Progress in Solid Mechanics: R. Hill

PROGRESS IN
SOLID MECHANICS
VOLUME I
EDITED BY
I. N. SNEDDON
Professor of Mathematics. Glasgow
AND
R. HILL
Professor of Mathematics, Nottingham
CONTRIBUTORS
S. C. HUNTER. K. MARGUERRE, H.G.HOPKINS
W. T. KOITER. W. A. GREEN, P. CHADWICK
B.'A. BILBY, R. MUKI
leehntefjo Hechoehulo
1960
NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY, AMSTERDAM
CONTENTS
I'HEFACE
CONTENTS
VII
CHAPTER I
VISCOELASTIC WAVES
by S. C. HUNTER
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
THE LINEAR VISCOELASTIC SOLID
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.
3
4
Physical behaviour of anelastic solids

Representation by Laplace transforms
Representation by Fourier transform
Representation by an operational modulus
4
S
11
15
THEORY OF THE PROPAGATION OF UNIAXIAL STRESS PULSES
3.1
3.2
3. 3
3. 4
4.
EXPERIMENTAL
5.
THE GENERAL
5.1
5.2
5. 3
5.4
16
Statement of the problem

Solution by Laplace transform
Solution by Fourier transform
Geometric dispersion
INVESTIGATIONS
EQUATIONS
ON PULSE
O F A N ISOTROPIC
16
17
22
28
PROPAGATION
VISCOELASTIC
32
SOLID
The generalised equations of viscoelasticity

Application of integral transforms
Quasi-static viscoelasticity
Waves in three dimensions
REFERENCES
4 4
44
48
50
52
56
CHAPTER II
MATRICES OF TRANSMISSION IN BEAM PROBLEMS

by K. MARGUERRE
1.
INTRODUCTION
61
2.
THE VIBRATING BEAM
62
3.
MATRICES FOR POINTS OF DISCONTINUITY: SUPPORTS, SINGLE MASSES, ETC.
65
4.
RIGID SUPPORTS, zl-MATRIX
66
5.
zl-MATRICES (CONTINUED)
73
6. " S T I F F " SUPPORTS
75
7. APPLICATION OF THE MATRIX METHOD TO MORE COMPLEX PROBLEMS .
77
REFERENCES
82
VIII
CONTENTS
CHAPTER III
'
DYNAMIC EXPANSION OF SPHERICAL CAVITIES IN METALS

by H. G. HOPKINS
1. INTRODUCTION
85
2. METHODS OF APPROACH AND OBJECTIVES
91
3. HOPKINSON'S SIZE-SCALING LAW
93
4. STRONG DISCONTINUITIES IN PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
93
5. ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS
98
6. SMALL ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS
Ill
6.1 Perfectly-plastic material

6.2 Work-hardening material
6.3 Characteristics theory of equations
113
128
132
7. LARGE ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS
7.1
7.2
7. 3
7.4
135
Fundamental equations
Quasi-static motion
Dynamic motion
Characteristics theory of equations
135
138
144
158
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS
161
NOTATION
162
REFERENCES
163
CHAPTER IV
GENERAL THEOREMS FOR ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOLIDS

by W. T. KOITER
1. INTRODUCTION
167
2. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Small deformations
General stress-strain relations
Perfectly plastic materials . . .
Work-hardening materials
Inversion of stress-strain relations
Historical remarks
169
169
171
172
174
175
178
. :
3. UNIQUENESS THEOREMS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Boundary value problem for stress rates

Proof of uniqueness of stress rates
Uniqueness of strain rates
Uniqueness of stresses
Historical remarks
4 . MINIMUM PRINCIPLES
4.1 Definitions
4.2 Formulation of principles for stress and strain rates
4.3 Proof of principles of par. 4.2
181
182
182
183
185
%
. 186
186
186
188
CONTENTS
4.4 Principles for stresses and strains

