MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC

ALPHA2
Programmable Logic Controller
Beginner's Manual

11 12 2009
Version B

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

About this manual

The texts, images, diagrams and examples in this manual serve only to clarify the installation,
operation, programming and use of PLCs from the ALPHA series.

In in doubt about the installation and operation of the devices described in this manual, do not
hesitate to contact your appropriate sales office or one of your distributors (see cover page).
Please go to the Web (www.mitsubishi-automation.de) for current information as well as answers to the most frequently asked questions.

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC EUROPE B.V. reserves the right to make technical changes to this
manual at any time without special notice.

20052009

Safety Guidelines
Target Group
This manual is aimed solely at properly trained electricians who are familiar with the safety
standards of automation technology. Only a properly trained electrician familiar with the safety
standards of automation technology may design, install, start up, service and test devices. Corrections made to our product hardware and software, unless they are described in this manual,
may be done only by our specialist staff.
Intended Use
PLCs from the ALPHA series are intended only for the scopes of application described in this
manual. Please make sure to comply with all the characteristics indicated in this manual. The
products were developed, manufactured, tested and documented in compliance with safety
standards. Unqualified corrections in hardware or software or noncompliance with the warnings
given in this manual or attached to the product can lead to serious personal injuries or property
damage. Use only accessories or add-ons recommended by MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC in conjunction with the PLCs from the ALPHA series.
Any application or usage that goes beyond this is considered unintended use.

ALPHA2

Safety Regulations
Comply with the safety and accident prevention regulations applicable to specific applications
when designing, installing, starting up, servicing and testing devices. In particular, adhere to the
following regulations (not an exhaustive list):
VDE regulations
VDE 0100
Regulations for setting up high-voltage equipment with nominal voltages up to 1000 V
VDE 0105
Operation of power installations
VDE 0113
Electrical devices with electronic operating controls
VDE 0160
Equipment of power installations and electronic operating controls
VDE 0550/0551
Requirements for transformers
VDE 0700
Safety of electrical devices for household application and similar purposes
VDE 0860
Safety requirements for line-powered electronic devices and related apparatus for household use and similar purposes
Fire prevention regulations
Accident prevention regulation
VBG No. 4
Electrical devices and operating controls

Hazard Warnings
The individual warnings have the following meaning:

II

DANGER:

ATTENTION:

Means that a danger to the life and health of the user exists if the appropriate precautionary measures are not taken.

Means a warning against possible damage to the device or other properties if the appropriate precautionary measures are not taken.

General Hazard Warnings and Safety Precautions

The following hazard warnings are to be understood as general guidelines for handling PLCs together with other devices. These warnings must be heeded when designing, installing and operating a control device.

DANGER:
Follow the safety and accident prevention regulations applicable to the specific instance of use. The mounting, wiring and opening of modules, components and devices
must be done in de-energized state.
Install modules, components and devices in a touch-proof housing with a proper cover
and protective mechanism.
For devices with a stationary power connection an all-pole line disconnector and
a fuse must be built into the building installation.
Check live cables and lines with with the devices are connected regularly for insulation
errors or ruptures. If an error in the cabling is discovered, immediately disconnect
the devices and cabling from the voltage supply and replace the defective cabling.
Prior to startup check whether the permissible line voltage range coincides with
the local line voltage.
Take the appropriate safety precautions to prevent a line or wire break on the signal
side from leading to uncertain states.
Take the necessary precautions to be able to restart properly an interrupted program
after voltage falls and losses. When this happens no hazardous operating conditions
should arise even for a short time.
As per DIN VDE 0641 part 1-3 residual current circuit breakers together with PLCs
as sole protection upon indirect contact are not adequate. For this reason, additional
or other protective measures must be taken.
In accordance with EN60204/IEC 204 VDE 0113 emergency stop devices must be
operative in all operating modes of the PLC. Releasing the emergency stop device
must not cause any uncontrolled or undefined restarting.
Take the appropriate safety precautions in the hardware and software to prevent a line
or wire break on the signal side from leading to uncertain states in the control.
Ensure strict adherence to electrical and physical characteristics at all times when
using modules.

ALPHA2

III

IV

ALPHA2
Beginner's Manual

A
B
B

Version
01/2003
08/2008
10/2009

Modifications/Additions/Corrections
pdp
pdp
pdp

Update to ALPHA2, new application examples

Translation into English

Content

Content

ALPHA2

Introduction

1.1

What are the advantages of small control? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

1.2

What is especially remarkable about ALPHA small control? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Basics

2.1

What exactly is small control? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

2.2

My controller processes what type of signals? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

2.3

How are signals processed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

System Structure

3.1

How is the ALPHA control structured? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

3.2

This is how I mount my control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.3

How do I connect my control? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Selection of Control

4.1

From idea to the appropriate control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

4.2

This is how I find the right control for myself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Programming

5.1

What is a program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

5.2

Basic logic functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.3

Expanded functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.4

Converting a control task into a program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

5.5

Inputting the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Content

Programming Examples

6.1

Outdoor lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

6.2

Stairwell light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

6.3

Roller shutter control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

6.4

Control of conveyor belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

6.5

Ventilation of an underground garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Expansion Options

7.1

Expansion modules and memory cassettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2

Communication options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

ALPHA2

Introduction

What are the advantages of simple application controllers?

Introduction

1.1

What are the advantages of simple application controllers?

Multifunctional controller
With its ALPHA simple application controller product line, Mitsubishi Electric offers a multifunctional controller where you can solve a multitude of control tasks by simply selecting one of the
integrated functions.
Time-saving, space-saving and cost-saving
The ALPHA controller makes single components such as relay, timers, clock, event counter,
running time meter, integrated clock, comparator, hysteresis controller and many more available to you in one single device.
However, the fusion of functions in one device does not only mean less space requirement but
also especially significant cost savings in development, assembly, wiring and material sourcing.
The purchase cost of the smallest ALPHA, for example, is hardly more than that of a professional
timer but it has four integrated timers and accomplishes several times more than a simple timer.
Fig. 1-1:
Many functions combined in one device

ALPHA Simple Application Controller

ALPHA2

1-1

What are the advantages of simple application controllers?

Introduction

Simple to program
All functions can be set up by programming on the device or by means of a user-friendly software
via a separate personal computer. You can forget old cost-intensive and time-consuming wiring
solutions once and for all. Once the application changes, the control task is integrated more
comprehensively later on or additional functions should be integrated later. This is easily done by
making changes in the program or through expansion modules. With a simple ALPHA controller
you can achieve an yet unknown degree of flexibility.

Control

Counter modules
Clock generator

Displays
Timer

Relay
Potentiometer

Fig. 1-2:

1-2

Various programmable functions

Introduction

1.2

What is especially remarkable about ALPHA controllers?

What is especially remarkable about ALPHA controllers?

