Other Ex
Other Ex
Other Ex
1.
The Cash and Accounts Receivable for a company are provided below:
2008
2007
Cash
$65,000
$50,000
Accounts receivable (net)
$75,200
$80,000
Based on this information, what is the amount and percentage of increase or decrease that would be
shown in a balance sheet with horizontal analysis?
ANS:
Cash
$15,000 increase ($65,000 $50,000), or 30%
Accounts Receivable
$ 4,800 decrease ($80,000 $75,200), or - 6%
DIF:
NAT:
2.
TOP:
The Cash and Accounts Receivable for a company are provided below:
2008
2007
Cash
$64,800
$60,000
Accounts receivable (net)
$46,000
$50,000
Based on this information, what is the amount and percentage of increase or decrease that would be
shown in a balance sheet with horizontal analysis?
ANS:
Cash
$4,800 increase ($64,800 - $60,000), or 8%
Accounts Receivable
$4,000 decrease($46,000 - $50,000), or - 8%
DIF:
NAT:
3.
TOP:
$120,000
84,000
$ 36,000
TOP:
529
4.
Why would you or why wouldnt you compare an organization like Ford Motor Company to the
local car dealer City Ford/Lincoln/Mercury in vertical and horizontal analysis?
ANS:
Ford Motor Company is an automobile manufacturer with many aspects within the overall company such
as military sales, foundries, credit and financing operations, and its car sales are usually limited to
resellers or large fleet purchasers.
City Ford/Lincoln/Mercury is a local reseller that does not have the diverse operations of the Ford
Motor Company. Most of its sales, which would new and used vehicles, would be to ultimate consumers
and to smaller fleet operations. Major revenues may come from repairs and upgrades of vehicles. Its
credit department may actually be a representative of another organization specializing in automobile
financing.
While they both sell cars and contain the same name elements, they are not comparable.
DIF:
NAT:
Moderate
OBJ: 14-01
AACSB Reflective Thinking | AICPA BB-Critical Thinking
5.
What is a major advantage of using percentages rather than dollar changes in doing horizontal and
vertical analysis?
ANS:
When percentages are utilized rather than dollars, companies that are not the same size can be compared.
If Bowl Full of Grain is a $10 billion per year net sales company and Midwest Cereal Grains is a
$500 million per year net sales company, these two companies can still be compared by using percentages
determined by the analysis. These companies can also be compared to industry standards to determine the
difference between themselves and the generic average.
DIF:
NAT:
6.
$250,000
100,000
200,000
200,000
300,000
Determine the (a) current ratio, and (b) quick ratio? Round your answer to one digit after the decimal
place.
ANS:
(a)
Current ratio = Current assets (cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and
inventory) / current liabilities (accounts payable)
Current ration = ($250,000 + $100,000 + $200,000 + $200,000 / $300,000)
Current ratio = 2.5
(b)
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
7.
$250,000
100,000
200,000
200,000
250,000
Determine the (a) current ratio, and (b) quick ratio? Round your answer to one digit after the decimal
place.
ANS:
(a)
Current ratio = Current assets (cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and
inventory) / current liabilities (accounts payable)
Current ratio = ($250,000 + $100,000 + $200,000 + $200,000 / $250,000)
Current ratio = 3.0
(b)
DIF:
NAT:
8.
TOP:
$720,000
$ 48,000
Determine the (a) accounts receivable turnover, and (b) number of days sales in receivables? Round
your answer to one digit after the decimal place.
ANS:
(a)
Accounts receivable turnover = Sales / Average accounts receivable
Accounts receivable turnover = $720,000 / $48,000
Accounts receivable turnover = 15.0
(b)
DIF:
NAT:
9.
TOP:
$900,000
$ 45,000
Determine the (a) accounts receivable turnover, and (b) number of days sales in receivables? Round
your answer to one digit after the decimal place.
ANS:
(a)
Accounts receivable turnover = Sales / Average accounts receivable
Accounts receivable turnover = $900,000 / $45,000
Accounts receivable turnover = 20.0
(b)
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
$575,000
$115,000
Determine the (a) inventory turnover, and (b) number of days sales in inventory? Round your
answer to one digit after the decimal place.
ANS:
(a)
Inventory turnover = Cost of good sold / Average inventory
Inventory turnover = $575,000 / $115,000
Inventory turnover = 5.0
(b)
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
11. The following information was taken from Sloan Companys balance sheet:
Fixed assets (net)
Long-term liabilities
Total liabilities
Total stockholders equity
$1,750,000
$500,000
$375,000
$1,500,000
Determine the companys (a) Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities, and (b) ratio of liabilities
to stockholders equity? Round your answer to one digit after the decimal place.
