TUTORIAL ARCGIS 10

Prepared by:
[name1]
[name2]

PT Citra Palu Minerals

2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ..............................................................................................................................
1. Preface ........................................................................................................................................
2. Component ArcGIS Desktop 10
3. Data Management - ArcCatalog
4. ArcMap Processing
5. Analysis Map View
6. Queries
7. Layouts

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

1.1 Definition of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Here are some definitions of GIS according to the experts:
1. According to Aronoff,1989.
GIS is an information system based on computer work enter, manage,
manipulate and analyze data and provide a description.
2. According to Burrough,1986.
GIS is a useful tool for the collection, accumulation, retrieval and display of
the desired data spatial data derived from the reality of the world.
3. According to Marbleetal,1983.
GIS is a system of spatial data handling.
4. According to Berry,1988.
GIS is an information system, internal reference, as well as the automation
of spatial data.
5. According to Calkin and Tomlinson, 1984.
GIS is a computerized system of critical data.
In general definition of GIS is : "A component consisting of hardware,
software, geographic data and human resources that work together effectively to
input, store, repair, update, manage, manipulate, integrate, analyze and present data
in a geographic-based information".
According to John E. Harmon, Steven J. Anderson. 2003, detailed GIS can be
operated with the following components:
1. User

: M Covering users who operate, develop even benefit from the

system.
2. Method

: Is a procedure used to process data into information. For example

summation, classification, rotation, geometry correction, query,
overlay, buffer, jointable, etc.

3. Data

: Information needed and processed in the application.

Most data used in GIS is the spatial data is the data geographically
oriented, has a particular coordinate system as the basis and has
two important parts that make it different from other data, spatial
data and non-spatial data (attributes) are described by:

Spatial data, related to a geographic coordinates (latitude and

longitude) and the XYZ coordinates, including datum and
projection information. Or in the form of image (raster) which has

a certain value.
Non-spatial data (attribute) or non-spatial information is data form
of a table where the table contains information that the object in
the spatial data. Data are shaped tabular data that are integrated
with existing spatial data.

4. Software

: GIS software such as application programs

The software is used to perform the process of storing, analyzing,
visualizing data both spatial data and non-spatial. The software must
be contained in the GIS software components are:

Tools for inserting and manipulating data GIS

Data Base Management System (DBMS)

Tools to analyze the data

Tools to display the data and analysis results

There are many types of software that can be used to manage

geographic information system (GIS). For example ArcGIS, MapInfo,
AutoCAD, Global Mapper, Terra view, GeoServer, and its wide range
of other software. Selection of the use of the software depends on
the input and output are used. Here will be discussed further in
ArcGIS.
5. Hardware

: GIS hardware is the physical devices that is part of a computer

system that supports analysis of geography and mapping. GIS
hardware has the ability to provide images with high resolution and
speed as well as the supporting database operations with large
volumes of data quickly. GIS hardware consists of several parts to

enter the data, process the data, and print the results of the process.
Here is the division based process :

Input data: mouse, digitizer, scanner

Data processing: harddisk, processor, RAM, VGA Card

Output data: plotter, printer, screening.

In the following session, the GIS will always be associated with a systembased computer, although basically GIS can be done manually, GIS-based
computers will be very helpful when geographic data is large data (in number and
size) and consists of many themes of mutual be related.
GIS has the ability to connect various data at a given point on earth,
combine, analyze and finally map the results. The data will be processed in a GIS
spatial data that is a geographically oriented data and a location that has a particular
coordinate system, as a basic reference. So that the application of GIS can answer
some questions such as; location, condition, trends, patterns and modeling. Ability is
what distinguishes GIS from other information systems. It was explained at the
beginning that GIS is a unified system consisting of various components, not just the
computer hardware along with the software alone but should be available geographic
data that correctly and human resources to carry out its role in formulating and
analyzing issues that determine the success of GIS.
1.2 Spatial Data
Most of the data will be handled in a GIS is spatial data that is a data
geographically oriented, has a coordinate system specified as a basic reference and
has two important parts that make it different from other data, the location
information (spatial) and descriptive information (attribute) that described below:
1. The location information (spatial), corresponds to a coordinates, geographic
coordinates (latitude and longitude) and the XYZ coordinates, including datum
and projection information.

2. Descriptive information (attributes) or non-spatial information, a location that has

some information related to, for example: the type of vegetation, population,
area, zip code, and etc.
1.2.1 Spatial Data Formats
In a simple format in a computer language and code storage means form
different data between files with one another. In GIS, spatial data can be represented
in two formats, namely:

a) Raster Data
Raster data (also called grid cells) is data generated from remote sensing
system. On flat aster, geographic object is represented as a grid cell structure
called a pixel (picture element). In the raster data, resolution (visual
definition) depends on the size of its pixels. In other words, the pixel
resolution depict actual size on the earth's surface represented by each pixel
in the image. The smaller size of the Earth's surface are represented by a
single cell, the higher resolution. Excellent raster data to represent the
boundaries are changed gradually, such as soil type, soil moisture,
vegetation, soil temperature and etc.. The main limitation of raster data is the
large size of the file; the higher the resolution of the grid the larger the file
size and is highly dependent on the available hardware capacity.

Figure 1. Difference Raster and Vector Data

b) Vector Data
Vector data is the shape of the earth are represented in the collection line,
area (the area bounded by a line which starts and ends at the same point),
point and nodes. (a point of intersection between the two lines). The main
advantage of vector data format is the accuracy in representing point
features, limitations and straight lines. This is very useful for analysis that
requires precision positioning, for example on the basis of data cadastral
boundaries. Examples of other use is to define the spatial relationship of
some features. The main weakness of vector data is the inability to
accommodate gradual change.
Each data format has advantages and disadvantages. Selection of data
format used depends on the intended use, the available data, the volume of data
generated, the desired accuracy, and ease of analysis. Vector data is relatively more
economical in terms of file size and precision in the location, but it is very difficult to
use in computational mathematics. While the raster data typically requires storage
space larger files and lower precision location, but easier to use mathematically.