Control and display unit in one
The ALPHA controller is not only a multifunctional device for switching, controlling and regulating
but also has a built-in display unit through which the program can be inputted and changed and
through which information about all processes can be displayed.
This is not an inflexible display but a device where you can determine yourself what is shown on it.
It is, for example, conceivable to display descriptive texts, switching states, counter values, analog
values, times of day and operating times, etc. In addition, the function of buttons on the front panel
can be linked to the program and freely defined so that you can input values while interacting with the
display or change switch states. So what you have with the ALPHA is a small controller and panel
with display in one device.
Fig. 1-3:
Control panel and display unit

Universally and flexibly applicable

ALPHA controllers were designed to be applicable almost universally. Apart from private households and residential buildings, the ALPHA can be used in industry, in public buildings such as
shopping centers, processing operations, nurseries, banks, offices and many others.
The areas of application go from lighting, heating, air-conditioning, ventilation to alarm systems,
access controls, gate controls as well as small machines, watering systems, energy management, etc. Customization to the respective working area is just done through the program.
Fig. 1-4:
Various areas of application

Building equipment
and appliances

ALPHA2

Greenhouses

Public facilities

Industrial
application

Heating/airconditioning

Machines

1-3

What is especially remarkable about ALPHA controllers?

1-4

Introduction

Basics

What exactly is a small application controller?

Basics

2.1

What exactly is a small application controller?

A controller is a system where one or more input quantities are recorded and processed internally by the system, thereby affecting various output quantities.
Signals such as switching states are entered via control inputs, processed in the controller by
a program and forwarded to outputs to be switched. Controls work according to the information
processing principle where data is always inputted, processed and the processing results output. They therefore have:
an input level,
a processing level and
an output level.

Input signals

Fig. 2-1:
Information processing principle

24 V

(A) (B)

IN

Input level

Processing level

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

Output level

Relay outputs
Transistor
outputs

Input level
The input level has the task of delivering control signals to the processing level. Typical components are switches, buttons and sensors. The signals of these components originate in the control process and are thus delivered as logical state of the input level. The input level delivers the
signals in processed form to the processing level.
Processing level
The signals recorded and processed by the input level are processed in the processing level by
a saved program and logically linked. The processing level has a program memory that is freely
programmable. Changing the processing operation is possible at any time by changing or exchanging the saved program.
Output level
The results of the logic operation of the program from the processing level as output signals can
affect the control of actuators of physical parameters.
The signals delivered by the processing level are processed for the control of outputs since voltage
level and carrying capacity of processing and output levels differ from each other. What happens
then in the output level is a signal adjustment via the so-called output interface which carries out
power amplification and energy conversion.

ALPHA2

2-1

My controller processes what type of signals?

2.2

Basics

My controller processes what type of signals?

Binary input signals
We basically distinguish between two signal states: ON and OFF or "1" and "0". Switching states
are triggered in the output level of the controller depending on the binary input signals.
Binary signals can be realized by switching contacts (pushbuttons, relays, contactors, etc.) contactless with semiconductors (transistors) or with other controllers or switch elements.
Analog input signals
An input signal can appear as an analog signal with a continuously variable range. Analog signals, for example, can be delivered by a potentiometer in the form of a variable electrical voltage.
The analog value is converted into a digital value and is available for internal processing.
ALPHA controllers with DC voltage supply offer the possibility of processing analog signals
from 0 to +10 V.
Binary signals

Analog signals

10
ON
5
OFF
0

10

11 12

13

14 15

POWER
220V AC

ESC

+
OK

AL2-24MR-A

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

RELAY
OUTPUT
OUT

OUT3

Fig. 2-2:

2.3

Internal processing of signals by program

How are signals processed?

As already described above, input signals are processed in the processing level of the ALPHA controller by means of the saved program. The program or the "software" here uses so-called function blocks. These function blocks process every input or output as well as internal functions
such as time function elements, counters, auxiliary switches, etc.
These functions can then be retrieved or addressed and logically linked to each other in the control program. More about this in Chapter 5.

2-2

System Structure

What is the structure of the ALPHA controller?

System Structure

3.1

What is the structure of the ALPHA controller?

The ALPHA controller has a terminal block for input signals and a terminal block for outputs.
The usual buttons, switches, brightness and temperature sensors, motions sensors, etc. can be
connected to the input terminals with the switching contact. In addition, some ALPHA controllers
have the option of connecting analog signal transmitters such as thermal sensors, pressure
gauges, moisture meters, etc. that output a variable voltage signal.
In devices with relay outputs you can connect electric loads to be controlled such as lamps,
pumps, jalousie motors, fans or valves directly to the outputs.
All ALPHA controllers also have a connection for a personal computer through which the control
can be easily programmed.
Fig. 3-1:
Connection of signal transmitters and peripheral equipment

ALPHA2

3-1

This is how I mount my controller

System Structure

Terminal
block for digital/
analog inputs

Terminals
for voltage
supply
Hole for fastening screw

Connection for PC,

GSM, modem or
other automation
components

Slot for DIN rail

mounting

LC display and
8 function keys

Expansion slot for

EEPROM cassette
or connection for
personal computer

Fig. 3-2:

3.2

Cover (placeholder)
for an expansion
module

Cover

Terminal block for

digital outputs

Description of control

This is how I mount my controller

Using the integrated DIN rail adapter fasten the basic device on a DIN rail (top-hat rail) in the
switch cabinet.
Make sure that the controller locks securely onto the DIN rail.
Alternatively you can fasten the control to an even base using suitable fastening screws.
Fig. 3-3:
Fastening options

3-2

System Structure

3.3

How do I connect my controller?

How do I connect my controller?

Be sure to cut off the corresponding voltage source before connecting the voltage supply!
Unscrew the terminal screws and insert the insulated cable ends into the terminal screws. Make
sure the screws are securely fitted!
Then carry out the wiring of the inputs and outputs. You can connect the usual buttons, switches
or sensors directly to the inputs. You can connect electric loads to be controlled such as lamps,
pumps, roller shutter motors, valves, etc. directly to the outputs. In any case, be sure that the current consumption of the electric load does not exceed the maximum current carrying capacity
of the output.
Afterwards connect the supply voltage. Pay special attention to correct polarity in DC voltage
modules!
After successful assembly check all connections once again and switch on the supply voltage. If the
supply voltage is correctly connected the LC display must light up.

Voltage supply connection

Fig. 3-4:
Wiring of terminals

Wiring of
inputs and outputs

ALPHA2

3-3

How do I connect my controller?

