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Key Objectives in Lighting Design: Visual Performance Physiological Conditions Visual Quality

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Erwin Syah

The document discusses key concepts in lighting design including visual performance, physiological conditions, and visual quality. It then covers radiometric and photometric quantities such as flux, illuminance, intensity, and luminance. These quantities are measured using different units depending on whether an absolute or visible light-dependent approach is used. Various examples of these quantities in common light sources are also provided.

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Key Objectives in Lighting Design: Visual Performance Physiological Conditions Visual Quality

Uploaded by

Erwin Syah
36 views24 pages
The document discusses key concepts in lighting design including visual performance, physiological conditions, and visual quality. It then covers radiometric and photometric quantities such as flux, illuminance, intensity, and luminance. These quantities are measured using different units depending on whether an absolute or visible light-dependent approach is used. Various examples of these quantities in common light sources are also provided.

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MIT OCW

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The document discusses key concepts in lighting design including visual performance, physiological conditions, and visual quality. It then covers radiometric and photometric quantities such as flux, illuminance, intensity, and luminance. These quantities are measured using different units depending on whether an absolute or visible light-dependent approach is used. Various examples of these quantities in common light sources are also provided.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
36 views24 pages

Key Objectives in Lighting Design: Visual Performance Physiological Conditions Visual Quality

Uploaded by

Erwin Syah
The document discusses key concepts in lighting design including visual performance, physiological conditions, and visual quality. It then covers radiometric and photometric quantities such as flux, illuminance, intensity, and luminance. These quantities are measured using different units depending on whether an absolute or visible light-dependent approach is used. Various examples of these quantities in common light sources are also provided.

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Key objectives in Lighting design

Visual performance
Physiological conditions
Visual quality

no strong "contrasts"
good "color rendering"
adequate "light levels"
no "disturbing reflections"
no direct "glare"

Radio- and photometric quantities


Radiometry vs. Photometry
1.0
0.9
0.8

Relative Efficiency [-]

absolute (energy)
vs.
V()-dependent (light)

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750 800

Wavelength [nm]

Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Radiometry vs. Photometry
absolute (energy)
vs.
V()-dependent (light)

1.0

Relative efficiency [-]

1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Wavelength (nm)

Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Four major quantities

flux
illuminance
intensity
luminance

Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
energy / unit of time

in Watts [W] vs. lumen [lm]

Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
energy / unit of time

in Watts [W] vs. lumen [lm]

683 lumen/Watt at 555 nm : lum [lm] = 683 V() e [W]


Incandescence

Discharge
70 watts

75 watts

very
different
efficacies !

1055 lumens

Images by MIT OCW.

5600 lumens

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
flux received / unit of surface
E in [W/m2] vs. [lm/m2] or lux [lx]

Images by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
flux received / unit of surface
E in [W/m2] vs. [lm/m2] or lux [lx]
Full moon

0.01 Lux

Overcast sky

Sunlight

8'000 - 20'000 Lux

100'000 Lux
Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
flux received / unit of apparent surface (cosine ("Lambert") law)
E in [W/m2] vs. [lm/m2] or lux [lx]

E =

E = E. cos

Images by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
flux received / unit of apparent surface (cosine ("Lambert") law)
E in [W/m2] vs. [lm/m2] or lux [lx]
measurement with lux-meter (illumance-meter)
Requirements Lux

Examples

Low

20-70

Circulation, stairs

Moderate

120-185 Entrance, restaurant

Medium

250-375 General tasks

High

500-750 Reading, Writing

Very high

> 1000

Precision tasks

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance

flux received / unit of apparent surface (cosine ("Lambert") law)


E in [W/m2] vs. [lm/m2] or lux [lx]
measurement with lux-meter (illumance-meter)
exitance M for emitted flux [lux]

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity
flux emitted "in a certain direction"

Images by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity
flux emitted within a certain solid angle
A = .d2
A
= 2
d

Images by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity
flux emitted within a certain solid angle
I in [W/sr] vs. [lm/sr] or Candela [Cd]

1 Candela = intensity of one candle

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity
flux emitted within a certain solid angle
I in [W/sr] vs. [lm/sr] or Candela [Cd]
inverse square law for point source

E = I cos() / d2

Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity

flux emitted within a certain solid angle


I in [W/sr] vs. [lm/sr] or Candela [Cd]
inverse square law for point source
intensity distribution

240o

120o

270o

90o
100

300o

200

60

300
400
o

330

30o

Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity

180o

105

120

13

165 o

flux emitted within a certain solid angle


I in [W/sr] vs. [lm/sr] or Candela [Cd]
inverse square law for point source
intensity distribution

150 o
90

30
40

75 o

60

80
100

60 o

120
140

180 cd

160

h = 10 ft

45

180

200
o

15

30

Image by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux

Ns

Source

Illuminance
Intensity
Luminance

I
Ss

flux emitted by apparent


surface in a given direction
I/m2 (or M/sr)
L in [Cd/m2]

Images by MIT OCW.

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity
Luminance
flux emitted by apparent
surface in a given direction
I/m2 (or M/sr)
L in [Cd/m2]
L = I / Sa
L = I / (S . cos )

Sa

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance

Specular

Spread

Diffuse

Specular/Spread

Diffuse/Spread

Intensity
Luminance
flux emitted by apparent
Diffuse/Specular
surface in a given direction
I/m2 (or M/sr)
Intensity variation
L in [Cd/m2]

lambertian surface

Image by MIT OCW.

Luminance variation

lambertian surface

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity
Luminance

Cd/m2
Primary sources
Sun
1 650 000 000
Incandescent lamp (100 W, bright)
6 000 000
Incandescent lamp (100 W, frosted)
125 000
Fluorescent tube (40 W, 38 mm)
5000 - 8000
Candle
5000
Computer screen
100-200

flux emitted by apparent


surface in a given direction
I/m2 (or M/sr)
L in [Cd/m2]

Radio- and photometric quantities


Flux
Illuminance
Intensity

Secondary sources
Moon
White paper ( = 0.8, E = 400 lux)
Grey paper ( = 0.4, E = 400 lux)
Black paper ( = 0.01, E = 400 lux)
Minimal luminance perceived:

Luminance
flux emitted by apparent
surface in a given direction
I/m2 (or M/sr)
L in [Cd/m2]

Cd/m2
2 500 - 3000
100
50
5
10-5

Radio- and photometric quantities


Luminance measurement
Eye = luminance-meter

Photometry
Reading assignment from Textbook:
Introduction to Architectural Science by Szokolay: 2.1

Additional readings relevant to lecture topics:


"IESNA Lighting Handbook" (9th Ed.): pp. 2-1 to 2-3 + pp. 3-1 to
3-5 + pp. 3-9 to 3-14 + pp. 4-1 to 4-6

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