CHAPTER II
ARCGIS COMPONENTS
Since late 1990, the software application of geographic information system
(GIS) has grown rapidly with the presence of new products oriented far ahead. One
of the most prominent and popular products since the mid-2000 adalag ArcGIS with
Geodatabase. Unlike most other GIS born in the 1980. ArcGIS is a fairly large GIS.
GIS provides a framework for implementing such scalable GIS application. ArcGIS is
an integration of software products with the aim of building a complete GIS system.
Developers designing such a way that ArcGIS consists of a framework that is ready
to evolve to facilitate the making of GIS applications according to user needs
2.1 ArcMap

Figure 2.1 Display on Desktop ArcMap

ArcMap is the central application ArcGIS desktop devoted to needs-based

digital maps as well as cartographic, map analysis, and editing. ArcMap is a

comprehensive map maker application. In operation, ArcMap offers two types of

map-view: view of geographic data and view the data layout. In the first type of view,
ArcMap facilitate the users to work with geographic layers to provide symbols,
analyzed, compiled into a GIS dataset. Type of view this is a window in which the
dataset (layer) is raised within the spatial limits specified. While it, on the type of view
both, ArcMap provides the facility to work with map pages that contain map elements
(scale, legend, symbol of the north, and map reference), which also appear in the
type of view this latter, ArcMap is used to compose maps in the form of pages ready
to be printed or published.
2.2 ArcCatalog
ArcCatalog is an application that can help users to organize and manage all
spatial information; maps, globes, datasets, models, metadata, along with other
services. The application includes several tools that serve to :
a) Find and displaying spatial information.
b) Storing, display and manage metadata
c) Defining, export and import geodatabase data
models
d) Searching and find GIS data in both the local
computer network on the Internet.
e) Manage the GIS server; GIS

database

administrators typically use ArcCatalog as a

tool to define and develop the geodatabase.

Figure 2.2 ArcCatalog

2.3 ArcToolbox
Framework desktop ArcGIS geoprocessing functionality that provides a lot of
data is accomplished in several ways; 1. Through several dialog boxes that are
owned ArcToolbox as input for the Model Builder, 2. As the command line, or 3. As a
function of the script. The main part of geoprocessing framework include ArcToolbox
and ModelBuilder. ArcToolbox contains a collection of geoprocessing functions.
ArcToolbox to embed it into the ArcCatalog and ArcMap applications available level
of functionality ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo. The geoprocessing functions are:
a) Data management
Figure 2.3 Display of ArcToolbox

b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

Data Conversion
Processing of coverage
Analysis of the vector
Geocoding
Linear referencing
cartographic
Statistical analysis

CHAPTER III

Data Management ArcCatalog

3.1 Geodatabase
Geodatabase in ArcGIS 9.x becoming known Geodatabase is a relational
database that contains geographic information. Consists of a geodatabase feature
classes (spatial) and tables (non-spatial).
Feature Class is a collection of some of the features that have geometry and
the same attributes.
Feature classes in a geodatabase can be either single or individual features
and can also be arranged in a feature datasets. All feature datasets in a
geodatabase using the same coordinate system.
Domains are used to define the scope (range) and the area chosen (selected
area) of each type of information.
There are two database systems, namely Server-Geodatabase, and Personal
Geodatabase. Server-Geodatabase is a Relational Database Management System
(Oracle, SQL Server, DB2) and Personal Geodatabase using MS-Access data
system.
There are several things to consider in creating the geodatabase:
1.

Inventory of spatial data maps or anything that is made and the data or
feature class what is needed, will be very closely linked to population data and
also analysis of the data to be used

2.

Determination of the coordinate system, scale and tolerance that will be used

3.

Classification feature dataset to be displayed. This is to minimize double

feature classes contained in a feature dataset different

4.

Creating a preliminary design geodatabase, namely in the form of a data flow

graph, feature dataset to the feature class to reduce the possibility of errors in
the manufacture geodatabase and to create a geodatabase with a sleek and
effective data.

Geodatabase accommodate:
1.

Table -> save object non-spatial (tabular information), such as land owners
tables, tables of population, population density, etc.

2.

Feature Class > collection of spatial objects: points, lines, areas (polygons).
It could also save feature annotation, dimensions, route.

3.

Feature Dataset > place / location for a feature class that has the same
spatial reference. The dataset is necessary if the user wants to create a network
and topology.

4.

Relationship classes > set of mathematical relation between tables, feature

classes, or both. Supports integration between the data origin and destination
class.

5.

Geometrik Netwrok > special topological relations between points and lines
that are used for analysis in network system flow directly.

6.

Topologi > spatial relations between feature classes used to determine and
correct the error (error) spatial, such as parcels that overlap each other or are
not within the boundaries.

7.

Raster Dataset > grid data derived from various source formats (IMG,
JPEG, etc.)

8.

Raster Catalog > tables of raster data set

9.

Survey Dataset > to save the survey information and combine survey data
in the project and many projects into the project folder.

10.

Toolboxes > contains geoprocessing tools.

11.

Behaviour Rules > can be made to define the legal attributes, relations,
topology, connections.

Figure 3.1 With the geodatabase, a central location GIS data can be organized and stored in a uniform
format for easy access.

3.1.1 Shapefiles

Shapefile ESRI or commonly called shapefiles are common geospatial data

format for geographic information system software. Developed and arranged by
ESRI as a specification (almost) open for the interoperability of data between ESRI
and other software products.
A "shapefile" usually consists of a collection of files with extension "shp",
".shx", ".dbf", and other extensions on a same name (e.g, "the road. *"). Currently the
use, shapefile actually refer to is the extension ".shp", but this file is not complete
and requires other files.
Shapefile spatial geometry illustrated: point, line, and area. The geometry, for
example, can represent showerheads, rivers, and lakes. Each section has an
attribute that describes the attributes, such as the name of a river or temperature.
3.1.2 Layer
Layer is a mechanism used to display geographic datasets in ArcGIS,
ArcGlobe, ArcScene. Each layer reference and explain in more detail how a dataset
by using symbols and text labels. When adding a layer on the map, you specify the
symbol and labeling dataset property and set the map.
Each map, globe, or scene document in ArcGIS is a composite of several
layers. Layer is displayed in a certain order on the map, and the sequence can be
seen in the table of contents. Layer composed of multiple shapefile and image.
Shapefile in a layer and comes out the bottom will be displayed first, followed by a
shapefile thereon. Her ideal sequence from top to bottom that is a point (point), line
(line), and the last field (boundary).
Layer provides the main ways when working with geographic data in ArcGIS.
As an example:
1. You can either access the data attributes for the feature layers by opening the
layer attribute labels.
2. In any layer users can perform data editing and adding new features.

3. You can drag and drop layers enter data for analysis using geoprocessing
models and the results of the model can be seen as a new layer.
4. There are several toolbars that can work with a layer depends on the type of
layer.
3.1.3 Computer Aided Design ( CAD )
Computer Aided Design is a computer program to draw a product or part of a
product. Products that want to be described could be represented by lines and symbols
that have specific meanings. CAD drawings can be 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional
images.
Starting from the drawing board now replace the function of CAD software has
evolved and integrated with software CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) and CAM
(Computer Aided Manufacturing). Integration is possible because the CAD software is
now mostly an application of 3-dimensional images or commonly called solid modeling.
Solid models allow the user to visualize the components and the use that users make
realistically. In addition the model have properties such as mass, volume, center of
gravity, surface area etc. Its simple CAD is a program for drawing buildings, building both
man-made (artificial) and natural.