3-4

System Structure

Selection of Controller

From idea to the appropriate controller

Selection of Controller

4.1

From idea to the appropriate controller

Controls are available in different versions in terms of voltage supply and the choice of inputs
and outputs. To find the control type that matches your intended use, you must first be clear how
many electric loads or switching functions should be controlled and how much varying input data
you must enter for the planned control operation.
The table below contains an overview of controller types that are currently available, listed according to voltage supply and number of inputs/outputs. On the following page you will find a help
section for selecting the right controller for you.
The basic differences are the voltage supply connections. All modules with DC voltage supply
also offer the possibility of detecting analog signals on the inputs.
Unoccupied inputs or outputs can be used for later expansions of the controllers task. However,
even when all inputs and outputs are occupied, the capacity in the ALPHA2 can be expanded
using expansion modules.

Voltage supply

Output type

ALPHA

Digital

Analog
inputs

Outputs

Switching
capacity

100240 V AC

Relay
outputs

AL210MR-A
AL2-14MR-A
AL2-24MR-A

6
8
15

4
6
9

Max. 8 A
375 VA (in 250 V)

24 V DC

Relay
outputs

AL2-10MR-D
AL2-14MR-D
AL2-24MR-D

6
8
15

6
8
8

4
6
9

Max. 8 A
375 VA (in 250 V)

Tab. 4-1: Overview of types

Areas of application
While, for example, the "small" ALPHAs such as the AL2-10MR-A are perfectly suitable for simple applications such as those found in household appliances and building equipment, the "large"
ALPHA can solve more complex tasks such as machine or process controls in the industrial field.
Please refer to Chapter 7 for more information about expansion and extension options for the ALPHA.

ALPHA2

4-1

This is how I can find the right controller for myself

4.2

Selection of Controller

This is how I can find the right controller for myself

The following table should simplify the selection of the right controller for you. The answers to the
following questions will help you to quickly find the required controller (see column ).
Whether you are looking for a self-sufficient system for simple switching tasks or wish to solve
more complex tasks, ALPHA2 is always the right choice.

How many signals, i.e. external switch contacts, buttons and sensors, must be detected?

How many functions or electric loads must be switched?

Which voltage supply is available?

This is the right controller for you!

Type

Number of Number of
Voltage supply
inputs
outputs

Output type

Max. switching capacity

per output terminal

Controller

100240 V AC

Relay

8 A in 250 V AC/30 V DC

AL2-10MR-A

100240 V AC

Relay

8 A in 250 V AC/30 V DC

AL2-10MR-D

100240 V AC

Relay

8 A in 250 V AC/30 V DC

AL2-14MR-A

1224 V DC

Relay

8 A in 250 V AC/30 V DC

AL2-14MR-D

15

100240 V AC

Relay

8 A in 250 V AC/30 V DC

AL2-24MR-A

15

1224 V DC

Relay

8 A in 250 V AC/30 V DC

AL2-24MR-A

ALPHA 2

Tab. 4-2: Selection aid

4-2

Programming

What is a program?

Programming

5.1

What is a program?
The program of a controller can be compared to the wiring of a conventional machine. While
switches, contactors and indicator lamps there, for example, are connected to each other according to the control task, the function of the ALPHA controller is specified with the program.
However, to program the ALPHA controller you do not need to learn any complicated programming
language. Preprogrammed function blocks simplify the solution even of complex control tasks.
A function block has one or more inputs and one output. The input signals are detected, processed according to function and the result output at the output of the function block.

Four individual switches

as OR function. If one of
the switches is actuated,
a current flows.

The function block

can be assigned to
one or more inputs
and outputs of the
control. The program thus represents
the "internal wiring"
of the controller with
various function
modules appropriate
for the application.

The same OR function as

function block in the program of the control.

Fig. 5-1:

Meaning of a function block

During programming the desired function (such as the user-friendly control of stairwell lighting)
is divided into individual functions that can be implemented with function blocks. To implement
the entire function, link the individual function blocks and you will obtain the program.
Incidentally, the ALPHA controller can be programmed with the integrated control panel buttons.
In addition, the software called AL-PCS/WIN-EU for personal computers with Microsoft Windows interface is available. This simplifies the programming because of the graphical representation of the function blocks.
Conventional
circuit diagram

Implementation via controller program

S0
+

S0 K10-1

K10

(A) (B)

S1
1

10 11 12 13 14 15

I01

POWER
24V DC

ESC

+
-

S1

I07

OK

O02

AL2-24MR-D

OUT1

K10

Fig. 5-2:

ALPHA2

M1

OUT2

OUT3

RELAY
OUTPUT
OUT4
OUT

M1

Comparison of circuit diagram and program

5-1

Basic logic functions

5.2

Programming

Basic logic functions

When wiring switching elements, basic logic functions that also form the basis of an ALPHA program are implemented. The logic operations below give an overview of the basic functions existing in the ALPHA.
The graphics show, apart from the familiar circuit diagram, the respective function block as it is
also shown and programmed in the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software, as well as what is shown on the
ALPHA controller display.
By the way, it does not matter if a function block has more inputs than you need. The ALPHA controller "thinks" and considers only the actual circuit in the function.

Circuit Diagram

AND operation:
"AND" function block
Series connection of make contacts:
All switches must be actuated so that the electric circuit is closed.

Function Block

Display

1
2
3
4

00

1
2
3
4

00

1
2
3
4

00

OR operation:
"OR" function block
Parallel connection of make contacts:
Activation of one switch is enough to close the
electric circuit.
NAND logic:
"NAND" function block
Parallel connection of break contacts:
To interrupt the electric circuit all switches
must be actuated.
NOR logic:
"NOR" function block
Series connection of break contacts:
If one switch is actuated, the electric circuit is
interrupted.

5-2

O
OR

O
NAND

00

1
2
3
4

00

1
2
3
4

00

Inversion (reversing a signal):

"NT" function block
Break contact: Upon actuation the electric circuit is interrupted and is closed when the
switch is not actuated.

AND

1
2
3
4

Exclusive OR operation:
"XOR" function block
Two-way circuit: Is switched on when one switch
is actuated. The additional actuation of the other switch interrupts the electric circuit again.

O
NOR

O
XOR

O
NOT

Programming

5.3

Expanded functions

Expanded functions
Of course, the ALPHA controller has more to offer than the basic logic operations. You substitute
a whole selection of contactors, relays, timers and counters for applicable function blocks that
you only need to connect.
A small selection of the most important functions is listed below.

Set/reset: "SR" function block

000

The output of this function module is closed if

the S input is closed and remains closed even
after there is no more signal on S. The output of the
SR function block is opened again only by a signal
on the R input.

S
R

SR
Application example: Replacing the lock
when controlling via buttons

000

Detecting change in a signal state:

"PL" function block
Only when the input signal is switched on is an
individual pulse outputted on the output. The
function block can also be set so that the output
pulse appears when the input is opened.

PL
Application example: Wiping contact,
pulse-edge evaluation

000

Latch relay: "AL" function block

I
C

The output is closed by an input pulse and opened

by another input impulse.

AL
Application example:
Switching on or off with only one button

000

Switching delay: "DL" function block

I
C

A closing or release delay can be done selectively with this function block.

