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    1111 RAIM ATMC Nov.11

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    PhongLan
    This document provides an overview of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and discusses its importance for aircraft navigation and performance-based navigation (PBN) operations. It contains the following key points: 1) RAIM is an aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) that uses GPS signals and onboard monitoring to provide integrity monitoring and detect faults. It is required to support RNAV and RNP navigation specifications for oceanic, en-route, terminal, and non-precision approach operations. 2) Predicting RAIM availability is important for flight planning as it ensures the aircraft receiver can provide the required level of fault detection. Availability may be predicted by NOTAMs, prediction services, or

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    1111 RAIM ATMC Nov.11

    Uploaded by

    PhongLan
    108 views29 pages
    This document provides an overview of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and discusses its importance for aircraft navigation and performance-based navigation (PBN) operations. It contains the following key points: 1) RAIM is an aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) that uses GPS signals and onboard monitoring to provide integrity monitoring and detect faults. It is required to support RNAV and RNP navigation specifications for oceanic, en-route, terminal, and non-precision approach operations. 2) Predicting RAIM availability is important for flight planning as it ensures the aircraft receiver can provide the required level of fault detection. Availability may be predicted by NOTAMs, prediction services, or

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    This document provides an overview of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and discusses its importance for aircraft navigation and performance-based navigation (PBN) operations. It contains the following key points: 1) RAIM is an aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) that uses GPS signals and onboard monitoring to provide integrity monitoring and detect faults. It is required to support RNAV and RNP navigation specifications for oceanic, en-route, terminal, and non-precision approach operations. 2) Predicting RAIM availability is important for flight planning as it ensures the aircraft receiver can provide the required level of fault detection. Availability may be predicted by NOTAMs, prediction services, or

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views29 pages

    1111 RAIM ATMC Nov.11

    Uploaded by

    PhongLan
    This document provides an overview of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and discusses its importance for aircraft navigation and performance-based navigation (PBN) operations. It contains the following key points: 1) RAIM is an aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) that uses GPS signals and onboard monitoring to provide integrity monitoring and detect faults. It is required to support RNAV and RNP navigation specifications for oceanic, en-route, terminal, and non-precision approach operations. 2) Predicting RAIM availability is important for flight planning as it ensures the aircraft receiver can provide the required level of fault detection. Availability may be predicted by NOTAMs, prediction services, or

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    of 29

    Overview of RAIM

    Instructor Training
    on New CNS/ATM Systems Training
    ATFM, GNSS Specialized Course
    Nov. 11, Fukuoka
    Air Traffic Management Engineering Officer
    ATMC, MLIT

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Contents
    PBN
    GNSS
    RAIM

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    PBN

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Area Navigation
    Area Navigation
    A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any
    desired flight path within the coverage of ground or space-based
    navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained
    aids, or a combination of these.

    conventional navigation

    area navigation
    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    PBN concept
    PBN Concept
    The PBN concept specifies that aircraft RNAV or RNP system
    performance requirements be defined in terms of accuracy,
    integrity, continuity.
    The PBN concept represents a shift from sensor-based to PBN.

    PBN relies on the use of area navigation


    and comprises three components.

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    PBN and sensor-based navigation


    PBN: Performance Based Navigation
    Area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft
    operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approach
    procedure or in a designated airspace.

    Sensor-Based Navigation
    Area navigation not based on performance requirements for aircraft
    operating.
    e.g.
    DME/DME RNAV
    GNSS(GPS) RNAV
    GBAS Approach
    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Navigation specification
    Navigation specification
    A set of aircraft and aircrew requirements needed to support
    Performance-based Navigation operations within a defined airspace.
    There are two kinds of navigation specification.
    RNAV specification
    A navigation specification based on area navigation that does not
    include the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and
    alerting.
    RNP specification
    A navigation specification based on area navigation that includes
    the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting.
    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Navigation specification designations


    Navigation specifications

    RNAV specifications

    RNP specifications

    No requirement for
    on-board performance
    monitoring and alerting

    Includes a requirement for


    on-board performance
    monitoring and alerting

    RNAV 10

    RNAV 5

    RNAV 1

    RNP 4

    RNP 1

    RNP APCH
    RNP AR
    APCH

    Oceanic

    En-route

    SID/STAR

    Oceanic

    SID/STAR

    Approach
    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Application of RNAV and RNP


    specification by flight phase
    En-route
    RNAV5
    Departure
    RNAV1, RNP1
    Arrival
    RNAV1, RNP1
    Approach
    RNAV(GNSS)
    RNP, RNP-AR

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    GNSS

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    GNSS elements
    GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System
    SBAS: Satellite Based Augmentation System
    GBAS: Grand Based Augmentation System
    ABAS: Aircraft Based Augmentation System

    GNSS
    Positioning
    system

    GPS
    (USA)

    GLONASS
    (Russia)