ANS:
(a)
Ration of fixed assets to long-term liabilities = Fixed assets / Long-term liabilities
Ration of fixed assets to long-term liabilities = $1,750,000 / $500,000
Ration of fixed assets to long-term liabilities = 3.5
(b)
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
$300,000
$150,000
Determine the number of times interest charges are earned. Round your answer to one digit after the
decimal place.
ANS:
Number of times interest charges are earned = (Income before income tax = interest expense) / interest
expense
Number of times interest charges are earned = ($300,000 + $150,000) / $150,000
Number of times interest charges are earned = 3
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
13. A company reports the following income statement and balance sheet information for the current
year:
Net income
Interest expense
Average total assets
$ 150,000
$ 25,000
$2,000,000
Determine the rate earned on total assets. Round your answer to one digit after the decimal place.
ANS:
Rate earned on total assets = (Net income + interest expense) / Average total assets
Rate earned on total assets = ($150,000 + $25,000) / $2,000,000
Rate earned on total assets = ($175,000 / $2,000,000
Rate earned on total assets = 8.8%
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
$150,000
$10,000
$1,000,000
$800,000
Determine the (a) rate earned on stockholders equity, and (b) rate earned on common stockholders
equity? Round your answer to one digit after the decimal place.
ANS:
(a)
Rate earned on stockholders equity = Net income / Average stockholders equity
Rate earned on stockholders equity = $150,000 / $1,000,000
Rate earned on stockholders equity = 15.0%
(b)
DIF:
NAT:
Moderate
OBJ: 14-03
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
TOP:
$240,000
$ 10,000
20,000
$35.00
TOP:
$240,000
$ 10,000
20,000
$35.00
Determine the companys price-earnings ratio. Round your answer to one digit after the decimal
place.
ANS:
Price-earnings ratio = Market price per share of common stock / Earnings per share on common stock
Earnings per share on common stock = (Net income - preferred dividends) / shares of common stock
outstanding.
Earnings per share = ($240,000 - $10,000) / 20,000
Earnings per share = $11.50
Price-earnings ratio = $35.00 / $11.50
Price-earnings ratio = 3.0
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
TOP:
$2,660,000
$1,400,000
Determine the ratio of net sales to total assets. Round your answer to one digit after the decimal
place.
ANS:
Ratio of net sales to total assets = Net sales / Average total assets
Ratio of net sales to total assets = $2,660,000 / 1,400,000
Ratio of net sales to total assets = 1.9
DIF:
NAT:
TOP:
19. Why would you compare or not compare Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola (PepsiCo) as companies to each
other?
ANS:
Coca-Cola has maintained its focus on the beverage market with little distraction. Pepsi-Cola (PepsiCo)
has diversified into the fast food market as well as beverages with such operations as Taco Bell, KFC, and
Pizza Hut. While their carbonated soft drinks may be comparable, the direct comparison of the two
companies is limited by their differences.
DIF:
NAT:
Moderate
OBJ: 14-03
AACSB Reflective Thinking | AICPA BB-Critical Thinking
PROBLEM
1.
Comparative information taken from the Aster Company financial statements is shown below:
2008__
2007__
(a) Notes receivable
$ 10,000
$
-0(b) Accounts receivable
172,000
140,000
(c) Retained earnings
30,000
(40,000)
(d) Sales
830,000
750,000
(e) Operating expenses
170,000
200,000
(f) Income taxes payable
25,000
20,000
Instructions
Using horizontal analysis, show the percentage change from 2007 to 2008 with 2007 as the base
year.
ANS:
(a) Base year is zero. Not possible to compute.
(b) $32,000 $140,000 = 23% increase
(c) Base year is negative. Not possible to compute.
(d) $80,000 $750,000 = 11% increase
(e) $30,000 $200,000 = 15% decrease
(f) $5,000 $20,000 = 25% increase
DIF:
NAT:
2.
Moderate
OBJ: 14-01
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
The following items were taken from the financial statements of Saintley, Inc., over a three-year
period:
Item
Net Sales
Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit
2008
$355,000
214,000
$141,000
2007
$336,000
206,000
$130,000
2006
$300,000
186,000
$114,000
ANS:
Item
Net Sales
Cost of Goods Sold
DIF:
NAT:
3.
2008
$
19,000
8,000
1,000
2007
Percent
5.6
3.9
0.8
$
36,000
20,000
16,000
Percent
12.0
10.8
14.0
Moderate
OBJ: 14-01
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
2007
$ 340
675
$1,015
2006
$280
520
$800
$ 180
250
325
260
$1,015
$120
160
320
200
$800
Instructions
(a)
Using horizontal analysis, show the percentage change for each balance sheet item
using 2006 as a base year.