DL
Application example:
Shut-off delay of a light

000

Pulse generator: "OS" function block

After the input signal is switched on the output is
closed for a time that you can specify in the
range from 0 to 3267 s.

I
C

OS
Application example:
Stairwell lighting

ALPHA2

5-3

Expanded functions

Programming

Clock: "FL" function block

Clock with freely selectable make and
break times (respectively in the range from
0 to 3267 seconds)

000
I

FL
Application example: Triggering an indicator
lamp, periodically recurring event

Time switch: "TS" function block

Time switches offer extensive setting options.
Apart from switching at a certain time of day and
on a certain date, weekly (e.g. always on Mondays and Fridays), monthly (e.g. always on the
12th of each month) or yearly switching (e.g. always on July 15) can also be set.

000
P

TS
Application example: Light control, event control
dependent on time of day

Event counter: "CN" function block

The input pulses are counted. If the preset setpoint
(max. 32767) is reached, the output is closed. The
counter can be cleared by another input.

000
I
C

CN
Application example: Counting pieces or
products in a production line

Sending news via SMS:

"GSM SMS" function block
A GSM modem connected externally to the
ALPHA2 control can send an SMS message to
one or more mobile telephone(s) (GSM band)
or an e-mail or fax receiver with the help of this
function block.
NOTE

5-4

000
I

SMS
Application example: Sending an alarm message
via SMS in case of error or a certain operating state

Only a small part of the available function blocks can be presented in this beginner's manual.
The function blocks shown here therefore represent only an excerpt of the total of 38 function
blocks. Please refer to the programming manuals for the ALPHA for detailed information.

Programming

5.4

Converting a control task into a program

Converting a control task into a program

Conversion made simple
If you already have experience in logic circuitry, you will have absolutely no problems in converting the control task into a program. However, inexperienced users as well will quickly become familiar with the logic of the system.
In many cases a division into individual function blocks already follows from the description of
a control task. These function blocks could be those for the following pump control to fill a container.
The start/stop control should be done via buttons. The level is detected by a level switch. The pump
is connected directly to a controller output.
If a button is actuated and if the minimum level is not reached, the pump motor is switched on. It runs
as long as either the maximum level is reached or the stop button is actuated. (Since buttons are
used for the control, a "set/reset" function block must be used). The diagram below shows the design
of the process.
Inputs
Button
ON

Level switch

AND
function

I01
MIN

I02

AND

Set/Reset

SET

OR
function

Button

Level switch

I03

Pump

S
Output

O02

MAX

I04

Fig. 5-3:

OR

Basic control via function blocks

Program creation
The program example below shows how simple the design can be converted into a program with
function blocks.
The function blocks symbolically reflect precisely the function and are simply linked to the inputs
and outputs as well as to each other.
The ALPHA programing software AL-PCS/WIN-EU offers the most user-friendly programming possibility via a PC or notebook. Here the necessary function blocks are merged and linked on a graphical interface by drag and drop using the mouse. You therefore need no special programming knowledge.
The other possibility is to input the program via the ALPHA control buttons. Here, too, you make use
of graphical symbols that link you on the control display.

Fig. 5-4:
Program creation with AL-PCS/WIN

ALPHA2

5-5

Inputting the program

5.5

Programming

Inputting the program

Programming with the ALPHA control buttons
All inputs to create an executable program can be done using the eight buttons of the ALPHA controller.
After being switched on the startup menu appears on the display. The desired function can be quickly
and easily selected via the cursor buttons.
The selection or entries are confirmed via the OK button. You can end the entry or a step or jump to
a menu level using the ESC button.
In the program creation menu you can then add a function block or a link, increase a value or easily
scroll through the menu using the "+" button. You can cancel links, decrease values or scroll back
through the menu using the "-" button.
Display
with menu
ESC button
ESC

ESC

+
OK

Plus/minus
buttons

Display with
function block
display

OK

Cursor buttons

Fig. 5-5:

OK button

Display representation

Programming with the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software

Programming in conjunction with a PC using the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software can be even more userfriendly than programming via the buttons on the ALPHA.
The graphic display of the function blocks in the software simplifies the programming. The fact
that the inputs are shown on the left and outputs on the right side of the screen helps in programming from "left to right". The program can be simulated and the correct function of the program tested before transfering it to the controller even without an ALPHA controller connected.
To transfer the program to the controller, the PC is connected to the ALPHA controller via a separate cable. However, data can also be exchanged via modem.
Once controller and PC are connected, the current program status can also be monitored.
Fig. 5-6:
Connection to a PC

5-6

Programming Examples

Outdoor lighting

Programming Examples
NOTE

6.1

The circuit diagrams in the examples are for information purposes. They do not consider the particular features of your application. When planning, wiring, installing and starting up an electrical
device, be sure to follow applicable provisions and guidelines, especially the VDE regulations.

Outdoor lighting
An ALPHA2 is used to control the outdoor lighting of a company building. The control task can
be quickly and easily solved by combining an external dimmer switch with ALPHA time switches.
The number of circuits is limited only by the available outputs. It is conceivable, for example, to
have lights with different switch times for the entrance area, the parking area and the paths to
the entrance doors.

Fig. 6-1: Schematic diagram of outdoor lighting

Description of operation
When dusk sets in the lamps are switched on by a brightness sensor. An ALPHA time switch
switches the light off at night and back on again early in the morning (to save energy!). The dimmer switch promptly switches off the outdoor lighting again if it is bright enough.
On weekends when there is no work the outdoor lighting is switched off completely.
The lights can be switched on through a button on the ALPHA control to test the lamps. This permanent connection is switched off at the latest by the control time switch unless it has not been
manually switched off earlier through a second actuation of the button.
The ALPHA display indicates:
the current time of day (summer and winter times are automatically taken into account)
the switch-off and switch-on time
the current switching state of the lights
(ON or OFF)
The switch times can be quickly and easily
changed through the control buttons.

ALPHA2

ZEIT: 14:22
AUS:

23:00

EIN:

06:00

STATUS: AUS

ESC

+
OK

6-1

Outdoor lighting

Programming Examples
Assignment of inputs/outputs
Function

Address

Label

Assignment

I01

S1

When darkness falls I01 is switched on.

Entrance lights

O01

H1

Output switched = light ON

Parking area lights

O02

H2

For extension, output switched = light ON

Path lights

O03

H3

K8

Inputs
Dimmer switch
Outputs

ALPHA control buttons

 (left cursor)

To manually switch lights on and off

Tab. 6-1: Assignment of Inputs/Outputs

Control circuitry
The following diagram shows the circuitry of the existing program example using an ALPHA2
with 230 V voltage supply.
A standard dimmer switch is connected to input 1 (I01)
(e.g. Conrad product No. 622206).
The light devices to be controlled are connected directly to the control outputs. However, make
sure that the maximum current carrying capacity of the outputs is not exceeded.