Figure 3.2 Display of CAD in AutoCAD

CHAPTER IV
ArcMap Develop
From the previous chapters explanation of what is meant Geographic
Information System (GIS) the purpose and benefits of GIS in their daily lives, as well
as devices used for preparing or making GIS data. Components and terms used in
building GIS. In this chapter it will be explained how to create a GIS with ArcGIS
applications primarily using ArcMap. Programs that are used are ArcGIS 10.1.
4.1 Activate ArcMap
After installing the program ArcGIS 10.1 on your PC or Laptop make sure all
applications of ArcGIS can open properly. Then to activate or open ArcMap order is
as the following: Start

All Programs

ArcGis

ArcMap

Figure 4.1 An example of the display on the current desktop will open ArcMap

Figure 4.2 Display dialog box "ArcMap

4.2 Setting the Map Unit, Display Unit and System Project Map
After successfully opening the the following ArcMap Its is set the unit map,
view, and project map that will be created.

Figure 4.3 Display the main ArcMap window on the desktop and part ArcMap

To display and any tools that you want to show in ArcMap can be done by
pointing the cursor gets empty on the toolbar and then click the right mouse button
so that it appears the type of tools that are provided ArcGIS in the manufacturing
process data. Tick the tools you want to use. There are many options that are
commonly used, namely Draw, Editor, Tool, Standard, and Layout.
Draw consists of tools for drawing, namely the select element, rotate, zoom
to the selected element, the type of drawing, text, edit vertices, font, font size, bold,
italic, underline, font color, fill color, line color, color markers.

Figure 4.4 Draw Tool

Editor is a tool to create, edit shapefiles and make the data attributes of the
shapefile and a few other editor functions
Figure 4.5 Editor tools

Figure 4.6 Standard tool and its parts.

Here are the essential icons in ArcMap

New map file, create a new map.
Open, open the project a previously created.
Save, save the project that has been done.
Print, to print the map has been created.
Cut, to move the feature that has been edited and selected.
Paste, to execute a feature that has been copied or cut.
Delete, to remove the feature.
Undo & Redo, to cancel the previous action or return action before
being canceled.
Add the data, to call data on layer.
Map Scale, to adjust the scale on the map.
Editor toolbar, to display the editor toolbar.
Zoom in, how to use by dragging the desired region to clarify the view on a
larger scale
Zoom out, it works the same as zoom in but the function to zoom the map in
a smaller scale.
Fix zoom out, zoom to display the map so that the wider region.

Fix zoom in, to zoom the map so that the areas covered narrower.
Full extents, to show you a map overall.
Pan, to move the map view.
Select feature, to choose feature.

Pointer, this tool called the select elements in ArcGIS because in addition to
be used to show the data, as well as to choose the element layer.
Information, to get information about a feature. The information displayed is
the data contained in the data attribute.
Measure, this tool is used to measure distances on the map.
Hyperlink, to connect the object to a document files such as pictures, movies
or websites.
Find, to find the location of an object or a part of the map.
Find to XY, to search for locations by XY..
Once understanding the parts of the next general ArcMap users will set the

map units, display units and the Map Projection. To set the map units, display units
and Map Projection can be done by: View
General

Data Frame Properties

Figure 4.7 Display View

Map units and display units is a unit of measurement used as the basis of
measurement or computation on the map. Determination of the type of folder units
and display units are used based coordinate system (Map Projection) is used. If the
coordinate system using Latitude and Longitude Map units used are Decimal
degrees and display units Decimal minute seconds. And if the coordinate system
used UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator), the map units are meters and meters of
display units as well. While the determination of map projection is based on the
needs of the desired map. In Indonesia, the coordinate system that is often used is
the Latitude and Longitude. For setting the coordinate system is: View

Data

Frame Properties a Coordinat system

If desired geodetic coordinate system Latitude and Longitude then chosen
Geographic coordinate system a World a WGS 1984 .
As for the selected UTM system projected coordinat system

UTM

WGS1984. WGS 1984 divided into two northern hemisphere (north equatorial region
/ North latitude) and the southern hemisphere (the southern region of the equatorial /
LS).
4.3 Adding data
After setting the map units and display units and the Map Projection. The
next is the call data / add data. Adding data can be done with some ways. The

simplest way is to press the icon

add data located on the toolbar. In the

dialog box to add data that appears, navigate to the directory where the file pointer
files are spatial layer. Select the data that you want and press the Add button.
Another way to call the existing data that is File

a Add data will show some kind of

data that can be added.

Add XY data is a way to add data that is still in the form of coordinate data in
a table fomat / excel become a data point that have the coordinates. File
data

Add

Add XY data. Then press browse select the data table that contains the

data XY the next Add data. X field filled with X data that is longitude / Longitude and
Y fields filled with data Y is latitude / Latitude. Z field filled elevation data (if it has
height data is useful when the data will be processed into 3D). Then select the
desired coordinate system. The data point will appear in the layer.

Figure 4.8 How to add the data through the File tool.

Figure 4.8 How to add XY data

4.4 Creating Spatial Data

Spatial data as discussed in the previous chapter is the data which has a
reference terrestrial space (GIS), wherein various attributes of data located in
different spatial units.
4.4.1

Digitizing Map
Digitization is the process of converting the geographic objects from analog

data into digital data. This analog data in the form of raster data. There are two
methods of digitized maps are: digitized using a digitizer and digitization onscreen.
That many do is digitized onscreen because it is easier to do without any additional
tools and more easily corrected if an error occurs.
4.4.2 Adding Image and Georeference
To start creating digitized maps, need to know how to add images and to
update the georeference in the image so that the image can be positioned according
to the data geographical.
To add image data in ArcMap can be done in the following way. Add data

select the desired data click Add. After the desired image appears, the next

step update georeference by activating the toolbar georeference. Click on the add
control points move the cursor to point that
known coordinates were right click and left together to enter the value XY point. Do
the same thing for some given point coordinates to minimize the difference value

shift. After entering the XY values cursor point georeferencing left click select update
georeferencing. further to see if users do have true add data C:\Program Files
(x86)\ArcGIS\Desktop10.1\ArcGlobeData

select continent, if the image has been

included in the map of the world means that the user has successfully update
georeferencing.
4.4.3

Creating a Layer or Shapefile

After studying further inserting raster images or the user will create a layer or

shapefiles. Creating new shapefile by opening ArcCatalog specify a location to store

data. Right-click on the desired storage location select new
a

dialog

box

Create

new

shapefile. Name the data as

wish, select the appropriate
feature type of data that you
to

make.

Point

for

a shapefile. Will pop up

ArcCatalog a Connect to Folder

Objective that ArcCatalog can access

existing data on PC

you
want

point,

polyline to a line, polygon for the field, multipoint to point

a very large number, multipatch to the field of 3D or
volume. The next step of determining the spatial
reference coordinate system. As has been covered
previously. There are a few things you should consider
in determining the coordinate system of each system
has

its

Figure 4.9 New Shapefile

advantages

and disadvantages of each. If you

want to do the calculations to allow for the calculation of length, area and volume of
an object then you should use the UTM system. The disadvantages when using
UTM system must know the object is entered located in the zone. As for the geodetic
coordinate system is universal no disadvantages in the system zones geodetic
system users can not perform calculations.
4.4.4

Editing Layer or Shapefile

After creating a new shapefile further editing or editing the shapefile. By

enabling the editor toolbar, click editor a The next start editing dialog box will appear
from start editing layer contains the name and description of the layer data frame is

the same as the spatial reference (coordinate system). Choose continue if you want
to continue and stop editing if you do not want the editing on the shapefile.

