Poli Law
Poli Law
Poli Law
ARTICLE. 6, SECTION 24
All appropriation, revenue or tariff bills, bills authorizing increase of the public debt, bills
of local application, and private bills shall originate exclusively in the House of
Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments.
CONSTI 1
provision in the House version and the absence thereof in the Senate Bill means there is no
conflict because a House provision cannot be in conflict with something that does not exist.
Escudero, et.al., also contend that R.A. No. 9337 grossly violates the constitutional imperative
on exclusive origination of revenue bills under Section 24 of Article 6 of the Constitution when
the Senate introduced amendments not connected with VAT. Coming to the issue of the validity
of the amendments made regarding the NIRC provisions on corporate income taxes and
percentage, excise taxes. Petitioners claim that the amendments to these provisions of the
NIRC did not at all originate from the House. They aver that House Bill No. 3555 proposed
amendments only regarding Sections 106, 107, 108, 110 and 114 of the NIRC, while House Bill
No. 3705 proposed amendments only to Sections 106, 107,108, 109, 110 and 111 of the NIRC;
thus, the other sections of the NIRC which the Senate amended but which amendments were
not found in the House bills are not intended to be amended by the House of Representatives.
Hence, they argue that since the proposed amendments did not originate from the House, such
amendments are a violation of Article VI, Section 24 of the Constitution.
They also reiterate that R.A. No. 9337s stand-by authority to the Executive to increase the VAT
rate, especially on account of the recommendatory power granted to the Secretary of Finance,
constitutes undue delegation of legislative power. They submit that the recommendatory power
given to the Secretary of Finance in regard to the occurrence of either of two events using the
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a benchmark necessarily and inherently required extended
analysis and evaluation, as well as policy making.
Petitioners also reiterate their argument that the input tax is a property or a property right. They
also contend that even if the right to credit the input VAT is merely a statutory privilege, it has
already evolved into a vested right that the State cannot remove.
ISSUES:
Whether or not R.A. No. 9337 violates Article 6, Section 24 of the Constitution.
HELD:
No. The argument does not hold water. R.A. No. 9337 does not violate Article 6, Section 24 of
the Constitution on Exclusive Origination of Revenue Bills.
In the present cases, petitioners admit that it was indeed House Bill Nos. 3555 and 3705 that
initiated the move for amending provisions of the NIRC dealing mainly with the value-added tax.
Upon transmittal of said House bills to the Senate, the Senate came out with Senate Bill No.
1950 proposing amendments not only to NIRC provisions on the value-added tax but also
amendments to NIRC provisions on other kinds of taxes. Is the introduction by the Senate of
provisions not dealing directly with the value- added tax, which is the only kind of tax being
amended in the House bills, still within the purview of the constitutional provision authorizing the
Senate to propose or concur with amendments to a revenue bill that originated from the House?
CONSTI 1
The foregoing question had been squarely answered in the Tolentino case, wherein the Court
held, thus:
. . . To begin with, it is not the law but the revenue bill which is required by the
Constitution to originate exclusively in the House of Representatives. It is important to
emphasize this, because a bill originating in the House may undergo such extensive
changes in the Senate that the result may be a rewriting of the whole. . . . At this point,
what is important to note is that, as a result of the Senate action, a distinct bill may be
produced. To insist that a revenue statute and not only the bill which initiated the
legislative process culminating in the enactment of the law must substantially be
the same as the House bill would be to deny the Senates power not only to concur
with amendments but also to propose amendments. It would be to violate the
coequality of legislative power of the two houses of Congress and in fact make the
House superior to the Senate.
Given, then, the power of the Senate to propose amendments, the Senate can
propose its own version even with respect to bills which are required by the
Constitution to originate in the House.
...
Indeed, what the Constitution simply means is that the initiative for filing revenue, tariff or
tax bills, bills authorizing an increase of the public debt, private bills and bills of local
application must come from the House of Representatives on the theory that, elected as
they are from the districts, the members of the House can be expected to be more
sensitive to the local needs and problems. On the other hand, the senators, who
are elected at large, are expected to approach the same problems from the
national perspective. Both views are thereby made to bear on the enactment of
such laws. (Emphasis supplied)
Since there is no question that the revenue bill exclusively originated in the House of
Representatives, the Senate was acting within its constitutional power to introduce
amendments to the House bill when it included provisions in Senate Bill No. 1950 amending
corporate income taxes, percentage, excise and franchise taxes. Verily, Article VI, Section 24 of
the Constitution does not contain any prohibition or limitation on the extent of the amendments
that may be introduced by the Senate to the House revenue bill.
Notably therefore, the main purpose of the bills emanating from the House of Representatives
is to bring in sizeable revenues for the government to supplement our countrys serious
financial problems, and improve tax administration and control of the leakages in revenues from
income taxes and value-added taxes. As these house bills were transmitted to the Senate, the
latter, approaching the measures from the point of national perspective, can introduce
amendments within the purposes of those bills. It can provide for ways that would soften the
impact of the VAT measure on the consumer, i.e., by distributing the burden across all sectors
instead of putting it entirely on the shoulders of the consumers.
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As the Court has said, the Senate can propose amendments and in fact, the amendments
made on provisions in the tax on income of corporations are germane to the purpose of the
house bills which is to raise revenues for the government.
Likewise, the Court finds the sections referring to other percentage and excise taxes germane
to the reforms to the VAT system, as these sections would cushion the effects of VAT on
consumers. Considering that certain goods and services which were subject to percentage tax
and excise tax would no longer be VAT-exempt, the consumer would be burdened more as they
would be paying the VAT in addition to these taxes. Thus, there is a need to amend these
sections to soften the impact of VAT.
The other sections amended by the Senate pertained to matters of tax administration which are
necessary for the implementation of the changes in the VAT system.
To reiterate, the sections introduced by the Senate are germane to the subject matter and
purposes of the house bills, which is to supplement our countrys fiscal deficit, among others.
Thus, the Senate acted within its power to propose those amendments.
MOTIONS FOR RECONSIDERATION DENIED. TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER
LIFTED.