Fig. 6-2:
Control circuitry

L
N

(A) (B)

10

11 12 13

14 15

POWER
230V AC

Time:
OFF:
ON:
Status:

12:10
20:00
06:00
OFF

ESC

+
OK

AL2-24MR-A

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

RELAY
OUTPUT
OUT

Expansion options
Beyond the program example presented here, it is also conceivable, for example, to have the additional connection of motion sensors or external light switches.
Apart from the lights other functions such as sprinkler pumps, outdoor advertising, automatic
doors, etc. can naturally be managed by the same controller as well.

6-2

Programming Examples

Outdoor lighting

Program example with the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software

The diagram below shows the associated program programmed by using the AL-PCS/WIN-EU
software.
For overview reasons, only the programming for the entrance lights is presented. However, all
parts are identical.

Fig. 6-3:

Function block diagram in the software

Description of the program

The lighting can be switched off at night by the time switch through the AND operation of the dimmer switch (S1, I01) and switch clock. The light is on only if the dimmer switch and the output of
the clock are closed. For this reason, the switch clock is set so that its output is opened at the time
when the lighting should be switched off as well (e.g. around 10 pm OFF and around 6 am ON).
Through the OR function block, which is programmed subsequent to the AND function block, it
is ensured that the lighting can be switched either through dimmer switch and clock or through
an ALPHA control button.
The ALT function is used to store the button signal. When the button is pressed initially, the output of the ALT function block is closed, and once again opened when pressed the next time. For
the switch clock to be able to switch off this output as well, the output signal of the clock is
"turned" by the NOT function block and conducted to the clear input of the ALT function. If, for
example, the clock output opens around 10 pm, the clear input is closed, thus canceling the
manual activation.
The DISPLAY function blocks are used to display the times and switching states. The "ON" and
"OFF" texts are shown if the input of the DISPLAY function block is closed. To show that the light
is switched off, output O01 is conducted through a NOT function block, thus converting the signal state.

ALPHA2

6-3

Outdoor lighting

Programming Examples
User-friendly setting functions
The AL-PCS/WIN-EU software likewise offers, apart from the programming functions described, a series of user-friendly additional menus with which you can comment on individual
function blocks or enter settings and parameters.

Double-clicking with the left mouse button on

a function block will open a dialog window where,
for example, a commentary can be entered.

More complex function blocks such as those

in this time switch program or the DISPLAY
function blocks can be parameterized quickly
and clearly through the dialog window.
Enter the switching times for the lights in a table
in the "real-time" dialog window.
On the next page you will find how you can
subsequently change switch times even without a connected PC.

In the Display dialog box you can enter the

texts in plain text that should appear on the
display under the given conditions.

6-4

Programming Examples

Outdoor lighting

Changing switching times on the ALPHA controller

The switching times can be changed quickly during operation using the control buttons.

With the  or  cursor buttons choose the

time which you wish to change.

ZEIT: 14:21

The chosen time flashes.

AUS:

22:00

EIN:

06:00

STATUS: AUS

ESC

+
OK

Pressing the OK button will show the settings

of the time switch.

B004: TS#02/
12345 1.
-MDMDF22:00 -> AUS

ESC

+
OK

With the , ,  and  buttons place the cursor on the setting that should be adjusted.
Then with the "+" or "-" button
choose the new value.

B004: TS#02/
12345 1.
-MDMDF22:00 -> AUS

ESC

+
OK

After pressing the OK button the controller

will adopt the new settings.

ZEIT: 14:22
AUS:

23:00

EIN:

06:00

STATUS: AUS

ESC

+
OK

With this example it becomes evident how simple subsequent changes are possible even without a PC.

ALPHA2

6-5

Stairwell light

6.2

Programming Examples

Stairwell light
The control for floor or stairwell light is a classic case of application for the ALPHA.
In this example the lighting of building floors and stairwells are controlled via switches and the
integrated time switch function block of the ALPHA.
Deactivation happens automatically by means of switching delay if the light was not manually
switched off. At night the light can also be switched on automatically by means of the time switch
function.

Fig. 6-4:

Schematic diagram of a stairwell light

Description of operation
Pressing the button (S1, S2 or S3) will switch the light ON and OFF.
The light, for example, can be switched on via S1 and then switched off via S3. This function is
also obtained via one and the same switch.
If DURATION switch S4 is not switched on, the lighting is automatically switched off again after
6 minutes after the light was switched on via buttons S1 to S3. However, the light can also be
switched off manually and early via buttons S1 to S3.
If DURATION switch S4 is switched on, automatic switch-off is deactivated. The light can then
be switched off manually only via buttons S1 to S3.
The lighting is switched on daily from 6 pm to 10 pm. During this time actuation of switches S1
to S3 will have no effect.

6-6

Programming Examples

Stairwell light

Assignment of inputs/outputs
Function

Address

Label

Assignment

Stairwell button 1

I01

S1

The input is closed when the button is pressed.

Stairwell button 2

I02

S2

Stairwell button 3

I03

S3

Continuous light

I04

S4

Switch

O01

H1

Output switched = light ON

Inputs

Outputs
Lighting

Tab. 6-2: Assignment of Inputs/Outputs

Control circuitry
The following diagram shows the circuit of the existing program example using an ALPHA with
230 V voltage supply.
The buttons for switching on and off are connected to inputs 1 to 3 (I01 to I03). The switch for
the continuous light are connected to input I04.
The light devices to be controlled are connected directly to the control outputs. However, make
sure that the maximum current carrying capacity of the outputs is not exceeded.
Fig. 6-5:
Control circuitry
I01

I02

I03

I04

L
N

S1

S2

S3

L
L

10

11 12

13 14 15

POW ER
22 0V AC

ESC

AL2-24MR-A

OK

AL2-24MR-A

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

RELAY
OUTPUT
OUT

Lighting

O01

Expansion options
Instead of buttons, for example, motion detectors can be connected as well. A light sensor can
be connected for brightness-dependent control.
Floor-dependent stairwell lighting is also conceivable.

ALPHA2

6-7

Stairwell light

Programming Examples
Program example with the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software
The diagram below shows the associated program programmed by using the AL-PCS/WIN-EU
software.

Fig. 6-6:

Function block diagram in the software

Description of the program

When buttons S1, S2 and S3 are pressed, a pulse is generated which reverses the output of the
ALT function block and thus output O01 as well. This ensures the manual switching of the lights.
At the same time, with output O01 the closing delay (DELAY function block) is activated by the
latch relay and the time starts to run. If the light was switched off in the meantime with a button,
the input of the ALT function block is closed via OR operation after the set time elapses. The output state of the latch relay changes and the light is switched off. Switching of the closing delay
works in the same manner as actuation of buttons S1, S2 and S3.
The DELAY function block on input I04 is locked through switch S4, preventing automatic deactivation. The light is lit continuously. But buttons S1, S2 or S3 continue to be operative and can
be used to switch off the light.
The OR function block in front of output O01 ensures that the lighting can be controlled by the latching relay or by the time switch. The time switch carries out the automatic activation of the lights.