Figure 4.10 Start editing on toolbar editor

Once the editor has been active toolbar then click the Create Features
window to bring up the create features. After create features window will appear
which can be seen shapefile-editing and can add new features. Click shapefile which
will be editing will appear construction tools.

Figure 4.11 Create Features

provide options how to make a point, line, and polygon. Construction tools on the
point which is to make a point and the point at and line used to make points at the
end of the line. Construction tools to polyline / line is to create a line, rectangle to
create a line of square, circle to make a circular line, Ellipse to create an elliptical
outline, freehand to create a line that is made by hand. Construction tools for
polygon is to create a polygon, rectangle to create polygons rectangular, circle to
create a polygon-shaped circle, Ellipse to create a polygon-shaped ellipse, freehand
to create a polygon that is made by hand, auto complete polygon to create a polygon
from the polygon previously (Figure 4.12)..

Figure 4.12 Auto complete polygon

In the editor toolbar there are also some other tools such as:

Straight

segment is the default method to digitize the vertices of line or polygon features. A
vertex is placed each time you click, with the segments between vertices being
straight lines.

And point arc segment allows you to specify the start and

endpoints of the curve, then define a radius for the curve.

Trace helps you

create segments that follow along existing segments, right click on settings trace.
Edit vertex to view, select, and modify vertices and segments on the feature by
using vertex editing tools.

Reshape feature tool to create a line or polygon

feature selected above. This feature takes the form of a first feature cut last feature.
Cut polygon tool to cut the polygon with the help of a line.

Split which is

tool to cut the selected line into two features on the the desired location.

4.4.5

Adding Attribute Data

After making a feature or subsequent shapefile add attribute data on the

these features. By right clicking on the desired shapefile table of contents select
Open Attribute Table a Table Options a Add Field.

Currently add Field (addition of

an attribute column) should be
considered after a stop editing

Figure 4.13 Stages to create attribute data

There are some types of fields in the data attributes and have different
functions in data presentation. The following types of data fields that are used:
1. Numbers, for the numbers or numeric input data using Short integer, Long
integer, Float, Double.

Size
(Bytes)

Data type

Storable range

Applications

Short integer

-32,768 to 32,767

Numeric values without fractional

values within specific range; coded
values

Long integer

-2,147,483,648 to

Numeric values without fractional

2,147,483,647

values within specific range

Float (single-precision approximately

floating-point number) -3.4E38 to 1.2E38

Numeric values with fractional

values within specific range

Double (doubleapproximately
precision floating-point
-2.2E308 to 1.8E308
number)

Numeric values with fractional

values within specific range

Table 4.1 ArcGIS data types table

2. Text, to enter data using the type text field, either letters or numbers. This can
include street names, attribute properties, or other textual descriptions.
3. Dates, The date data type can store dates, times, or dates and times. The
default format in which the information is presented is mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss
and a specification of AM or PM. When you enter date fields in the table, they
will be converted to this format.
4.5 Symbols and Labels
After the spatial element in the appear, which are often arranged first is the
display order of layers. In principle all spatial elements can be seen, but sometimes
not visible due to overlap with each other. That requires the setting such a way that
one element does not cover other elements. Typically data is a polygon covering the
data points, lines or polygons smaller. Therefore, such elements placed above the
point followed the line and the last order is data polygon. To regulate his order simply
by dragging the desired layers and sliding it up and down as needed on the table of
content.
To Change the shape of the symbol, size and orientation according to the
wishes colors so it takes some steps. In principle, these steps are the same for each
type layer. However, the first will explain the steps on the symbol type of a point
which is:
1. In the table of contents select the desired layer and then double-click the
layer so that the Symbol dialog box appears Selector.

2. In the dialog box reviews their color, size, edit symbol, save as, reset, style
references.
3. Color to change the color as desired or condition, size for small to large
symbol.
4. Edit symbol to edit the existing symbol or create a new as desired.

Figure 4.14 Display symbol property editor

On the display the symbol property editor there are some parts there is a
preview (display the symbol of a point), the layer (elements constituent of the
symbol), the properties there are types and units, character marker consisting
of a font type, Subset, size, angle, color, offset. Mask is divided into some
parts, namely style and size. The style divided in two which is none (without
background) and halo (as background) is a measure of the size backround.
For the symbol on the layer type of line is basically the same with the symbol
point. But there is a little different. First steps as follows:
1. In the table of contents select the desired layer and then double-click the
layer so that the dialog box appears Symbol Selector.
2. In the dialog box contained color, size, edit symbol, save as, reset, style
references.
3. Color to change the color as desired or condition, size for small to large
symbol.

Figure 4.15 Display symbol property editor for the line

4. Edit symbol to edit the existing symbol or create a new. In the symbol
properties for the line editor is basically the same. Namely preview, layer,
properties, and cartographic line, templates, line properties. On cartographic
line for setting the color and thickness of the desired line. Template to create
a repeating pattern of lines. Line properties consist of offset and line
decorations.
For the symbol on layer type polygon basically the same as the symbol of a
point and line. But contained a little different as follows
1. In the table of contents select the desired layer and then double-click the
layer so that the dialog box appears Symbol Selector.
2. In the dialog box contained color, size, edit symbol, save as, reset, style
references.
3. Color to change the color as desired or condition, size for small to large
symbol. Outline width thickness of borders, the outline color from the
borders.
4. Edit symbol to edit the existing symbol or create a new. In the symbol
properties for the line editor is basically the same. Namely preview, layer,
properties, and picture fill, fill properties. At polygon users can create their
own symbol desired and save the .bmp format and display it on this ArcGIS.
By clicking on the picture fill to open the desired file, select the picture you

want to become a symbol and then open. Furthermore contained angle, scale
X, scale Y, forground color, background color, outline everything serves to
regulate the display of the symbol that was opened previously. While on the
fill properties for setting the offset and separation from the symbol

Figure 4.16 Display symbol property editor for the polygon

Label is the text or string that serves as a brief description of the spatial
element. This text comes from an attribute table field this layer. So before the label is
displayed together with spatial elements, the data values the corresponding need to
be prepared on the table attributes.
Steps to display the label on the data frame together with other elements
which is:
1. Displaying composition (size, symbol, and color) on the layer.
2. Select the label layer that will display in the table of contents and then right-click
context menu to appear.
3. In the context menu that appears, select the sub menu label feature, automatically
labels on the selected layer will appear. The label comes from the attributes /
fields of the default layer.
And to remove the label from the layer have been raised can be done in the
same way when attaching the label. That is by removing the check on the sub menu
label features. The sub menu acts as a toggle on / off the display element labels.