4.5 Historical remarks
4.6 The Haar-Karman principle
189
192
193
5. PLASTIC COLLAPSE THEOREMS AND LIMIT ANALYSIS
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
Definitions
Formulation of theorems
Proof of theorems
Uniqueness of stresses at collapse
Bounds on overall deformation
Historical remarks
194
194
195
197
198
200
201
'
6. SHAKEDOWN THEOREMS
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
203
Definitions
Formulation of theorems . .
Proof of Melan's theorem
Proof of first part of second theorem
Proof of second part of second theorem
Historical remarks
7. EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
IX
203
206
207
208
209
213
"
Dirichlet's principle
Basic inequality
Existence proof
Concluding remarks
214
'.
REFERENCES
214
214
215
217
218
CHAPTER V
DISPERSION RELATIONS FOR ELASTIC WAVES IN BARS

by W. A. GREEN
1. INTRODUCTION
225
2. EXACT SOLUTIONS (POCHHAMMER AND CHREE)
228
3. ELEMENTARY APPROXIMATE THEORY
230
4. APPROXIMATE METHODS I
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Rayleigh's method
Love's method
Timoshenko's method
Prescott's method
Method of Mindlin and Herrmann
Volterra's method
Bishop's correction
Kynch's method
5. APPROXIMATE METHODS II
5.1 Chree's method

5.2 Morse's method
5.3 Method of Kvnch and Green
231
231
232
232
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
240
241
CONTENTS
6. DISCUSSION
7.
243
HIGH FREQUENCY SOLUTIONS FOR A CIRCULAR CYLINDER
250
7.1 Fundamental dispersion curves for complex modes
251
7.2 Dispersion curves for higher harmonics
254
NOTATION
'.
'.
REFERENCES
260
261
CHAPTER VI
THERMOELASTICITY. THE DYNAMICAL THEORY
by P. CHADWICK
1. INTRODUCTION
265
2; THE THERMOELASTIC EQUATIONS

2.1 The irreversible thermodynamics of an elastic solid
2.2 Non-equilibrium thermodynamic functions
2.3 Basic properties of the thermoelastic equations
269
269
272
276
3. PLANE HARMONIC THERMOELASTIC WAVES

3.1 Uncoupled waves
3.2 Coupled waves
3.3 Discussion and numerical results
280
280
282
288
4. BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

4.1 Classification of thermoelastic boundary value problems
4.2 Approximate forms of the thermoelastic equations
298
299
303
5. THERMOELASTIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

5.1 Thermoelastic Rayleigh waves
5.2 Thermoelastic vibrations of a circular cylinder
5.3 Radially symmetrical thermoelastic disturbances
5.4 Axially symmetrical thermoelastic disturbances
306
307
312
316
324
REFERENCES
328
CHAPTER VII
CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS OF DISLOCATIONS
by B. A. BILBY
1. INTRODUCTION
331
2. BURGERS VECTOR AND TORSION TENSOR

2.1 Discrete dislocations
2.2 The continuously dislocated crystal
2.3 The geometry of the continuously dislocated crystal
2.4 Compatibility and the nature state
335
335
337
339
345
CONTENTS
3.
SHAPE,
LATTICE
A N D DISLOCATION
DEFORMATIONS
XI
'.
...'".'
3 5 0
3.1 Types of deformation . . . ' . '

3.2 Analytical relations
3.3 The dislocation motion tensor- . .
4.
ZERO
LATTICE
PURE
STRAIN
350
354
358
....:
3 5 9
' 4 . 1 G e n e r a l t h e o r y . . . . . . . '. '.

4.2 Applications
5.
DISLOCATION DENSITY AND STRESS
359
365
,
369
5.1 The incompatibility tensor

369
;..;5.2 Surface dislocations
v,.. i...,. . . . 375
5.3 The determination of the deformations when the dislocation density
is given
379
5.4 The determination of internal stress
379
5.5 Discrete dislocations
382
5.6 Discussion of plastic problems
383
6. GENERALISED SPACES
6.1
6.2
6. 3
6.4
6.5
385
The natural state

Use of a Riemannian connexion
Non-Riemannian connexions
Discussion and generalisations
Application to non-linear elasticity
7. CONCLUSION
385
386
389
390
391
'
REFERENCES
394
396
CHAPTER VIII
ASYMMETRIC PROBLEMS OF THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY

FOR A SEMI-INFINITE SOLID AND A THICK PLATE
by R. MUKI
1.
INTRODUCTION
401
2.
SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM BY HANKEL TRANSFORMS
401
3.
SOLUTION OF THE THERMO-ELASTIC EQUATIONS BY HANKEL TRANSFORMS
407
4.
STRESSES IN A SEMI-INFINITE ELASTIC SOLID UNDER THE COMPRESSIVE

ACTION OF A RIGID BODY
410
4.1 Introduction
_ 4.2 General solution
4.3 Indentation by a slightly inclined flat-ended cylinder
5.
STRESSES IN A SEMI-INFINITE ELASTIC SOLID WITH A TANGENTIAL LOAD

ON ITS SURFACE
5.1 Introduction
5.2 General solution
5.3 Example
410
411
413
419
419
419
421
XII
CONTENTS
6. THERMAL STRESSES IN A SEMI-INFINITE ELASTIC SOLID AND A THICK PLATE

UNDER STEADY DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE
423
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Introduction
: . . - . . 423
General solution for a semi-infinite solid
424
General solution for a thick plate
426
Stresses in a plate with a given surface distribution of temperature 429
Stresses in a plate with surface radiation
435
REFERENCES
AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
439
441
: . . . . 445

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PROGRESS IN

THE LINEAR VISCOELASTIC SOLID

Physical behaviour of anelastic solids

THEORY OF THE PROPAGATION OF UNIAXIAL STRESS PULSES

Statement of the problem

The generalised equations of viscoelasticity

MATRICES OF TRANSMISSION IN BEAM PROBLEMS

THE VIBRATING BEAM

MATRICES FOR POINTS OF DISCONTINUITY: SUPPORTS, SINGLE MASSES, ETC.

RIGID SUPPORTS, zl-MATRIX

6. " S T I F F " SUPPORTS

7. APPLICATION OF THE MATRIX METHOD TO MORE COMPLEX PROBLEMS .

DYNAMIC EXPANSION OF SPHERICAL CAVITIES IN METALS

2. METHODS OF APPROACH AND OBJECTIVES

3. HOPKINSON'S SIZE-SCALING LAW

4. STRONG DISCONTINUITIES IN PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

6. SMALL ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS

6.1 Perfectly-plastic material

7. LARGE ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS

GENERAL THEOREMS FOR ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOLIDS

2. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONS

Boundary value problem for stress rates

4.4 Principles for stresses and strains

5. PLASTIC COLLAPSE THEOREMS AND LIMIT ANALYSIS

DISPERSION RELATIONS FOR ELASTIC WAVES IN BARS

2. EXACT SOLUTIONS (POCHHAMMER AND CHREE)

3. ELEMENTARY APPROXIMATE THEORY

5.1 Chree's method

HIGH FREQUENCY SOLUTIONS FOR A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

7.1 Fundamental dispersion curves for complex modes

7.2 Dispersion curves for higher harmonics

2; THE THERMOELASTIC EQUATIONS

3. PLANE HARMONIC THERMOELASTIC WAVES

4. BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

5. THERMOELASTIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

2. BURGERS VECTOR AND TORSION TENSOR

3.1 Types of deformation . . . ' . '

' 4 . 1 G e n e r a l t h e o r y . . . . . . . '. '.

DISLOCATION DENSITY AND STRESS

5.1 The incompatibility tensor

The natural state

ASYMMETRIC PROBLEMS OF THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY

SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM BY HANKEL TRANSFORMS

SOLUTION OF THE THERMO-ELASTIC EQUATIONS BY HANKEL TRANSFORMS

STRESSES IN A SEMI-INFINITE ELASTIC SOLID UNDER THE COMPRESSIVE

STRESSES IN A SEMI-INFINITE ELASTIC SOLID WITH A TANGENTIAL LOAD

6. THERMAL STRESSES IN A SEMI-INFINITE ELASTIC SOLID AND A THICK PLATE

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