6-8

Programming Examples

6.3

Roller shutter control

Roller shutter control

The roller shutters of a residential house can be easily controlled using conventional roller shutter drives and an ALPHA control. Apart from manual control, an automatic operation with brightness-controlled lowering and time-controlled raising of roller shutters is also available.
In this example the control of a window roller shutter and a patio roller shutter is demonstrated.
The program is expandable to other drives depending on the requirement.

Fig. 6-7:

Schematic diagram of a roller shutter control

Description of operation
The switch clock allows the dimmer switch to lower the roller shutters starting from 5 pm when it
gets dark. The output signal to lower can remain switched on. The roller shutter drives have internal limit switches.
On weekdays the roller shutters are opened around 8 am, on the weekend only around 9 am.
The position of the roller shutters can be affected manually via two buttons on each drive. No additional change-over switch is needed in windows to select manual or automatic mode! If a buttons is pressed longer than 2 seconds, the roller shutter goes in the corresponding direction. The
other button is pressed briefly to stop. At the next automatic switching the manually adjusted roller shutters are "carried along" and go to the preset end position.
Roller shutters for the patio door have a special feature. In order, for example, to prevent the roller shutter from automatically lowering on a summer night while people are on the patio, another
switch is installed for this purpose. Only when this switch is actuated will the roller shutter close
automatically. This switch can be designed as door contact: only after people have left the patio
and the door is closed will the roller shutter go down automatically.

ALPHA2

6-9

Roller shutter control

Programming Examples

Assignment of inputs/outputs
Function

Address

Label

Assignment

Dimmer switch

I01

S1

When it gets dark I01 is closed.

Window roller shutter OPEN

I02

S2

Button; the input is closed when pressed.

Window roller shutter CLOSED

I03

S3

Patio roller shutter AUTO

I04

S4

Patio roller shutter OPEN

I05

S5

Patio roller shutter CLOSED

I06

S6

Button; the input is closed when pressed.

Open window roller shutter

O01

K1

Close window roller shutter

O02

K2

Open patio roller shutter

O03

K3

Close patio roller shutter

O04

K4

When an output is switched on, the roller shutter

moves to the corresponding direction.
The outputs can remain switched on continuously
since the drives automatically turn off through internal
limit switches.

Inputs

When the switch is actuated and when darkness falls

the roller shutter is automatically closed.

Outputs

Tab. 6-3: Assignment of Inputs/Outputs

Control circuitry
In the diagram below a conventional dimmer switch is connected to input 1 (I01) of an ALPHA
with 230 V voltage supply. The buttons for manual control are linked to other inputs.
The roller shutter motors to be controlled (conventional tube motors with limit stop) are connected
directly to the control outputs.
L
N

Fig. 6-8:
Control circuitry of the roller shutter control

230 V, 50 Hz

OPEN
OPEN

S1

AUTO
CLOSE

S2

S3

S4

10

CLOSE

S5

S6

11 12 13 14 15

POWER
220V AC

ES C

+
OK

AL2 -24MR-A

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

Window

Patio

RELAY
OUTPUT
OUT

Expansion options
A sunlight sensor (an additional input), for example, can protect plants from strong sunlight or
prevent the room from heating up. In order not to plunge the room in total darkness, the roller
shutters in this case are not completely closed but are lowered only for a certain time.

6 - 10

Programming Examples

Roller shutter control

Program example with the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software

The diagram below shows the associated program programmed by using the AL-PCS/WIN-EU
software.

Fig. 6-9:

Function block diagram in the software

Function Block

Parameterization

Remark

TIMESW

Monday to Friday: 7 am ON
Saturday & Sunday: 9 am ON
Daily: 5 pm OFF

The times can be adjusted to the individual

conditions (e. g. vacation).

Pulse length 1 second

When the output of the switch clock is closed,

one pulse is generated to open the rollers.

Evaluation of rising edge

Pulse to close the roller shutters

Closing delay of 2 s

When a button is pressed, the roller shutter

drive is switched on after the closing delay
elapses.

ONESHOT
PULSE
ONDELAY

Tab. 6-4: Description of special function blocks

ALPHA2

6 - 11

Roller shutter control

Programming Examples

Description of the program

Since the switching is done using buttons and brief pulses have to be cached, S/R function
blocks are used. The OR function blocks placed before the SET and RESET inputs cause the
setting and resetting of outputs through different signal sources. The S/R function blocks for
opening the roller shutters are set by the switch clock or the buttons. However, the clock signal
must not be switched on all the time because then lowering the roller shutters by hand would no
longer be possible. For this reason, a brief pulse is generated by the ONESHOT function block
when the clock is switched on and this pulse causes the roller shutter to go up.
The buttons for manual control act on a set input through closing delays (ONDELAY) and directly on a reset input. Briefly pressing the buttons will stop the roller shutters and only when
pressed longer they will move to the corresponding direction.
A reset input, for instance, to close the roller shutters, is closed respectively by the set input of
the other function (in this example: "open"). This prevents both outputs from being closed simultaneously.
To lower the roller shutters when it gets dark, the switch clock output is inverted by the NOT function block and conducted to two AND operations. The input of the AND function blocks are
closed with an open clock output. Now when the dimmer switch switches, the roller shutters are
lowered. Since the PULSE function blocks detect only the closing of the dimmer switch, the roller
shutters, if necessary, can be opened manually even when it is dark.
The signal of dimmer switch S1 is merged with switch S4 through an AND function block for the
roller of the patio door. If switch S4 is actuated ("Auto position) the roller lowers with the other roller shutters when it gets dark. However, if S4 is opened when darkness falls, the patio roller shutter lowers only if the switch is actuated.

6 - 12

Programming Examples

6.4

Control of conveyor belts

Control of conveyor belts

In this application the ALPHA controls three conveyor belts at the outlet of a production facility
(for instance, coating of chip boards used to make furniture). The machine places the product
on the first conveyor belt. The quality of the plate is checked and rejects removed on the second
conveyor belt. The third conveyor belt serves as approval area for qualitatively perfect products.
The program can easily be expanded to control more than three conveyor belts by copying the
program section for controlling the middle belt and equipping it with the corresponding input and
output signals.

Fig. 6-10: Outlet of a production system with conveyor belts

Description of operation
The machine places the finished product on conveyor belt 1. If conveyor belt 2 is free, the product is brought from belt 1 to belt 2 and the next product can now be placed on belt 1.
The product undergoes a quality check on belt 2. For this reason, it stops here for a time that can
be set in the ALPHA controller. If the quality is poor the wooden plate is removed from the belt.
If the quality meets requirements, the plate is automatically brought from belt 2 to belt 3 after the
testing period elapses. However, the operator can also interrupt the waiting time by pressing a button and cause the plate to go further immediately.
The plates are then removed from belt 3. In the event of a jam the products always move up to
the next free belt. This also happens if belt 3 is still occupied, a product of poor quality is removed
from belt 2 and a new product has already been placed on belt 1.