Figure 4.16 Display Layer and menu-related context

To make detailed labels can be done by opening the layer properties, by

double clicking on the selected layer. Then select labels will pop up a dialog box for
labels. In the dialog box that can do some things:
1. To display the labels of the layer is done by checking the checkbox
"Label features in this layer" method "label all the features the same
way.
2. To determine the color of the label can be done by clicking the color
until the dialog box choose colors available.
3. To determine the style label select the bold, italic, and underline.
4. To define the label font, select the desired font in the existing
combobox. The same for the font size select the size of the existing
combobox.
5. To determine the style label (a label with a particular style of writing
that can be modified) press the button Label style until to appear label
style selector dialog box. In the dialog box choose the desired style.
6. To determine the location the label from the position of the layer by
click placement properties, select the desired position and fit needs.

Figure 4.17 Display of the Layer Properties dialog box: Labels

CHAPTER V
QUERY
Query is a user-request, a kind of "demand" or "question" that is sent to a
system, DBMS, database, or database files to get the data (information) with terms,
conditions or criteria. With a query, a system (GIS which can also act as a system or
DBMS spatial) will browse through all the records in a table, layer, or entity-set
(feature-class) are associated and then select (SELECT) also provides a variety of
relevant information on request which implements the query form.
In general, the type of query can be grouped into two types of queriesthat is
[1] spatial query (query associated with aspects of positional or geometric spatial
element) to the operator: "intersect", "contain", "are within a distance of" "are
completely within", "are contained by" and the like; and [2] query non-spatial
(attribute) to the operator: "Like", "Or", "And", "Not", "Is", "%", "<", ">", "=", "> =", "<="
"()" and similar. However we, in practice that is widely used that is the query that is a
combination of both types. The query results are presented in two ways; [1] The
table attribute display (with the selected records are highlighted in the default color)
and [2] the spatial layer or feature-class (with a spatial element that is highlighted by
default color).

5.1 Query Non-Spasial (Atrribut)

Query non-spatial (attribute) is the selection of data based on non-spatial
data (attributes). This query is often called SQL (Sequenced Query Language). The
following steps by steps perform non-spatial query:
a) Displaying the layers in the data frame will be selected to be queried.
b) Use a main menu Selection a Select by Attributes, will display a dialog box
Select By Attributes
c) In the dialog box combobox "Layer" select the layer name that you want to query.
d) In the combobox "Method", choose one of the methods query. "Create a new
selection" (elements selected items is the result of the last election / new) "Add to
current selection" (selected items is the result of the last election / new plus
elements previously selected) "Remove from current selection" (selected items
are previously selected element is reduced by the last selected element) "Select
from current selection" (selected element is the element that previously selected
and must also be elected at the last query).
e) Double-click the field names contained in the listbox and combine with the key
logical operators (=, <>, "Like",>,> =, "And", <, <=, "Or", _,%, () "Not", "Is").

If the field is a text it is necessary to additional "" at the beginning and end of text
are queried. It should be noted that in the writing-query should be the same so
that the query can run. The use of "And" to slice and "Or" for the set.

Figure 5.1 Display dialog box Select by Attributes

f)

After creating a query formula then press the Verify button to make sure that the
formula that created is correct, if the formula created has been correct dialog box
will display "The expression was successfully verified".

If a dialog box display verify "The expression was successfully verified, but no
records were Returned". That is the text of the formula is correct but there is no
corresponding data of these conditions. "There was an error with the expression.

An invalid SQL statement was used "means the query is not the right formula.
g) After that press Ok
The query attribute can also be done in the following way:
a) Select the layer to be queried, right-click the layer that is on the table of contents.
b) Select Properties a Definition query a query builder. Will pop up a dialog box
query builder.
c) Then press Double-click the field names contained in the listbox and combine with
the key logical operators (=, <>, "Like",>,> =, "And", <, <=, "Or", _,%, (), "Not",
"Is").
d) When finished created formula query, click Verify to make sure the formula that
created the right or wrong.

If a dialog box displaying verify the expression was successfully verified ". Means
the formula is made properly and the data can be queried visible.. "The
expression was successfully verified, but no records were returned". That is the
text of the formula is correct but there is no corresponding data of these
conditions. "There was an error with the expression. An invalid SQL statement
was used "means the query is not the right formula.

5.2 Spatial Query

In addition to the attribute-based query / some non-spatial queries based on

spatial aspect, which is select by location. The following general steps to select by
location:
a) Displaying a spatial layer that you want to query the table of contents.
b) Use main menu Selection a select by Location.
c) It would display the dialog box "Select by Location". In the combobox "Selection
method" select destination election (query results); "Select features from"
(elements chosen is the result of the last election / new), "Add the currently
selected features in" (element chosen is the last elections / new elements
previously selected [if any]), "Remove from the currently selected features in"
(element selected is an element chosen previously reduced by an element
selected last / new), "Select from the currently selected features in" (element
selected the elements previously selected and also to be elected in the last
query / latest).
d) Next the listbox "Target Layer (s)" enable the appropriate checkbox located on
the left of the layer name that you want to query (target feature)
e) In the combobox "Source layer" select the layer that will be the selection
f)

indicator of the query.

In the combobox "Spatial selection method features the target layer (s)", select
the mode of operation or spatial query to be executed; [1] "Intersect", [2] "Are
within a distance of", [3] "Completely contain", [4] "Have Reviews their centroid
in", [5] "Share a line segment with", [6] "Touch the boundary of", [7] "Are
indentical to" [8] "Are crossed by the outline of", [9] "Contain", and [10] "Are

contained by".
g) Then press OK or Apply

Figure 5.2 Display dialog box "Select by Location"

Besides to the spatial query form of select by location, there is also a certain
distance on the terms of the spatial query on a layer that references the election.
Here are the steps that query:
a) Showing up a spatial layer in the table of contents that will be queried.
b) Choose a spatial element that will serve as a reference (source features); using
one of the methods elections, especially tool "Select Features".
c) On the main menu select Selection a select by Location.
d) In the dialog box Select by Location ". In the combobox "Selection method"
select destination election (query results).
e) Next in the listbox "Target Layer (s)" enable the appropriate checkbox located on
f)

the left of the layer name that you want to query (target feature)
In the combobox "Source layer" select the layer that will be the selection of a

reference query.
g) In the combobox Spatial selection method target layer features(s), elect the
mode of operation or spatial query to be executed.
h) Determine the desired distance and distance units
i) Next press OK or Apply
After doing his query results can be converted into a new layer and save it
into a new shapefile. Without removing the previous layer. Here are the steps that
can be done to create a new layer of previous data query results:
a) Right click on the layer that has been select by previous location.
b) Selection a create layer from selected features.
c) It would show that the new layer is the result of the previous query on the table
of contents.
d) Right Click the new layer select Data

Export Data. Dialog box will show

export data.
e) Click browse to the location of the new shapefile data storage, create and
change the name of a data type into shapefile.

f)

Next press OK or Apply.