    Augmentation
    system

    SBAS

    GBAS

    WAAS
    (USA)

    WAAS
    (USA)

    ABAS

    EGNOS
    (Europe)
    Galileo
    (Europe)

    MSAS
    (Japan)
    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    GPS

    GPS (Global Positioning System) Satellite

    Altitude: 20,200

    Period : 11 hours and 58 minites

    24 satellites basically

    4 satellites each in 6 orbits

    31 satellites (as of Nov. 11)

    FAA HP

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Error factor of the GPS


    Satellite clock error
    Sunbeam

    Orbit information error


    Ionosphere

    Ionospheric delay100m
    depend on frequency
    Altitude 250400km

    Troposphere

    Altitude 7km
    Tropospheric delay20m
    Multi-pass

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Necessity of
    augmentation system
    ICAO GNSS Manual

    The existing core satellite constellations were not designed to


    meet civil aviation performance requirements.
    Their signals require augmentation in the form of ABAS, GBAS
    or SBAS as prescribed in Annex 10.

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Signal-in-space requirements
    ICAO SARPs Annex 10 (Aeronautical Telecommunications)
    Accuracy (horizontal, vertical), Integrity, Time-to-alert
    Continuity, Availability
    Horizontal alert limit
    Oceanic
    4 NM
    En-route
    2 NM
    Terminal
    1 NM
    Non-precision
    0.3NM
    approach

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    RAIM

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Overview of ABAS
    ABAS (Aircraft-Based Augmentation System)
    ABAS is an avionics implementation that processes core
    constellation signals with information available on board
    the aircraft.
    ABAS provides integrity monitoring using redundant range
    measurements to support fault detection (FD) or fault
    detection and exclusion (FDE).

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Overview of ABAS
    Functions
    Classes of integrity monitoring
    Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
    Uses GNSS information exclusively
    Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (AAIM)
    Uses information from additional on-board sensors
    such as IRS and barometric altimeters

    Availability aiding for the position solution


    Accuracy aiding through estimation of remaining errors in
    determined ranges

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Necessity of RAIM prediction


    ABAS availability
    RAIM levels are required for RNAV/RNP (RNAV 5, RNAV 2,
    RNAV 1 and RNP APCH) and can be verified either through
    NOTAMs (where available) or through prediction services.
    RAIM availability prediction should take into account the
    latest GPS constellation NOTAMs and avionics model.

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Necessity of RAIM prediction


    ABAS availability
    The service may be provided by the ANSP, avionics
    manufacturer, other entities or through an airborne receiver
    RAIM prediction capability.
    In the event of a predicted, continuous loss of appropriate
    level of fault detection of more than five minutes for any
    part of the RNAV/RNP operation, the flight planning should
    be revised.

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Selective Function for RAIM


    Prediction
    SA (Selective Availability)
    SA is an intentional degradation of GPS accuracy.
    The U.S government discontinued its use of SA in order to
    make GPS more responsive to civil and commercial users
    worldwide.

    Baro-Aiding (Barometric Aiding)


    Baro-Aiding augments GPS signal with altitude and can
    also help to increase availability when there are enough
    visible satellites.

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Selective Function for RAIM


    Prediction
    Mask Angle
    The elevation angle from the horizon below which a
    receiver is unable to track satellites.
    Lower mask angle receiver has small non available area
    for GPS use.

    FD (Fault Detection) /
    FDE (Fault Detection and Exclusion)
    FD requires at least 5 satellites with good geometry to
    detect a faulty signal.
    FDE requires 6 satellites.
    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    How create the RAIM NOTAM?


    ATMC
    MSV-10

    Request
    NOTAM issuance

    GPS

    CNS coordinator
    Predict RAIM availability
    GPS condition and
    maintenance plan
    US COAST GUARD
    AISC
    Aircraft operators

    (02087/11 NOTAMR 0198/11


    Q)RJJJ/QGAXX/I/NBO/A/000/999/4146N14049E005
    A)RJCH B)1104011452 C)1104041500
    E)GPS RAIM OUTAGES PREDICTED FOR APCH
    AS FLW
    1104011810/1104011820
    1104020005/1104020020)

    RAIM NOTAM

    Aeronautical Information Officer


    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    Prediction Result sample

    Air Traffic Management Center

    RAIM CONDITIONs
    legend

    MSAS CONDITIONs (MTSAT-1R)


    legend

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    FUKUOKA FIR
    PETROPAVLOVSKKAMCHATSKY FIR
    YUZHNOSAKHALINSK
    FIR

    ANCHORAGE FIR

    VLADIVOSTOK FIR

    PYONGYANG
    FIR
    INCHEON
    FIR
    SHANGHAI
    FIR

    TAIPEI FIR
    MANILA FIR

    FUKUOKA FIR

    OAKLAND FIR

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

    RAIM NOTAM(Example)

    Air Traffic Management Center

    Thank you for your attention

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