ALPHA2

6 - 13

Control of conveyor belts

Programming Examples

Assignment of inputs/outputs
Function

Address

Label

Assignment

I01

S1

Proximity switch
(input closed = belt occupied)

Belt 2 occupied

I02

S2

Belt 3 occupied

I03

S3

Mechanical limit switch

(input closed = belt occupied)

Bring product to belt 3

I04

S4

Manually operated button

Switch on belt 1

O01

K1

(output closed = belt running)

Switch on belt 2

O02

K2

Inputs
Belt 1 occupied

Outputs

Switch on belt 3

O03

K3

Release to production system

O05

Output closed = product can be placed on belt 1

Control circuitry
For practical implementation of a control task an ALPHA controller is used with 24 V DC voltage
supply. Likewise for safety reasons 24 V DC supply has become the quasi-standard in industry
for sensors and contactors to drive motors.
The motors to be controlled are driven via contactors connected to the control outputs. The release signal for the production system can be switched directly through the relay outputs of ALPHA
and the associated electrical isolation.

24 V DC

Fig. 6-11:
Control circuitry for controlling conveyor belts

S1

(A) (B)

S3

S2

S4

POWER
24V DC

ESC

+
OK

AL2-14MR-D

RELAY
OUTPUT
OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

OUT5

OUT6

Release signal
K1

K3

K2

6 - 14

Programming Examples

Control of conveyor belts

Expansion options
As already mentioned above, the program can be easily expanded for other conveyor belts or
modified for similar applications.
In order not to make this example too complicated, manual belt control was deliberately left out.
However, a retrofit should not pose any problems for you.
Moreover, for practical applications it must be taken into account that there is no product between
the Occupied switches (for instance, in case of voltage loss), the control therefore does not recognize this and this could lead to collisions when the system is started. A possible solution would
be to let the unoccupied belts run for a certain time after the system is switched on. If there is a product somewhere, the Occupied switch is actuated and the belt stopped. If no product was lying
around, the belt is stopped after some time and is now ready for further operation.
Program example with the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software
The diagram below shows the associated program programmed by using the AL-PCS/WIN-EU
software.

Fig. 6-12: Program for controlling conveyor belts

ALPHA2

6 - 15

Control of conveyor belts

Programming Examples

Description of the program

The conditions required in the description of operation above are realized using the basic logic
functions AND, OR, NOR and NOT.
In conveyor belts the following belt should always be switched on first so that the material to be
conveyed is not pushed towards a stationary belt.
If belt 1 is occupied and belt 2 is free, belt 2 is switched on. This will also start belt 1 and transfer
the product to belt 2. Since the product occupies both belts temporarily and none of the switches,
the drives must remain switched on even in these cases. This is reached using an OR operation
with the machine's own output signal (lock).
Once the product reaches switch S2 (I02), belt 1 and belt 2 are stopped. If belt 1 is standing and
is not occupied, output O04 is closed and the release is given for placing a new plate.
The test period starts once belt 2 is occupied or stopped. During this time the product remains on
belt 2 so that quality can be examined. After this time elapses or after the button is pressed (I04),
belt 3 is started provided it is free. This also starts belt 2. A lock again ensures that the belts remain switched on until S3 (I03) is reached.

6 - 16

Programming Examples

6.5

Ventilation of an underground garage

Ventilation of an underground garage

Good ventilation or the removal by suction of exhaust gases is important in underground garages so that the concentration of toxic carbon monoxide (CO) in the garage does not reach dangerous levels.
A ventilator that is operated at all times at a constant (high) speed entails high operating costs.
One way to save energy is to use a frequency inverter that converts the fixed voltage and frequency of the power grid to variable voltages and frequencies. This allows a simple three-phase
induction motor to be operated at variable speed.
Power consumption in fans and ventilators does not increase in a linear fashion with speed but
quadruples. This means that even small speed reductions can lead to large energy savings. The
extra expenses for the frequency inverter are soon balanced out through the savings in operating costs.
In addition, a frequency inverter has other advantages such as adjustable acceleration and delay times, torque boosting, integrated electronic overcurrent protection, etc.
In combination with an ALPHA and a carbon monoxide measuring device, the ventilation can be
controlled as needed.
Please refer to the company website (www.mitsubishi-automation.de) for more information
about Mitsubishi Electric frequency inverters.
Description of operation
A measuring module whose analog output from 0 to 10 V is connected directly to the ALPHA is
used to measure the carbon monoxide concentration in the underground garage. Depending on
the level of carbon monoxide concentration in the air, various control signals are switched on to
preselect the speed in the FR-D700 frequency inverter.
A fault in the frequency inverter is flagged by a flashing indicator lamp in the same manner as
excessive carbon monoxide concentration in the air. In addition, in case of a persistently high
CO concentration, a text message is sent through a GSM modem to, say, warn the operator of
the underground garage.

Fig. 6-13: Ventilation of an underground garage with frequency inverter and ALPHA controller

ALPHA2

6 - 17

Ventilation of an underground garage

Programming Examples

Assignment of inputs/outputs
Function

Address

Label

Assignment

I01

A/C

Alarm output of the frequency inverter

I02

S0

Button (break contact); the input is opened when

pressed.

I03

S1

Button (make contact); the input is closed when

pressed.

I04

E1

Measuring module with analog output (0 to 10 V)

O01

H1

Indicator lamp, flashes if there is a fault in the frequency converter

O02

H2

Indicator lamp, flashes if the carbon monoxide concentration is too high

Frequency converter start

O05

STF

Start signal for frequency inverter

Speed 1

O06

RL

Inputs
Frequency inverter fault
Ventilation OFF
Ventilation ON
Carbon monoxide measuring
device
Outputs
Frequency converter fault
CO alarm

Speed 2

O07

RM

Speed 3

O08

RH

Slow speed
Speed preselection for
frequency inverter

Intermediate speed
High speed

Description of the circuit diagram

Analog inputs are available only in basic ALPHA devices with 24 V DC voltage supply. Therefore, an AL2-24MR-D type controller is used for this example. The modem needed to send a text
message is not shown in the following circuit diagram.
The frequency inverter activates a relay with a changeover contact in case of an alarm (terminals A, B and C). In this case, the make contact uses A/C (fault -> contact closed -> input I01
closed).