Figure 5.2 Display dialog box Export Data

CHAPTER VI
Geo-Processing
In general, geoprocessing is processing or analysis of spatial elements. The
basic purpose is to facilitate the geoprocessing ArcGIS users to leverage automatic
facilities for spatial analysis. Spatial analysis consists of two that Analysist tools
(vector) and Spatial Anaysist Tool (raster). Which will be discussed in this chapter
Analysit tools (vector).
Analysis Tool obtainable in section Analysis Tool consists of several main
parts;

Extract, which consists of four functions: Clip, Select, Split, and Table Select
Overlay, consisting of Erase, Identity, Inter section, Symmetrical Difference,
Union and Update.
Proximity, consisting of Buffer, Multiple Ring Buffer, Near, and Point Distance.
Statistic composed of Frequency and Summary Statistics

6.1 Extract
6.1.1 Clip
Use this tool to cut out a piece of one feature class using one or more of the
features in another feature class as a cookie cutter. The steps are as follows:

Figure 6.1 Illustration of the clip

1. When the Input Features are polygons, the Clip Features must also be
polygons.
2. ArcToolbox

a Analysis tools a Extract a Clip. Double click on the

so that it will display a dialog box "clip" In Input Features press

the storage layer to be in-clip.

feature clip
to locate

Figure 6.2 Display dialog box Clip

3. In Clip Features press

to locate the storage layer that will be a cookie

cutter.
4. In Output Feature Class press

to determine the location of saved data has

been cut in the future.

5. Press the OK button.
6.1.2

Select
This function is Database Query (SQL) as the user has previously learned.

6.1.3

Split
For almost the same split command with command clip, but the difference is:
1. Data feature to clip his (split) should have a column in Table attribute. The Split
Field data type must be character.
2. The output is stored in the folder, and the result is a separate feature for each
split.

Figure 6.3 Illustration of Split

6.1.4

Select Table
Selects table records matching a Structured Query Language (SQL)

expression and writes them to an output table. Steps to function as follows:

a) ArcToolbox a Analysis tools a Extract a Table Select
b) Dialog box show "Select Table". Fill combobox "Input Table" layer that will be the
Select Table.
c) Input combobox Output Table where the layer that will be saved after the
"select Table"
d) Click SQL on the right side of Expression combobox to select the formula.
e) Press OK

Figure 6.3 Display dialog box Select Table

6.2 Overlay
6.2.1 Erase
Creates a feature class by overlaying the Input Features with the polygons of
the Erase Features. Only those portions of the input features falling outside the

erase features outside boundaries are copied to the output feature class. Commands
such as the Clip command.

Figure 6.4 Illustration Erase function

a) Klik ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a Overlay a Erase

b) Continue to select input Feature (the layer that you want to erase), than input
Erase Features

Figure 6.5 Dialog box Erase

c) When entering the layer will be automatically erase the output feature class will
be filled, if the user wants to save it in another folder, the user can press a
button
.
d) After determining the location of save data than press OK.

Figure 6.5. Examples of display before and after the "Erase"

6.2.2

Identity
The input features or portions thereof that overlap identity features will get the

attributes of those identity features. Commands such as the Split command:

Figure 6.6 Illustration of Identity

a) Enable function Identity on toolbox: ArcToolbox

AnalystTool

Overlay

Identity

Figure 6.7 Display dialog box Identity

b) Select Input Feature add layer to be in identity

c) Select Identity Features add layer
d) Input Output Feature Class the name and location of the file saved, then press
OK

Figure 6.8 Example of display before and after the "Identity"

6.2.3

Intersect
Intersect is used to combine two spatial data sets which intersect, only these

features are contained in a second layer extent this will be displayed. Attributes on
the second layer will also be combined with the new shapefile. This layer can be
input line or polygon, while the overlay layer must be of type polygon. The steps are
as follows:

Figure 6.9 Illustration of the "Intersect"

a) Enable function Intersect in toolbox: ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a Overlay a

Intersect
b) In dialog box Intersect, on combobox Input Features select data or layer to be
intersect.

Figure 6.8 Dialog box of the function Intersect

c) Coloumn Features input with additional layer to be intersect

d) On combobox Output Feature Class will be filled in automatically when the
e)

combobox input feature filled. If the user does not agree to change it manually.
Than press OK

6.2.4

Symmetrical Differrence
Features or portions of features in the input and update features that do not

overlap will be written to the output feature class.

Figure 6.9 Illustration of the function "Symmetrical Differrence"

a) Function Symmetrical Differrence the steps are the same as other overlay. The
input layer will be symmetrical difference in input Features

Figure 6.10 Display dialog box Symmetrical Difference

b) Select the layer to be symmetrical difference in the combobox "update features"

c) Output Feature Class will be filled in when filling out the input features, if users
d)

want to replace it can be done manually.

Press Ok

Figure 6.11 Example of display before and after the "symmetrical difference"

6.2.5

Union
Union functions used to create a new layer from the merger of two layers. All

features and their attributes will be written to the output feature class.

Figure 6.9 Illustration of the function "Union"

a)

Enable function Union pada toolbox yaitu: ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a Overlay

a Union
b) Input Feature select layer which would combine
c) Output Features Class will be filled in automatically after entering the input
feature layer, if the user wants to change the name and location of the data
storage users can manually change.
d) Press OK

Figure 6.10 The dialog box of the function "Union"

6.2.6

Update
The attributes and geometry of the input features are updated by the update

features in the output feature class.

Figure 6.11 Illustration of the function "Update"

Steps were also the same with other overlay. Input features, updates and
features output feature class.

Figure 6.12 Display dialog box of the function "Update"

6.3 Proximity
6.3.1 Buffer
Buffer is a function of proximity. Which serves to make the buffer layer or new
feature where a new feature of the perimeter that has to be a certain distance.

Figure 6.13 Illustration of the function "Buffer"

a) Enable function Union on toolbox: ArcToolbox

Buffer

Figure 6.14 Dialog box Buffer

AnalystTool

proximity

b) On combobox Input Feature select the layer that will be in the buffer.
c) Give the name and specify the location of data storage on the combobox
Output Feature Class
d) Combobox Distance Input the desired distance and the distance of the unit.
e) Then press OK

CHAPTER VII
SPATIAL ANALYSIS
As we know that spatial analysis is one technique or process that involves a
number of functions count and evaluation of mathematical logic performed on spatial
data in order to obtain extraction, value added or new information also spatial
aspects. Because such a broad scope, many topics that can be covered by it.
Similarly ArcGIS rich functions of spatial analysis.
In ArcGIS desktop-based, spatial analiyst an extension that provides powerful
tools and a complete modeling and analysis of spatial based mostly raster. In ArcGIS
desktop-based, spatial analiyst an extension that provides powerful tools and a
complete modeling and analysis of spatial raster based mostly. With the extension of
this one, ArcGIS users can also (1) reduce new information from existing data; (2) to
analyze spatial relationships; (3) establish a spatial model; (4) Operate complex
raster. However, as already mentioned, since the extension "Spatial Analyst" operate
by incorporating spatial data either raster or vector, then the initial phase, users need
to first prepare two types of data. Below are some examples of the use of the
functions contained in the Analysts extension "Spatial Analyst" embodied in the
toolbar "Spatial Analyst".
7.1 Conversion to Spatial Data Formats Raster