(b)
Using vertical analysis, prepare a common size comparative balance sheet.
ANS:
HUERTO COMPANY
Comparative Balance Sheet
December 31, 2007
2007
(b)
Percentage
Assets
Amount
Current assets
$ 340
Plant assets
675
Total assets
$1,015
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities
$ 180
Long-term debt
250
Common stock
325
Retained earnings
260
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity
$1,015
DIF:
NAT:
4.
2006
(b)
(a)
Percent
33%
67
100%
Amount
$280
520
$800
Percent
35%
65
100%
Change
21%
30%
27%
18%
25
32
25
$120
160
320
200
15%
20
40
25
50%
56%
2%
30%
100%
$800
100%
27%
Moderate
OBJ: 14-01
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
Condensed data taken from the ledger of Jefferson Company at December 31, 2006 and 2005, are as
follows:
Current assets
Property, plant, and equipment
Intangible assets
Current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Common stock
Retained earnings
2006
$150,000
450,000
20,700
70,000
200,000
225,000
125,700
2005
$130,000
400,000
30,000
80,000
250,000
150,000
80,000
Prepare a comparative balance sheet, with horizontal analysis, for December 31, 2006 and 2005.
(Round percents to one decimal point.)
ANS:
Jefferson Company
Comparative Balance Sheet
December 31, 2006 and 2005
Assets
Current assets
Property, plant, and equipment
Intangible assets
Total assets
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Total liabilities
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock
Retained earnings
Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity
DIF:
NAT:
5.
Increase (Decrease)
Amount
Percent
2006
2005
$150,000
450,000
20,700
$620,700
$130,000
400,000
30,000
$560,000
$ 20,000
50,000
(9,300)
$ 60,700
15.4%
12.5%
(31.0%)
10.8%
$ 70,000
200,000
$270,000
$ 80,000
250,000
$330,000
$ (10,000)
(50,000)
$(60,000)
(12.5%)
(20.0%)
(18.2%)
$225,000
125,700
$350,700
$150,000
80,000
$230,000
$ 75,000
45,700
$120,700
50.0%
57.1%
52.5%
$620,700
$560,000
$ 60,700
10.8%
Moderate
OBJ: 14-02
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
2006
$ 37,000
400,000
40,000
900,000
190,000
2005
$ 20,000
320,000
32,000
700,000
110,000
Prepare a comparative income statement, with vertical analysis, stating each item for both
2006 and 2005 as a percent of sales.
Comment upon significant changes disclosed by the comparative income statement.
ANS:
(a)
Malden Company
Comparative Income Statement
For Years Ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling expenses
Administrative expenses
Total operating expenses
Income before income tax
Income tax
Net income
(b)
Percent
100.0%
44.4
55.6%
21.1%
4.1
25.2%
30.3%
4.4
25.9%
2005
Amount
$700,000
320,000
$380,000
$110,000
20,000
$130,000
$250,000
32,000
$218,000
Percent
100.0%
45.7
54.3%
15.7%
2.9
18.6%
35.7%
4.6
31.1%
There was a 1.3% decrease in the cost of goods sold, and a 1.4% increase in administrative
expenses. However, the more significant increase of 5.4% in selling expenses offset the
1.3% decrease in cost of goods sold and contributed greatly to the 5.2% decrease in net
income.
DIF:
NAT:
6.
2006
Amount
$900,000
400,000
$500,000
$190,000
37,000
$227,000
$273,000
40,000
$233,000
Moderate
OBJ: 14-02
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
The following data are taken from the balance sheet at the end of the current year. Determine the (a)
working capital, (b) current ratio, and (c) acid-test ratio. Present figures used in your computations.
Round ratios to the nearest tenth.
Accounts payable
Accounts receivable
Accrued liabilities
Cash
Income tax payable
Inventory
Marketable securities
Notes payable, short-term
Prepaid expenses
ANS:
(a) Current assets ($595,000) - current liabilities ($244,000) = $351,000
(b) Current assets ($595,000) / current liabilities ($244,000) = 2.4
(c) Cash + marketable securities + accounts receivable ($440,000) / current liabilities
($244,000) = 1.8
DIF:
NAT:
$145,000
110,000
4,000
80,000
10,000
140,000
250,000
85,000
15,000
7.
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Average monthly inventory
Inventory, end of year
(a)
(b)
Current
Year
$3,600,000
2,000,000
332,000
372,000
Preceding
Year
$4,000,000
2,700,000
328,000
347,000
Determine for each year (1) the inventory turnover and (2) the number of days' sales in
inventory.