24 V DC

CO
S0

S1

E1

U
0 bis 10 V

(A) (B)

10

11 12 13 14 15

POWER
24V DC

FR-D700

Q1

ESC

+
OK

AL2-24MR-D

OUT1

H1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

RELAY
OUTPUT
OUT

L1

L1

L2

L2

L3

L3

RH

C
B

RM

H2

RL
STF
PC
PE

Fig. 6-14: Controlling a frequency inverter using an ALPHA controller

6 - 18

Programming Examples

Ventilation of an underground garage

Operational reliability must also be ensured if transmission of signals from the switches to the
PLC is interrupted. For this reason, a button with make contact is used to switch on ventilation
and a button with break contact to switch it off.
On the PC terminal of the inverter is a 24 V DC voltage with which the control signals can be
switched via the output contacts of the ALPHA. The speeds or frequencies which the frequency
inverter outputs when the RL, RM and RH signals are switched on are stored in the inverter and
can be easily changed by the user.
Expansion options
Using the three RL, RM and RH control signals up to 7 speeds/frequencies can be requested by
simultaneously switching on two or three signals. This can be done easily using the basic logic
operations. In this manner the drive motor power can be better adapted to the power requirement.
Program example with the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software
The following diagram shows the program inputted using the AL-PCS/WIN-EU software for this
example.

Fig. 6-15: Program for controlling a frequency inverter

ALPHA2

6 - 19

Ventilation of an underground garage

Programming Examples

Description of the program

The above-mentioned operational reliability is also considered during programming. In the program the make contact of the ON button acts directly on the set input of the SR function block.
The signal from the break contact of the OFF button is inverted and then acts on the reset input
of the SR function block. This switches off the output and hence the frequency inverter if input
I02 has the "0" signal state. This is the case when the OFF button is pressed or if the connection
between the button and input I02 is broken. This switches off the drive or prevents activation
even when there is wire breakage.
In case of fault in the frequency inverter, the start signal is likewise switched off and an indicator
lamp activated (H1 on output O01). Because a flashing light is better perceived, an FL function
block is used to generate a cycle.
Input I04 is used as analog input. The measurement output of the carbon monoxide measuring
device is connected here. The input voltage of 0 to 10 V is a measure of carbon monoxide concentration in the air and is converted in the ALPHA into values of 0 to 500.
To select the three fan speeds, two limit values for CO concentration are established during programming and these values are later monitored by the program during operation.
A CP function block is used to detect the first limit value. This block compares this limit value to the
value of the analog signal. "Less than" (<) is used here as comparison requirement. This means that
output O06 (slow speed) is always closed if the analog value is less than the first limit value.
The fan can run at the intermediate speed if the value of the analog signal is between the first
and second limit value or is equal to one of these values. This requirement can be met very easily using a ZC function block (range comparison).
Another CP function block monitors whether the second limit value is exceeded. This time
"greater than" (>) is used as comparison requirement to close output O08 in this case. In addition, a flashing indicator lamp will signify that the limit value has been exceeded. A separate
FL function block is used here so that a flash frequency can be used other than the one for the
H1 lamp. This simplifies the identification of faults.
If the second limit value is exceeded for a longer period, a text message is sent to the GSM SMS
function block via the closing delay.

6 - 20

Expansion Options

Expansion modules and memory cassettes

Expansion Options

7.1

Expansion modules and memory cassettes

Digital expansion modules
Do you need additional inputs or outputs?
There are various expansion modules available for the ALPHA2. These modules will add
additional inputs or outputs to the controller.
The modules are inserted directly into the
ALPHA2 and therefore do not occupy any additional space.
The AL2-4EX also offers the possibility of using two inputs as quick counters with a counting frequency of 1 kHz.
Other expansion modules such as analog
outputs or temperature converters are currently under development and will be available shortly. The ALPHA is therefore the right
concept even for future applications.

Type

Number of Number of Input/Output

Inputs
Outputs
Voltage

AL2-4EX-A2

220240 V AC

AL2-4EX

24 V DC

Output Type

Max. Switching Capacity

AL2-4EYR

100240 V AC

Relay

2 A per output (250 V AC / 30 V DC)

AL2-4EYT

24 V DC

Transistor1

1 A per output (24 V DC)

Analog expansion modules

The analog expansion modules expand the
range of application of the ALPHA 2 by a multiple. Voltage or current values can be outputted or temperature values recorded using
these modules.
In total there are 3 different analog expansion
modules available.

Number of Number of
Input Signal
Inputs
Outputs

Output Signal

AL2-2DA

0 to 10 V DC/4 to 20 mA

AL2-2PT-ADP

Temperature (Pt100)

AL2-2TC-ADP

Temperature (thermocouples type K)

Type

ALPHA2

7-1

Expansion modules and memory cassettes

Expansion Options

Voltage supply
For the voltage supply of 24 Vdevices or other external electric loads ALPHA POWER
power units are available in installation distributors. They go with the ALPHA family in
terms of measurements and are designed for
wall or DIN rail assembly.
Up to five power units can be switched parallel
to boost power or for redundancy reasons. The
power units have adjustable output voltage,
thermal overload protection and a power LED.

Type

Input Voltage

Output Voltage

Output Current

ALPHA POWER 24-0.75 100240 V AC

24 V DC

0.75 A

ALPHA POWER 24-1.75 100240 V AC

24 V DC

1.75 A

ALPHA POWER 24-2.5

24 V DC

2.5 A

100240 V AC

Memory cassettes
With an AL2-EEPROM2 memory cassette
a new program can be transferred to the internal memory of the ALPHA control or the
program from the internal memory secured in
the external memory cassette.
The use of the memory cassette has the advantage that a special program can be run
simply by plugging in the external memory
module. After the memory cassette is removed the old program in the internal memory
becomes active again.
AL2-EEPROM2 memory cassettes are not
memory expansions but a data exchange
medium.

7-2

Expansion Options

7.2

Communication options

Communication options

PC, modem and cellular telephone

connection
The AL-232CAB interface cable is available
to connect the ALPHA controller to a personal
computer or notebook where the program
software for the ALPHA modules is located.
The cable is plugged simply into the controller
on one side and into a free serial interface of
the PC on the other.
For important monitoring functions the ALPHA
offers the possibility of sending SMS data to
a GSM modem to be forwarded to cellular telephones, e-mail addresses or fax machines.
To this end the AL2-GSM-CAB GSM cable is
available to connect the ALPHA2 control to
a normal or a GSM modem, a PC or other peripheral components.
Remote monitoring and remote maintenance
are also possible.

Connection to a network
ALPHA controllers can be integrated into an
actuator-sensor-interface network as slave
modules. The AL2-ASI-BD is needed for data
communication via the AS interface system.
Up to 4 inputs and 4 outputs can be exchanged
with the ASI master.
The address assignment of slave devices in
the AS interface is done either automatically
via the master in the network or via a programming device (software).
The maximum transmission distance is 100 m
without repeater. If two repeaters are used the
transmission distance can be 300 m.
A separate voltage supply is required for the
AS interface. The communication signal is
superimposed on the AS interface bus.

ALPHA2

7-3

Communication options

7-4

Expansion Options

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC
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