Implementation of spatial data elements are divided into several types, types,
or formats. Data spatial raster format ArcGIS is one of the most important. This
format is used as input and output by most spatial analysis of the extension "Spatial
Analyst" of ArcGIS. Therefore, the following are some of the conversion process is
required (assuming that the panel had raised the Toolbox window in ArcMap
application by pressing a button

) to convert various forms / data format (digital)

into a raster format ArcGIS spatial data

Figure 7. 1 Display Panel Arc Toolbox Conversion tools

ASCII to Raster
The steps necessary to convert ASCII data format (header plus matrix elements) to
raster is as follows::
1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools

a To Raster a ASCII to Raster until

dialog box show ASCII to Raster

2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located right on the right textbox

"Input ASCII raster files" to determine the name of the ASCII file.
A few seconds automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user does
not agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.

3) In the combobox "Output Data Type" choose the type of data that is the numeric
value of the presentation (matrix) contained in the ASCII file; integer or float
(real number)..
4) Then press OK
DEM to Raster
Steps required to convert spatial data formats DEM (Digital Elevation Model) USGS
format to raster as a follows:
1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools

To Raster

DEM to Raster

that dialog box show DEM to Raster.

2) In the dialog box press the open (

) which is located just on the right

textbox "Input USGS DEM file" to determine its DEM file name.

Moments automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user

does not agree with the default name, the user can switch it manually by
typing directly.
3) In the combobox "Output Data Type" choose the correct numeric data type
the percentage value (matrix) contained in the DEM file; integer or float (real
number).
4) Than press OK
Point to Raster
The steps necessary to convert spatial data (shapefiles) point type to a raster type is
as follows:
1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools

To Raster

Point to Raster

that dialog box show Point to Raster.

2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located just to the right of the

textbox "Input Features" to specify the file name of the spatial data
(shapefiles) containing the point in question features.

automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user does not

agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.
3) In the combobox "Field Value" choose a field whose value will be used as the
identity of the raster; for example field "ID" or "FID"
4) Then press OK

Polyline to Raster
Steps needed to convert spatial data (shapefiles) line type to raster is as follows:
1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools a To Raster a Polyline to Raster
that dialog box show Polyline to Raster.
2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located just to the right of the

textbox Input Features to specify the file name of the spatial data
(shapefiles) that contains a line that features intended.

automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user does not

agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.
3) In the combobox "Field Value" choose a field whose value will be used as the
identity of the raster; for example field "ID" or "FID"
4) Then press OK
Polygon to Raster
Steps needed to convert spatial data (shapefiles) polygon type to raster is as follows:
1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools a To Raster a Polygon to Raster
that dialog box show Polygon to Raster.
2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located just to the right of the

textbox Input Features to specify the file name of the spatial data
(shapefiles) that contains a line that features intended.

automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user does not

agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly..
3) In the combobox "Field Value" choose a field whose value will be used as the
identity of the raster; for example field "ID" or "FID"
4) Then press OK

Figure 7.2 Display dialog box Polygon to Raster

7.2 Conversion of Spatial Data Formats Raster

After discussing the conversion spatial data to raster, in this sub chapter will
discuss the conversion raster to spatial data. Assuming that ArcToolbox been show
in the application window.
Raster to ASCII
Steps needed to convert spatial data raster type to ASCII is as:
1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools

a Format Raster a Raster to ASCII

that dialog box show Raster to ASCII.

2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located on the right textbox

"Input Raster" to specify the file name of spatial data format raster to be
converted (TXT, JPG, etc.)

automatically textbox "Output Raster ASCII File" will be filled in, if the user does

not agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.
3) Then press OK
Raster to Point
Steps needed to convert spatial data raster type to point is as follows:

1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools

Format Raster

Raster to point

that dialog box show Raster to point.

2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located on the right textbox

"Input Raster" to specify the file name of spatial data format raster to be
converted (TXT, IMG, JPG, etc)

automatically textbox Output point will be filled, if the user does not agree

with the default name (shapefile / shp *), users can switch manually by typing
3)
4)

directly.
In the combobox "Field" select Value
Then press OK

Figure 7.3 Display dialog box Raster to Point

Raster to Polyline
Steps needed to convert spatial data raster type to polyline is as follows:

1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools

a Format Raster a Raster to polyline

that dialog box show Raster to polyline.

2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located on the right textbox

"Input Raster" to specify the file name of spatial data format raster to be
converted (TXT, IMG, JPG, etc)

automatically textbox Output point will be filled, if the user does not agree

with the default name (shapefile / shp *), users can switch manually by typing
directly.
3) In the combobox "Field" select Value
4) Then press OK

After the the conversion process is complete will show in the shapefile line

elements will be displayed on dataframe ArcMap. Of course, after this step the
user still needs to re-examine the integrity of the results of this conversion. Are
these elements need to be connected or separated from one another to get the
actual entity (intact).
Raster to Polygon
Steps needed to convert spatial data raster type to polygon is as follows:
1) Double click menu/item Conversion Tools

Format Raster

Raster to

polygon that dialog box show Raster to polygon.

2) In the dialog box, press the open (

) which is located on the right textbox

"Input Raster" to specify the file name of spatial data format raster to be
converted (TXT, IMG, JPG, etc)

automatically textbox Output point will be filled, if the user does not agree

with the default name (shapefile / shp *), users can switch manually by typing
directly.
3) Then press OK

After the the conversion process is complete will show in the shapefile polygon

elements will be displayed on dataframe ArcMap.

7.3 Displaying Panel/Spatial Analyst Toolbar

When you want perform Spatial Analyst toolbar first show Spatial Analyst
toolbar itself. Steps by steps that should be carried out as follows:
1) Use menu customize a Extantions that dialog box show Extensions.
2) In dialog box show, enable (click) checkbox Spatial Analist

Figure 7.4 Display dialog box Extension

3) Choose button Close

4) Restore previous display ArcMap application.
5) Use menu customize a Toolbars a Spatial Analist until the toolbar show
Spatial Analist.
7.4 Displaying Histogram Raster
To display histogram from raster layer, can be done in the following way::
1) Display a raster layer (single band or a digital image that has been converted
DEM) into dataframe until its name show in the listbox "Layer" toolbar "Spatial
2)

Analyst".
Press button Histogram

7.5 Raster Interpolation

Interpolation is a method of generating a new data point within a range of a
discrete set of known data. Or interpolation approach / approximation of a complex
functions through a simple function. At ArcGIS users can interpolate the data. Many

times when the the field measurements are not done the entire work area only at
certain points so that the required interpolation data based on existing data.
There are three interpolation methods are often used in ArcGIS is: inverse
distance weighted, spline, dan kriging.
Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)
Here are the steps required for raster interpolation using method Inverse Distance
Weighted (IDW):
1) Use menu drop down Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a Inverse Distance
Weighted.
2) In dialog box IDW press button Open (

) which is located on the textbox

"Input Points" to determine the name of the feature class (shapefiles) which
contains sample data point.
3) In the combobox "Z value field" specify the name of the field that contains the
value of height or the amount of other measurable phenomena.
4) Allow the default value for
the number of points, unless
the number of the best
known with certainty.
5) Allow the default values for
power.
6) Press Open (
located

on

the

)which is
textbox

"Raster Output" to name a

raster interpolation method
IDW.
7) Then press OK

Figure 7.5 Display dialog box Inverse Distance Weighted

After completion of the interpolation process will show raster height IDW

interpolation method on dataframe ArcMap.