Comment on the favorable and unfavorable trends revealed by the data.
ANS:
(a)
(1)
(2)
(b)
Preceding
Year
6.0
8.2
67.90
46.91
$5,479
$7,397
Net sales decreased while gross profit increased. The cost of goods sold as a percentage of
sales decreased from 68% to 56%. The inventory turnover declined and the number of days'
sales in inventory increased, which are unfavorable trends.
DIF:
NAT:
8.
Current
Year
Current
Year
$123,000
129,012
950,000
Preceding
Year
$ 95,000
87,516
825,000
Assuming that credit terms on all sales are n/45, determine for each year (1) the accounts
receivable turnover and (2) the number of days' sales in receivables.
Comment on any significant trends revealed by the data.
ANS:
(a)
(1)
(2)
(b)
Current
Year
Preceding
Year
7.72
8.68
49.56
38.72
Although net sales increased during the current year, a favorable trend, several unfavorable
trends are disclosed by the analysis. The accounts receivable turnover has declined from
8.68 in the preceding year to 7.72 in the current year. Based on credit terms of n/45, a
turnover of less than 8 indicates that some receivables are not being collected within the
45-day period. Likewise, the number of days' sales in receivables indicates an unfavorable
trend, increasing from 38.72 at the end of the preceding year to 49.56 at the end of the
current year.
= 6.0%
(b)
Net income ($ 85,000)
---------------------------------------------------------------------($1,680,000 + $1,680,000)
Average stockholders' equity
--------------------------------2
= 5.1%
(c)
Net income ($85,000) - preferred dividends ($25,000)
-------------------------------------------------------------= 4.2%
Average common
($1,430,000 + $1,430,000)
stockholders' equity
------------------------------2
(d)
Net income ($85,000) - preferred dividends ($25,000)
------------------------------------------------------Shares of common stock outstanding (48,000)
= $1.25
= 21.6
(e)
(f)
Dividends per share of common stock ($1.25)
------------------------------------------------------Market price per share of common stock ($27)
DIF:
NAT:
= 4.6%
Moderate
OBJ: 14-03
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
10. The following information has been condensed from the December 31 balance sheets of Henry Co.:
Assets:
Current assets
Fixed assets (net)
Total assets
Liabilities:
Current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Total liabilities
Stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity
2006
2005
$ 825,500
1,473,600
$2,299,100
$ 674,300
1,275,300
$1,949,600
$ 313,500
703,000
$1,016,500
$1,282,600
$ 309,600
545,000
$ 854,600
$1,095,000
$2,299,100
$1,949,600
(a)
(b)
(c)
Determine the ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities for 2006 and 2005.
Determine the ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity for 2006 and 2005.
Comment on the year-to-year changes for both ratios.
ANS:
(a)
Ratio of fixed assets to
long-term liabilities
2006
2005
2.10
2.34
.79
.78
(b)
Ratio of liabilities to
stockholders' equity
(c)
There are fewer fixed assets on a proportionate basis to protect the interests of the longterm creditors. The interests of all the creditors in the total assets of the company, however,
are rising slightly from year-to-year when compared to the shareholders' equity in those
same assets.
DIF:
NAT:
Moderate
OBJ: 14-03
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
$125,000
$5,000
$1,000,000
$700,000
Determine the (a) rate earned on stockholders equity, and (b) rate earned on common stockholders
equity? Round your answer to one digit after the decimal place.
ANS:
(a)
Rate earned on stockholders equity = Net income / Average stockholders equity
Rate earned on stockholders equity = $125,000 / $1,000,000
Rate earned on stockholders equity = 12.5%
(b)
Rate earned on common stockholders equity = (Net income - preferred dividends) /
Average common stockholders equity
Rate earned on common stockholders equity = ($125,000 - $5,000) / $700,000
Rate earned on common stockholders equity = 17.1%
DIF:
NAT:
Moderate
OBJ: 14-03
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement
12. Selected data from the Conner Company are presented below:
Total assets
Average assets
Net income
Net sales
Average common stockholders' equity
Net cash provided by operating activities
Shares of common stock outstanding
$1,500,000
1,700,000
250,000
1,400,000
1,000,000
275,000
10,000
Instructions
Calculate the profitability ratios that can be computed from the above information.
ANS:
With the information provided, the profitability ratios that can be calculated are as follows:
1.
=
=
=
2.
=
=
=
3.
4.
DIF:
NAT:
=
=
$250,000 - 0 $1,000,000
25%
=
=
$250,000 10,000
$25 per share
Moderate
OBJ: 14-03
AACSB Analytic | AICPA FN-Measurement