM_UTRAN_FREQ];
UTRAN,
for
EutranHighThresh[MAX_NUM_EUTRAN_FREQ];
for
it
is
EUTRAN,
it
is
GERAN,
it
is
GeranHighThresh[MAX_NUM_GERAN_CELL_GROUP].
Threshx,low, an Srxlev based threshold used by the UE for cell reselection towards an
equal
or
lower
absolute
priority
layer.
UtranLowThresh[MAX_NUM_UTRAN_FREQ];
EutranLowThresh[MAX_NUM_EUTRAN_FREQ];
For
for
for
UTRAN,
it
is
EUTRAN,
it
is
GERAN,
it
is
GeranLowThresh[MAX_NUM_GERAN_CELL_GROUP];
Threshserving,low, the limit for Srxlev in the serving cell below which the UE may
perform cell reselection to a cell on a lower absolute priority layer. ThreshServingLow
Cell reselection to a cell on a higher absolute priority layer than the camped frequency
shall be performed if criterion 1 is fulfilled.
Cell reselection to an inter-frequency cell on an equal absolute priority layer to the
camped frequency shall be performed if criterion 2 is fulfilled.
Cell reselection to a cell on a lower absolute priority layer than the camped frequency
16
shall be performed if criterion 3 is fulfilled.

If more than one cell meets the above criteria, the UE shall reselect the cell with the
highest SrxlevnonServingCell,x among the cells meeting the criteria on the highest absolute
priority layer.
The UE shall not perform cell reselection to cells for which the cell selection criterion
S is not fulfilled.
The UE shall not perform cell reselection until more than 1 second has elapsed since
the UE camped on the current serving cell.
SIB19 also broadcasts Qrxlevmin of UTRAN for Cell Reselection (QrxlevminFDD),
Qqualmin of UTRAN for Cell Reselection (QqualminFDD), Qrxlevmin of EUTRAN
for Cell Reselection (QrxlevminEUTRA) and Qrxlevmin of GSM for Cell Reselection
(QrxlevminGSM)
In all the above criteria the values of Treselections, Treselections,PCH or
Treselections,FACH apply for Treselection and are scaled according to the UE mobility
state and target RAT.
17

Umts Cell Selection and Reselection

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UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection

1 Strategy of Cell Selection and

Receive system information from the PLMN;

Receive other AS and NAS Information;

Receive paging and notification messages from the PLMN; and

2 States and State Transitions in Idle Mode

no suitable cell found

suitable cell found

suitable cell found

NAS indicates that

no acceptable cell found

Idle Mode Cell Selection and Reselection