Figure 7.6 Display Raster interpolation using Inverse Distance Weighted method

Spline
With almost the same step, any user perform spline interpolation raster method.
Only, in this method the user need:

1) Use menu drop down Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster

Spline. in

exchange Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a Inverse Distance Weighted.

2) Determine the type of spline; tension or regularized

Figure 7.7 Display Raster using Spline interpolation method

Kriging
With almost the same step, raster interpolation with kriging method can be
done by:
1) Use menu drop down Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster

Kriging. In

exchange Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a Inverse Distance Weighted.

2) Determine the detail option kriging: ordinary or universal.
3) Determine the semi-variogram models; spherical, circular, expotential, linear or
Gaussian.

Figure 7.8 Display Raster using Kriging interpolation method

CHAPTER VIII
LAYOUT MAP
Layout according to a GIS software terminology is a collection of map
elements are placed and organized in a page. In general, the elements of which
might include a square box / line edge of the map, the map scale and scale bar scale
figure, a symbol of the north map (north arrow), the title of the map (map title), grid,
etc.

8.1 Setting Layout

8.1.1 Adjusting Projection
Latitude and longitude coordinates system
a). Right-click on the active layer, then click Properties

a Data Frame Properties a

Coordinate System.
b). Dialog box will show Data Frame Properties a Coordinate System.
c). In dialog box Select a coordinate system, pilih Predefined a Geographic
Coordinate System a World a WGS1984.
UTM Coordinates System
a). Right-click on the active layer, then click Properties

a Data Frame Properties a

Coordinate System.
b). Dialog box will show Data Frame Properties a Coordinate System.
c). In dialog box Select a coordinate system, pilih Predefined
Coordinate System

UTM

WGS1984

Projected

Northern Hemisphere/Southern

Hemisphere
8.1.2 Setting Page Layout
a). To set the page width. Right-click on the page layout of the page and select
Page and Print Setup. Box will show Page and Print Setup.
b). Another step is to click the menu File a Page and Print SetupThis will bring up a
dialog box Page and Print Setup.
c). Dialog box Page and Print Setup is used to change the page orientation portrait
to landscape or otherwise. The page size can be changed by editing properties
dialog box.

Figure 8.1 Display dialog box Page and Print Setup

8.2 Addition of Elements Map

8.2.1 Addition Grid Map
a) Right-click on the data frame, select
Properties.
b) Or to menu View

Data Frame

Properties.

Figure 8.2 Display View

c) Data Frame Properties dialog box

Grids a NewGrid.
d) Next a dialog box will show Grids and Graticules Wizard.

Figure 8.3 Display Grid and Graticules Wizard

Graticule for Latitude and Longitude coordinate system

and the Measured Grid for UTM coordinate system

e) The dialog box Grid and Graticules Wizard will guide the user passes through
four stages to complete the map with line coordinates and the coordinates. In

the first phase the user will select the type of coordinates and the coordinates of
the desired line. Click Next.

f)

The

second

phase

will

Figure 8.4 Display Create a graticule

guide the user to create a

line

coordinates

and

determine the interval line

coordinates on the map. Set the coordinates of the 2-minute interval, if you feel
too close interval change intervals a larger. Click next.

Figure 8.5 Display Axes and labels

g) The third step is to edit the label coordinates and the coordinates of the line. Set
the font size to 8, with a change in the text box style. Or adjust the font size as
you want. Click Next.

Figure 8.6 Display Create a graticule

h) The fourth stage to create a boundary box coordinates on the map. When
finished, click Finish.
8.2.2 Addition Scale
a) Click Insert a Click Scale Bar for additional scale.
b) Dialog box Scale Bar Selector will show. The scale can be edited by clicking
Properties.

Figure 8.7 Display Scale Bar Selector

c) Select the desired scale form, and click OK.

d) Click scale and drag to the empty page in page layout.

e) Users can also add text scale.

f)

click Insert a ScaleText.

Then ScaleText Selector box

will show.
g) Scale text can be changed by
selecting Properties. Once the
user selects the type of scale
you want, click Ok.
8.2.3

Addition North Arrow

Figure 8.8 Display Scale Text Selectore

a) Click Insert a North Arrow.

b) North Arrow Selector dialog box
will show. North arrows can be edited by clicking the Properties button.

Figure 8.9 Display North Arrow Selector

c) Select the North arrow you want, and then click OK.
d) Click the north arrow, drag to a blank page at page layout.
8.2.4 Addition Title Map
a) Click menu Insert a Title.

b) Write a title that represents the map in the

title box. To change the shape and size of
the title as needed, right click on the title
bar and select Properties. After that will
come the Properties box. Type the title in
the text field provided.

8.2.5

Addition Map Legend

Click menu Insert

Figure 8.10 Display Insert Title

Legend. Dialog box Legend Wizard will show. This box

will guide users through the five stages in making the legend as desired.

Figure 8.11 Display Insert Legend

a) The first phase will guide the user to select the data you want displayed in the
legend box. Select the desired data to display boxed legend. Click Next.

Figure 8.12 Display Legend Wizard

b) The second phase guiding the user to create a legend title in accordance with
the desired.
c) The third stage is to make the legend boxed as you want. Click the drop down
menu to add a frame border legend box. Choose border black line with a
thickness 3. Click the drop down menu to select the background color.
d) The fourth stage to edit the size and shape of symbols that represent each user
data as desired. For example, the symbol for the parcels of data can be resized
and shape into oval, circle or box.
e) The final stage guiding the user to determine the distance between the parts
presented in the map legend. Click Finish after completing the Legend Wizard.
8.3 Saving Map
To save a new map, click the file menu a save as. Or by clicking on the icon.
The map can be stored in the extension MXD and MXT. Extensions MXD is to keep
the map in the form of project documents, while the MXT extension to save the map
in the form template.

Figure 8.13 Display File Save as

8.4 Export Map

Click menu File a Export Map. Maps can be exported to various formats, such
as PDF, JPEG, TIFF, and others.